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AUTHOR: 


FORSTER,  JOHN 


TITLE: 


ARREST  OF  THE  FIVE 
MEMBERS  BY... 

PLACE: 

LONDON 

DA  TE : 

1860 


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Arrest  of  the  five  members  by  Cbarl.'s  the  First  A 
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London,  J.  Murray,  I860.  "  '^""loisitr. 


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ARREST 


OF 


THE    FIVE    MEMBERS    BY 
CHARLES    THE    FIRST. 


I 


ARREST 


OF 


THE    FIVE    MEMBERS    BY 
CHARLES  THE  FIRST. 


A    CHAPTER    OF    ENGLISH    HISTORY 

REWRITTEN. 


BY  JOHN    FORSTER. 


Ill 


LONDON: 

JOHN   MURRAY,  ALBEMARLE   STREET. 

i860. 

[T^e  rig /it  of  Tranjlation  is  referved.'] 


!i 


LONDON : 
BRADLURY    AND    EVANS,    PRINTERS,    WHITEFRIARS. 


1 


1;A 


CONTENTS. 


§  I.     Introductory 


PAGE 
I lO 


Text.  An  attempt  fatal  to  its  Author  :  Party  mifreprefentations 
of  it,  I.  Not  an  ifolated  A61.  Dramatic  correflnefs  of  the 
Eikon  Bafilike.  Authorities  for  this  narrative,  2.  MS.  liluf- 
trations.  Admiral  Pennington,  3.  Pennington  appointed  to 
fucceed  Lord  Northumberland.  Captain  Slingfby,  brother  of 
Strafford's  Secretary:  relates  the  Parliamentary  news,  25/^^ 
A^oi;.  (1641),  4.  A  night-long  Debate.  Sidney  Bere,  Under- 
Secretary  of  State:  delcribes  oppofition  to  printing  the  Re- 
monftrance,  5.  Fears  of  the  wife.  Narrow  majorities  in  Houfe 
of  Commons.  Confli6f  continued,  6.  Firft  great  Parliamentary 
divifions.  Protefting  with  a  difference,  7.  Mr.  Thomas  Wife- 
man  to  Admiral  Pennington,  znd  Dec.  (1641),  7,  8.  Palmer's 
protefl  and  puniftmient.  Abfentees  from  the  Houfes,  8.  The 
majority  of  eleven.  Never  more  heat  in  Parliament  than  now, 
znd  Dec.  1641.  Minority  fet  up  againll  Majority,  9.  Clofe 
of  the  firft  ftruggle  of  Parliamentary  party  in  England,  10. 

Notes.  Services    to    Englifh    Hiftory    rendered    by    Sir  John 
Romilly.  Clarendon's  chara6ler  of  Pennington,  3. 

II.    The  King's  Return  from  Scotland        .       .    10 — 20 

Text.  Affertions  of  Clarendon,  10.  The  two  attempts  of  the 
ird  and  4//;  January.  New  State  Appointments  advifed  by 
Lord  Digby,  11.  A  queftion  for  enquiry.  Sufpicions  againft 
Falkland,  Culpeper,  and  Hyde.  Charges  againft  Pym  and 
Hampden.  The  King's  way  of  dealing  with  opponents,  12. 
Crufhing  or  conciliating,  always  too  late,  13.  Trcafonable 
Correfpondence  of  Englifh  members  with  Scotch  Rebels. 
Clarendon's  opinion  of  the  five  accufed,  14.  Kimbolton  a 
Scotch  Commiffioner  j  narrowly  watched  by  the  Court.  Lady 
Carlifle's  intercourfe  with  both  parties,  15.  A  dangerous 
mediator.  Doubtful  Services.  Meetings  in  Pym's  Lodgings, 
Chelfea,  16.  Libels  on  Hampden.  Avowed  Rebels  par- 
doned. Sufpe<^ed  Rebels  to  be  impeached,  17.  The  King's 
threats  againft  the  popular  Leaders.  Treafons  committed 
in  Parliament.  Coercing  a  minority  put  forth  as  breach  of 
privilege,    18.     Signs  of  danger  abroad.     30/,^  No'v.  1641  : 


VI 


Contents, 


Contents. 


\n 


PAGE 

alleged  confplracy  to  get  vip  charges  of  Treafon,  19.  Argu- 
ment for  giving  weight  to  a  minority.  Alarms  generally 
prevalent.     Confidence  of  the  King,  20. 

Notes.  Lord  Digby'sfriendftiips,  II.  Stratagem  of  winning  by 
places.  Offers  to  Pym.  Their  non-acceptance  regretted 
by  Hyde,  13.  Secret  Confultations.  Kimbolton's  ill 
company,  15. 

§  III.     False  Reliances 21—29. 

Text.  The  Royalift  party  in  the  City.  Banquet  at  Guildhall, 
21.  King's  reception  thereat.  Lord  Mayor  Gourney  made 
a  Baronet.  Welcome  news  for  the  King,  22.  Speaker 
Lenthal  alarmed  :  wiflies  to  be  relieved  from  Speakerfliip, 
and  to  become  again  the  meaneft  Subje6l  of  his  Sovereign, 
23.  Speaker  Lenthal  to  Secretary  Nicholas,  '^rd  Dec.  164.1. 
Invokes  the  King's  facred  mercy.  Craves  Mr.  Secretary's 
help  in  loweft  polhire  of  obedience,  24.  Experts  ruin  from 
continuing  in  the  Chair  of  the  Houfe.  A  willing  Dupe. 
Captain  Slinglby  to  Admiral  Pennington,  zmi  Dec.  (1641), 
25.  Faftious  Citizens.  Fears  and  mifgivings  of  the  beft  in- 
formed, 26.  Slingfby's  Alarm.  Wealthy  and  difcontented 
Citizens:  coming  in  their  coaches,  27.  Unpopular  a6ls  of 
the  Lord  Mayor.  Second  thoughts  of  Speaker  Lenthal,  28. 
An  Under-Secretary's  Prayer,  29. 

Notes.  Ovatio  Carolina,  22.  Clarendon's  opinion  of  Lenthal, 
23.  The  King  and  the  two  Houles.  Citizens  and 
M.P.'s.  Sir  Edward  Bering,  26.  Chara6^er  of  Sir  Ed. 
Nicholas,  27.    Speaker  Lenthal  to  Secretary  Nicholas,  28. 

§  IV.     Fatal  Mistakes 29—39 

Text.  Foolhardinefs  of  the  King.  Removes  the  Guard  from 
the  Houfes  :  Gives  office  to  the  Leaders  of  the  Minority,  29. 
AflTails  Privilege,  30.  Interferes  with  a  Bill  under  difcuilion. 
Enforces  Laws  againft  Puritans.  Remits  Penalties  againft 
Roman  Catholics.  Partial  execution  of  the  Laws,  31. 
Refiik'd  by  the  People,  32.  A  time  for  caution.  Difaftrous 
Refolve  of  the  King.  The  Tower  and  its  Governor,  33. 
Balfour  removed.  Lunfford  appointed  :  his  infamous  cha- 
rafler  :  his  clofe  friendflilp  with  Lord  Digby,  34.  Obje6l  in 
appointing  him,  35.  A  man  to  execute  anything:  and 
keep  the  five  members,  once  arrelled,  fafe,  36.  Evil  fore- 
bodinjTs  of  Sir  Simonds  D'Ewes.  Addrefs  voted  for  Lunf- 
ford's  Removal.  Difmiffal  of  Lord  Newport.  The  Charge 
againfl  him,  37.  Propofal  to  feize  hoftages  for  the  King's 
good  Faith.  The  lie  given  to  Lord  Newport,  24/^  Dec. 
The  lie  retrained,  29///  Dec.  Warnings  in  the  interval,  38. 
Sudden  yielding  of  the  King.  Extraordinary  determination 
taken,  39. 


PAGE 


Notes.  Wifeman  to  Pennington,  2nd  Dec.  (1641),  29. 
Under-Secretary  Bere  to  Pennington,  25//;  No'v.  and 
^t/i  Dec.  16^1.  Court  Changes.  Same  to  fame,  2  3r^  Z)^r'-, 
30.  Sllnglby  to  Pennington,  iSt/i  Dec.  1641.  Attack 
upon  Newgate.  Reprievals  of  Popifh  offenders,  32. 
Windebank's  Crime  and  Efcape,  32,  33.  Lunfford's 
Warrant,  34.  Clarendon's  account  of  the  Appointment. 
Clouds  of  words.  Digby  the 'fcapegoat,  35.  Lords  who 
fided  with  majority  in  Commons.  Duke  of  Richmond's 
fally,  z6t/i  Jan.  (i 641-2),  36. 


^J  V. 


Pym  and  the  King 


39—60 


•1 


Text.     Popularity  of  the  Leader  of  the  Commons.   Its  caufes,  39. 
Pym  imprifoned  for  his  opinions  in  16 14.  A  Member  of  the 
Parliament   of   1620.     One  of  James  the  FirlVs    '*  Twelve 
Kings,"    40.     Rifes  to   the    place  of    Leader,   April   1640. 
Qualities  and   fervices  which  endeared  him   to   the    People. 
Clarendon's  Tribute  to  his  popularity,  41 .  Former  intercourfe 
with  the  King.   Negotiations  again  opened,  42.    King  Pym: 
fecret  influence  over  King   Charles,   44.     Songs   and  Satires 
againft  the  Parliament,  45.    Pym's  Conftitutional  opmions. 
Alternately  held  up  for  avoidance  and  for  example.     Charac- 
teriftics  of  his   Oratory,  46.     Chancellorfliip  of   Exchequer 
ao-ain  offered  to  him.    Pym  lefs  extreme  than  Hampden.    The 
offer  made  too  late,  47.  Pym  filent  as  to  the  King's  propofal : 
rejeas  it.     Sir  Edward  Dering   to  Lady  Dermg,  13//?  jan, 
1641-2,   defcribes  Charles's  overture  to  Pym,  48.     Culpeper 
receives  what  Pym  had  declined,  \ft  Jan.  (1641-2),  49.    Old 
Vane  finally  dilmiffed,  50.     Revenge  for  Strafford.    Young 
Vane  alio  difmiffed,    51.     Captain   Carterett.    Young  Vane 
fucceeded  by  a  friend  of  Strafford.    Captain  Carterett  to  Pen- 
nington, 2  3r  J  Z)^r.  1 641.   Pym  welcomes  Old  Vane   mto  the 
popular  Ranks,  52.     Under-Secretary  Bere  to  the  Admira  , 
2  3r^  Dec.     The  Commons  refent  Young  Vanes  dilmiiial. 
Previous  offer  to  Pym  and  his  Friends,  July  (1641),    53. 
Fonner  attempt  to  give  office  to  Leaders  ot  the  Commons. 
Not  a  mere  expedient  for  laving  Strafford  :    renewed  after 
Strafford's  execution.     Hollis  or  Hampden  named  for  Secre- 
tary of  State,   15///  July   (1641),    54-       Negotiations  vvith 
popular  Leaders  kept  open.     Diftribution  ot  offices  fettled, 
7.0th  July  (1641),  55.     Preparation  for   the  new  Miniftry. 
Making  provifion  for  the  worrt,  56.     A  fequel  almoft   too 
ftrange  for   belief.     Prefent   from  the   Admiral.     Nicholas 
to  Pennington,  29M  July  (1641),  57.    Why  Nicholas  objefts 
to   Ecclefiaftical  Reform.     King's  propofed  journey  to  Scot- 
land :  objeaed   to  by   the   Commons.      The   new   Miniltry 
expeaed  :  Hampden,  Pym,  Hollis,  and  Lord  Saye  and  Seale, 
58.    Nicholas  about  to  retire:    but  does  not  retire.     Why 
both  attempts  to  conciliate  popular  Leaders  failed.    The  rock 


vni 


Contents. 


Contents. 


PAGE 


IX 


PAGE 


they  fplit  agalnft,    59.     A   warning   for   Pym  to  a61  upon. 

The  warning  taken,  60. 
Notes.  Sir  R.  Cotton's  fufferings  at  feizure  of  his  Libraiy. 
The  1620  Parliament,  40.  Why  King's  efforts  to  con- 
ciliate failed,  42.  Royalift  libellers  of  Pym.  Doings  when 
Pym  was  King.  A  propofed  ena61ment,  43.  Pym  chides 
members  for  late  attendance.  Is  happieft  in  Storms,  44. 
Pym  and  the  '*  King's  Daughter."  Pym's  Pidure.  Muft 
avoid  Heaven  for  fear  of  Bifhops,  45.  Pym's  lalt  rtftlng- 
place,  46.  Pym  not  adverfe  to  the  Church,  but  to 
Arminian  practices,  47.  Camden  Society  Books.  Winde- 
bank  to  his  Son,  i-jth  Dec.  1641.  Secret  underftanding 
with  the  Queen,  49.  Windebank's  grief  at  lofing  place. 
Same  to  his  Son,  z\thDec.  A  fellow  feeling,  50.  Admiral 
Pennington  looking  for  Young  Vane's  office.  Captain 
Dowfe  to  Pennington,  'i^oth  Dec'',  51.  Why  Carterett  was 
named  Vice-Admiral  by  the  Parliament,  52.  Secretary 
Nicholas  to  Pennington,  54,  55.  Sidney  Bere  to  Penning- 
ton, 30//;  ^«/y,  164 1.  Notice  to  quit  Whitehall.  Propofed 
Viceroy  during  the  King's  abfence.  Confolations  of  a 
retiring  official,  56. 

§  VI.    The  Westminster  Tu.mults      ....    60 — 67 

Text.  Publication  of  the  Grand  Remonftrance.  A  Faft  Day, 
zznd  Dec.  (1641^,  60.  How  the  King  celebrated  it.  Dlfcon- 
tented  Holiday  Crowds,  61.  Sea  and  Land  Storms.  A  reli- 
gious war  talked  of.  Lunfford's  appointment  cancelled.  Too 
late.  Memorable  epithets  firft  Invented,  62.  Firft  blood  flied 
in  the  Civil  War,  64.  Caufe  of  fudden  Affemblages  in  Wert- 
minfter  Hall,  65.  Party  ftatements.  Who  were  the  firft 
Aggrcffors,  66.  True  beginning  of  the  Civil  War:  in  the 
attempt  to  deftroy  the  Parliamentary  Leaders,  06^  67. 

Notes.  Cavalier  :  Origin  and  Meaning  of  the  Word.  The 
King  complains  of  its  ufe.  Roundhead,  63.  William 
Lilly's  evidence.  The  King's  fecret  revealed.  A  Belief 
or  Superftltlon.  Charaiier  of  Puritans,  64.  What  Lilly 
obferved  of  the  Tumults.  A  Parliament  the  People's 
only  hope.     Secret  Counfels,  65. 

§  VII.     Citizens  and  Soldiers  in  the  Hall      .        .     67 — 81 

Text.  Monday  zjth  Dec.  1641.  Severity  of  the  Winter,  67. 
Tempcft  at  Sea.  Mr.  Thomas  Smith  to  Pennington,  ^ot/i 
Dec.  At  Whitehall  Gate  29///  Dec'\,  68.  Exafperation  of 
the  People.  Jefuitlcal  Faftion  ftrong  in  the  Houfe.  The 
Under  Secretary  to  the  Admiral,  30///  Dec.  Confufion  and 
fears,  69.  Lunfford  knighted  and  penfioned  upon  his  re- 
moval. Blood  ffied  i-jt/i  Dec.  Courtiers  ordered  to  be  armed, 
70.     Share  in  the  tumults  taken  by  Citizens  and  Apprentices, 


M 


-o    71       What  Mr.  Bramfton  faw  27M  Dec.     Provocation 
io  the  People,  71.     Soldier  affailants.       Volunteer  Guard  to 
the  Kire.     Clarendon's  opinion  of  them,   7^.  ^  Component 
elements  of  the  Guard.    The  King's  unfeafonable  acceptance 
of  their  Service.     Citizens  Infulted  and  affa.led  by  them,  73. 
Cuts   and   ftafhes  drawing  blood.     Plam  meanmgs  to  Cla- 
rendon's fpeech.    Eager  encouragement  to  attack  on  Citizens, 
74.     Abettors  of  the  Outrage.     Defign  in  encouragmg  the 
Whitehall  Defperadoes:    to  draw  together  a  Handing  Guard, 
7c.     Admlffions  by   the    King   ^th  March    1641^2.     Wit- 
neffes  above  fufpicion,  76.     A  mad  Chnftmas.     Excufes  for 
the   Whitehall   Guard.     Unpopularity  ot    Sir  John   Biron. 
Citizens  chafed  about  the  Hall  by  armed  Soldiers,  77.    Affray 
in  the  Abbey  Dec.  z%th.   Unprovoked  outrage  by  the  Soldiers 
2qM  Dec.  Gentlemen  armed  crowding  the  Court :  500  vo- 
lunteer Lawyers:  30M  Dec.     Charge  againft  L^^^   ™' 

78.  No  blood  (bed  by  the  Citizens.    A  fighting  Archbilbop, 

79.  Incitements  to  violence.    Shops  clofed,  and  all  men  arm- 
ing.    Dangerous  Beliefs,  80.     A  terrible  relponfibility,  81. 

Notes.  Fierce  Froft  In  Paris  :  Windebank  to  his  Son,  67,  68. 
The  Penfionand  Knighthood  to  Lunl  ford,  70.  Arch- 
blfhop  Williams,  71.  Sllnglby's  Ship  at  Spithead.  His 
brother's  conneftlon  with  Strafford,  76.  His  error  relative 
to  the  Citizens,  77.     Entry  from  D'Ewes  s  Journal,  79. 

§  VIII.  What  was  Passing  in  the  House  .  .  81- 
Text  Firft  day  of  the  tumults,  27M  Dec%  8 1 .  Second  day  of 
the  tumults,%8M  Dec.  Lord  Newport's  diimifla  debated 
Oliver  Cromwell  fpeaklng,  82.  Denounces  the  Earl  ot  Briftol. 
Denzil  Hollls  attacks  Lord  DIgby.  Lord  Digby  s  complicity 
with  attempts  of  zrd  &  ^th  J  any,  83.  No  acquittal  of  Lord 
DIgby  intended.  Refolution  on  his  I'^P^f  ^^"^^"^-  ^^^"^ 
fileLes  In  the  Houfe.  Tuefday  28M  Dec^,  84.  Wednefday 
29M  Dec.  Cromwell  as  to  officering  of  the  Army^  Threats 
of  French  Interference  to  put  down  Englifti  Liberties,  85. 
Infolence  of  a  French  Prieft.  Court  Secrets  known  to  the 
French.  French  Information,  86.  Warning  from  a  Pii- 
foner  in  the  Gate  Houfe,  87.  Pilfon  for  Jefuits  and  Recufants. 
The  danger  known  to  Pym,  88. 

Notes.  State  of  D'Ewes's  Journal  in  the  Harlelan  MSS,  81. 
The  Spanim  Match,  82.  Iridi  military  appointments,  85. 
John  Marfton  to  Lord  Kimbolton  :  Nature  of  hjs  Com- 
munication, 87.     Attack  on  the  Parliament  expeaed,  88. 


IX.    The  Bishops  sent  to  the  Tower  . 

Text  Thurfday  -^.oth  Dec%  88.  Meffage  from  the  Lords.  Pro- 
t;ftatIon  of  the  Biftiops,  89.  They  retire  from  the  Houie: 
and  proteft  agalnft  Proceedings  m   their   abience,    90,  9'- 


-S3 


88—105 


Contents, 


PAGE 

Effe(5l  of  Proteft.      An   opportunity  defired    by  the    King. 
"  Mobs"  for  two  days  only.     Amount  of  provocation  given, 
92.     What  the   Bifliop  of  Norwich  faw  and  heard.     Fright 
given  in  the  Houfe  itfelf.     Some  Lords  advifmg,  93.     Lord 
Hertford  alarms  the  Bifliops.     Other  Lords  fmiling.    What 
paffed  at  Williams's  Lodgings.     **  Unfortunate  "  Accident, 
94.     Charles  and  his  Lord  Keeper  at  Whitehall.     Accident 
or  Defign  ?     A  furprife   foi   the  Bifhops.     What  Cromwell 
thought  of  the  Proteftation,  95.     The  Birtiops  characterized 
by  Cromwell.     General  feeling  at  the  time,  96.    Clarendon's 
opinion    as    to     Impeachment.       Contemporary    Accounts. 
Siingfby  to  Pennington,  97.    His  opinion  of  the  Proteftation  : 
even  Blftiops'  friends  averfe  to  it.     Bere  to  Pennington,  30/// 
Dec.     Committal  of  the  Bifhops,  98.    *'  Our  deplorable  con- 
dition."   Prays  the  great  tempefts  have  left  the  Admiral  fafe. 
"Mr.  Thomas  Smith  to  Pennington,  30///  Dec.    Endeavour  of 
Bifliops  to  undo  what  Long  Parliament  had  done,  and  compel 
adilfolution,  99.    Williams  compared  to  AchitopheJ.     Com- 
plicity of  Lords  Briftol  and  Digby.     Real  drift  of  the  Pro- 
teft.  Prompt  action  of  the  Lords,  100.    A  conference,    ^oth 
Dec.   8  o'clock  p.m.  ten   Biftiops    fent   to  the  Tower,    loi. 
Laud  and  Williams  within  the  fame  walls  at  laft.    Door  ftuit 
on  perfecuted  and  perlecutor.     Caricature  of  Williams  as  a 
Decoy  Duck,  102.  A  witty  conceit:  Laud's  enjoyment  there- 
of^".   Perhaps  his  hft  gleam  of  mirth,  103.    D'Ewes  fees   the 
Biftiops'  Bench  turned  into  lumber.     Is  glad  they  no  longer 
call  themfelves  *♦  Lordftiips"  ;  and  would  keep  them  where 
they  are,  104.     <*  Clofe  air"  at  Charing  Crofs,  105. 
Notes.   What  the  mob  did  to  Archbiftiop  Williams.   Evidence 
of  Bramfton,  Hyde,  and  Hacket,  89.     Hacket's  Scrinia 
Refcrata  defcribed.    Ufelefs  Knowledge.  Written  during 
the  Proteaorate.     Attack  on  Milton,  90.     A  fchoolboy 
Icribbler.     Shakefpeare    not    known.     Pralfe  of  Jonfon, 
Chaucer,  and  Spenfer,  91.     How  the  Proteft  was  iigned, 
95.     Cafe  againft  the  Biftiops.    Themfelves  to  thank  for 
their  unpopularity.    Their  violence  and  paftion  17///  June 
1641.  A  true  prediction,  96.    Great  Storms  raging  on  the 
coaft,  99.     Hacket's  lament  for  the  Biftiops.     No  love  of 
Biftiops  among  the  Lords,    loi.     Debate  as  to  calling  in 
Bifhops  of  Lichfield  and  Durham,  102.     The  two  Arch- 
biftiops    exchange  Civilities  in  the   Tower.     Caricature 
of  Williams  as  Church  Militant,  103.     Difadvantages  of 
the  Black  Rod,  105. 

§  X.     Shadows  of  the  Coming  Event  .        .     .     105 112 

Houfe  of  Commons  Dec.  30///  (1641),  105.  Members 
delighted  by  the  folly  of  the  Bifhops,  105,  106.  Members 
alarmed  by  a  fuggeftion  of  Pym's.  Objeaion  made  by  D'Ewes, 
106.    A  ftrange  motion  expeaed:  which  follows  accordingly, 


"Text. 


Contents. 


XI 


PAGE 


106,107.  Pym's  Speech.  The  remedy  for  danger.  Necefllty 
for  an  immediate  Guard,  107.  The  whole  truth  not  told. 
Report  of  Pym's  Speech  by  D'Ewes.  A  defign  to  be  exe- 
cuted :  Plot  for  deftroying  the  Houfe  of  Commons.  Ad- 
iournment  to  Guildhall  propofed,  108.  D'Ewes  oppofes  de- 
parture to  City.  "  Let  us  not  be  taken  together."  The 
deftgn  near  or  diftant  ?  Friday  31/?  Dec.  (1641),  109.  Demand 
for  Guard  under  Lord  Efl"ex,  109,  no.  No  reply.  Halberts 
meanwhile  provided.  Committee  to  receive  reply.  Saturday 
jji  Jan.  (1641-2),  no.  A  Council  at  Whitehall.  Falkland 
and  Culpeper  fworn  into  their  offices,  in.  Confequences  and 
refponfibilltles  incident  to  office  at  fuch  a  time,  in,  112. 
Notes.  DatesofNew  Appointments,  no,  in.  Culpeper  Chan- 
cellor of  the  Exchequer.   Falkland  Secretary  of  State,  in. 

§  XI.    The  Impeachment  before  the  Lords  .     112—118 

Text.  Monday  ^rd  Jan.  1 641-2.  King's  meflage  to  Commons 
refufing  Guard.  Attorney-General  delivers  Impeachment  to 
the  Lords.  Introduced  by  Lord  Keeper  Littleton,  112.  The 
Seven  Articles  of  Treaibn.  1.  General  Charge.  11.  Author- 
ftiip  of  Remonftrance.  ill.  Tampering  with  the  Army.  iv. 
Invitations  to  the  Scotch,  v.  Puniftiment  ot  proteftmg 
Minority,  vl.  Raifing  Tumults,  vii.  Levying  War,  113,  114. 
Agitation  among  the  Lords.  Immediate  aaion  taken.  King's 
demand  refufed.  ^^greement  with  Commons,  1 1 5.  Lord  Kim- 
bolton  repels  the  Charge.  Lord  Digby  filent,  116.  Failure  In 
courage  or  good  faith  :  Clarendon's  charge  againft  him,  117. 
Digby  affeas  furprife:  and  fuddenly  quits  the  Houfe,  117,  118. 

Notes.  MS.  Articles  of  Treafbn  in  State  Paper  Office,  04, 1 1 5. 
Date  of  tranfmiflion  of  Petition  of  both  Houfes  for  Guard, 
1 1 5.  Charles's  anfwer  thereto.  Not  Lord  Eflex,  but  Lord 
Lindfay  :  the  moft  devoted  of  Royal  Partizan^,  1 1 6. 

§  XII.     The  Impeachment  before  the  Commons    .     118— 126 

Text.  D'Ewes  in  the  Lower  Houfe.  Pym  fpeaking  to  the 
King's  refufal  of  a  Guard.  D'Ewes's  hurried  and  unfiniflied 
Reports,  118.  Suggeftlon  for  a  City  Guard.  Fragments  of 
Pym's  Speech.  Pym  and  Hollis  informed  of  outrage  at  their 
homes,  119.  Their  and  Hampden's  Papers  feized  by  King's 
Warrant :  Declared  a  breach  of  Privilege.  Refiftance  juf- 
tified.  Refolution  againft  Seizure  of  Private  Papers,  120. 
Violation  of  Law  as  well  as  Privilege.  The  new  Minifters 
filent.  Hyde  abfent.  No  oppofition  attempted.  The  King's 
Serjeant  at  the  door  of  the  Houfe,  121.  Enters,  without  his 
Mace.  Demands  the  five  Accufed.  No  Debate.  Com- 
pofure  of  the  Houfe,  122.  The  Serjeant  ordered  to  wait 
outftde.  Deputation  to  carry  Meflage  to  the  King:  The 
accufed  will  anfwer  any /^^«/ Charge,  123.    The  Five  Accufed 


XI 1 


Content s. 


PAGE 

ordered  to  attend  daily.  Rcfolutlon  for  Mllitaiy  Guard  out 
of"  the  City.  Venn  and  Pennington  fent  to  the  Lord  Mayor. 
Day  declining,  124.  Seals  affixed  by  King's  Warrant  to  be 
broken.  King's  Agents  who  I'eized  Papers  to  be  imprilbned, 
125.     Laft  AR  of  the  Houfe  on  irdjan",  126. 

Note.     Sir  Wm.    Killigrew   and   the   diamond  hat-band   and 
ring,  125. 

§  XIII.     What  Followed  the  Impeachment  .     126—129 

Text.     Interview   with  the   King.      A    Promife  for  next  day. 

Authority  for  Scene  to  be  defcribed,  126.     Admixture  of 

true  and  falfe.    View  taken  by  Mr.  Hallani:  how  far  credible, 

127.      Did    the    King   a(5l  apart  from  all   advice?      Were 

Attorney    and     Keeper    wholly    ignorant  ?       What    Strode 

thought   of  their   participation,   128.     Propofed  attempt  of 

the  4th  not  fecret  to  the  laft.      DifcufTed  the  previous  night, 

129. 

Notes.     Ill  advifers.     Mr.  Hallam's  view  not  confonant  with 

chara6^er  of  the  King,  127.     Mr.  Attorney's  Excufes  to 

the    Houfe  :   difbelievtd   by   Strode,    128.      The  Q^ieen's 

Attorney  put  forward.     *'  Shut  the  door,"  129. 


§  XIV.     Scene  in  the  Queen's  Apartments 


129 — 139 


Text,  111  Advifers,  129.  Papifts  and  women.  Statement  of 
Madame  de  Motteville,  130.  Warning  to  the  Accufed  from 
French  Ambaflador.  Etfe6^s  of  Qjieen's  intermeddling. 
Her  defigns  fufpeded  by  the  Commons,  131.  Sufpicions 
proved  true.  Clarendon  explains  her  defire  to  have  the  Mem- 
bers impeached,  132.  To  lave  herfelf  from  Impeachment. 
Lucy,  Countels  of  Carliile  :  her  daily  intercourfe  with  Pyni 
and  Kimbolton  after  Stiafford's  death,  133.  Ketribulion  for 
betrayal  of  her  friend  :  Betrays  the  Court  to  the  Commons. 
Her  condu6l  explained  by  her  chara6^er,  1 34.  Her  brother 
Northumberland.  Sir  Philip  Warwick's  Scandal,  135.  A 
fuggeftion  more  probable.  Do6lor  Bates.  Privy  Counfellors 
faid  to  have  advifed  the  King,  137.  King  and  Qj^ieen  on 
the  night  of  the  ird 'January  :  On  the  morning  of  the  4///. 
Lady  Carliile  clofeted  with  the  Qjiieen,  138.  The  One  hour. 
Queen  betrays  her  Secret.  Lady  Carlifle  betrays  the  Q^een, 
139. 

Notes.  Henrietta's  conduft  on  the  return  from  Scotland.  May 
the  Hirtorian,  130.  Charles  milled,  131.  Ablha61:ion  of 
the  Crown  Jewels,  1 32.  A  Courtier's  view  of  the  Impeach- 
ment and  Arrelf.  Bufy  Statefwoman  become  She-Saint, 
135.  No  ground  for  Warwick's  Libel.  Pym's  unpuri- 
tanic  manners.  *'  Roundhead"  explained  by  Baxter,  i  36, 
"That  roundheaded  Man,"  137, 


Contents, 


xni 


PAGE 

§  XV.     Council  on  the  Night  of  the  3RD  of  Janu- 
ary     139 — 154. 

Text.  The  night's  debate:  Who  were  prefent?  139.  Teftimony 
of  Sir  Arthur  Hafelrig.  Gratitude  to  Lady  Carlifle.  Rage 
of  the  Queen.  What  Philofopher  Hobbes  fays,  140.  Di- 
reftion  in  which  to  look  for  motives  and  obje6ls  of  attempt 
of  4///  January.  Not  fo  ralh  as  fuppofed,  141.  Pofition  of 
the  King  after  failure  of  attempt  of  the  '^rd  January.  Chal- 
lenge taken  up  by  the  Commons.  Difficulty  of  retreat.  Alleged 
Evidence  to  fupport  the  Charge,  142.  Falfe  Step  irretriev- 
able within  limits  of  Law.  Nature  of  the  a6l  already  com- 
mitted. One  way  to  recover  ground,  143.  Renewal  of 
attempt  with  means  to  enforce  it.  Foiled  only  by  Lady  Car- 
lifle's  warning.  Idea  of  refiftance  infeparable  from  propofed 
attempt,  144.  The  King  incapable  of  a  wife  fear.  Iflue 
raifed,  one  of  violence  :  reafon  why  Houfe  withdrew  its  mem- 
bers, 145.  Source  of  Queen's  felf-reproach  :  not  prevention 
of  attempt,  but  interception  of  confequences.  Previous  pre- 
parations at  Whitehall  and  in  the  City,  146.  Evidence  of 
Captain  Langres.  Affiftmce  fought  from  Inns  of  Court, 
147.  Killigrew  lent  round  with  Copy  of  Impeachment,  148. 
W'hat  the  new  Minifters  thought  of  the  guilt  of  the  accufed, 
149.  Obje6^ion  to  arreft  only  alter  its  failure.  Hyde  employed 
to  juftify  it.  Mifreprefentation  of  the  cafe,  1 50.  No  privilege 
claimed  againll  Treafon.  Falfe  IlTue  railed,  151.  Indemnity 
from  Trealbn  never  claimed.  -Method  of  proceeding  only 
objected  to.  Culpeper's  confidence  to  Dering.  Charles's  trull 
in  his  new  Counfellors,  152.  Imputation  againll  Hyde  and 
his  friends.  Believed  to  be  *' Contrivers"  of  the  Arreft, 
153.  Their  mode  of  objecting  and  denying  :  no  evidence  of 
*'deteftation  "  of  the  Deed,  but  rather  proof  of  indire6l  par- 
ticipation, 153,  154.     Stake  played  for  and  loft,  154. 

Notes.  "  Littel  Vil  Murry,"  139.  May,  and  Hobbes,  as  to 
a  demand  for  names  of  King's  Advifers,  141.  What 
Hyde  thought  of  the  Arreft:  and  what  he  would  have 
done  himfelf,  142,  143.  Whitelock's  view.  Extent  of 
danger  prevented  by  Lady  Carlifle,  145.  Inns  of  Court 
Volunteer  Guard.  A  troubled  midfummer  :  1628.  The 
country  on  the  eve  of  Refiftance.  Royal  letter  to  Benchers 
of  Gray's  Inn,  147.  Defire  to  have  all  citizens  exercifed  in 
arms.  Defe6l  to  be  fupplied,  a  want  of  difcipline.  Law 
Students  not  to  neglect  Studies,  but  to  occupy  leifure  and 
vacations,  148.  What  Falkland,  Culpeper,  and  Hyde 
would  have  done  with  the  Five  Members  :  Seized  them 
feparately,  and  lent  each  to  a  different  prifon,  149. 
**  Gentlenefs  "  of  the  King's  attempt  alleged  by  Claren- 
don. An  aft  of  favour,  150.  Another  fketch  from  fame 
hand.     The  King's  ftyle  of  writing,  151. 


i 


XIV 


Contents, 


r 


Contents, 


§  XVI.     Midnight  Visit  to  the  City 


PAGE 

154 — 160 

Text,  Secretary  Nicholas  confulting  late  with  the  King,  1 54. 
Provifion  againft  tumults  next  day,  and  againil  demand  oF 
Conimons  for  Guard,  154.,  155.  Order  of  Houfe  for  City 
Train  Bands.  Counter  Warrant  ligned  by  the  Kincr.  Grave 
Evidence  againft  the  Court,  155.  Order  to  Train^Bands  to 
fire  on  the  Citizens  :  Intercepted,  and  not  publiflied  until 
now.  Why  not  put  in  force.  Reached  the  City  too  late, 
156.  Fortunate  accident  for  the  King.  What  might  have 
been  Hiftory.  Copy  of  the  Warrant.  Reference  to  Five 
Members,  157.  Train  Bands  called  out  for  the  King.  All 
Gatherings  of  Citizens  to  difperfe  :  On  refufal,  to  be  fired 
upon.  Letter  of  Nicholas's  Agent,  158.  Whitehall  clocks 
behind  time.  Anticipated  by  deputation  from  Commons  ? 
Palt  midnight  at  the  Tower.  Any  further  private  Commands  ? 

159.  Inferences    from    Agent's   Letter.      Preparations  for 
the  morrow.      Memorable  day,  160. 

liote.     Interlineation  by  Secretary  Nicholas,  158. 

§  XVII.     Morning  of  the  4TH  of  January     .         .     160—175 

Text,     Houfe  of  Commons:    Falkland  reports  King's  Meflage, 

160.  Motion  as  to  King's  tampering  with  Inns  of  Court. 
Four   Members  fent  to  the  Four  Inns.     Grand  Committee, 

161.  Pym   replies    to   Articles   of  Trealbn.       Allufion  to 
Strafford.    Charge  of  bringing  over  the  Army  to  Parliament  : 
lefs  treafonable  than  overawing  Parliament  by  Army,  162. 
Comparifons  invited.     Avows  publication  of  Remondrance. 
Accepts  the  guilt  and  refponfibility.  As  to  charge  of  levying 
arms  againrt  King,  163.     As  to  apprehending   delinquents. 
Guilty  of  defending  Chrift's  do<5irine,  and  orthodox  Church 
government.      Judgment  defircd   from   the  Houfe.     **  Well 
moved.''     An  ominous  queltion,    164.     Has  not  breach  of 
privilege   been    committed  ?     Hollis,    Hafclrig,    and  Strode, 
defend  thcmfclves.  Strode's  Speech.   Hafelrig's  :  his  reference 
to  Scottifti   Treafon,    165.     Hampden   fpeaks.      Jullifies   re- 
fiftance.     Defines  ill  and  didoyal,  good  and  loyal  fubjefts. 
Unaccuftomed  Emotion,  166.      Where  Hampden  looked  for 
true   Religion.      In   the   two    Tellaments.      The    Proteftant 
Church  true.     Bible  alone  needful   to  Salvation.     Traditions 
and  luperllitions  devilifli.      The  Romiili  Church  falfe,  167. 
A  Creed  to   live    by  and  die  for.      Hampden's   change    of 
bearing.     Secrets  of  his    chara^er  revealed.      Waiting  his 
time.     Charges  by   Hyde  and  D'Ewes,    168.     *♦  Serpentine 
fubtlety."      Imperfea  and    prejudiced   Judgments.       What 
Hampden     really    was.       Admillions    of    Clarendon,     169. 
Higheft  power  of  Statefmanfliip.     A  leader  and  governor  of 
men,  170.     Change  in  Pym  as  well  as  Hampilen  after  accu- 
fation  of  Treafon,   170,  171.     All  thoughts  of  moderation 


XV 


PAGE 


4 


f 


gone.  No  compromife  poflible.  A  memorable  friendihip. 
Remark  to  Hyde.  Advantage  of  knowing  one's  friends,  171. 
Conference  with  the  Lords  demanded.  Impeachment  de- 
nounced as  a  fcandalous  paper,  172.  The  Whitehall  Guard 
an  interruption  to  free  debate.  Compofednefs  of  the  leaders 
of  the  Commons.  Gatherings  of  armed  Men  near  the  Houfe, 
173.  Pym  moves  a  deputation  to  City.  Deputation  departs. 
No  man  to  know  its  errand.  Alarm  ftill  increafmg.  Ad- 
journment for  an  hour,  174. 

Notes.  The  table  at  Whitehall  for  gentlemen  of  Inns  of  Court, 
A  violent  young  lawyer,  161.  What  made  Hampden's 
hurt  mortal,  168.  Clarendon's  chara6ier  of  Hampden  : 
Equal  to  anything,  170.  Pym  greateft  in  the  Houfe, 
171.  Hampden  and  Pym  as  to  *' difcretlon"  of  Mr. 
Hyde.  "  Snappiflinefs  "  of  Mr.  Hampden,  172.  Bifhops 
in  the  Tower,  173,  174, 

§  XVIII.     Betrayal  of  the  Secret.        .         .         .     175— 

Text.  A  momentous  interval.  Lady  Carlifle  betrays  all  to  Pym. 
Private  Meflage  from  Lord  Efl'ex.  Houfe  affembles  :  half-paft 
one,  175.  Report  from  Inns  of  Court.  Lincoln's  Inn. 
King's  meffage  to  be  in  readinefs  this  day  :  But  as  prompt  in 
loyalty  to  Commons.  Same  from  Gray's  Inn,  176.  From 
Inner  Temple  and  from  Middle  Temple,  176,  177.  The 
Houfe  fatiffied.  Armed  Crowds  gathering  nearer.  Re- 
entrance  of  the  Five  Members.  The  Secret  difclofed  to  the 
Houfe,  177.  Should  the  accufed  retire  or  remain  ?  A  new 
A6lor  on  the  Scene.  Lenthal  announces  King's  approach, 
178.  Leave  to  Five  Members  to  abfent  themfelves.  Away  to 
the  City  by  Water.     Strode  refifts,  and  is  dragged  out,  179. 

Notes,  Famous  Entry  in  Commons' Journals,  177.  Chronicler 
Heath,  178. 

§  XIX.    The  King's  Approach  to  the  House        .     179— 

Text.  The  King's  attendants,  179.  As  to  their  number  and 
arms.  Teftimony  of  Sir  Ralph  Verney :  of  Rufliworth :  of 
Ludlow  :  of  Thomas  May,  180.  Alfo  of  Mrs.  Hutchinfon, 
and  D'Ewes.  Clarendon  contradicts  all :  Relating  what  was 
"  vifible  to  all,"  181.  Slingftjy's  account  to  Pennington,  Gtk 
Jafi^^  181,  182.  Armed  Guards  at  Whitehall.  Terror 
and  trouble  of  the  Citizens,  182.  Slingfby  one  of  the  King's 
companions.  How  *'  innocently  "  armed.  Difmay  at  their 
approach.  Shops  ihut  up.  The  King  paffcs  through  Weft- 
minrter  Hall,  183.  Lobby  of  Houfe  of  Commons  fuddenly 
filled.  Armed  men  flill  prefs  from  without.  Charles  enters 
the  Houfe,  where  never  King  was  but  once,  184, 

Notes.  Reformadoes,  180.  Slingfby  defcribes  Impeachment. 
Members  fitting  in   Houfe  notwithllanding,  182. 


179 


184 


XVI 


Contents. 


Contents. 


XVll 


PAGE 

§  XX.     The  House  entered  by  the  King       .        .     184 — 595 

Text.     Voice  of  Charles  heard  as  he  enters,  184.      Armed  fol- 
lowers vifible  outfide.     Door  kept  forcibly  open.     Captain 
Hide  and  Lord  Roxborough,  185.  Members  rlie  and  uncover, 
A  crowd  of  bare  faces.     Charles  turns  to  a  well-known  Seat. 
Mifl'es    Mr.    Pym.     Paffes  up   to  Speaker's   Chair,  clofe  by 
D*Ewes's   feat.      Stands   on   ftcp   of  Lenthal's  chair,    186. 
Looks  long  before  he  fpeaks.    Break  in  narrative  of  D'Ewes. 
One  unmoved  Spe6^ator  of  the  Scene.     Young   Mr.  Ru(h- 
worth.    His  Report  and  Defcription   fent  for  by  the  King. 
Luportant  Corrections  made  therein,  187.     Copy  fo  corre6^ed 
in  State  Paper  Office  :   A  help  to  more  vivid  reproduction  of 
the  Scene.    The  King's  Speech  to  the  Houfe,  188.      Expe(51s 
Traitors  to  be  delivered  up  to  him,  189.    Are  the  Five  Mem- 
bers in  the  Houfe  ?     No  reply.     Nothing  will  be  well,  until 
Accufed  are  furrendered.      Nluil:  have  them.      Painful  hefita- 
tion  and  effort.      Addition  by  D'Ewes,  190.      Confirmation 
of    Rurtnvorth.      Enquiries    for    Pym   and    Hollis.     Reply. 
Looking  for  them  himl'elf.     Speaker  Lenthal's  Speech.    No 
eyes  or  tongue  but  as  the  Houfe's  Servant,  191.   Extraordinary 
Speech   for    an  Ordinary    man.        Another   greater  but    like 
example.     *'  Dreadful"  Silence.     The  King  confcious  of  his 
failure,    192.   His  birds  flown.       Protefts   he   never  intended 
force.       Means   to  maintain  the   concefTions   he  has  made. 
Experts  the  Five  will  be  fent  to  him.    Declares  their  Treafon 
foul,  193.     Leaves  the  Houfe:  in  anger,  but  not  amid  filence, 
193,  194,  195.      *'  Privilege  !   Privilege  !  "  fhouted  after  him. 
Partes  out,  through  files  of  armed  Adherents,  195. 

Notes.  Captain  Hide:  prominent  in  Weftminrter  tumults: 
cafliiered  and  re-appointed,  185.  Rufhworth's  report  of 
the  Speech  corrected  by  Charles,  18S.  Erafure  by  the 
King.  Enquiry  for  Pym  alfoeraied  by  King,  189.  Charles 
the  Firit's  Speech  at  his  Trial,  192.  Slinglby's  narrative 
of  outrage.  Siknce  of  Houfe  explained.  Charles  deter- 
mined to  have  the  Accufed.  Houfe  had  ftnt  to  City  for 
4000  men.  Shops  all  fhut.  Bere  to  Pennington,  6///  Jan. 
(1641-2),  194.   Uncertainty  as  to  flight  of  Members,  195. 

§  XXI.     Impression  produced  by  the  Outrage     ,     195 — 204 

Text.  Proceedings  in  Houfe  after  King's  departure.  Speech 
of  Hotham,  195.  Cries  for  adjournment.  Houfe  rifes  at 
3.30  p.  m.  D'Ewes  defcribes  the  King's  defign  :  to  have  raifcd 
a  confli6l  in  the  Houfe.  Details  of  the  plot,  196.  Armed 
defperadocs  not  to  be  rcftrained.  The  King's  perfon  in 
danger.  Strange  deliverance.  King's  approach  told  to 
Fiennes,  197,  Witlidrawal  of  the  members.  Oppofition 
of  Strode,  198,  199.  Will  feal  his  innocency  with  his 
blood.     Sir  Walter  Earle  pulls  him  out  by  the  cloak.     The 


^ 


Accufed  warned  at  dinner  hour  by  EflTex,  200.  Unimpaf- 
fioned  charader  of  D'Ewxs's  teftimony.  His  fenfe  of  danger 
marked  by  execution  of  his  Will  :  and  fetting  his  houfe  in 
order,  201.  Ifolation  of  D'Ewes  from  mere  party.  His 
precifion  and  fobriety.  Qjjeftion  of  the  King's  conduct. 
Could  have  had  but  one  purpofe,  202.  Not  the  a6l  but 
the  failure  unpardonable.  Succefs  narrowly  mirt!ed.  Under- 
Secretary  Bere's  dread  as  to  ultimate  refult.  Change  muft  be 
for  the  worfe.  Rumours  as  to  whereabouts  of  accufed,  203. 
Worfe  ftorms  on  land  than  at  fea.  Circumftances  well-known 
to  Under-Secretary.     His  fears  and  forebodings,  204. 

Notes.  Abrupt  entry  in  Journals  of  4/^  Jan.  (1641-2), 
196.  Identity  of  Strode  with  the  earlier  Strode  difputed. 
Reply  to  objections  made.  Original  impreflion  ftrength- 
ened,  not  weakened.  Ages  of  the  principal  men  of  the 
Commons.  Miftakes  of  Thomas  May,  198.  Contempt 
of  Royalifts  for  Strode.  Varieties  of  Royalift  flander,  199. 
Qj.ieftion  of  accommodation  with  the  King.  Parliament 
men  in  peril,  201.  An  Invitation  for  Chriftmas  de- 
clined, 204. 


page 


§  XXII.  Lord  Digby  and  Mr.  Hyde 


204 — 218 


Text.  Violent  and  recklefs  counfel.  Carrying  attempt  to  its 
iflue.  Digby's  propofal  :  to  feize  the  Five  Members  dead  or 
alive,  205.  Mifchief  let  loofe  by  King's  a<ft.  Rumours 
againtt  Briftol  and  Digby.  Small  comfort  for  the  Admiral. 
Suffering  on  waters,  fear  on  land,  206.  Jacob  and  Efau. 
Two  parties  out  of  Houfe  :  but  the  leaders  honeft,  and  only 
one  party  now  in  Houfe.  Sole  Rebels  in  England,  207.  Open 
and  fecret  enemies.  Caufe  for  this  digreflion.  Hyde  the 
King's  private  advifer  :  fupplies  fecret  papers  and  information, 
208.  Playing  double  and  falfe.  Betrays  the  Commons  to 
the  King,  209.  Complaint  of  the  King  againlt  Pym. 
Pym's  rejoinder.  Mertages  fent  before  voted.  Houfe 
warned  againft  treachery.  Letter  to  Pym,  210.  Able  mem- 
bers informed  againft.  King's  preparations.  Parliament  in 
danger.  Charge  aimed  at  Hyde,  211.  Self-defence  againft 
treachery.  Hyde  accufed  of  advlfing  Arreft  :  Suggeftion  of 
his  friends  not  to  defend  it,  212.  Alleged  fpeech  upon 
Impeachment:  Grofs  mifreprefentation  therein,  212,  213. 
Pretended  occafion  for  Speech.  Argument  of  Speech  :  no 
privilege  for  felony  or  treafon :  undifputed  by  Pym  and 
Hampden,  213.  Imputation  againft  Leaders  of  the  Com- 
mons. No  proof  exilting  that  the  Speech  was  fpoken,  214. 
Hyde  not  in  the  Houfe,  nor  at  Guildhall,  or  Grocers'  Hall, 
214,  215.  No  evidence  that  Hyde  took  part  in  debates  on 
arreft,  215.  Reafons  for  abfenting  himfelf.  His  help  more 
ufeful  elfewhere.  Appeal  to  force,  216.  Impreflion  to  be 
made  on  the  people,  218. 


XVlil 


Contents, 


PAGE 


Contents, 


% 


Notes.  Private  meetings  in  Hyde's  lodgings.  Sufpicions 
againll  him.  Hyde  rtiut  up  with  Charles,  209.  Incon- 
fiftency  in  Hyde's  MS,  215.  Hallam's  view  of  Impeach- 
ment, 216.  William  Lilly  as  to  arreft  of  Members.  Coft 
the  K'ng  his  Crown.  All  confidence  at  an  end.  A 
dinner  party  on  day  of  Arreft.  Belief  as  to  outrage  in- 
tended.     King's  obftinacy,  217. 

§  XXIII.     Sir  SiMONDs  D'EwES  AND  Speaker  Lenthal  218 — 251  jT 

Text.  Further  paufe  in  Narrative  required.  MS.  Diary  of 
D'Ewes,  218.  Illuftrations  to  be  drawn  from  it.  D'Ewes  a 
reliable  Witnefs.  Not  a  thorough  going  party  man,  219. 
Differences  with  Leaders.  Epithets  applied  to  popular  Chiefs. 
Why  more  tolerant  of  Pym :  Pym  more  tolerant  of  him,  220. 
Difcufllon  upon  Anfwers  to  a  Meftage.  Obje61ion  of 
Royalifts  :  D  Ewes  fupports  it.     Is  aflfailed  by  violent  fpirits, 

221.  Perfifts  in  fpite   of  them.     Receives  encouragement. 
Pym's  **  difcretion  and  modefty."     Adopts  the  amendment, 

222.  Mr.  Strode  lefs  civil :  fpcaks  thrice  and  gets  laughed 
at,  222,  223.  Good  humour  of  the  Houfe.  Moderation  of 
D'Ewes,  223.  Propofed  cenfure  of  Sir  Ralph  Hopton.  Pope 
foliciting  help  againft  Englifh  Parliament,  224.  Hopton's 
offence:  His expulfion  moved,  225.  D'Ewes'sfpeech  in  mitiga- 
tion. Interrupted  by  the  hot  fpirits.  Appeals  to  order.  His 
fuggeftion  adopted  by  Houfe,  226.  Makes  fimilar  obje6lion 
to  Hopton's  :  with  better  fuccefs.  D'Ewes's  love  for  moderate 
fpeech.  Another  Cale  for  Cenfure,  227.  Sir  Edward  Dering's 
publiflied  Speeches.  D'Ewes's  indignation  thereat.  Would 
have  Dering  expelled.  Denounces  his  vainglorious  Preface, 
228.  Dering's  attack  upon  the  Houfe.  Mr.  O.  C.  libelled. 
Mr.  Speaker  compliments  D'Ewes,  229.  Obje^lion  to  fup- 
preflion  of  a  Book:  will  raife  its  value  from  fourteen  pence  to 
fourteen  fhillings.  Dering  expelled,  and  his  Book  burnt,  229, 
230.  Suggeftion  from  Mr.  Oliver  Cromwell:  Will  D'Ewes 
anfwer  Dering  ?  230.  D'Ewes  declines:  has  better  things  to 
do.  Might  not  Mr.  Cromwell  do  it  >  Other  proofs  of 
D'Ewes's  accuracy.  Originality  of  his  Journal,  231.  Hollis 
would  alter  a  meffage  voted.  Meffage  already  printed.  Who 
copies  nightly  from  Clerk's  Journals  ?  Falkland  and  two 
others,  232.  But  not  D'Ewes:  he  reports  "  out  of  his  head," 
never  at  fecond  hand,  232,  233.  Clerk  Elfyng's  Apologies. 
A  delicate  matter  difcufTed.  Note-taking  inleparable  from 
Speech-making.  Relations  of  D'Ewes  to  Lenthal,  233.  His 
authority  in  precedents:  Critic  and  Patron  of  Mr.  Speaker. 
WeaknefTes  of  Lenthal.  Self-furrender  of  his  only  claim  to 
refpe61.  A  Witnefs  againft  Scot  the  Regicide,  234.  A 
Time-ferver  always.  Traits  and  incidents  from  D'Ewes's 
diary.     Q^ieftion  of  Privilege,  235.     Hafelrig  and  Lenthal. 


f 


Attack  on  Mr.  Speaker.  D'Ewes  rebukes  Hafelrig.  Lenthal 
out  of  order,  236.  Sugar  duties'  debate.  Members  entering 
juft  before  Queftion  put.  Not  to  withdraw.  Extraordinary 
proceeding  of  Mr.  Speaker.  Lenthal  again  at  fault,  237. 
An  Honourable  Member  interrupted.  Honourable  Member 
retorts.  Mr.  Speaker  fuccumbs.  D'Ewes's  indignation.  Len- 
thal's deficiencies  as  Speaker,  238.  A  Letter  from  the  King. 
D'Ewes  the  great  authority  as  to  Order :  Compofer  of  difcords 
in  debate.  Heat  of  ancient  Burgefs  for  Coventry,  239. 
Fierce  and  unparliamentary  looks.  D'Ewes's  opinion  thereon'. 
Ancient  member  again.  Vote  for  allegiance  to  Parliamentary 
General :  difiiked  by  D'Ewes,  240.  Burgefs  for  Coventry 
required  to  fay  Aye:  fays  No.  Aflailed  by  Mr.  Speaker. 
Wifties  to  fay  Aje :  but  not  permitted.  Other  members 
frightened,  241.  Sir  Peter  Wentworth  cannot  truft  the  King. 
Chancellor  of  Exchequer's  horror.  Houfe  overlooks  this 
"folly."  Old  Sir  Harry  Vane.  Startling  Speeches.  Sir 
John  Northcote's  avowal,  242.  "  Make  the  Prince  our 
Km^/'  Old  Vane  declares  for  Militia  and  <*  new  founda- 
tion, '  243.  Harry  Killegrew's  Speech.  Novel  Political 
Doftrine.  Houfe  laughs.  Young  Vane  very  ferious.  Kille- 
grew's apology.  Pym  refifts  his  expulfion,  244.  An  indif- 
creet  friend.  D'Ewes  goes  in  fearch  of  Records.  Expofes 
Cornifti  ignorance.  Is  merciful  in  triumph,  245.  Attempts 
to  force  early  attendance.  Alarming  time  when  firft  found 
neceflkry.  Tragi-comedy  of  the  World,  246.  Houfe  in  fad- 
nefs  :  Suddenly  moved  to  laughter.  The  Shilling  Fine.  A 
failure.  Shilling  Fine  again  propofed.  D'Ewes  oppofed  to  it, 
247.  Mr.  Speaker  late:  rebuked:  throws  his  ftiilling  on 
table  :  will  not  take  it  up  again,  248.  Ill  refults  of  the  Fine. 
Refufals  to  pay.  Jack  Hotham  ordered  to  pay.  Flings  his 
fhilling  on  ground,  249.  Beginning  of  the  End.  Call  of 
Houfe  attempted.  Not  forty  members  prefent,  250.  A 
Stranger  in  the  Houfe.  How  dealt  with.  Refumption  of 
Narrative.     Why  interrupted,  251. 

Notes.  D'Ewes's  deteaion  of  forged  fignatures  to  a  Royalift 
Petition,  2 19.  Withdrawing  for  fupper,  223.  Kingaccufed 
of  Popifti  defigns.  Too  many  grounds  for  fuch  imputa- 
tion. Englifti  Politics  at  Rome.  Letter  to  Hyde  from 
brother-in-law,  224.  The  Pope's  Nephew :  Says  he  has  not 
fomented  Englifti  troubles.  His  *<intereft"  in  Pym  and 
Hampden,  225.  Remarkable  entry  in  Journal.  Genc- 
rofity  of  Houfe  to  Strafford's  fon,  227.  Contraft  to 
Lenthal,  234.  Northumberland  true  to  old  friends.  An 
example  profitable  to  Kings,  235.  D'Ewes  avoids  Chair 
of  Committee,  239.  Miflortune  to  Royal  Standard,  240. 
Occafion  of  Northcote's  Speech.  Anecdote  of  Killegrew. 
Will  **  find  "  a  good  caufe,  243.     A  reprimand,  245. 


XIX 


PAGE 


\ 
\ 


XX 


Contents. 


PAGE 

§  XXIV.     Appeal  to  the  City         ....    251—258 

^ext,     Mr.  Rufh worth  fent  for  by  the  King,  251.     Report  of 
his  Majefty's  Speech  demanded.       Mr.  Ru(hvvorth's  humble 
excufes.      King's  fharp  rejoinder.     Speech  tranfcrlbed  from 
Notes,  in  King's  prefence.    Sent  to  prefs,  252.    Proclamation 
againil  Five  Members.      Ports   clofed  againft  their  efcape. 
Their  place  of  refuge.     City  of  London.     Merchants'  home 
as  well  as  place  of  bufinefs,  253.     Its  palaces  and  privileges. 
Sources  of  its  power,  254.     Its  complete  and  organized  de- 
mocracy.    Its  incredible  enrichment  by  trade.     Clarendon  s 
lament,  255.     City  difaffeaed  to  Court.     Well  affefted    to 
Commons.     Services  in  the  War.     Excitement  on  night  of 
the  Arreft,'256.    "  Cavaliers  coming."    Apprehended  feizure 
of  arms,  257.     King's  Meflage  to  the  Lord  Mayor.     War- 
rants againft  accufed,  258. 
Notes.     Lord  Mayor's  letter  to  Aldermen.    Military  organiza- 
tion of  City.    Inlhuaions  for  Watch  and  Ward.    Perlonal 
fervice  required  from  Aldermen,  254.     Fortifications  of 
the    City   Walls,    255.       Attacks    on  City    in    Royalift 
Satires,  256.    City  (hops  all  fhut.     Rough  draft  of  Royal 
Warrant.      Ordnance    fafely   difpofcd.       Houfes   to    be 
fearched    for   muikets.      PoiTeflbrs   of    fire-arms   to    be 
examined,  257. 

§  XXV.     The  King's  reception  in  Guildhall       .     258—263 

Text.  An  important  day  for  Charles  I.,  258.  His  laft  ftake 
for  good  will  of  City.  His  confidence  ftill  unabated.  Grounds 
for  fuch  falfe  reliance.  Prefent  fupporters  and  old  traditions, 
259.  Reception  on  his  way.  Caution  to  be  wary  of  Speech. 
Forced  mildnefs.  Captain  Slingfby  an  eye  and  ear  witnefs. 
"  Privilege  !  Privilege  !"  "To  your  tents,  O  Ifrael  !"  260. 
Arrival  at  Guildhall.  King's  Speech.  Refolved  to  have  the 
Five  Members.  Reliance  on  the  City's  good  will.  Will 
redrefs  grievances  and  refpeft  privileges:  but  muft  queftion 
Traitors,  261.  Juftifies  Whitehall  Guard.  Offers  to  dine 
with  liberal  Sheriff.  **  Privileges  of  Parliament,"  and  ''  God 
blefs  the  King."  Has  any  one  anything  to  fay  ?  Yes  :  we 
vote  you  hear  your  Parliament,  262.  No  :  that  is  not  our 
vote.  A  bold  fellow  on  a  form.  Rejoinder  for  him.  "Trial 
—trial !  "    King  dines  with  Sheriff.     "  Trial— trial !  "263. 

Notes,     King's  Speech   at  Guildhall,  258.     Affurances  as  to 
religion.     Dinner  at  Sheriff's,  259. 

§  XXVI.    Humiliation  and  Revenge        .        .        .    264—271 

Text.  Incidents  of  the  return  to  Whitehall.  WIfeman  to  Pen- 
nington, 6th  Jan.  News  of  the  Week,  264.  Fears  of  Infur- 
reaion.    Accufed  keeping  out  qf  way.    Efforts  to  conciliate. 


Contents, 


Gentlenefs  of  King's  voice.  Firmnefs  of  his  purpofe.  Muft 
bring  Traitors  to  Trial,  265.  Dinner  at  Sheriff  Garrett's. 
Shouts  againft  the  King.  Glad  to  get  home.  Why  Commons 
left  Weftminfter.  Expeaatlon  of  Bloodfhed.  Doubts  which 
party  ftrongeft,  266.  Retrofpea.  More  P.C.s  made.  God 
preferve  His  Majefty  !  Meffage  from  Mrs.  Wifeman.  A  worfe 
trial  for  Charles.  Vifit  from  Common  Council,  267.  Their 
advice  :  Confult  with  your  Parliament :  Leave  Tower  alone : 
Difperfe  Whitehall  Guard  :  Abandon  Impeachment,  268. 
King's  firft  aa  on  return  from  City.  New  Proclamation 
againft  the  Members !  Rough  Draft  in  King's  hand. 
Kimbolton  omitted.  Inftruaions  to  Secretary  Nicholas,  269. 
The  guilty  have  efcaped.  Injunaion  tofeizethem.  Warning 
againfi  harbouring  them.  The  City  threatened.  Solely  the 
King's  aa,  270.  Hopelefs  and  recklefs  perfiftence.  Repent- 
ance of  Nicholas.  Charles  direas  even  Printing  of  Proclama- 
tion, 271. 

Notes.  Bere  to  Pennington  :  Sth  Jan.  Cries  in  City,  264. 
Anecdote  told  by  Silngftjy,  268.  King's  inftructlons  to 
Printer,  271. 


XXI 


page 


¥ 


§  XXVII.     Reassembling  of  the  Commons 


271 — 281 


6 


Text.     Wednefday   ^^h  Jan.  j6^\-z,     Yefterday's  agitation  not 
fubfided,  271.     Watches  fent  out:    260  Members  prefent: 
90  of  the  King's  party.    Member  for  Colchefter  leads  Debate. 
Grimfton's  Speech.     Its  fcope  and  value,  272.     Expofition 
of  the  Power  of  Parliament.     Why  fo  awfully  predominant? 
Becaufe  it  punlfhes  evil  doers  :  comforts  the  oppreffed  :  and 
ft  rips  the  wicked  of  place,  273.     Late  outrage  due  to  evil 
counfellors.      Offences    charged.     Condua   in   Parliament. 
Right  to  fpeak  freely.     Title  not  to  have  votes  queftloned  : 
whether  on  Bills  of  Attainder  or  others  :  or  In  drawing  up  Re- 
monftrances,  274.    Conclufion.   Members  accufed  for  condua 
in  Houfe  :   Lodgings  entered  and  papers  fclzed :  a  breach  of 
privilege.     Motion  upon   Grimfton's   Speech.     Oppofed  by 
Hopton.    Excufes  for  the  King.    Committee  to  prepare  Refo- 
lution,  275 .    They  retire :  nothing  to  be  done  till  their  return. 
They  return  In  a  quarter  of  an  hour:  with  a  Relblutlon  written 
before  we  met,  276.     D'Ewes  not  in  confidence  of  Leaders  j 
but  his  account  truftworthy,  276,  277.     Glyn's  declaratory 
Refolutlon.    Propofed  Adjournment :  Grand    Committee  to 
fit  in  the  City.     Warm  Debate  thereon.     Sir  Ralph  Hopton, 
277.   Did  not  we  give  firft  provocation  ?    And  how  gracious 
the  King's  Speech  !     Oppofes  Committee  and  Adjournment. 
"Grand"  Committee  altered  to  "  Seka."     Adjourn  till  to- 
morrow at  9  o'clock,    278.     Divifion  upon  going  Into  City, 
170  againft  86.    Seleaion  of  the  Committee.    All  who  come 
to  have  voices,  279.    Its  duties.    Comprifes  feveral  Royallfts. 
Names  on  Committee.  Hyde,  St.  John,  and  Cromwell  abfcnt 


XXll 


Contents, 


from  It,  280.  Motion  by  Lord  LIfle.  Irlfh  Affairs.  Sharp 
Debate  led  by  Fiennes.  Meffage  to  Lords.  Abrupt  rifing  of 
Houfe,  281. 

Divifion  as  to  Duke  of  Richmond.     One  of  D'E\ves*s 


PAGB 


Notes. 


young      men,  279. 


§  XXVIII.    A  Sudden  Panic 281—289 

Text.     Armed  men  marching  upon  us.     Sir  John   Clotvvorthy 
perfills  with  Refolutions.     Voted  without  being  read.      Dif- 
orderly  Adjournment.     Reafons  for  the  fright,  282.     Other 
Members  to  be  accufed  and  feized.    City  only  had  prevented  it. 
Alarm  of  the  King.    Change  of  purpofe.    Refults  of  4///  Jan. 
Darkeft  Rumours  thought  true,  283.  Scottifti  *<  incident :"  284. 
Irifh  rebellion:  and  army  plot:  King'sfhare  therein,  285,  286. 
Confequences  of  outrage  worfe  than  itfelf   BelieF  obtained  for 
groHTeit  Charges.    Captain  Carterett's  fears.    Mr.  Wifeman's. 
Obedience  polfoned,  287.      Powers  of  the  State  In  conflia. 
Specific    caufes   of  Alarm.       Digby's    plan    for     fecuring 
Members.     King  withholds  Confent.   Clarendon's  own  plan  : 
To  feize  and  throw  them  into  feparate  Prifons,  288. 
Notes.     Offer  of  Montrofe  to  kill  Argyle  and  Hamilton.    Mr. 
Napier's  difproof  quite  untenable.     Text  of  Clarendon. 
Edition  of  1826.    DIfclofed  Author's  plan.   Hiftory  com- 
pofed  of  two  MSS.     Secretary's  tranfcript.     Altered  and 
corrupted  by  Author's  Sons,  284.    Reftorations.  Scaffold- 
ings of  a  book.     Later  and  earlier  Verfions  of  fame  events. 
The  Montrofe  charge,  the  later  Verfion.     Intended  lb  to 
ftand.  Imnoffible  not  to  print  it:  Reluftanceof  firft  Editors, 
285.  Additions  in  1826  not  to  be  confufed  with  Reftora- 
tions, 285,  286.    Two  kinds  :  weight  refpe<5Hvely  due  to 
each.     Montrofe  charge  Intended.     The    King   its  au- 
thority.    V^hy  firft  Verfion  of  it  changed,  286. 

§  XXIX.  How  History  may  be  written  .  .  289—294 
Text.  Faithleflhefs  of  Clarendon.  Unfafe  guide.  Comparlfon 
with  D'Ewes,  Verney,  and  Ruftiworth,  289.  Statement  by 
Clarendon.  Alleged  tone  of  Members' Friends,  290.  Affefted 
fears  and  griefs.  Propofal  to  adjourn  Parliament.  King's 
wiih  to  get  Parliament  away  from  London.  Appointment  of 
Committee.  Royalirts  filent,  291.  Three  King's  Advlfers  :  too 
dejefted  to  fpeak.  Clarendon's  Account  fummed  up.  Five 
fpecific  Statements,  all  untrue.  Confronted  with  D'Ewes, 
Verney,  and  Rufliworth,  292.  Never  propofed  to  adjourn 
Parliament.  Limit  of  ftay  in  City  fpeclfied.  Merchant  Tailors* 
Hall  not  named.  Royalifts  not  filent.  Culpeper  and  Falkland 
on  Committee,  293. 

Notes.     Verney's   account  of   Sitting    of   5th.     Rufh worth's 
Account.     Adjournment  to  City,  290. 


Contents. 


xxni 


§  XXX.     Adjournment  and  Suspense 


t 


PAGE 
.  .  .      294 — 300 

Text,  Mafter-ftroke  of  meeting  in  the  City.  Neceffity  of  fuf- 
pendlng  Weftmlnfter  Sittings.  Policy  of  appealing  to  Citi- 
zens. Alleged  abfence  of  danger,  294.  Fears  pretended . 
to  get  help  from  **  darling"  City.  But  what  fay  private 
letters  in  State  Paper  Office .'  Serious  alarm  at  impeach- 
ment. Fate  of  Members  in  balance.  Wifeman's  view 
295.  The  Under  Secretary's.  Captain  Carterett's,  7///  Jan. 
Gives  no  opinion,  but  ftates  the  faft.  Vote  of  Houfe  for  the 
Accufed.  Serjeant  Dandle  gone  to  feize  them,  296.  Attacked 
by  the  People.  Obftlnate  refolve  of  the  King.  Thomas 
Smith  to  Pennington,  7t/i  Jan.  Prote<!^ion  of  Accufed 
agalnft  King,  297.  King  will  ufe  force.  City  refolved  to 
refift.  "God  help  us!"  Slingfby  to  Pennington,  6tA 
Jan.  M.P.s  difcourfing  of  adjournment  to  City.  Many 
refufe  to  go,  298.  Fear  to  be  thought  **  Acceffories,'* 
Threats  If  Accufed  not  given  up.  Royalifts  begin  to  favour 
Irifh.  Pym's  heavieft  charge  proved  true,  299.  Sympathy 
with  Irifh  Rebellion,  300. 

Notes.     Holborne's  Argument,  299. 


§  XXXI.     Commons'  Committee  at  Guildhall 


300 — 316 


Text.  Thurfday  morning,  6t/i  Jan.  No  exifting  report  of 
proceedings.  Slight  notices  In  Rufhworth  and  Verney,  300. 
Confufions  of  Clarendon.  A  regular  record  by  D'Ewes. 
Where  the  Committee  fat.  Welcomeof  the  Citizens.  Military 
Guard  in  attendance,  301.  City  Hofpitalltles.  "Great  cheer.'' 
Firft  matter  debated.  Searching  Lodgings  and  fealing  up 
Papers.  IfTuIng  illegal  warrants,  302.  Attorney-General^ 
Proceedings  firft  queftioned.  Motion  to  fend  for  Warrants. 
Refifted  by  D'Ewes.  Speech  by  him,  303.  Explains  privi- 
leges agalnft  arreft.  Final,  and  temporary.  Why  fuch  dlf- 
tindion.  When  the  Houfe  to  judge  as  to  fad  and  penalty, 
304.  When  as  to  fa6l  only.  Otherwife  Houfe  might  be 
thinned  at  pleafure.  Yet  Members  guilty  to  be  furrendered. 
Examples  given.  "  Well  moved,"  305.  Fair  and  juft  temper 
of  Committee.  No  defire  to  be  irrefponfible,  306.  D'Ewes 
refumes.  As  to  cafes  where  Lords  join.  Privileges  claimed 
by  both  Houfes.  Impeachment  by  Lower  Houfe  :  compels 
furrender  of  the  perfon.  Malice  not  prefumable,  307. 
Conclufion  by  D'Ewes.  Loud  acclamation.  Glyn's  Speech  : 
aimed  at  fuch  counfels  as  Hyde's.  Private  Informers  of  the 
King,  308.  Spies  in  the  Houfe.  Manlfeft  breach  of  privi- 
lege. Glyn  has  taken  leaderftiip.  Chiefs  under  him,  309. 
D  Ewes's  Argument  on  Privilege.  A  firm  pofition.  More 
than  one  queftlon  at  Iffue.  Clarendon's  evafion,  310.  Not 
one,  but  many  breaches  of  law.  King  powerlefs  to  arreft,  311. 
Each  ftep  an  outrage.     Subje6t  may  do  what  King  cannot.  ' 


\ 


XXIV 


Contents. 


PAG] 


Shame  of  Attorney- General.       Makes  apology  through  a 
Friend,  312.     Apology  not  believed.     Mr.  Strode's  remark 
thereon.     Debate  as  to  warrants  continued.   Sound  principles 
ftatcd.     No  difference  of  opinion,  313.     Difpute  ot  D'Evves 
with  Wilde.    Wrong  iffue  fuggefted.    Correaed  by  D'Ewes. 
Lords  to  iffue  Warrants.    How  to  make  a  right  thing  wrong, 
314.      D'Ewes's  vi6^ory  over  Wilde.     Good  fenfe  of  Com- 
mittee. Rcfolutions  voted.  Againft  Warrants  :  againft  perfons 
arrefting  under  them.      Young  Vane  rifes,  315.     Offers  wife 
fuggeftion.  Guard  againft  claiming  privilege  for  Crime.  Sub- 
committee to  draw  provifo.    Vane's  claufe  voted  and  printed. 
Adjourn  to  Grocers'  Hall,  316. 
Notes.    Why  applaud  D'Ewes  and  obje6l  to  Hyde  ?  305,  306. 
Anfwer  fuggefted.     Doggrel  **  Five  Members'  March," 
306.     Juft  opinions  as  to  Arreft.     Smith  to  Pennington, 
^th  Jan.     King  not  to  accufe  Subje61s,  311.     Difcon- 
tent  with  the  King,  312. 


Contents. 


§  XXXIV.     First  Sitting  at  Grocers'  Hall 


XXV 

PAGE 
326  —  333 


^ 


§  XXXII.     Facts  and  Fictions 


316- 


Text.  Clarendon  Fi6iions.  Alleged  reftri6lion  of  Votes.  Con- 
current fittings  of  Hnufe.  Hyde's  afferted  fpeech.  Pretended 
references  to  Houfe  itfelf,  317.  Houfe  confirming  votes  of 
Committee.  All  done  during  Five  Members'  Abfence. 
Reply.  Votes  not  fo  reftrl6led.  Houfe  itfelf  not  fitting.  Hyde 
not  Speaking,  318.  No  Short  Sittings.  Journals  fupport 
D'Ewes.  Evidence  of  publifhed  Declaration.  As  to  War- 
rants: King  povvcrlefs  to  iffue  them,  319.  As  to  Arreft: 
King  difabfed  from  effe6ling  it,  319,  320.  As  to  claim  ot 
privilege  :  Not  defired  to  bar  a  juft  charge.  Readinefs  to 
bring  guilty  to  Trial. 

§  XXXIII.     Agitation  in  the  City         .         .         .     320— 

Text.  Thurfday  night,  Gth  Jar^.,  320.  Change  in  the  People. 
Difpofed  to  any  undertaking,  321.  Sudden  alarm  at  Ludgate. 
Threatened  attack  on  Coleman  Street.  The  Digby  Plot. 
Lunftord  in  it,  322.  City  in  Arms.  140,000  men  with 
weapons.  Panic  continues.  Women  in  terror.  Exertions  of 
Lord  Mayor,  323.  Streets  cleired.  City  again  quiet.  Thanks 
of  Council  to  Lord  Mayor,  32.^.  Ill-timed  defiance.  Troop 
raifed  by  Royalift  Squire,  325.   Tendency  to  undue  fears,  326. 

Notes.  Evidence  of  Clarendon.  Tribunes  exalted.  Court 
reduced.  All  flanders  believed,  321.  Speech  of  Stapleton. 
Lunfford's  bragging,  322.  Order  from  Council,  Saturday 
%th  Jan.  Members  for  City  odious  to  Court.  Swearing 
in  of  Falkland.  Tumult  of  Thurfday  noticed.  Its  authors 
muft  be  punlftied,  324.  Certain  perfons  (M.P.s)  over 
earneft.  Find  out  authors  of  Alarm.  Give  up  their 
Names,  325. 


Text.  Friday  jtk  Jan.  Witneffes  as  to  Outrage  of  4/^.  Ab- 
ftraft  of  their  Evidence,  326.  Concerted  plan.  Signal  to  be 
given.  Difappointment.  Neceffity  of  forcing  Commons  to 
obey  King.  Signal  only  wanted.  Forcibly  keeping  open 
door  of  Houfe,  327.  Counting  numbers.  Ingenuous  Con- 
fefiSon.  An  important  Witnefs  :  At  Whitehall  the  previous 
Friday.  What  Lieut.  Jenkin  faid.  Again  at  Whitehall  on 
the  ^th.  Previous  intelligence  of  King's  defign,  328. 
Paffes  over  roof  to  efcape  Crowds.  Knew  of  coming 
trouble  three  weeks  ago.  Impreffion  made  on  D'Ewes. 
Satiflfied  as  to  purpofe  aimed  at :  to  find  excufe  for  armed  con- 
flict with  Houfe.  Moves  and  carries  vote  to  that  effe6l,  329. 
Sheriffs  of  London  in  attendance.  Alked  as  to  Warrants.  One 
replies,  the  other  refufes.  Difference  between  Wilde  and 
D'Ewes.  Don't  fhout  "Aye"  or  **  No,"  but  refle6l  and 
confider,  330.  Againft  calling  in  Warrants.  Difcreet  tone 
as  to  the  King.  Refpeft  ftill  due.  Touch  of  humour.  An 
ill  choice,  331.  Call  in  Sheriffs  and  difmifs  them.  Suggeftion 
adopted.  Motion  that  Five  Members  attend  Committee : 
diflikcd  by  D'Ewes:  carried.  King  meets  the  challenge,  332. 
Frefti  Proclamation  againft  accufed.     Unwife  courfe,  333. 


§  XXXV.     Second  Sitting  at  Grocers'  Hall. 


333—338 


-526 


Text.  Saturday  %th  Jan.  Reply  of  Houfe  to  King's  Pro- 
clamation, 333.  Open  defiance  of  the  Sovereign.  Alarming 
News.  Step  taken  thereon.  Guard  ordered  for  the  Tower, 
334.  Selection  of  Commanding  Officer:  Major-General 
Skippon  :  character  and  fervices,  335.  Named  chief  of  City 
Militia.  How  Authority  comes  into  being  :  attends  upon 
Neceffity.  Order  for  pojfe  comitatus.  No  fuch  Guard  needed, 
336.  Committee  ignorant  of  their  power.  Triumph  pre- 
paring. Members  to  be  borne  back  by  the  People.  Propofal 
of  King  to  attend  Committee.  Its  reception,  337.  Due  re- 
fpec^  to  be  paid.  Way  to  be  made  for  King  and  Nobles,  338. 

Notes.  Importance  of  the  Tower.  Security  to  Merchants. 
Pym's  Great  Speech  to  the  Lords,  334.  Effe6l  of  political 
troubles  on  trade.  Defence  of  the  Commons,  335. 
Skippon  and  his  Soldiers.   Liking  for  Short  Speeches,  336. 


§  XXXVI.    Sunday  the  Ninth  of  January 


338—339 


Text.  Vifitors  in  City  Streets  and  Chapels.  Strangers  meeting 
as  Friends.  Petitioners  for  Pym,  338.  Petitioners  for  Hamp- 
den. Savoury  Difcourfes.  122nd  Pfalm.  Text  preached 
from,  339. 


{ 


XXVI 


Contents, 


PAGE 

§  XXXVII.     Preparations  for  the  Triumph  .     34.0 — 356 

Text.  Monday  loth  Jan.  Laft  Sitting  In  Grocers*  Hall.  Crowds 
aflembled.  Speeches  of  Glyn  and  Alderman  Pennington. 
Sufpe^led  tamperings  at  the  Tower,  340.  Evidence  of 
danger.  *^  Cavaliers."  Sub-committee  appointed,  and  Byron 
fummoned.  Motion  againft  Killegrew  and  Fleming,  341. 
Moderation  of  Committee.  Violent  Language  difliked. 
Refolutions  modified  and  paflfed  :  Againft  agents  on  'i^rd  and 
4i/r,  342.  Againft  evil  Counfellors  :  againft  Proclamations 
ifTued  ;  againft  warrants  under  King's  hand,  343.  Speech  by 
Maynard:  his  fellovvftiip  with  Glyn.  Remembered  at  the 
Reftoration,  344.  His  prefent  view  of  Parliaments:  their  pri- 
vileges :  the  attempted  arreft:  and  the  unlawful  feizures,  345. 
All  public  bufinels  in  peril.  **  Well  Moved."  Lords  and 
Bifliops  uncontrolled.  Men  of  Spirit  difabled,  346.  Agitation 
outfide.  Petition  of  Sailors.  Services  of  Mariners  accepted. 
To  meet  at  3  next  morning:  at  the  Hermitage,  347.  The 
**  Water  rats."  The  Five  Members  approach.  Enter  and  take 
feats.  Greeting.  Offers  from  the  Common  People,  348. 
Thanked  by  Committee.  Offers  from  Southwark  Trained 
Bands.  Accepted  and  told  to  be  in  Arms,  349.  Proteftion 
of  Sub-Committee.  Arrangements  for  Tuefday's  Guard. 
Irrevocable  Step.  Raifing  troops  without  CommifTion,  350. 
Refolutions  voted.  ifl  znd  ird  ^t/i  5///,  351.  Gth  to 
12M,  352.  Hampden  Speaks.  Will  you  receive  my  Con- 
flltuents  ?  4000  from  Bucks.  Better  go  back.?  353.  No, 
wc  will  hear  them.  War  beginning.  Hampden's  attitude 
and  bearing.  Laft  a6>s  of  Committee,  354.  Captain  Hide 
difabled.  Refufal  to  receive  Sir  John  Byron's  Meffenger, 
355.      3  p.m.    10th  Jan.     Committee  clofed,  356. 

Notes.  Verney's  Notes,  343.  Mr.  Pepys's  Political  Rogues. 
Popular  View  of  them,  344.  D'Ewes  more  corre<5l  than 
Ruftiworth,  347.  Harleian  MSS,  349.  Verney's  Miftakes. 
The  Proteftation,  351.  What  number  from  Bucks: 
Hyde,  Dering,  Rufluvorth,  and  D'Ewes,  353.  Whitelock 
on  fame  fubjeil,  354.  Hampden's  (hare  in  Bucks  Petition. 
Falfe  Charge.  Captain  Hide.  New  Lieutenant  of  the 
Tower,  355.    Confefted  ufurpations.  Why  neceflary,  356. 

§  XXXVIII.     Flight  of  the  King    ....     356—369 

Text.  3  p.m.  loth  Jan^-,  propofcd  Flight  of  King.  A6ls 
of  Committee  told  to  Charles,  356.  His  trouble  and  difmay. 
Takes  fudden  refolve.  Crowds  for  Hampden.  For  Pym,  357. 
Alarming  defeflions,  358.  *' Water  rats."  Trained  Bands. 
Triumph  for  ''Traitors."  Sudden  fenfe  of  Danger.  Sir 
Edward  Dering  to  his  Wife.  Commons  going  high.  King's 
*' terror."  Pity  for  the  King,  359.  Noted  vices  Tefs  danger- 
ous than  fecret.     Reafon    for   quitting   London.     Hope  of 


f '' 


Contents, 


XXVI  i 


fupport  elfewhere.  Project  of  the  Queen.  Vigilance  of  Com- 
mons, 360.  Secret  Service  of  Pennington.  Conveys  Queen 
to  Holland.  Under-Secretary  Bere  to  the  Admiral,  13^// 
Jan.  Reports  King's  flight.  Eflex  and  Holland,  361. 
Secretary  Nicholas,  362.  Small  Work  left  for  Under-Secre- 
tary. Grief  of  a  Secretary  of  State's  Wife.  Lord  Keeper 
offers  to  refign,  363.  Royal  Reverfes,  364.  Gloomy  picture, 
365.  Slingftjy  to  Pennington.  Unexpected  change  of  pofition. 
Officers  following  the  King.  Lunfford  at  Kingfton,  366. 
*<  Drunken  flourifti."  Sufpicious  Aftbciations.  Digby  and 
Lunfford,  367.  RejeCted  Plan  againft  Five  Members.  Queen's 
reproach  to  King  for  its  reje6lion.  Charles  I.  quits  London: 
never  to  return  as  King,  368.  The  Five  placed  on  their 
"thrones,"  369. 

Notes.  Popular  Petition.  Pym's  fupport  of  Law.  Author  of 
the  Long  Parliament,  357.  Attacks  on  Pym.  "Not  a 
Gentleman  or  Scholar."  "Rogue  and  Rafcal."  "Peni- 
tent Traitor,"  358.  Refufals  to  accompany  the  King. 
Waiting  on  Committee.  Final  Defertions.  Libel  on 
EfTex,  Holland,  Warwick,  and  Pym,  362.  D'Ewes  and 
Lord  Holland.  King's  flight  not  temporary.  Union  in 
Houfes,  363.  Literary  Entertainment.  Letters  not  fafe. 
Defolate  Court  at  Windlbr.  Endymion  Porter  to  his 
Wife  :  \^h  Jan.  Very  old  ftory,  364.  Troubles 
of  a  Courtier.  Fear  of  "  Rabble."  King  and  Queen 
lying  with  their  Children.  Defperate  times.  King's 
poverty.  Slingfby  and  Pepys,  365.  Captain  Carterett, 
366.  Agreement  in  Houfes.  One  exception.  Fa6lion 
fubflding,  367.  Guizot's  Revolution  d' Angleterre,  and 
Englifh  Tranflation  of  fame,  368,  369. 


page 


4 


§  XXXIX.     Return  of  the  Five  Members      .         .     369 376 

Text.  Tuefday  wth  Jan.  March  of  City  by  Land.  Guard 
by  Water.  Great  Feftival.  No  mere  Holiday,  369.  Soldiers* 
pikes  and  mufkets:  carrying  printed  Votes  of  Houfes.  Em- 
barkation at  "Three  Cranes."  Under-Secretary's  Account, 
370.  Welcome  at  Weftminfter.  Entrance  into  Houfe.  Pym 
thanks  the  City.  Striking  expreffions  ufed,  371.  Imprefhon 
made  on  Royalift  Member.  Would  you  be  King  Charles  or 
King  Pym  ?  Letter  of  Sir  Edward  Dering.  Guard  againft  no 
Enemy.  Members  thought  ftill  in  danger,  372.  Why  Bucks 
Men  came.  Thanks  by  Mr.  Speaker.  Speech  by  Goodwin, 
373.  Bucks  Petition  brought  in.  Its  Guard  of  6000. 
Crowd  and  prefl!ure  in  Lobby.  D'Ewes  in  Weftminfter  Hall. 
"Little  fquare  banners,"  374.  Departure  of  King  noted. 
Queftion  by  Culpeper.  Queftion  by  Sir  Henry  Chomley. 
Anfvvered  by  Denzil  HolTis.  Clofe  of  Narrative,  375. 
Queftions  not  fettled  in  one  Generation.  Struggle  of  Com- 
mons againft  Crown  :  why  fucceffful,  376. 


XXVllI 


Contents. 


PAGE 

}^otes.  What  Clarendon  faw,  370.  Bere  to  Pennington, 
13M  Jar^y  371.  Bucks  Petition  to  the  Houle.  Views 
held  by  Hampden.  Petition  to  King,  373-  Other 
Counties  petition  the  King,  374. 

§  XL.     Conclusion 376— 3S7 

Text.  Arreft  of  Members  a  deliberate  Aa.  How  baffled.  Only 
to  be  met  one  way,  376.  The  Civil  War  begun  by  it.  Its 
conneaion  with  Remonftrance.  Defign  of  Remonftrance. 
Obje6t  of  Arreft:  to  make  the  Minority  maftcrs  of  the  Houfe. 
Improbable  cafe,  377.  Peculiar  Opinions  of  King.  Nullity 
of  Statutes  in  bar  of  Prerogative.  All  recent  Aas  in  peril. 
Affent  under  compulfion  void.  Dangerous  Logic,  3.78. 
Pofition  of  Accufer  to  Accufed.  Retufal  to  profecute  or 
withdraw  charge.  "  Vindication  "  of  Pym.  Why  he  changed 
his  condua  after  Arreft,  379-  Parliament  his  only  Refuge. 
Traitor  or  Minifter  ?  King  will  do  anything  but  withdraw 
charge.  Will  waive  ImpeVhment :  hopes  Mr.  Hampden  is 
innocent :  Will  India  at  Common  Law,  380.  Will  abandon 
all  proceedings:  will  give  general  Pardon:  But  nothing  elfe. 
Attorney-General  impeached  and  punifhed.  King  ftill  Im- 
moveable. One  of  the  Oxford  propofitlons,  381.  The  Earl 
and  the  King.  Strong  ground  for  difcontent :  ftated  by  White- 
lock,  382.  Clarendon's  defence  of  Charles.  The  truth 
mifftated:  as  a  ground  for  aftalllng  Commons.  Doubtful 
aflcrtion  of  Whitelock,  383.  Probable  effea  of  withdrawing 
charge.  Effea  of  King's  obftinate  refufal.  Perfiftence  in  the 
outrage.  Interval  for  good  Advice.  Good  Advifers  provided, 
38+.  Refult  upon  the  King.  Events  between  ^h  and 
^th  Jan.  ^h  p.m.  Proclamation  againft  Members.  ^^h 
a.m.  King's  Warrants  and  Vifits  to  Guildhall.  5///  p.m. 
Second  Proclamation,  385.  6///  a.m.  Serjeant  fent  to  arreft. 
7M  a.m.  Common  Council  Petition.  8M  a.m.  New  Minifters 
at  Council  Board.  Same  day  :  Third  Proclamation  againft 
Members  ;  and  private  order  from  Council  Board,  386.  No 
middle  courfe  pofTible.  Acceptance  of  IfTue  railed.  Civil 
War,  387. 
l^Qtes.  Paper  War.  Blunt  better  than  keen  nib.  Burleigh 
and  Cecil.     Too  clever  Clerk  of  Council,  3S2. 


f» 


I 


ARREST   OF 

THE     FIVE     MEMBERS     BY 
CHARLES    THE    FIRST, 


A  CHAPTER   OF  ENGLISH   HISTORY   REWRITTEN. 


§  I.    Introductory. 


One  of  the   moft  fatal  days  in  the  life   of  Anat- 
Charles    the    Firft    is    generally,    and  juftly,  ^^^^l  ^^^ 
accounted  to  have  been  that  wherein  he  made  author : 
the  attempt  to  feize  with  his  own  hand  upon 
five  members  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons  fitting 
in  their  places  in  Parliament,  againft  whom,  on 
the    day    preceding,   he  had  exhibited   in  the 
Upper  Houfe,  through  his  Attorney-General, 
articles  of  impeachment  for  high  treafon.    This 
incident,  however,  with   its  attendant  circum- 
ftances,  having  become,  in  common  with  the 
events  immediately  preceding  it,  the  fubjedl  of 
Lord   Clarendon's  moft  elaborate,  ingenious, 
and  ftudied  mifreprefentation,  the  true  hiftory  Party  mif- 
of  it  remains  to  be  elicited  from  truftworthy,  fationt  of 
and  as  yet  unpublilhed,  contemporary  records,  it : 


Not  an 
ifolated 

aa. 


Dramatic 
cor  refine  is 
of  the 
Eikon 
Bafiiike. 


Authori- 
ties for  this 
Narrative. 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members, 

It  was  certainly  not  the  ifolated  ad  of  rafh 
imprudence  and  felf-willed  indifcretion  which 
the  champion  of  the  party  whom  its  failure 
moft  damaged  very  naturally  defired  that  it 
fhould  afterwards  be  confidered.  It  was  at- 
tended by  too  many  incidents  befpeaking  a 
deliberate  and  fettled  purpofe,  and  came  in  the 
fequence  of  events  with  which  it  too  exadly 
correfponded,  to  permit  us  fairly  fo  to  confider 
it.  The  author  of  it,  confiftently  enough, 
always  himfelf  refented  that  imputation ;  and 
it  is  with  a  ftrid  dramatic  propriety  he  is  made, 
by  the  writer  of  the  Eikon  Eafilike^  to  afcribe 
the  ad  not  to  paflion  but  to  reafon,  to  claim 
for  it  jult  motives  and  pregnant  grounds,  and 
to  refcue  it  from  the  reproach  of  being  want- 
ing in  the  difcreetnefs  that  the  touchinefs  of 
the  times  required.  It  was  moft  afluredly 
in  only  too  perfed  agreement  with  all  that 
the  King  and  the  King's  friends  had  been 
attempting  fince  the  day  of  Strafford's  execu- 
tion. The  earlier  period,  with  its  clofe  fuccef- 
fion  of  agitating  confllds,  has  been  retraced  in 
an  Effay  defcribing  the  Debates  on  the  Grand 
Remonftrance ;  *  but  fome  few  gleanings  in  the 
field  remain  yet  to  be  gathered,  and  will  find 
here  their  proper  place. 

The  authorities  to  be  employed  in  the  pre- 
fent    narrative,  all  of  them   exifting   ftill   in 

♦  Yov{icx\  Hijhrkal  and  Biographical  EjfaySf  i.  i — 175. 


i 


4^ 


§  I.     IntroduElory .  3 

manufcript,  have  not  before  been  ufed  in  any 
of  the  hiftories ;  and  it  may  be  premifed,  as  to  Ms.  illuf- 
feveral  important  illuftrations  of  the  time  and 
many  new  fads  of  much  weight,  derived  from 
contemporary  correfpondence  in  the  State  Paper 
Office,*  that  among  the  letters  to  be  earlieft 
quoted  are  feveral  addreffed  to  Admiral  Sir 
John  Pennington,  then  commanding  the  fleet 
in  the  Downs,  by  correfpondents  evidently  able 
and  generally  truftworthy,  notwithftanding 
ftrong  Royalift  leanings.  Pennington f  was  a  Admiral 
favorite  of  the  King's,  and  within  a  very  few  P*^""'"g- 
weeks  was  to  do  him  two  memorable  pieces  of 
fervice,  by  carrying  acrofs  channel  out  of  the 
reach  of  Parliament  not  only  Lord  Digby, 
but  the  Queen  and  the  Englifti  crown  jewels, 

*  Let  me  take  the  opportunity  of  faying,  upon  the  thref-  Services  to 
hold  of  this  work,  that  it  could  not  have   been  written  with-  Eng-lifh 
out  the  facilities  of  accefs   to  the  State  Paper  Office  afforded  Hilforv 
by  the  kindncfs  of  Sir  John  RomiJly,   to  whom   I   offer  my  rendered 
warmefl  acknowledgments.      Of  the  larger  debt  which  all  by  sir 
fludents  of  our  hillory  owe  to  the  prefent  Mailer  of  the  Rolls,  John 
it  would  hardly  be  becoming  to  ipeak  in  this  place;  but  it  Is  Romilly 
due  entirely  to  him  that  the  noble  ftores  of  our  State  collec- 
tions are  now  becoming  acceffible  to  all  readers,  and  that  in 
the   double  feries   of  "  Calendars ^^'  and  of  '*  Chronicles  and 
Memorials^''  publifhed    by   the   Mellrs.   Longman  under   his 
direction,  we  have  the  promife  of  an  ultimate  contribution  to 
our  National  Hiilory  which  Englifhmen  will  be  able  to  refer 
to  with  juft  pride,  as  unfurparted   for  its  variety  and  richncfs 
of  materiel,  and  for  the  thoughtful  confideration  which,  by 
the  moderate  price  the  volumes  are  iffued  at,  has  placed  them 
within  general  reach. 

f  Clarendon's  Hijl.  ii.  277,  334-6,  and  ili.  98,  107.  The 
hiftorian  fays  of  Pennington  that  he  was  a  very  honeft  gentle- 
man, and  of  unfhaken  truthfulnefs  and  integrity  to  the  King  ; 
adding  that  he  had  a  greater  intereft  in  the  common  feamen 
than  any  other  perfon,  having  commanded  them  fo  many 
years. 

B  2 


i 


Penning- 
ton ap- 
pointed to 
fucceed 
Lord  Nor- 
tluimber- 
land. 


Captain 
Slingfby, 
brother  of 
Strafford's 
fecretary : 


relates 
the  Parlia- 
mentary 


news. 


25th  Nov. 
1 64. 1. 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

to  be  employed  abroad  in  raifing  materiel  and 
means  for  the  wagino:  of  civil  war  at  home. 
A  few  months  later,  upon  difmiflal  of  Lord 
Northumberland,  the  King  had  secretly  made 
Pennington  Lord  Admiral,  but  the  appoint- 
ment was  fuperfeded  by  Parliament.  His 
prefent  pofition  in  command  of  the  home  fleet 
rendered  it  extremely  effential  that  he  (hould 
be  kept  well-informed  of  events ;  and  one 
of  his  captains,  Robert  Slingfby,  brother  of 
Straflx)rd's  friend  and  fecretary,  feems  to  have 
come  to  London  mainly  with  this  defign. 

Writing  on  the  day  of  his  own  and  of  the 
King's  arrival  there  (the  25th  of  November), 
''  from  my  lodging  at  a  barber's  houfe  over 
'^  againft  the  Rofe  Tavern,  in  Ruflell  Street 
"  in  Covent  Garden,"  Slingfby  thus  tells  the 
Admiral  the  great  parliamentary  news  :  * 
'^  The  bufinefs  now  in  agitation  is  a  Remon- 
"  ftrance  to  be  publifhed,  wherein  the  Hate 
'*  of  this  kingdom,  before  the  Parliament,  is 
"  fett  down,  and  the  Reformations  fince : 
'^  all  matters  of  ftate  and  government,  fince 
^*  the  King's  coming  to  the  crowne,  being 
"  ript  up  :  as  fomc  fay,  very  much  reflecting 
'*  upon  the  King.  On  Monday  laft:  it  was  very 
*'  hottly  debated  (in)  the  Houfe,  with  greate 
"  oppofition:  fome  making  protefl:ations  againft 

•  MS.  State  Paper  Office.  Slingfby  to  Pennington,  25th 
Nov.  164.1.  I  follow  the  ordinary  mode  of  fpelling  the  name, 
though  the  writer  always  lubllTibes  himl'elf"  '*  Slynglbie." 


f 


t 


^  I.     IntroduElory . 


5 


cc 


(C 


(C 


<c 


it:  it  held  almoft  all  the  night.    At  laft  being  a  night- 
voted,  it  was  carried  for  the  Remonftrance,  l*^"^, 

'  ^  ^  debate. 

by  eleven  voices  :  yett  they  have  fince  fallen 
upon  itt  againe,  and  have  mittigated  fome 
thinges  which  occafioned  greateft  oppofition 
*^  to  it;  yett  doth  it  not  pafle  freely  them 
'^  who  befor  oppugned  it." 

It  was  hardly  furprifing  that  it  ftiould  not, 
confidering   how  much  was  at  ftake.     Every 
inch  of  ground  was  contefted.       Alfo  writing 
on  the  fame  25th  of  November,  Mr.   Sidney  Sidney 
Bere,  who  (having  charge  of  the  foreign  dif-  ^^der 
patches)  had  been  in  attendance  on  the  King  Secretary 
in  Scotland,  and  who  obtained  employment  as 
Under   Secretary    upon    the  appointment    of 
Nicholas  (on  Monday  the  29th  November)  as 
principal    Secretary    of   State,  makes    fimilar 
allufion   to  the  grand  intelligence  of  the  day, 
and  in  a  tone  which  fliows  his  nearer  acquaint- 
ance not  alone  with  public  afl^airs,  but  with  thofe 
to  whom  their  guidance  was  entrufted  :   "  For 
''  the    bufinefs  of  the   Houfes  of  ParP.   they 
**  have  been  in  greate  debates  about  a  Remon- 
"  ftrance,  w^*^  the  Houfe  of  Commons  framed, 
''  fliowing  the  grievances  and  abufes  of  many 
"  yeares  paft  :   the  conteftation  now  is  how  to  defcribes 
''  publifti  it,   whether  in  print  to  the  publick  ^PP^^^;^" 
**  view,  or  by  petition  to  his  Majefty.     It  was  ing  the 

It   r  11  •!•  J**/*  r         ••  Remon- 

''  loe  equally  carried  in  a  divinon  or  opinions,  itrance. 
**  that   there    were    but    11    voices  difitrent : 
**  this  day  is  a  great  day  about  it,  but  what  y*^ 


6  Arrefl  of  the  Five  Members. 

Fears  of  ''  event  will  be  I  fhall  not  be  able  to  write  you 
'^  by  this  ordinary.  It  feems  there  are  great 
**  divifions  betweene  the  two  Houfes,  and  even 
''  in  the  Commons  Houfe,  w'"'  if  not  fuddenly 
"  reconciled  may  caufe  very  great  diftradions 
"  amongft  us.  It's  the  fear  of  many  wife  and 
'^  well-wifhing  men,  who  apprehend  great 
*'  diftempers,  w*''  I  pray  God  to  divert.''* 

So  defperate  was  the  ftruggle  between  forces 
not  fo   unequally  matched  as  hiftorians   have 

Narrow      fuppofed  ;   and  the  refult  thus  far  was,  that  the 

maioritit'S  ^  i  ■    i  i  ^.  .        -  - 

in  Houie  P^^^X  ^hich  attempted  a  readion  in  favor  of 
of  Com-  the  Kinp-  had  been  defeated  by  this  narrow 
majority.  But  other  confiderations  ftill  hung 
in  the  balance.  It  remained  to  be  feen,  on 
the  one  hand  to  what  ufes  the  vidtory  would 
be  turned,  on  the  other  what  yet  might  be 
done  to  mitigate  the  confequences  of  defeat. 
While  the  Ikuggle  was  at  its  height,  Charles 
was  on  his  way  back  from  Scotland ;  having  fent 
before  him  the  moll  urgent  injundlions  that 
until  his  arrival  at  leaft  the  confli(5l  was  to  be 
prolonged.  Three  days  before  he  appeared  at 
Whitehall  the  Remonftrance  had  been  voted 
by  its  majority  of  eleven.  Still  there  were 
queftions  to  be  raifed  in  connexion  with  it, 
Conflia  and  fl:ill,  as  we  have  feen,  the  conteft  was  con- 
.  |-jj^ygjj^  Cliarles  was  hardly  lefs  eager  that  the 
terrible    record     of  his    paft    mifgovernment 

*  MS.    State    Paper    Office.       Sidney    Bere    to    Admiral 
Pennington,  25th  Nov.  1641. 


\  I.     Introdudory . 


fhould  not  be  prefented  to  him,  than  he  had 
been  that  it  fliould  not  be  pafled  ;  and,  afver 
it  was  prefented,  it  became  the  great  object  of 
himfelf  and  his  friends  to  obftrucfl  its  publica- 
tion. 

On  the  1 6th  of  December,  Captain  Slingfby  Firft  great 
writes  to  Admiral   Pennington  :    '*  Yefterday  meVtary 
the  Houfe  of  Commons  fell  upon  theRemon-  divifions. 
ftrance  w"^*'  they  had  formerly   prefented  to 
the  King  with  a  petition  ;  but  had  received 
no  anfwer.      It  was  hottly  debated,  whether 
it  fhould  be  printed  or  nott  :  it  helde  them 
very  late  in  the  nighte  :   at  laft  being  voted, 
it  was  carried  by  many  voices  to  be  printed  : 
yett  fo  as  thofe  were  about  a  hundred  w"*"  did 
proteft  againft   it,  w^''  a  caution  if  it  were  Protefting 
not  contrary  to  the  orders  of  the   Houfe,  ^/^^^^j^^^^ 
and  defired  their  names  might  be  printed  w^^^ 
the    Remonftrance :    that    caution    was    to 
avoid  the  penaltie  of  Mr.  Palmer,  who  was 
before     comitted    for  protefting  againft  it. 
It    was    after   debated,  whether   to   proteft 
againft  anything  that  is  voted  in  the  Houfe, 
be  not  contrary  to  the  orders  of  the  Houfe : 
and  it  is  thought  by  fome  that  fome  of  the 
protefters  will  be  queftioned  for  it."* 
A  fortnight  before  this  date,  another  friend,  Mr.  Tho- 
Mr.  Thomas  Wifeman,  a  man  of  confiderable  jj;^^^^^'* 
wealth  and  influence,   had  written  in    fimilar  Admiral 


•  MS.  State  Paper  Office.     Slingfby  to  Pennington,  i6th 
Dec.  1641. 


8 


Penning- 
ton, and 
Dec. 1641. 


Palmer's 
protelt 
and  pun- 
i/hnient. 


Abfentees 
from  the 
Houfes. 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

ftrain  to  the  Admiral  of  Palmer's  imprifon- 
ment.  He  defcribed,  in  a  few  lines  which 
exprefs  exac5lly  the  nature  and  weight  of  the 
offence  Palmer  had  given,  and  which  Clarendon 
has  laboured  fo  ingenioufly  to  conceal,  the 
adt  that  brought  with  it  the  **  penalty"  referred 
to  by  Slingfby.*  *^  Mr.  Palmer,  the  lawyer, 
"  was  fent  three  days  agoe  to  the  Tower,  becaufe 
'*  hee  was  the  firft  man  that  defired  to  have 
**  his  Proteftation  entered  Againft  the  Remon- 
*^  ftrancein  the  name  of  All  The  Reft."  In  the 
fame  letter  Mr.  Wifeman,  adverting  to  matters 
connected  with  the  Remonftrance  and  making 
a  curious  miftake.  as  to  the  day  of  the  great 
debate  (which  was  Monday  the  22nd,  not 
Thurfday  the  i8th  of  November),  gives  us  a 
glimpfe  of  the  temperate  hopes  too  fanguinely 
expreffed  by  the  Admiral  himfelf :  **  This 
"  Parliament,  as  you  obferve,  I  hope  may 
*'  prove  more  temperate  ;  if  foe  bee  all  the 
*^  memb"  of  the  Houfes  were  fure  mett 
"  together :  but  I  prefume  they  have  already 
*' don  their  worft ;  the  Remonftrance  being 
"  finiftied  uppon  Friday  was  fennight,  when 
**  the  Houfe  of  Coffions  did  fit  debating  of 
*'  the  matt'  therein  contayned  from  three  of 
*'  the  clock  in  the  afternoone  on  Thurfday  till 
**  Friday  morning  at  three  of  the  clock  ;  and 
'*  beeing  putt  to  the  queftione  whether  the 
*'  Remonftrance  ftiould  procede  or  not,  there 

*  See  Hift.  and  Biog.  EJfays,  i.  117-132. 


r 


\ 


§  I.     IntrcduBory.  9 

*^  was  159  perfons  for  itt  and  148  againft  it.  The  ma- 
''  And  this  very  day  it  brought  the  King  to^JJ^^Jn! 
'^  towne,   it  being  prefented   unto  him   w^*'  a 
^^  petition    thereunto    annexed    yeafterday    at 
''  Hampton  Courte  :  what  the  fequel  will  bee 
''  of  it,  a  little  tyme  and  patienfe  will  inform 
*^  us.     But  there  was  never  moreheate  in  both  Never 
''  the  Houfes  then  att  prefent:  God  fend  them  l^^'parHa- 
''  better  at  unitie  whereby  we  may  enjoy  fairer  ment  than 
''hopes  of  peace  and  tranquiilitie,  and   tnepec.1641. 
"  King  to  Ihyne  out  w^^  as  much  brightnefs 
<'  and  fplendor  as  heretofore  he  hath  done."  * 

A  hope,  alas,  with  fmall  chance  of  realiza- 
tion after  the  vote  of  the  15th  of  December 
by  which  the  Remonftrance  was  placed  in  the 
hands  of  the  people.  But,  difcomfited  in  this 
diredion  alfo,  a  final  ftand  was  neverthe- 
lefs  to  be  made,  and  a  final  defeat  to  be 
encountered,  upon  the  monftrous  affumption 
of  a  right  in  the  Minority  to  enter  formal  Minority 
proteft  againft  the  feries  of  votes  it  had  itfelf  agahfft 
been  fuceffively  out-voted  in  refifting.  That  ^^J^^^y- 
was  on  the  20th  December:  and  within  a  fort- 
night after  its  date,  as  the  fuccefsful  leaders 
fat  in  their  places  in  the  Houfe  (the  interval 
having  witneffed  a  defpairing  effort,  hitherto 
unknown  and  unfufpeded,  to  win  over  Pym 
to  the  Court  by  a  large  and  lucrative  employ- 
ment), the  attempt  was  made  to  feize  them. 

♦  MS     State    Paper    Office.      Wifeman  to  Pennington, 
2nd  Dec.  1 64.1. 


} 


lO 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Memiers. 


?hc%^^  Such  were  the  ftages  of  a  conflicfl,  through- 
ftruggleofout  very  fteadily  maintained,  of  which  the 
mentary  ^bjedl  on  one  fide  was  to  uphold,  and  on  the 
Party  in    other   to  Overthrow,    the  legitimate  aftion  of 

Enp'la.rKi 

the  Houfe  of  Commons.  Was  it  pofTible  that 
the  long  and  hard  fought  battle  fhould  have 
had  a  more  confiftent  clofe  ?  It  began  in  a 
fecret  projed:  to  overawe  the  Majority  by 
bringing  up  the  army  to  Weftminfter.  It  was 
continued  through  a  fucceflion  of  organized 
efforts  to  defraud  the  Majority  of  its  lawful 
powers  by  the  pretence  of  unlawful  con- 
ftraints.  And  it  was  to  be  ended,  furely  with 
no  inappropriatenefs,  after  a  fecret  and  fuccelT- 
lefs  effort  to  bribe  with  place  the  moft  diftin- 
guifhed  of  the  leaders  of  the  Majority,  by  an 
attempt  openly  to  ftrike  them  down.  To  what 
extent  in  this  the  King  ad:ed  alone,  or  with 
the  advice  and  countenance  by  which  he  had 
profited  in  every  other  flage  of  the  flruggle, 
it  will  be  one  of  the  objeds  of  this  EfTay  to 
endeavour  to  develope. 

§  II.  The  King's  Return  from  Scotland. 

Afl'ertlons  It  is  repeatedly  afferted  by  Lord  Clarendon 
doi!:^'''"'  ^'^^^  Lord  Digby  was  Charles  the  Firft's  only 
advifer  in  his  refolve  himfelf  to  effedl  the 
arreft  of  the  five  members  ;  but  in  imply- 
ing that  the  ra(h  a6l  had  the  difapproval  of 
the  more  legitimate  advifers  of  the  Sovereign, 
he    nowhere  afl'erts   that   the  articles  of  im- 


A 


^  II.     The  King's  Return  from  Scotland. 


II 


peachment,  of  which  it  was  but  the  too  hafly 
and  violent  affertion,  were  in  their  opinion 
uniuft.     It  would  be  hazardous  to  affirm  of  The  two 

J  /.     1  1  r     T  attempts 

the  King's   attempt  of  the  4th    of    January,  of  the  3rd 

that  it  was  a  more  flagrant  violation  of  law  ^^^^4^^^^^ 

and  privilege  than  his  attempt  by  means  of 

his  Attorney-General  on  the  previous  day ;  yet, 

remembering  that    Falkland  became   a  Privy 

Councillor  only  two  days  before,  and  five  days  New  state 

J  ■'  appoint- 

later  received  the  feals  of  a  Secretary  of  State,  ments: 

that  Culpeper  fat  as  Chancellor  of  the  Ex- 
chequer on  the  day  Falkland  was  fworn  of 
the  Privy  Council,  and  that  Hyde  had  been 
offered  concurrently  the  office  of  Solicitor 
General, — keeping  in  mind,  moreover,  that 
the  perfon  chiefly  inftrumental  in  bringing 
about    all    thefe   promotions    is   admitted    by  fdvifed 

,  T         1    T->.-    1        1  •      r  ir  *  hy  Lord 

Clarendon  to  have  been  Lord  Digby  himielt,*  Digby. 
— it  would  be  flill  more  difficult  to  believe  that 
the  ad  of  the  Attorney-General,  and  the  pro- 

•   Clarendon    expreflly    informs   us    (////?.   ii.    99,    100), 
*'  The   Lord   Digby  was  much  trufted  by  the   King,  and  he 
**  was  of  great  familiarity  and  friendfhip  with   the  other  three, 
**  (Hyde,  Culpeper,  and  Falkland),  at  leaft  with  two  of  them  : 
**  for  he  was   not  a  man   of  that  exa6\nefs   as  to   be  in  the 
'*  entire  confidence  of  the  Lord  Falkland,  who  looked  upon 
**  his  infirmities  with  more  feverity  than   the  other  two  did 
**  .  .   .   He  was  equal   to  a  very  good  part  in   the  greateft 
**  affair,  but  the  unfittefl  man  alive  to  conduct  it,  having  an  Lord  Dig- 
**  ambition  and   vanity  fuperior  to  all  his  other  parts,  and  a  by's 
'*  confidence  in  himfelf,   which   fometimes  intoxicated,   and  friend- 
**  tranfported,    and   expofed    him   ...   He   had   been  inftru-  fhips. 
**  mental  in  promoting  the  three  perfons  above  mentioned  to 
♦*  the  King's  favour;  and  had   himfelf,  in  truth,  fo  great  an 
"  efteem  of   them,  that   he  did  very  frequently,  upon  con- 
**  ference   together,  depart  from  his    own  inclinations    and 
**  opinions,  and  concurred  in  theirs." 


^ 


12 


A  qiK'ftion 
for  en- 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members, 


quiry. 


Sufpicions 
againit 
Falkland, 
Culpeper 
and  Hy(ie. 


Charges 
agalnlt 
Pym  and 
Hampden. 


The 
King's 
way  of 
dealing 
with  oppo- 
nents. 


ceeding  with  which  the  King  followed  it  up, 
with  whatever  feelings  regarded  after  the  event 
by  thefe  men,  could  have  been  taken  in  the  firft 
inftance  abfolutely  without  their  knowledge, 
or  even  their  fufpicion.  There  is  ground  for 
believing  otherwife  ;  and  even  if  nothing  more 
than  a  cafe  of  ftrong  prefumption  be  proved, 
it  ought  in  the  particular  circumftances  to  tell 
heavily  againft  them.  That  they  were  more 
than  fufpedled  at  the  time.  Clarendon  admits ; 
and  he  adds  that  though  fuch  men  as  Hampden 
and  Pym  had  a  better  opinion  of  his  difcretion 
than  to  believe  he  had  himfelf  any  fliare  in  the 
advice  of  thofe  proceedings,  yet  they  were 
very  willing  that  others  fhould  believe  it.* 
Perhaps  the  real  difficulty  was,  as  the  fids 
may  tend  to  fhow,  not  to  believe  it. 

The  King  had  returned  from  Scotland,  there 
cannot  be  a  queftion,  bent  upon  charging  Pym 
and  Hampden  with  treafonable  correfpondence 
during  the  Scotch  Rebellion.  Unfortunately 
for  Charles  the  Firft,  it  was  almoft  always 
matter  of  doubt  with  him  whether  he  fhould 
crufli  or  cajole  an  antagonift ;  and  fuch  was 
his  vice  of  temperament  that  whichever 
refolve  he  might  finally  take,  was  fure  to 
be  taken  too  late.  He  tried  the  one  too  late 
to  deftroy  the  league  for  the  Covenant  in 
Scotland,  he  tried  the  other  too  late  to  fave 

*  Lifey  i.  103, 


§11.      "The  Kings  Return  from  Scotland. 


U 


the  life  of  Strafford  in  England.*     And  now,  Cmfhing 
even  while  bent   upon   faftening  a  charge  of  ^Ij^^^"^*^'" 
treafon  againft  the  popular  leaders,  bafed  upon  always  too 
the  fame  tranfaAions  as  thofe  which  fuggefted 
a  fimilar  charge  at  the  eve  of  the  Long  Par- 
liament,  I    fhall   be    able  to   fhow   that  even 
now   there  again  occurred  to  him,  and  again 
too  late,  that  it  might  be  pofTible  to  win  by 
ftratagem  f    what  he   could   not    but    fecretly 
diftruft  his  power  to  win  by  force.     Of  courfe 
with  the  ufual  refult.    When  a  weak  irrefolution 


*  Hear  what  is  faid  by  Clarendon  :  "  If  that  ftratagem 
**  (though  none  of  the  belt)  of  winning  men  by  places  had 
**  been  praf^ifed  as  foon  as  the  refolution  was  taken  at  York 
"  to  call  a  parliament  (in  which,  it  was  apparent,  dangerous 
"  attempts  would  be  made,  and  that  the  court  could  not  be 
"  able  to  refill  those  attempts),  and  if  Mr.  Pym,  Mr. 
'*  Hampden,  and  Mr.  Hollis,  had  been  then  preferred  with 
**  Mr  Saint-John,  before  they  were  defperately  embarked  in 
"  their  dei'perate  defigns,  and  had  innocence  enough  about 
*'  them  to  trult  the  King,  and  be  trufted  by  him,  having  yet 
'*  contrafled  no  perfonal  animofities  againft  him  j  it  is  very 
"  poftlble  that  they  might  either  have  been  made  inftruments 
"  to  have  done  good  Icrvice,  or  at  leaft  been  reftrained  from 
'*  endeavouring  to  fubvert  the  royal  building,  for  fupporting 
**  whereof  they  were  placed  as  principal  pillars."  Hiji. 
ii.  60.  In  another  palTage  of  his  hiftory  (iv.  4.38-9),  he 
tells  us  :  **  The  King  at  one  time  intended  to  make  Mr.  Pym 
**  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  for  which  he  received  his 
"  Majcfty's  promife,  and  made  a  return  of  a  fuitable  profeflion 
*' of  his  fervice  and  devotion:  and  thereupon,  the  other 
**  being  no  fecret,  fomewhat  declined  from  that  ftiarpnefs  in 
**  the  Houle  which  was  more  popular  than  any  man's," 
But  again  elfewhere  he  admits,  ftdl  speaking  of  the  pro- 
pofal  to  give  office  to  Pym  and  Hampden  :  "  It  is  great 
**  pity  that  it  was  not  fully  executed,  that  the  King  might 
**have  had  fomc   able   men  to  have  advifed  or  afl'iftcd  him." 

i.  371. 

•f  That,  as  has  juft  been  feen,  is   Clarendon's  expreffion 
applied  to  the  King's   mode  of  procedure    (ii.    60) — **  the 
*'  ftratagem   of  winning  men  by  places."      He   had   himfelf 
fuffitient  experience  of  it. 


Stratagem 
ofwinning 
men  by 
places. 


Off"ers  to 
Pym. 


Their 
non- 
acceptance 
regretted 
by  Hyde. 


I 


H 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 


prevents  a  man  from  doing  at  the  right  time 

what  is  right,  obftinacy  (which  is  but  another 

form  of  the  fame  weaknefs  and  equally  inac- 

ceflible    to  reafon)   will    always    confirm    and 

make  him  obdurate  in  whatever  he  may  have 

ultimately  done  wrong. 

Treafon-        Ominous  threatenings  of  that  purpofe  of  the 

fpondem^e  ^^"g  ^^  revive  the  charge  of  treafonable  cor- 

ofEnglirh  refpondence  with  the  Scotch  ag;ainft   Hampden 

members  .        "^ 

with         and  Pym,  had  preceded  his  return  from  Scot- 
Scx)tch      ]^j^  J    ^^^  |.[^^|.  j^  ^^g  known  to  thofe  admitted 

rebels.  \ 

to  his  confidence,    no  well-informed    ftudent 

of  this  period   of  hiftory  will   be  difpofed  to 

doubt.     When  Clarendon,  therefore,  fpeaking 

for  himfelf  and  his  friends  as  having  with  the 

greateft  courage  and  alacrity  oppofed   what  he 

terms,    ''all    the   feditious  practices"  of  the 

leaders  of  the   Commons,  proceeds  to  admit 

that  they  were  far  from  thinking  that  the  five 

Claren-      members  were  much  wronged*  by  the  accu- 

opinLn     fation  of  treafon  ;  nay,  that  fo  vifible  in  the 

of  the  five  Houfe  had  been  their  extreme  difhoneft  arts,t 

that    nothing    could  have   been   laid  to  their 

charge   incredible,    only    they   thought  it    an 

unfeafonable  time  to  call  them  to  account  for 

it;  and  that,  in  regard  to  the  choice  of  perfons, 

it  was  indifcreet  to  have  included  Lord  Kim- 

bolton  with  the  members  of  the  Lower  Houfe, 


•   mji,  il.  i6o. 

f  This  word  is  incorreitly  printed  '-  a(5ls  "  by  Clarendon's 
editors. 


%  II.      The  King's  Return  from  Scotland.  15 

— It  would  feem  tolerably  certain  that  he  carries  Klmbol- 
his  afFedation  of  ignorance  fomewhat  too  far.*  s^^otch 
Kimbolton  was    included   notorioufly  becaufe  Com- 
of  his  condu(5l  in  the  previous  year  as  one  of 
the  CommifTioners  ''  to  arrange  all  caufes  of 
"  difpute  with  Scotland,*'  and   becaufe  of  the 
impoflibility  of  ftating  the  alleged  cafe  againft 
Hampden  or  Pym  without   involving   Kim- 
bolton alfo. 

There  are  feveral  paflages  in  Charles's  fecret  narrowly 
correfpondence  with  Secretary  Nicholas,  during  ^'^^^^jj^^^^ 
his  abfence  in  Scotland,  which  fhow  with  what  Court, 
eager  curiofity  the  doings  of  Kimbolton  were 
watched   at    the   time.     Lady   Carlifle,    who,  Lady 
though    ftill  continuing    her   intercourfe  with  inter- 
the  Court,  appears  undoubtedly  after  Strafford's  ^^y^\ 
death,  for  reafons  hereafter  to  be  noticed,  to  parties, 
have  given  what  help  fhe  could  to  the  popular 

*  **  The  purpofe,"  fays  Clarendon  {U'tfi.  II.  128,  129),  '*of 
"  accufing   the   members   was  only  confulted    between    the  Secret 
"  King  and  Lord  Digby  j  yet  it  was  generally  believed  that  consulta- 
'*'  the  King's  purpofe  of  going  to  the  Houfe  was  communi-  tions. 
"  cated   with    William    Murray   of  the  Bedchamber,  with 
"  whom  the  Lord  Digby  had  great  friendfhip  ;  and   that  It 
•*  was  betrayed   by   him  ....  He  [Lord  Digby]  was  the 
"  only  perfon  who  gave  the  counfel,  named  the  perfons,  and 
"  particularly   named   the   Lord   Mandeville,  againft  whom 
"  lefs  could  be  faid  than  againft  many  others,  and  who  was 
"  more  generally  beloved,"  &c.  &c.     And  again  he   fays, 
(pp.  160,  161),  when  remarking  that  a  fitter  choice   Ihould 
have   been  made  of  the    perfons  for   arreft—"  There   being  Kim- 
**  many  of  the  Houfe  of  more  mifchievous  inclinations,  and  bolton's  ill 
"  defigns  againft  the  King's  perfon  and  the  government,  and  company. 
"  more   expofcd    to    the    public    prejudice,    than    the    Lord 
**  Mandeville  Kimbolton   was  :  who  was  a  civil  and  well- 
'*  natured  man,  and  had   rather  kept  ill  company  than  drank 
'*  deep  of  that  infe6lion  and  poifon  that  had  wrought  upon 
**  man)  others.'' 


i6 


A  clanger 
ous  medi- 
ator. 


Doubtful 
fervices. 


Meetings 
in  Pym  s 
lodgings 
at  Cheliea. 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members, 

leaders,  is  reprefented  in  one  of  N  icholas's  letters 
(27  Sc^ptember,  1641),  as  having  taken  to  the 
Queen  a  paper  which  it  was  much  to  the 
King's  fervice  to  make  public,  and  which  fhe 
had  obtained  from  Lord  Mandeville.*  (Lord 
Mandcville,  or  Kimbolton,  I  need  hardly  ac- 
quaint the  reader,  was  the  eldeft  fon  of  the 
Earl  of  Manchefter,  and  had  been  called  to 
the  Upper  Houfe  in  his  father's  barony  of 
Montagu  of  Kimbolton.)  The  contents  of 
that  paper  were  fuch,  however,  that  it  became 
matter  of  doubt  whether  that  which  had 
appeared  upon  the  furface  of  it  fo  defirable  to 
be  known  in  the  King's  intereft,  was  not  in 
reality  a  matter  much  more  cflential  to  be 
known  in  the  intereft  of  the  King's  opponents* 
and  the  condud  of  Lady  Carlifle  foon  con- 
firmed the  latter  fuppofition.  Nicholas  him- 
felf  makes  no  concealment  of  his  doubts  of 
Kimbolton.  He  is  careful  to  tell  the  King, 
^'  1  hear  there  are  divers  meetings  at  Chelfea, 
"  at  the  Lord  Mandeville's  houfe,  and  elfe- 
"  where*'  (Pym  also  had  lodgings  in  Chelfea 
at  this  time)  "  by  Pym  and  others,  to  confult 
*^  what  is  beft  to  be  done  at  their  next  meeting 
*'  in  Parliament.*' t  Nor  perhaps  is  it  necef- 
fary  to  add  that  the  alleged  notorious  com- 
plicity of  Hampden  with  the  fo- called  Scottifh 
treafon  was  the  fubjed  of  countlefs  contem- 

♦  E'velyn  Correfpondence,  iv.  75,  ed.  1854. 
f  E'vetyn  Cor.  iv.  76, 


M'' 


§11.      The  King's  Return  from  Scotland, 


17 


porary  fongs  and  libels,  which,   contemptible  Libels  on 
and  little   credible  as   they  generally  are,  will  ^-^"^P^^"- 
yet  be  found  to  refled,    in    fome    fhape    or 
other,  the  party  beliefs  and  hatreds  of  the  day. 

Did  I  for  this  bring  in  the  Scot 
(For  'tis  no  fecret  now — the  Plot 

Was  Say's  and  mine  together)  : 
Did  I  for  this  return  again, 
And  fpend  a  winter  there  in  vain, 

Again  to  invite  them  hither ! 

It  was  hardly  attempted  to  be  concealed,  in  Avowed 
fhort,  from  any  of  the  King's  friends,  that  his  [fa^rdoned 
Majefty  had  taken   advantage  of   his  prefent 
vifit   to   Scotland   to    fatisfy    himfelf  of  the 
fecret  underftanding  that  had  formerly  exifted 
between  the  leaders  of  the  army  of  the  Cove- 
nant and  the  leaders  of  the  Englifh  Houfe  of 
Commons  ;  and  though  even  Royalifts  might 
reafonably  doubt  whether  fuch  a  charge  could 
be  made  the  bafis  of  impeachment  againft  fuf-  Sufpefted 
pefted  rebels  in  England,  after  a  grant  to  the  ^g  ^  ^  ^^ 


im- 


avowed  rebels  in  Scotland  of  an  adt  of  oblivion  peached. 
fo  complete,  that  by  the  Crown's  grace  and 
favor  Montrofe  was  now  a  Marquis,  Argyle 
Scottifh  Chancellor,  and  the  little  crooked 
Field-Marfhal  of  Balgony  an  Englifh  Earl,  yet 
the  fad:  of  fuch  evidence  exifting  againft  the 
Englifli  members  was  freely  fpoken  of,  and 
was  the  fubjedt  of  covert  allufion  in  the  cor- 
refpondence  of  Nicholas  and  the  King. 

"  Some  day  they  may  repent  their  fever  ity. 
**...!  believe,  before  all  be  done,  that  they  will 


i8 


The 
King's 
threats 
agalnll  the 

f»opular 
eaders. 


Treafons 
committed 
in  Parlia- 
ment. 


Coercinq; 
a  minority 
put  forth 
as  b reach 
of  privi- 
lege. 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

*^  not  have  Juch  great  cauje  of  joy"' '''  ''  You 
"  may  fee  by  this  that  all  their  defigns  hit  not; 
''  and,  I  hope,  before  all  be  done  that  they 
'' fhall  mifsofmore:''\  *' Though  I  cannot 
'^  return  fo  foon  as  I  could  wifh,  yet  I  am 
**  confident  that  you  will  find  there  was 
''  neceffity  for  ity  and  I  hope  that  many  will 
"  mi/s  of  their  ends^X  Thefe,  and  other  fimilar 
expreflions,  fhow  how  ilrongly  the  conviftion 
had  taken  pofieirion  of  the  King's  mind,  that 
he  was  bringing  back  with  him  to  London  the 
means  of  ridding  himfelf  effedually  of  the 
members  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons  who  were 
moil  obnoxious  to  him. 

On  his  return,  indeed,  he  enlarged  the  fcope 
of  the  accufation,  fo  as  to  take  in  their  con- 
dud  in  parliament.  To  this  the  tone  adopted 
by  Hyde,  Palmer,  Culpeper,  Falkland  and 
their  followers,  in  the  Remonftrance  debates, 
may  be  faid  to  have  urgently  invited  him  ; 
and  he  affeded  to  believe,  with  them,  that  the 
minority  had  been  fo  coerced  in  thofe  mo- 
mentous difcufiions  as  to  have  endangered 
the  continued  exiftence  of  parliamentary  rights. 
But,  irrefpedive  of  all  this,  the  refolution  to 
try  an  impeachment  feems  clearly  to  have 
been  taken  while  he  was  yet  in  Edinburgh  ; 
and  it  was  but  the  after  fuggeftion  of  mingled 

•  The   King  to  Nicholas,   5th  Oct.  1641.     E'velyn  Cor. 

iv.  78,  79» 

•f  Same  to  fame,  9th  Oct.  1641.     E^velyn  Cor.  iv.  80. 

X  Same  to  fame,  12th  Nov.  1641.     E^eljn  Cor.  iv.  81. 


^ 


§  II.     The  King's  Return  from  Scotland. 

fear,  irrefolution,  and  obftinacy,  which  induced 
him  on  the  very  eve  of  its  trial,  to  attempt 
(as  it  will  be  fhown  fliortly  that  he  did 
attempt)  to  bribe  over  to  his  fervice  the 
principal  "  traitor.'' 

Nor  have  fuch  indications  been  wanting,  as 
the  many  curious  details  produced  from  the 
MS.  Journal  of  D'Ewes  during  the  progrefs 
of  the  Debates  on  the  Remonftrance  will  have 
fupplied,  of  a  kind  of  confcioufnefs  on  the 
part  even  of  the  members  chiefly  in  danger, 
that  fome  blow  to  be  ftruck  in  fecret  might  be 
preparing  againft  them.  We  may  there  obferve 
with  what  eager  and  prompt  decifion,  when 
Mr.  Waller  threw  out  his  ingenious  parallel 
between  Pym  and  Strafford,  Pym  met  the  chal- 
lenge of  his  loyalty,  and  forced  the  Houfe  to  a 
fpecific  declaration  upon  it.  The  King  had  not 
been  five  days  in  London,  after  his  arrival 
from  Scotland,  when  the  fame  leader  of  the 
Oppofition  had  occafion  to  afk  from  his  place, 
whether  it  did  not  become  the  reprefentatives 
of  the  people  to  take  ferious  note  of  the  many 
figns  around  them  of  a  confpiracy  by  fome 
members  of  the  Commons  Houfe  to  accufe 
other  members  of  the  fame  of  treafon  ?  And 
when,  on  the  '20th  December,  the  queftion 
was  independently  difcufled  which  had  caufed 
fuch  agitation  in  the  Debates  of  the  Remon- 
ftrance, whether  a  minority  in  the  Commons 

might   not  have    the    fame    liberty  as   in  the 

c  2 


Signs  of 

danger 

abroad. 


30th  Nov. 

1641. 

Alleged 

confpiracy 

to  get  up 

charges  of 

treafon. 


i 


20 


Argument 
for  giving 
weight  to 
a  minority. 


Alarms 

generally 

prevalent. 


Confi- 
dence ot 
the  King, 


Jrrefl  of  the  Five  Members. 

Lords  of  protefting  againft  the  declfions  of 
the  majority,  Mr.  Holborne  employed  the 
fignificant  argument  that  the  abfence  of  fuch 
a  right,  in  the  event  of  the  majority  having 
pafled  any  meafure  carrying  with  it  grave  con- 
fequences,  would  involve  as  deeply  in  thofe 
confequences  the  refifting  members  of  the 
minority,  who  might  ^Mofe  their  heads  in  the 
"  crowd  when  there  was  nothing  to  ftiow  who 
«^  was  innocent."*  A  vague  feeling  of  indi- 
vidual infecurity,  a  fhadowy  fenfe  of  fome 
poflible  impending  danger,  was  now  certainly 
prevalent  among  members  of  the  Houfes  in 
a  manner  not  before  known ;  and  at  the  very 
hour  when  that  remark  was  made  by  Holborne, 
D^Ewes,  who  had  left  to  attend  the  King  at 
Whitehall  with  an  addrefs,  was  with  fome 
alarm  making  a  note  for  his  Journal  of  the 
^«  confident  and  fevere  look  *'  with  which 
Charles,  not  deigning  to  receive  the  obei- 
fances  of  honorable  members,  parted  out 
through  the  midft  of  them.f  It  is  a  pity 
that  confidence  and  feverity  (hould  have  been 
moft  the  charaderiftics  of  this  prince,  at  the 
very  times  when  it  moft  behoved  him  to 
diftruft  himfelf  and  conciliate  others. 

*  See  Sir  Ralph  Verney's  l^otes  of  the  Proceedings  of  the 
Long  Parliament,  135,  136  j  aad  the  admirable  note  thereon 
of  the  editor,  Mr.  Biuce. 

f  Hark'an    MSS.  162  f,  265  a.     Sec  also  my  Hist,  (£f  Biog, 

EJfaySy  i.  165. 


I 


§  III.     Falfe  Reliances, 


21 


§  III.     False  Reliances. 

The  end  to  which  matters  were  haftening  The 
had  now  become  manifeft  enough.  Confi- p^^^^*^ 
dent  in  his  own  fecret  perfuafion  that  the  the  City, 
means  of  vengeance  were  in  his  hand,  and 
mifled  by  the  accident  of  a  Royalift  Lord 
Mayor  into  believing  alfo,  in  the  teeth  of 
every  other  indication  to  the  contrary,  that  a 
ftrong  Royalift  party  exifted  in  the  City,  the 
King's  public  condud  fince  his  return,  under 
the  further  exafperation  of  the  paffing,  pre- 
fenting,  and  printing  of  the  Remonftrance, 
and  of  the  tone  adopted  by  its  authors  in 
debate,  had  been  a  feries  of  ads  that  could 
have  but  one  iflue.  Before  retracing  them,  let 
me  fhow  on  what  precarious  foundations  had 
been  built  the  tone  of  confidence  and  defiance 
fo  fuddenly  and  unadvifedly  affumed. 

The  City  entertainment  provided  by  the  en-  Banquet 
thufiaftic  Firft  Magiftrate  had  been  arranged  hall  T 
to  take  place  on  the  day  of  Charles's  arrival  in 
his  capital,  and  for  the  moment  it  fairly  turned 
the  heads  of  the  King's  friends  as  well  as  his 
own.  Captain  Slingft^y  informs  his  admiral 
that  it  was  a  magnificent  reception,  and  that 
fince  his  coming  to  town  he  had  been  greally 
pleafed  to  obferve  a  very  great  alteration  of 
the  afFedions  of  the  City  to  what  they  had 


22 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members, 


ception 
thereat 


Lord 


made  a 
Baronet. 


King's  re-  been  when  he  went  away.*  Mr.  Sidney  Bere 
writes  more  cautioufly,  but  remarks  that  all 
looked  very  ''  {lately  and  well.^f  M^-  Thomas 
Wifeman  protefts  that  it  was  a  reception  and 
glorification  of  fo  much  worth,  as  to  be  far 
beyond  the  precedent  of  any  made  to  former 
Kings  that  hiftory  makes  mention  of;  and 
that  it  had  well  fuited  with  the  goodnefs, 
fweetnefs,  and  meritorious  virtue  of  fo  gracious 
a  king  as  theirs  was  ;  adding,  that  his  Majefty 
had  '*  knighted  in  the  field  "  the  Lord  Mayor 

Courtney  ^^^  Recorder,  and,  to  add  more  grace  to  fo 
loyal  a  Chief  Magiftrate,  had  been  pleafed, 
the  day  after  the  banquet,  to  make  him  a 
Baronet.  J 

But  perhaps  the  moil:  ftriking  indication  of 
all  that  now  tended  for  the  time  completely  to 
deceive  and  miflead  the  credulous  King,  was 
a  letter  dated  the  day  after  Mr.  Wifeman*s 
admiring    efFufion,    which    the    new  Secretary 

Welcome  of  State,  to  whom  it  was  addrefled,  muft  with 

thTK^n"^  fome  exultation  have  fubmitted  to  his  mailer. 
It  was  from  Lenthal,  the  Speaker  of  the 
Houfe  of  Commons.  This  weak  and  common- 
place man,  fo  foon  to  be  for  ever  aflbciated 

•  MS.  State  Paper  Office.  Capt.  R.  Slinglby  to  Admiral 
Sir  John  Pennington,  25  Nov.  16+1. 

f  MS.  State  Paper  Office.  Sidney  Bere  to  Admiral 
Pennington,  25  Nov.  164.1. 

:|:  MS.  State  Paper  Office.  Wifeman  to  Pennington,  ad 
Dec.  1641.  Court  fcribes  made  the  moft  of  it  ot  courfe  j 
and  under  the  title  of  O'vatio  Carolina^  in  Somers's  Tra^s^ 
iv.  137,  will  be  found  a  ludicroufty  pompous  account  of  the 
affair. 


§111.     Falje  Reliances, 


23 


A 


<v 


i 


Speaker 
Lenthal 
alarmed 


Wifhes  to 
be  relieved 
from  the 
Speaker- 
fhip  : 


in  hiftory    with    an    apparently    high-fpirited 
aflertion,  in  his  own   perfon,   of  the  privilege 
and  independence  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons, 
was  now  only  eager   to  be  quit  of   his  em- 
ployment, and  proffer  fervile  fuit  to  the  King. 
Clarendon  truly  charadlerifes  him  as  a  man  of 
a  very  narrow,  timorous  nature,  and   it  feems 
probable  that  the  fierce  debates  on  the  Remon- 
ftrance  had  thoroughly  alarmed  him.*     With 
his  opportunities  of  obfervation,  he  could  hardly 
fail  to  have  fatisfied  himfelf  that  a  conflid  of  a 
yet  more  ferious  kind  now  impended  between 
the  King  and  the  Houfe,  and  this  letter  is  decifive 
of  his  belief  that  the  vidory  would  be  to  the 
King.     Nor  was  it  poflible  that  Charles  him- 
felf fhould  have  drawn  any  other  conftrudion 
from  it.     In  continuing  to  remain  where  he 
is,  in  the  chair  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons, 
Lenthal  fees  only  utter  failure  to  his  life,  the 
ruin  of  his  eftate,  and  poverty  for  his  children. 
He  prays  to  be  relieved  from  his  too  onerous 
dignity,  and  to  become  once  more  the  meaneft 
fubjed  of  a  fovereign  whom  he   profefTes  to 
regard  with  abjed  veneration. 

*  For  illuftrations  of  his  charaaer,  and  his  fufferings  at 
the  hands  of  honorable  and  not  refpeftful  members,  kt  my 
Htj}.    &    Biog.   Ejfays,    i.   82-84.      Another   opportunity  of 
adverting  to  the  fubjeft  will  occur  in  this  narrative,  but  mean- 
while I  may  add  what  is  faid,  corre6lly  enough,  by  Clarendon 
{Hifl.  i.  297).     '*  In  a  word  he  was  in  all   refpeds  very  un-  Clarendon 
"•  equal  to  the  work :    and  not  knowing  how  to  preferve  his  as  to 
**  own  dignity,  or  to  reftrain  the   licenfe  and  exorbitance  of  Lenthal. 
*»  others,  his  weaknefs  contributed  as  much  to  the  growing 
**  mifchiefs  as  the  malice  of  the  principal  contrivers." 


and  to  be- 
come 
again  the 
meaneft 
fubjeft  of 
his  fove- 
reign. 


24 

Speaker 
Lenthal 
to  Secre- 
tary- 
Nicholas, 
3rd  Dec. 
1641. 


Invokes 

the 

King's 

lacred 

mercy. 


Craves 
Mr.  Secre- 
tary's help 
in  10  weft 
pofture  of 
obedience. 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members, 

'^  Right  Honorable  and  Moft  Noble  S%" 
runs  tt^is  remarkable  letter,  written  on  the 
fourth  day  after  the  appointment  of  Nicholas 
as  Secretary  of  State,*  ''The  affurance  of 
"  your  noble  favours  imboldnes  me  to  commit 
"  to  your  care  the  greateft  concernment  y*  ever 
*'  it  befell  me,  the  defyer  beinge  enforced  by 
''  an  unavoidable  necefTity.  I  have  now  in 
'^  this  imployment  fpent  almoft  14  months, 
<c  ^ch  j^^i-i^  {-Qg  exhaufted  the  labor  of  25  yeares, 
"  that  I  am  inforced  to  flye  to  y^'  sanduary  of 
''  his  facred  mercy.  Could  I  fuppofe  that  my 
''  humble  fute  (grounded  on  y^  full  expreflion 
"  of  duty  and  obedience)  fhould  have  other 
*'  interpretation,  or  feeme  unfitt  in  the  deepe 
''  judgm^  of  his  Sacred  Ma^>S  I  fliould  then 
"  defyer  my  thoughtes  may  perifli  in  their  firft 
'*  conception,  foe  willingeam  I  to  offer  myfelfe 
*'  and  fortune  a  facrifice  for  his  Roy  all  Service  : 
*'  but  in  that  I  hope  it  cannot,  I  moft  humbly 
'^  defyer  your  honor  on  my  behalfe  (in  ye 
'^  loweft  pofture  of  obedience),  to  crave  of  hia 
*'  Sacred  Ma^^  his  Royall  Leave  that  I  may  ufe 
*'  my  beft  endeavour  to  the  Houfe  of  Condons 
*'  to  be  quitt  of  this  imployment  and  to  retyer 
'^  backe  to  my  former  privat  Life,  that  whilft  I 
*'  have  fomme  ability  of  body  left,  I  may  en- 
"  deayour  that  w^^'out  w'**  I  cannot  but  expeft 

•  MS.  State  Paper  Office.  It  is  dated  3  December,  1641  j 
and  isaddrefFed,  "  The  Rt,  Hon.  Sir  Edward  Nicholas,  Knt., 
**  one  of  his  Ma'^"  Secretarys  of  State,  Humbly  prefcnt 
*'  thes.'' 


k 


§  III.     Falfe  Reliances. 

"  a  ruine,  and  put  a  badge  of  extreame  poverty 
''  uppon  my  children.  The  app'henfion  of 
''  my  fpeedy  enfuing  mifery,  hath  begot  this 
"  moft  humble  regret,  but  ftill  with  that  dew 
*^  regard  of  my  obedienc  and  duty  that  noe 
''  earthly  confideratio  fliall  ever  increafe  the 
'^  leafte  of  thoughts  that  may  tend  to  the  re- 
''  tardment  of  his  Royall  Commands.  S',  this 
''  being  p'fented  to  your  honour^Je  care,  aflures 
''me  of  fuch  a  succefsful  way  as  flial  be- 
''  comme  the  duty  of  me  his  meaneft  fubjec5l 
''  in  all  humilitie  to  befeech.  Thus  am  I  im- 
''  boldened  humbly  to  declare  the  relation  and 
'*  defyers  of  your  Honor's  moft  obedient  fer- 
''  vant,  Wm.  Lenthal." 

To  the  King,  fo  willing  to  be  duped,  and 
exulting  ftill  in  the  belief  that  he  had  at  laft 
won  friends  in  the  City  all  powerful,  here 
might  be  ground  hardly  lefs  for  belief  that  in 
the  Houfe  of  Commons  his  enemies  were 
falling  asunder.  Charles  clutched  at  it,  and 
defperately  held  to  it,  with  the  impulfive 
weaknefs  of  his  nature.  But  never  was  fuch  a 
belief  raifed  on  fuch  bafelefs  foundations. 

Already,  the  very  day  before  Lenthal's  letter 
was  written,  a  fufpicion  that  they  were  falfe 
reliances  had  occurred  even  to  Captain  Slingf- 
by.  "  Since  the  King's  coming,*'  he  writes, 
''  all  thinges  have  not  happned  fo  much  to  his 
'*  contentment  as  by  his  magnificent  intertaine- 
*'  ment  att  his  entrance  was  expeded.     .     .    . 


25 


Expefts 
ruin  from 
continuing 
in  the 
Chair  of 
the  Houfe. 


A  willing 
dupe. 


Captain 
Slingiby 
to  Admi- 
ral Pen- 
nington, 
2nd  Dec. 
164.1. 


26 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 


mif- 

givings 
the  beft 
informed. 


Faaious  *^  Thefa6lious  Citizens  begin  to  come  again  to 
*^  the  houfes  with  their  fwordes  by  their  fides, 
*'  hundreds  in  companies;  their  pretences  only 
*'  againft  Epifcopacie."*  After  a  few  days 
Sidney  Bere,  refleding  doubtlefs  the  temperate 
mifgivings  of  his  mafter  the  Secretary,  writes 

Fears  and  of  the  fears  and  diftraftions  increafing  daily  in 
^f  London,  and  that  fuch  truly  were  not  without 
caufe,  for  that  the  exifting  contention  in  the 
Houfe,  and  on  points  of  fo  high  nature,  could 
not  bring  about  lefs  than  confufion  and  com- 
buftion  in  the  end,  if  God  did  not  prevent 
it.f     Nor  from  this  date  had  a  week  pafled 

*  MS.  State  Paper  Office.      Slingfby  proceeds  to  fay  of 

the  King  :  "  The  next  day  after  his  coming  he  was  expelled 

**  at  the  Parliament,  but  he  went  away  to  Hampton  Court  j  he 

"  came  again  on  Monday  lart  and  was  expe61ed  on  Tuefday 

"  at  the  Houfe,  but  he  went  back  the  fame   night  he  came. 

*'  Since  that,  a  Petition  hath  been  fent  to  him  concerning  the 

"  Remonftrance  w*^**  had  formerly  bren  fo  much  debate  :   and 

**  to  defire  the   nomination  of  the  greate  officers  as   he  had 

*'  graunted  to  the  Parliament  in  Scotland.  This  day  the  King 

**  came  to  London  againe:  at  noone  it  was  queftioned  whether 

"  he  would  go  to  the   Houfe   or  no,  but  I  heare  fmce  he  is 

**  gone."     Of  the  factious  Citizens  he  alfo  further  remarks  in 

this   letter:   *' One   of  the  Houfe    was  ftri611y   examined   by 

*'  them  of  w*^**  fide  he  was,  in  fuch  a  manner  that  with  goode 

"  wordes   he  was  gladd   to  flippe  from  them:  after  he  was 

**  gone  fome  of  them  were  heard  to  name  him — faying  it  was 

*'  fuch  a  one — the  greatcft  enemye  we  have.     He  made  com- 

"  plaints  of  it  to  the  Houfe.    Yefterday  a  conference  between 

**  the  two  Houfes  wherein  this   matter    was   ment*^     and   a 

*'  declaration    agreed   to  be   fett    out  to  prohibitt  the   like 

*'  aflemblys  hereafter  ....     This  day  the  Houfe  are  upon 

"  Sir  Edward  Dering  who  it  is  thought  will  be  called  to  the 

*'  barre  for  fomething  he  hath  fpoke  in  the  Houfe." 

f  MS.  State  Paper  Office.  Sidney  Bere  to  Admiral 
Pennington,  9th  Dec.  1641.  There  is  fo  pleafant  a  teftimony 
in  this  letter  to  the  charader  of  Nicholas,  not  merely  to  his 
activity  and  induftry,  but  to  that  fweetnefs  of  difpofition  and 
moderation  of  temper  which  is    borne   out  by  all  that  is 


The  King 
and  the 
two 
Houfes. 


Citizens 

and 

M.P.'s. 


Sir  Ed- 
ward 
Dering. 


§111.     Falje  Reliances. 


27 


Jl 


\ 


\ 


Slinglby's 
alarm. 


Wealthy 
and  dif- 
contented 
citizens : 


Come  in 
their 

coaches  to 
the  Houfe. 


before  Captain  Slingfby  wrote  with  an  alarm 
which  he  hardly  attempts  to  conceal,  of  the 
difplay  of  manifeftations  of  feeling  from  the 
City,  of  a  far  more  declfive  and  ferious  kind 
than  thofe  which  fo  lately  had  ftartled  him. 
Whereas  it  had  been  alleged  that  laft  week's 
"sollicitation  of  the  Parliament"  had  pro- 
ceeded only  from  the  ruder  fort  of  people, 
now  it  was  certain  that  ''  fome  of  the 
''  better  fort  of  the  fame  fadlion  came  in  good 
'^  numbers  to  the  Houfe,  accoutred  in  the  beft 
^^  manner  they  could,  and  in  coaches,  to  pre- 
^'  vent  the  afperfion  that  was  layed  upon  them 
''  that  they  were  of  the  bafer  fort  of  people 
"  only  which  were  that  way  afFefted.'*  They 
had  come,  moreover,  not  merely  to  petition 
for  the  removal  out  of  the  Upper  Houfe  of  the 
popifti  Lords  and  Biftiops  to  whom  exclufively 

publicly  known  of  him,  that  the  paflage  is  worth  fubjoining. 

''  By  Mr.  Valentine,"  he  writes,  "  I  acquainted  you  w»»»  the 

"  remove  of  Sir  Hen .  Vane,  and  that  I  had  made  my  way  unto 

<<  his  Ma''^  by  the  Murrayes,  w^»»  hath  taken  foe  good  eifeft 

**  that  now  I  am  wl'*^  the   Secretary    Nicholas  (the   King 

*«  having  recommended   me  particularly)  5  and  he  appearmg  '-paracter 

"  moft  ready  to   accept  me,  mentioning  with  all  the  refpeft  ^^  ^'^^f,^' 

««  he  bears  unto  you  the  affeaion  you  have  always  pleafed  to  iNicnoias. 

**  have  for  me,  foe  that  I  cannot  faile  of  good  ufage,  and 

"  indeed  his  difpofition  is  foe  fweete  that  he  is  not  capable  of 

"  other.     By  this  recommendation  from  his  Ma*y  I  guefle  we 

*<  (hall  not  fuddenlie   have  a  fecond  Secretary,  fince   all  the 

"  Forraine  difpatches  as  well  as  Ireland  are  delivered  into 

**  Mr.  Secr'y  Nicholas,  who  noe   doubt  will  acquit  himfelfe 

"  well,  being  a  man  alfo  very  laborious  and  aftive,  and  in 

*'  great  fav'  with  both  their  Ma»'"."     Neverthelefs  Mr.  Bere 

was  wrong  in  his  expeaation  :  a  fecond  Secretary,  to  replace 

Vane,   having  already  been  fekaed   in  the   perlon  of  Lord 

Falkland. 


28 


Unpopu- 
lar a6ts 
of  the 
Lord 
Mayor. 


Second 
thoughts 
of  Speaker 
Lenthal. 


Speaker 
Lenthal 
to  Secre- 
tary 
Nicholas. 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members, 

they  imputed  the  floppage  of  thofe  Acfls  which 
had  pafTed  theLower  for  the  fettling  of  religion, 
but  alfo  to  complain  *^  of  fome  ill-afFedled 
'^  perfons  in  the  Cittie  that  endeavoured  to 
'^  hinder  their  petition,  wherein  my  Lord 
"  Mayor  was  comprehended,  who  the  day 
'^  before  had  given  order  to  all  the  conftables 
^^  to  raife  their  feverall  watches  and  be  readie 
"  in  armes,  which  has  been  very  ill  refented 
"  by  the  Houfe/'*  So  foon  was  the  frail  reed 
on  which  the  King  mainly  relied,  bending 
powerlefs  under  him.  Poor  Lenthal  himfelf 
feems  to  have  had  a  fafer  fecond  thought,  and 
had  haftened  to  crave  from  Mr.  Secretary 
Nicholas,  ^^if  the  other  way  did  not  take,"  no 
longer  the  royal  influence  to  relieve  him  of  Mr. 
Speaker's  port,  but  the  royal  mefTage  cuftomary 
in  thofe  times  before  Mr.  Speaker's  claim  for  a 
vote  of  money  could  be  taken  into  confidera- 
tion.-f     Shall  we  wonder  that  the  Under  Secre- 

*  MS.  State  Paper  Office.  Slingfby  to  Pennington, 
**  aboard  the  Lyon  in  the  Downes."  Ihe  letter  is  dated  by 
Slingfby  himfelf  *'  16  January,  1641,"  but  this  is  a  manifell 
error  for  the  "  i6th  December,  1641." 

f  MS.  State  Paper  Office.  This  fecond  letter  is  well  worth 
fubjoining  textually.  «'  Right  Honourable,  May  it  pleafe 
**  your  Honor,"  it  runs,  *<  If  that  other  way  doe  not  take,  if 
"  you  may  finde  oportunity  (without  prejudice  to  your  felfe) 
'*  let  me  entreat  you  to  incline  his  Ma'^  to  recomend  me 
"  to  y*  confideration  of  the  Houfc,  by  which  meanes  I  may 
**  hope  of  fome  fatiffa6lion :  but  this  is  totally  left  to  your 
"  honor's  confiderati"  as  oportunity  offers,  &  y'  honor 
**  thincke  fitt  in  your  owne  judgment.  Thus  humbly  cravinge 
*'  p'^on  for  this  great  p'fumption  I  can  fafely  fay  noe  man 
*'  lives  that  is  more 

"  Your  honor's  mod  humble  fervant, 

Wm.  Lenthal." 


§  IV.     Fatal  Mijiakes. 


29 


<i\ 


tary,  not  many  days  later,  is  found  writing  to  An  Un- 
his  friend  the  Admiral    commanding    in    the  tWs^^^ 
Downs,  *^  I   pray  God  we  find  not  that  we  P^^yer. 
^^  have  flattered  ourfelves  with  an  imaginary 
'^  {Irength  and  partie    in    the  citty    and  elfe- 
**  where  which  will  fall  away  if  need  fhould 
"  be."  * 


§  IV.    Fatal  Mistakes. 

Charles  never thelefs  continued  to  a6t  as  if 
that  imaginary  {Irength  were  folid  and  eternal. 
On  any  other  aflumption  we  fhould  have  to 
charaderize  as  thofe  of  a  madman  the  feries  of 
his  ads  from  the  opening  of  December  to 
Chriftmas  Eve.  He  had  removed  the  train- 
bands on  guard  at  the  two  Houfes,  and  had  fub- 
{lituted  companies  officered  by  himfelf.  He 
had  put  forth  a  moil  offenfive  order  on 
the  fubjedl  of  religious  worihip.  He  had 
recaft  the  offices  at  Court,  notorioufly  that 
he  might  invite  into  his  councils  the  leading 
opponents  of   the   Great  Remonftrance ;  f  or 


Fool- 
hardinefs 
of  the 
King. 


Removes 
the  Guard 
from  the 
Houfes  : 


Gives 
office  to 
leaders 
of  the 
minority 


*  MS.   State   Paper   Office.      Sidney   Bere    to   Sir   John 
Pennington. 

f  On  the  2nd  of  December  Mr.  Thos.  Wifeman  thus  writes  Wifeman 
(MS.   State  Paper  Office),  as  his  *'  affiired  and   affectionate  to  Pen- 
**  friend  to  command,"   to  Admiral  Sir  John  Pennington  :  nington, 
"  My    Lord  of  Holland,  they  fay,   hath  loft  himfelf  both  2nd  Dec. 
**  with  the  King  and  Queen  j  and  for  my  part  I  believe  it  j  1641. 
**  becaufe    hee    hath    been   obferved  to   hold  councills  and 
'*  confultations  with  the  Lords  in  the  abfence  of  the   King 
**  that  have  been  againft  Epifcopacie  and  the  Bookeof  Common 
*'  Prayer  :   W'^'*    his    Ma*'*  fince    his   cominge     home    hath 
**  declaratively   refolved    to    uphold,    and   with    his    lyfe   to 
*•  mayntayne.     It  is  noyfed  there  will  bee  fuddenly  a  greate 


* 


> 


30 


Aflalls 
privilege  : 


Under 
Secretary 
Bere  to 
Penning- 
ton, 25th 
Nov. 
1641. 

Same  to 
fame, 
9th  Dec. 


Court 
changes. 


Same  to 

fame, 

23  rd  Dec. 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members, 

It  might  be  with  other  hopes  in  that  direc- 
tion, fecret  as  yet,  or  known  to  Pym  alone. 
He  had  aflailed  the  privileges  of  the  Commons 

**  remove  at  Court  of  cheifF  offic",  and  that  Sir  John  Banks 
**  fhall  be  Lord  Treas'.  Mr.  Nicleys  [Nicholas]  was  on 
"  Monday  laft  fworne  Secretary  of  State  and  knighted  j  and 
"  my  Lord  Savill  had  the  ftatF  given  him  at  Yorke  of  being 
'*  Treas""  of  the  King's  Houfehold  in  Mr.  Secret''  Ffane's 
"  place,  who  it  is  thought  will  not  bee  Secret^  long.  He 
*'  hath  very  ill  lucke,  to  bee  neither  loved  nor  pittied  of  any 
*'  man."  Some  few  days  before,  Sidney  Bere  had  written 
(MS.  25th  Nov.)  :  *'  At  Newcaltle  I  underftand  Mr.  Secretary 
*'  Vane  was  commanded  to  deliver  up  his  ftaffe  of  Treafur' j 
«  vvh'^^''  was  confered  att  Yorke  upon  my  Lord  Savile :  it  is 
*'  what  was  long  fpoken  of  &  expected  by  him,  and  foe  it 
*'  will  be  noe  greate  newes  to  you.  The  place  of  Secretary  he 
"  Hill  keepes  :  w'^*'  if  he  continue,  as  I  fee  no  great  appear- 
**  ance  to  the  contrary,  he  will  not  much  refle^k  on  the  loffe 
"  of  the  other."  Seven  days  later,  the  Under  Secretary  wrote 
again  (MS.  9th  Dec.  1641)  to  the  Admiral:  "The  report 
*'  goes  ftrong  with  us  that  many  great  removes  more  shallbe, 
*'  out  of  hand  j  what  ground  there  is  for  it,  I  cannot  tell,  but 
*'  thus  the  fpeech  goes  :  Sir  John  Bankes  to  be  Lo.  TreaP", 
'*  Chamberlaine  made  Admiiall,  and  Briftow  Chamberlaine; 
'*  Holland,  Newport,  and  fome  fay  Hamilton,  alfo  to  be 
"  difplaced.  In  the  mean  time  we  have  a  Lo. -Steward  w*='*  is 
"  Duke  of  Richmond.  And  thus  we  have  and  fhall  have 
*'  many  changes  and  removes  in  Court.  Sr  Henry  Vane  the 
"  Yonger,  its  generally  faid,  and  believed,  will  loofe  his  place. 
"  I  writt  you  of  it  by  my  laftj  and  mythinkes,  if  you  have 
"  a  thought  that  way,  a  timely  office  done  by  Mr.  Secretary, 
"  who  is  foe  much  your  friend,  might  be  of  good  ufe.'' 
Welcome  to  the  Admiral,  however,  as  the  place  of  Treafurer 
of  the  Navy  would  have  been  in  quieter  times,  the  troubled 
reports  of  his  correfpondcnts  appear  to  have  decided  him  not 
to  apply  for  it.  On  the  23d  Dec.  the  Under  Secretary 
writes  (MS.  State  Paper  Office),  after  mentioning  the  diflatif- 
faftion  of  the  Commons  at  the  removal  of  Young  Vane  : 
"  YetlHll,S' Wm.  Penningman  [Pennyman]  ftands  the  man 
*'  defigned  for  it,  though  as  yett  nothing  (to  my  beft  know- 
"  ledge)  hath  part  to  that  purpofe.  But  I  eafily  affent  to 
"  yo'  opinion  that  in  fuch  diltempered  tymes  as  thefe  are, 
"  you  have  little  defireto  multer  up  friends  for  any  employme' 
"  of  that  nature,  howfoever  it  were  to  be  wifhed  a  place  of 

**  that  truil   had  a  man  of  yo'  experience  and  worth but  I 

"  ftirre  noe  further  in  it,  fince  its  not  yo*"  pleafurc." 


^  IV.    Fatal  Mijlakes. 


31 


i 


i 


in  a  vital  point,  by  an  intemperate  meflage  of  interferes 
difapproval  during  their  difcufTion  of  a  bill  for  ^nder^   ^ 
raifing  foldiers  by  impreflment.     He  had  rafhly  difcuffion: 
iflued,  on  the  very  day  after  the  citizens  pre- 
fented  their  petition  againft  the  BIfhops,  a  pro-  Enforces 
clamation  commanding  the  fevere  execution  of  againft 
the  ftatutes  againft  all  who  fhould  bring  in  quef-  P^ri^^^s: 
tion  or  impugn  the  book  of  Common  Prayer. 
And  while  thus  harfti  in  prefling,  on  the  one 
hand,  the  law  againft  Puritan  opponents  of  the 
Church,    he    had    the    inconceivable   folly    to 
refpite  its  operation,  on  the  other,  in  favour  of 
certain  Roman  Catholic  priefts  who  had   in-  Remits 
curred  the  wrath  of  the  Commons   and   fallen  P^"^J'^* 

agamit 

under  fentence  of  the  courts,   and  whofe  lives  Roman 

1        •    ni      /*     r  ' ^  Catholics. 

lay  jultly  rorreit. 

What     occurred     thereupon    would    have 
daunted  a  fovereign  of  the  Tudor  line,  but 
Charles    the    Firft    had    as    little  of  the  bold 
refolution  a^  of  the  confiderate  fear  which  alone 
is  truly  valiant.     At  the  fame  feflions  when  Partial 
thefe  priefts  were  condemned  to  die,  there  had  o^^^hT^" 
alfo  been  condemned  to  death  feveral  men  for  laws. 
common  offences.     It  was  not  fuppofed  pof- 
fible,  after  a  reprieve  had  been  fent  to  the  Jefuit 
offenders,    that    their    fellow-prifoners,   con- 
demned for  offences  held  then  to  be  compara- 
tively venial,  would  be  executed.     An  order 
for  the  execution  was   neverthelefs   received, 
and   the    agitation  throughout  the    City   was 
extreme.     Monday  the   13  th  December  was 


a  0  ^  1-  i>^ 


32  Art  eft  of  the  Five  Members. 


Refifted 
by  the 
people. 


appointed  for  the  execution ;  but  on  the  pre- 
vious Sunday  evening  arms  had  been  fecretly 
conveyed  into  Newgate,  and  open  refiftance  was 
made  next  day  to  the  attempt  to  carry  out  the 
warrant.  The  refiftance  was  overmaftered  that 
night,  the  wealthier  citzens,  however  indignant 
at  the  King's  interference,  not  choofing  them- 
felves  to  interfere  againft  the  law ;  and  on  the 
Tuefday  the  men  were  hanged.*    The  incident 


Slingfbyto  *  I  difcover  thefe  curious  fafls  in  a  letter  which  Captain 
Penning-  Slingfby  writes  (MS.  State  Paper  Office)  to  Pennington  on 
ton,  i6th  *he  i6th  of  Dec.  (the  letter  is  dated  by  miftake  the  i6th 
Dec.  Jan.).   He  mentions  the  City  petition  againlt  the  Bifhopsand 

1 641.  tlieir  continued  attempts  to  enforce  the  Liturgy,  and  })roceeds: 

*'  The  next  day  after  the  delivery  of"  the  petition  the  King 
**  fett  out  a  proclamation  comaunding  the  levere  execution  of 
'*  the  lawes  againft  the  contemners  and  oppugners  of  the 
*'  Comon  Prayer  Booke  j  and  an  other  comaunding  all  men 
'*  whatfoever  that  had  right  to  fitt  in  Parliament  to  repaire 
"  thither  by  the  twelfth  of  Janu.  Thefe  gave  great  dlftaft  to 
**  that  fadion  of  the  Clttic  that  were  the  petitioners.  There 
*'  was  a  very  grcate  Seffions  the  laft  weeke,  where  there  were 
**  feven  priefts  condemned  but  reprieved  by  the  Kinge : 
"  many  for  other  crimes:  Munday  laft  being  appointed  for 
''  their  execution.  Some  body  had  conveighed  fome  armes 
Attack  "  i"fo  Newgate  to  them  the  night  before :  io  y*  they  ceazed 
upon  **  upon  the   prifon,   and   ftood  upon  ther  defenfe   moft  part 

Newgate.  **  ^^  ^^^^  ^^Y  '-  but  at  night  were  overmaftered  and  the  next 
'*  day  hanged  ....  the  Houfe  is  much  diftr36}ed  at  the  re- 
"  pricvc  of  the  Priefts,  and  att  the  forraigne  AmbafTadors  for 
*'  medllng  in  itt,  efpecially  at  theFrenche,  who  did  lay  downe 
"  fome  reaibns  w^"^  did  aggravate  ther  dlftaft."  Clarendon 
has  not  noticed  this  remarkable  incident,  nor  is  it  mentioned  in 
any  of  the  hiftories,  but  in  adverting  to  Secretary  Winde- 
bank's  flight  he  leaves  us  no  room  to  doubt  the  view  he  was 
himfelf  difpofed  to  take  of  fuch  a  "fufpending  power"  as 
Charles  was  practically  exerting  in  thefe  reprievals  of  popifti 
Reprievals  offenders.  *'  I  could  never  yet  learn,"  he  fays,  fpeaking  of 
of  Popifti  the  conduct  of  the  leaders  of  the  Houfe,  *' the  true  reafbn 
offenders.  *'  why  they  fuffcred  Secretary  Windebank  to  efcape  their 
"  juftice,  againft  whom  they  had  more  pregnant  teftimony  of 
**  offences  within  the  verge  of  the  law  than  againft  any 
*<  perfon  they  have  accufcd  iince  this  parliament,  and  of  feme 


\  IV.     Fatal  Miftckes. 


33 


» 


left  fuch  a  fenfe  rankling  in  the  breafts  of  all  A  time  for 

clafles  of  citizens,  as  the  wifiom  of  the  moft 

powerful  of  princes    might   have  feared ;  but 

Charles  the  Firft  only  the  more  bethought  him 

how  better  to  reftrain  and  curb  thefe  favflious 

and   rebellious  citizens.      And   as,  for  other  Difaftrous 

r  1  •  '1111  1  J-  relblve  of 

reaions,  his  mmd  had  b^en  broodmg  over  a  t^e  King, 
meafure  on  which  he  had  lately  refolved,  to 
obtain  more  complete  command  of  the  Tower, 
he  felecfled  this  precife  time  to  give  effecft  to 
an  intention  which  was  to  carry  with  it  the 
moft  difaftrous  confequences. 

The  Tower  commanded  the  City.  It  was  T'he 
the  "  Bridle"  to  the  too  reftlefs  citizens, 
as  the  courtiers  commonly  called  it;*  and  it 
was  eflential  not  more  to  the  fifety  of  thofe 
well  affedled  to  the  Houfe  of  Commons  than 
to  the  fecurity  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons 
itfelf,  that  its  Governor  ftiould  be  a  man  in  and  its 
whofe   good   faith  they  had  confidence.     Sir    °^^^'^°'"' 

'*  that,  it  may  be,  might  have  proved  capital,  and   fo  their 

'*  appetite   or  blood  might   have  been  fatilfied  ;  for,  befides 

"  his  frequent  letters  of  intercefTion   in  his  own  name,  and  Winde- 

*'  figniflcation  of   his  Majefty's    plealure,    on    the    behalf  of  bank's 

**  papifts  and  priefts,  to  the  judges,  and  to  other  minilters  of  (.j-ir^e  and 

**  juftice,  and  prote6\ions    granted  by  himfelf  to  priefts  that  efcape. 

**  nobody  fhould  moleft  them,  he  harboured  fome  prielfs  in 

'*  his  own   houfe,  knowing  them  to  be  fuch,  which,  by  the 

"  ftatutes  made  in  the  29th  year  of  Qjieen  Elizabeth,  is  made 

"  felony  j  and  there  were  fome  warrants  under  his  own  hand 

'*  for  the  releafe  of  priefts  out  of  Newgate  who  were  aftually 

*'  attainted  ot  treafon,  and  condemned  to  be  hanged,  drawn, 

**  and  quarteied  :  which,  by  the  ftri6l  letter  of  the  ftatute,  the 

**  lawyers  faid,  would  have  been  very  penal  to  him." — Hiji.  i. 

311-312. 

•  Clarendon,  HiJ}.  li.  81. 


34 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members, 


Balfour 
removed 


His  infa- 
mous 
charafter. 


William  Balfour  was  fuch  a  man,  as  he  had 
fhown  by  his  refolute  refufal  of  enormous 
proffered  bribes  to  connive  at  the  efcape  of 
Strafford.  But  Balfour,  the  tried  friend  of 
the  Parliament,  was  now  fuddenly  removed 
from  this  all-important  command,  and  it 
became  known,  on  Chriftmas  eve,  that  in  his 
LunfTord  place  there  had  been  appointed  a  foldier  of  evil 
appoin  t  •  (^j^j^j-j^^gj.  ^j^j  infamous  name,  whofe  only  con- 
ceivable q'lalification  could  have  been,  that  of 
prefenting  himfelf  to  the  Court  as  a  mere 
defperate  tool  for  any  kind  of  recklefs  fervice.* 
He  was  a  man,  fays  Sir  Simonds  D'Ewes, 
given  to  drinking,  fwearing,  quarrelling,  and 
other  vices  ;  much  in  debt,  and  very  defperate. f 
More  than  ten  years  before  the  prefent  date 
Lord  Dorfet  had  charaderifed  him  as  a  young 
outlaw  who  feared  neither  God  nor  man,  and 
who  took  a  glory  to  be  efteemed  rather  a 
fwaggering  ruffian  than  the  iiTue  of  an  ancient 
and  honeft  family.  He  belonged  to  the  army 
of  the  North,  and  had  been  deeply  involved 
in  the  plots  for  bringing  it  up  to  overawe  the 
Parliament. 

Clarendon  cannot  but  admit  that  fuch  was 
with  Lord  ^^^  confefTed  and  notorious  repute  of  Lunfford, 
Digby.      who  was  ncverthelefs  companion  and  friend  to 

LunlTord*s  *  The  warrant  of  the  appointment  of  **our  trufty  and 
warrant.  "  well- beloved  fcrvant  Col.  Thomas  Lunfford,"  is  in  the 
State  Paper  Office.  It  is  given  "  under  our  lignet  at  our 
"  Court  at  Whitehall  the  izd  Day  of  December  1641,"  and 
is  addrelfed  to  Lords  Manthclter,  Doriet,  Dunlmore  and 
New  burgh.  f  Harl.  MSS.  162,  f  272  b. 


His  clofe 


§  IV.     Fatal  Miftakes, 


35 


1 


his  excellent  friend  Lord  Digby ;  and  he  ex- 
plains with  fufficient  franknefs,  though  after  his 
ufual  fafhion,  the  objedl  of  the  King  and  Lord  objea  in 
Digby  in  appointing  him.*  It  was,  that,  ing  him : 
having  now  fome  fecret  reafon  (which,  he 
interpofes  but  his  editors  omitted,  *^was  not  a 
**  good  one  ")  to  fill  that  place  in  the  inflant 
with  a  man  who  might  be  trufted,  this  man 

*   His  account  of   Lunfford's  appointment   is  indeed    in  Claren- 
every  way  hii^hly  chara6ieriftic.   Sir  William  Balfour  having,  don's 
he  fays,  had  from  the  beginning  of  this  parliament,  **  accord-  account 
**  ing  to  the  natural  cultom  of  his    country"    (Balfour  was  of  the 
a   Scotchman,  and  by  the  prudence  of  Hyde's   firft  editors  appoint- 
thefe  words  are  eraled  from  all  the  ordinary  editions),  '*  forgot  ment. 
"  all   his  obligations  to  the   King  .  .  .  there   had    been    a 
*'  long  refolution  to  remove  him  from  that  charge  .  .  .  yet 
"  there  was  neither  notice  or  fufpicion  of  it,  till  it  was  heard, 
"  that  Sir  Thomas  LunlTord  was  fworn   Lieutenant  of  the 
**  Tower  J    a  man  who,  though   of   an    ancient   family   in 
**  SufTex,  was  ot  a  very  fmall  and  decayed  fortune,  and  of  no 
**  good  education  j  having   been   few   years  before  compelled 
**  to  fly  the  kingdom,  to  avoid  the  hand  of  juftice  for  fome 
**  riotous  mifdemeanour  ...  he  was  fo  little  known,  except 
"  upon  the  difadvantage  of  an  ill  character,  that,  in  the  moft 
**  dutiful  time,   the  promotion  would    have    appeared    very 
'*  ungrateful."     And   then  follows  one  of  thofe  fentences  of  Clouds  of 
endlefs   involution,  and  confufion   of  all   relatives  and  ante-  words, 
cedents,  fiom  which  it  is  extremely  difficult  to  elicit  the  precife 
meaning.     He  afferts  that  Lunlford's  appointment  was  (ecretly 
the  work  of  Lord   Digby,  who   had   meant  to  give  it  to  his 
brother,  "  but  he  (the  brother)  being  not  at  that  time  in  town, 
"  and  the  ether  ^"^  ((tri(5^1y  this  ought  to  mean  the  king,  but 
Lord    Digby    feenis    really    meant)    "  having   fome    fecret  Digby  the 
*'  reafon  (which  was  not  a  good  one)"  the  latter  words  alfo  'fcapegoat, 
are  erafed  from  the  ordinary  editions — '*to  fill  that  place  in 
*'  the  inftant  with  a  man  who  might  be  trulled  ;  he  fuddenly 
"  refolved  upon  this  gentleman,  as  one  who  would  be  faithful 
"  to  him  for  the  obligation,  and  execute  anything  he  fhould 
**  defire  or  dire6l," — hold  fail  the  five  members,  for  example, 
if  he  could  once  get  them  fhut  up  in  the  Tower  ?     But  how 
monlhous  the  attempt  of  Clarendon  to  put  up  Digby  in  fuch 
a  purpofe  as  the  'fcapegoat  for  the  King — if  (which  perhaps 
is  doubtful)  the  lafl  quoted  "^^"   muft  be  taken  to  ftand  for 
Digby  and  not  for  the  King  himfelf. 

D  2 


I 


36 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members, 


A  man  to  was  fuddenly  refolved  upon  as  one  who  would 
anything:  be  faithful  for  this  obligation,  and  execute  any- 
thing that  fhould  be  defired  or  direded.  A 
laboured  periphrafis,  which  BifViop  Warburton 
puts  into  plain  fpeech  when  he  writes  upon  the 
margin  of  the  page  containing  it,  that  the 
and  keep  objed  was  *'  to  keep  the  five  members  fafe 
*^  whom  it  was  determined  to  arreft."  *^  So 
^'  as  now/'  writes  D'Ewes,  in  that  entry  of 
his  Journal  of  the  24th  of  December  which 
reports  the  difcuflion  upon  Lunfford's  cha- 
rader,  preferves  the  angry  fpeeches  refpedling 
him  of  the  members  for  York,  Middlefex, 
and  Eflex  (Sir  William  Alifon,  Sir  Gilbert 
Gerrard,  and  Sir  William  Mafham),  fets  down 
the  King's  proclamation  confirming  the  appoint- 
ment, and  laments  over  the  vote  of  the  Lords 
declining  to  join  the  Commons  in  prayers  that 
it  fhould  be  cancelled,*  **  So  as  now  all  things 


the  five 

members, 

once 

arrefted, 

fafe. 


Lords  who 
fided  with 
majority  in 
Commons. 


Duke  of 
Rich- 
mond's 
fally:  z6th 
Jan. 
1641-2. 


•  The  minority  of  twenty-two  peers  who  protefted  againft 
this  too  fcrupulous  objc6lion  to  interfere  with  the  King's 
prerogative  of  placing  or  difpUcing  his  officers,  gives  us  the 
names  of  the  leading  members  of  the  popular  party  in  the 
Upper  Houfe.  They  were  the  Earls  ot  Northumberland, 
EHcx,  Pembroke,  Bedford,  Warwick,  Bolingbrokc,  Newport, 
Suffolk,  Cariille,  Holland,  Clare,  and  Stamford,  and  the  Lords 
Say  and  Seale  (old  Subtlety  as  he  was  called),  Wharton,  St. 
John,  Spencer,  North,  Kimbolton,  Brooke,  Grey  de  Werk, 
Kobartcs,  and  Howard  de  Efcricke.  It  may  be  worth  adding 
that,  a  very  few  weeks  later,  upon  the  incident  of  the  26th 
Jan.  164.1-2,  when  the  Duke  of  Richmond  perpetrated  his 
famous  fally  of  propofmg  to  evade  the  Militia  bill,  lent 
up  from  the  Commons,  by  adjourning  for  fix  months, 
twenty-four  Peers  entered  a  protcft  againft  ihe  vote  requiring 
the  Duke  to  make  fubmiflion  and  alk  pardon,  as  *'  not  a 
**  fufficient  punillmient  for  words  of  that  daingerous  confe- 
*•  quence."     On   this   occafion   feventeen  of   the   foregoing 


\ 


A 


§  IV.     Fatal  Mijiakes. 


37 


*' haften   apace   to    confufion   and   calamity  ;  Evil  fore- 

**  from  which   I   fcarce  fee  any   poflibility  in  sir  Simon 

^^  human    reafon    for    this  poor    Church    and  ^  ^^^^* 

**  Kingdom  to  be   delivered.      My  hope  only 

'^  is  in  the  goodnefs  of  that  God  who  hath 

*'  feveral  times  during  this  parliament  already 

*^  been   feen  in  the  Mount,  and  delivered  us 

'^  beyond  the  expedlations  of  ourfelves  and  of 

*^  our  enemies,  from  the  jaws  of  deftruction."* 

An  addrefs   for  Lunfford*s  removal  was  that  Addrefs 

day   voted  in    the   Lower  Houfe    without   a^^^^fYord'- 

difTentient    voice  ;    and    the  Conftable  of  the  removal. 

Tower,   the  Earl  of  Newport,  was   requefted 

for  the  prefent  to  take  command  of  the  place 

and  to  lodge  therein. 

The  defire   of  the  Houfe  was  conveyed  to 
Lord  Newport  by  Sir  Thomas  Harrington  and 
Mr.  Henry  Marten,  who  were  informed  there- 
upon that  hewas  no  longer  Conftable.  The  King  Difmiffal 
had  fuddenly  difmifTed  him  for  an  alleged  dif-  Newport 
loyal  fpeech  during  the  royal  abfence  in  Scotland. 
The  incident  further  ftiows  in  what  diredion 
all    was    now    rapidly    tending.      The    charge  The 
againft  Lord  Newport  was  that  on  the  occa-  Lainft 
fion  of  a  meeting  held  at  Kenfington,  at  which  ^'™  - 
Pym  and  Lord  Kimbolton  were  prefent,  as  well 


names  reappeared,  with  omiflTion  of  thofe  of  Lords  Newport, 
Carlifle,  Clare,  Say  and  Seale,  and  North,  but  with  addition 
of  thofe  of  the  Earls  of  Lincoln  and  Leiccfter,  of  Vifcount 
Conway,  and  of  Lords  Chandois,  Hundfdon,  Paeet,  and 
Willoughby  de  Parham.  See  Sir  K.dph  Veiney  s  Notes^ 
p.  14.9.  *  Harl.  MSS.  162,  f  278  b. 


1 


38 


A  pro- 
polal  to 
feize  hofta- 
ges  for  the 
King's 
good  faith . 


The  lie 
given  to 
Lord 
Newport, 
2+th  Dec. 


The  lie 
retracted, 
Dec.  29th. 


Warnings 
in  the 
interval. 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

as  Nathaniel  Fiennes,  his  father  Lord  Say 
and  Seale  (old  Subtlety),  Lord  Wharton, 
Lord  Dungarvon,  and  Sir  John  Clotworthy, 
upon  fome  difcourfe  of  an  apprehended 
defign  to  overawe  the  Parliament  by  means 
of  the  army  of  the  North,  the  Earl  had 
remarked,  ''  If  there  be  fuch  a  plot,  yet 
**  here  are  his  wife  and  children,"*  meaning 
that  thefe  might  be  feized  as  hoftages.  Taxed 
with  the  words  by  the  King  himfelf.  Lord 
Newport  indignantly  denied  them :  upon  which, 
with  infulting  addition,  the  queftion  was  re- 
peated:  *'  You  can  tell  me  nothing  more  than 
**  I  know  already  ;  therefore  confider  well 
"  what  you  anfwer.**  Lord  Newport  anfwered 
with  vehement  repetition  of  his  denial ;  and 
the  King,  contemptuoufly  profefTing  forrow  for 
his  Lordfhip's  memory,  intimated  that  he  was 
no  longer  Conftable  of  the  Tower,  and  turned 
upon  his  heel.  That  was  on  the  afternoon  of 
Friday  the  24th  December.  On  Wednefday 
the  29th  the  King  informed  the  Houfe  of 
Lords  that  he  had  never  believed  the  charge 
againft  the  Earl,  and  defired  it  to  be  with- 
drawn. 

Such  was  the  wonderful,  the  almoft  incre- 
dible levity  of  Charles  the  Firft,  in  matters  of 
accufation  the  moft  grave.  Between  that 
24th   and    29th   of  December   the  afpeft   of 

*    See     Commons    Journals    (Tuefday    28th    December), 
ii.  359. 


§  V.     Pym  and  the  King, 


39 


t 


i 


affairs    had    grown    more    ferious,    frequent  Sudden 
gatherings  together  of  large  numbers  of  the  ^he  King! 
people  had  increafed,  difcontent  took  a  threaten- 
ing afped,  and  on  the  eve  of  the  moft  defperate 
refolution  of  his  life,   his  wavering  irrefolute 
temper  feemed  to  have  yielded  fuddenly.     The 
withdrawal  of  the  charge  againft  Lord  Newport 
was  one  indication  ;   but  another,  much  more  Extraor- 
remarkable,  and   hitherto  unfufpedled   by  any  dmrmina- 
hiftorian,  is  now  to  be  difclofed.  ^^^^  ^^^^"• 

§  V.    Pym  and  the  King. 

Beyond  all  queftion  the  moft  popular  man  Popularity 
in    England   at   this   time   was    Pym.      T^^^t^der 
attempts  made  upon  his  life  during  the  debates  of  the 

n  1      1  n      i_        •      Commons. 

on  the  Remonftrance,  and  above  all  the  vic- 
tory obtained  in  that  ftruggle,  had  raifed  him 
even  higher  than  during  the  memorable  con- 
flidl  with  Strafford.  It  was  not  fimply  that 
ne  was  the  foremoft  man  in  the  Parliament 
by  which  fo  much  had  been  achieved  for  the 
people,  or  that  its  very  exiftence  was  in 
fome  meafure  due  to  him,  but  alfo  that  heltscaufes. 
alone  reprefented  in  his  perfon  the  parlia- 
ments of  former  years,  and  thofe  ufages 
and  precedents,  become  fince  the  very  bul- 
warks of  freedom,  which  had  only  then  been 
won  by  the  hard  and  defperate  endurance,  the 
long  imprifonments,  not  feldom  the  deaths, 
of  the  great  men  of  the  paft.  In  him  the 
people  ftill  faw  the  Cokes,  the  Eliots,  the  Sir 


I 


40 


Pym  Im- 
prifoned 
for  his 
opinions 
in  16 14. 


A  member 
of  the  Par- 
liament of 
1620. 


One  of 

James  the 
Firft's 
"  twelve 
**  king 


n 


Antiquary 
Cotton's 
fufFerings 
at  leizure 
of  his 
library. 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members, 

Robert  Cottons,*  remembered  and  honored 
as  the  earhefl:  martyrs  of  the  Stuart  Kings. 
He  had  himfelf  been  the  inmate  of  a  ftate 
prifon,  as  the  reward  for  his  condud:  as  a  repre- 
fentative  of  the  people,  now  nearly  eight-and- 
twenty  years  ago.  He  had  been  a  leading 
member  in  that  wife  and  noble  aflembly 
which  met  in  1620,  and  abolifhed  the  in- 
famous monopolies  at  that  time  eating  out 
the  heart  of  the  kingdom. f  He  was  one  of  the 
twelve  who  carried  their  famous  declaration  to 
King  James  at  Newmarket,  when  the  quick- 
witted fhrewd  old  monarch  called  out,  *' Chairs! 
'*  chairs  !  here  be  twal  kynges  comin  !  *'  In  all 
the  fubfequent  parliaments  of  that  and  the 
fucceeding  reign  he  had  played  a  diftinguifhed 
part ;  and  when,  after  intermifTion  of  thofe 
conventions  for  twelve  years,  they  met  once 
more  in  April  1640,  and  men  gazed  upon 
each  other  looking  who   ihould  begin,  much 

*  On  pretence  of  a  charge  that  he  had  furnifhed  precedents 
to  Scldcn  and  Eliot,  Sir  Robert  Cotton's  noble  library  was 
ftized  and  held  by  the  King,  and  unable  to  furvive  its  lofs 
the  great  fcholar  died.  "When,"  fays  D'Ewes,  "  I  went 
"  fevcral  times  to  vifit  and  comfort  him  in  the  year  1630,  he 
*'  would  tell  me  they  had  broken  his  heart  that  had  locked  up 
"  his  library  from  him  .  .  .  He  was  fo  outworn  within  a 
*'  few  months,  with  anguifh  and  grief,  as  his  face,  which  had 
**  formerly  been  ruddy  and  well  colored,  was  wholly  changed 
**  into  a  grim  and  blackifh  palenefs,  near  to  the  refeinblancc 
"  and  hue  of  a  dead  viiage.'*  A  few  months  afterward  he 
was  dead. 

■f  "  A  parliament"  it  is  well  faid  by  the  leading  liberal 
ftatefman  of  our  time,  **  to  which  every  Englifhman  ought 
"  to  look  back  with  reverence."  Lord  John  Rufl^tll's  EJfay 
on  the  Hijhry  of  the  Englijh  Go'vernment  andConJiitution^  p.  50. 


§  V.     Pym  and  the  King, 


41 


1' 


the  greater  part,  as  Clarendon    fays,   having  Rifes  to 
never  before  fat  in   Parliament,  there  quietly  ofYeader: 

arofe  to  his  place  at  tlieir  head  the  man  above  April, 

.  ,  164.0. 

all  others  qualified  by  experience,  by  eloquence, 

and  by  courage  to  lead  the  Englifh  people.     It 

was  then  that  Pym's  extreme  influence  ftruck 

root,  and  his  name  became  a  word  familiar  over 

England.      This   was   he  who,   in    that  brief 

Parliament  fo   fatally  diffolved,  had  told  the 

wonderful  ftory  of  their  wrongs,  which  was  all 

it  bequeathed  to  the  fuflPering  millions.     This 

was  he  who  chiefly  had  wreflied  from  the  Court 

its  affent  to  the  greater  and  ftronger  Parliament, 

from  which  at  laft  redrefs  was  come.      This  was 

he  who,  on  the  iflue  of  the  writs  for  that  memo-  Qiialities 

rable  aflembly,   had    with     Hampden     ridden  ^j^ 


ices 


England   throup;h,    to  urge  upon  all  its  inha- ^^hich  er- 

t)  o    •'  or  \        r   dearedhim 

bitants  their  duties  and  their  right,    to  chooletothe 
honefl:ly  and  petition  freely.     This  finally  was  P^^P^^- 
he  who  fince  had  broken  down  for   ever  the 
tyranny  of  Strafi^ord  and  of  Laud,  and  who  now 
had  publiflied  to  the  world  the  Great  Remon- 
fl:rance.     Shall  we  wonder  if  every  nook  and 
corner  of  the  kingdom  were  pervaded  with  his 
influence  and  renown,  and  that,  fo  identified 
with  the  pafl:,  on  him  it  might  almofl:  feem 
exclufively    to  rell   what    the  future    was   to 
bring.     *'  I  think  Mr.  Pym  was  at  this  time,*'  ciaren- 
fays    Clarendon,  ''the  mofl:  popular  man,  and  ^,!|j"^f^g ^^ 
''  the  mofl:  able  to  do  hurt,   that  hath  lived  in  Pym^s  ^ 

popularity. 

*'  any  time.** 


42  Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members, 

Former  Already  once  the  King  had  turned  to  him  in 

witiiThe' ^  ^  ^^^'"'t)le  extremity.  When  the  fcheme  was 
King.  on  foot  to  fave  the  life  of  Strafford  he  had 
offered  Pym  the  Chancellorfliip  of  the  Exche- 
quer. Clarendon,  who  ftates  the  matter  not 
unfairly,  fays  the  offer  came  too  late,  for  that 
Pym  and  his  friends  could  not  then  permit 
the  Earl  to  live ;  and  he  regrets  its  failure  on 
the  ground  that  it  would  have  given  the  King 
fome  able  men  to  advife  and  affift  him.* 
Strange  and  ftartling  as  it  feems,  amid  the 
events  I  am  here  defcribing,  the  King  appears 
to  have  now  again,  even  with  what  he  after- 
wards alleged  to  be  the  proof  of  treafon  in  his 
Negotia-    hand,  opened  a  negotiation  with  the  parliament- 

tions  again  i       j        r  /-     i         / 

opened.      ^^7   leader  tor  acceptance  of  the  fame  office. 
The  details  1  have  not  been  able  to  afcertain. 

Why  the  *  There  is  much  befide  faid  by  Clarendon  on  this  head, 
King's  wliich,  though  coloured  of  tourlc  by  his  peculiar  manner 
efforts  to  ^"^  ^""**»  tlirows  light  upon  the  real  caulcs  of  the  failure  of 
conciliate  ^^V'^ry  effort  at  accomoda  ion  :  "  But  the  rule  the  King  gave 
failed.  "  himfclf  (very   rcalonablc  at  another  time)  that  they  (hould 

"  firft  do  Icrvice  and  compafs  this  or  that  thing  lor  him, 
"  before  they  fhould  receive  favour,  was  then  very  unfeafon- 
"  able  i  fince,  bcfidcs  that  they  could  not  in  tiu.li  do  him  that 
"  fcrvice  without  the  qualification,  it  could  not  be  expe(5led 
*'  they  would  defeit  that  fide,  by  the  powe.-  of  which  they 
**  were  fure  to  make  themfelves  confiderabie,  without  an 
"  unqueltiunable  mark  of  intercll  in  the  other,  hy  which  they 
**  were  to  keep  up  their  power  and  repuration.  And  fo 
'*  whilll  the  Kingcxpedcd  they  fhould  manifeft  .heir  inclina- 
"  tions  to  his  Icrvice  by  their  temper  and  moderation  in  thofe 
"  pro(  eedings  that  molt  offended  him,  and  they  endeavoured, 
"  by  doing  all  the  hurt  they  could,  to  make  evident  the  power 
"  they  had  to  do  him  good,  he  grew  fb  far  duobligcd  and 
'*  provoked  that  he  rould  not  in  honour  gratify  them,  and 
"  they  lb  obnoxious  and  guilty  that  they  could  not  think 
*'  themfelves  fecure  in  his  favour."     Hij}.  ii.  6i. 


% 


\ 


§  v.     Pym  and  the  King, 

beyond    the    fadl    that    the  offer  was    made 
to    Pym    alone.       King    Pym*     the    people 

*  The  reader  may  perhaps  be  amufed  by  one  or  two 
examples  of  the  ufe  the  Koyalilt  libellers  made  of  this 
epithet.     As  thus  : 

Your  ferious  fubtilty  is  grown  fo  grave. 

We  dare  not  tell  you  how  much  power  you  have. 

At  leaft  you  dare  not  hear  us.     How  you  frown 

If  we  but  fay,  King  Pym  wears  Charles's  crown ! 

•  *  •  • 

Well,  we  vow 
Not  to  afl  anything  you  difallow  : 
We  will  not  dare  at  your  ffrange  votes  to  jeer 
Nor  perlbnate  King  Pym  with  his  flate-flcar! 

The  Players"  Petition. 
Or  again  :  from  Pym's  Anarchy : 

Afk  me  no  more  why  Strafford's  dead, 

And  why  we  aimed  fo  at  his  head  ? 

Faith,  all  the  anfwer  I  can  give, 

'Tis  thought  he  was  too  wile  to  live  ! 
«  ♦  «  ♦ 

Afk  me  no  more  why  in  this  age 

I  fmg  lb  fliarp  without  a  cage  .... 

This  anfwer  I  in  brief  do  fing  ; 

All  things  were  thus  when  Pym  was  King. 

Or,  from  the  i^e-uo  Diurnall: 

And  yet  their  Rebellion  fo  neatly  they  trim 

They  fight  for  the  King,  but  they  mean  for  King  Pym. 

Or,  from  that  Epigram  upon  The  Parliament's  Beliefs  which 
fhows  how  far  fuch  libellers  could  go  : 

Is  there  no  God  ?  let's  put  it  to  a  vote. 

Is  there  no  Church  ?  lome  fools  fay  lb  by  rote. 

Is  there  no  King,  but  Pym,  for  to  affcnt 

What  fhall  be  done  by  Ac'-f  of  Parliament  ? 

No  God,  no  Church,  no  King — then  all  were  well 

If  they  could  but  ena61  there  were  no  Hell. 

Or,  from  the  Ca'valiers  Prayer : 

Lawn  flceves  and  furplices  muft  go  down, 
For  why,  King  Pym  doth  fway  the  crown — 
But  all  are  Bifhops  that  wear  a  Black  Gown, 

Which  nobody  can  deny. 

Or,  finally  (for  fuch  illuftrations  might  be  indefinitely  pro- 
longed),   from    the   libel    of   which   the   opening    lines  alfo 


43 


Royalifl 
libellers 
of  Pym. 


Things 
done  when 
Pym  was 
King. 


A  pro- 

pofed 

enaftment. 


44 

King 
Pym  ; 


Secret    in 

fluence 

over 

King 

Charles. 


Chides  the 
members 
for  late 
attend- 
ance. 


Happieft 
in  Irorms, 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

called  him  ;    and  the  incident,  one  of  the  laft 
before   the  country   fcparated  into  two  hoftile 
camps,  and  hardly  credible  if  fimply   related 
as  from  King  to  fubjed,  might   indeed   rather 
feem   to  exprefs  the  relation   of  fovereign  to 
fovereign.       But  Charles  had  always,   as  will 
fufficiently    be    feen    throughout    this    narra- 
tive,   a  feeling  towards    the   great    leader   of 
t\\^    oppofition    againil:  him,    which    appeared 
ftrangely  to  flu6luate  between  defire  and  dread. 
In    the    correfpondence   between    himfelf  and 
his  Queen,  Pym's   name  is   that  which  mod 
frequently    occurs,  whether   the  defign  be  to 
mveigle  and  fnare,  or  more  openly  to  denounce, 
the     moft    powerful     of    the     parliamentary 
leaders;*    and    even    in     the    Royalift    fongs 
againfl:  the  popular  tribune  there  is  that  which 
expreffes,  though  very  often  in  mcft  extrava- 

curioiidy  reflca  Pym's  continuous  and  zealous  efforts  to 
enforce  that  tarly  and  full  attendance  at  the  Houfe  in  which 
lo  many  members  of  even  the  popular  party  were  fo  fre- 
quently lemiis  : 

Truth  !   1  could  chide  you  Friends  !  why  how  fo  late  > 
My  watch  fpeaks  eight  and  not  one  pin  o  th'  Hate 
This  day  undone  !      Can  fuch  remilhcfle  fit 
Your  aaive  fpirits,  or  my  more  Hellifh  wit  ? 
The  fun  each  flep  he  mounts  to  Heaven's  crown 

Whim  Pym  commands,  fhould  fee  a  kingdome  down 

♦  ♦  ♦  °« 

Thus  whilom  feated  was  Great  James's  Heir 
Jull  as  you  fee  me  now,  T  th'  Kingdom's  Chair. 

Calmes  proper  are  for  guiltleffe  fons  of  Peace 
Our  veilcls  bear  out  belt  in  flormy  fcas.  * 

Charles  muft  not  reign  fecure  whilft  reigns  a  Pym : 
The  lun,  if  it  rife  with  us,  mult  let  with  him. 

•  See  n,y  Hijl.  ^  Biog.  EJfuys,  i.  ,,.       ^^'"'''  '^'""'°'  "^°- 


§  V.      Pym  and  the  King. 


45 


gant  forms,  a  fomethino;  that  yet  involves  him  Songs  and 
more  clofely  with  the  King  than  is  attempted  againft  the 
againft  any  other  of  the  zealous  and  adllve  men  P^^ha- 
upon   whom    thofe    recklefs    libellers    emptied 
moft  eagerly  their  ribaldry  and  fcorn.* 

*  For  one  inftance  take  the  following  :  felefted  from  many 
of  a  fimilar  character: 

(The  Humble  Petition  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons) . 

Next,  for  the  State,  we  think  it  fit 
That  Mr.  Pym  fhould  govern  it, 

He's  very  poor : 
The  money  that's  for  Ireland  writ. 
Faith,  let  tiiem  have  the  Devil  a  bit. 

We'll  afk  no  more. 


(The  King'^s  Anfiver  to  the  Humble  Petition). 

When  you  no  more  fliall  dare  hereafter 

A  needleffe  thing  which  gains  much  laughter, 

Granted  before  j 
When  Pym  is  fent  1 1  elan  J  to  (laughter 
And  ne'er  more  hofes  to  marry  my  daughter ^ 

You'll  afk  no  more. 

To  this  I  may  add  fome  lines  Upon  Mr.  Pym's  Pic- 
ture, which  through  all  their  violent  abufe  yet  exprefs  a 
kind  of  awe  and  terror  at  the  man's  predominance  and  power. 

Reader,  behold  the  counterfeit  of  him 
Who  now  controuls  the  Land — Almighty  Pym  ! 
A  man  whom  even  the  Devil  to  fear  begms, 
And  dares  not  trult  him  with  fucccfflefs  fins. 
A  man  who  now  is  wading  through  the  Flood 
Of  reverend  Laud's  and  noble  Strafford's  blood. 
To  Itrike  fo  high  as  to  put  Bifliops  down 
And  in  the  Mitre  to  controul  the  Crown. 

The  wretch  hath  mighty  thoughts,  and  entertains 
Some  glorious  mifchief  in  his  aflive  brains, 
Where  now  he's  plotting  to  make  England  fuch 
As  may  outvie  the  viilany  of  the  Dutch  : 
He  dares  not  go  to  Heaven,  'caufe  he  doth  feare 
To  meet  (and  not  pull  down)  the  Bilhops  there ! 

Is  it  not  ftrange  that  in  that  fhuttle  head 
Three  kingdomcs'  ruines  fhould  be  buried  ? 


Pym  and 

the 

*'  King's 

daugh- 


ter. 


W 


Pym's 

picture. 


Muft 
avoid 
Heaven 
for  fear  of 
Bifhops. 


46 


Pym's 
conftitu- 
tional 
opinions. 


Alter- 
nately held 
up  for 
avoidance 
and  for 
example. 


Charafler- 
iftics  of  his 
oratory. 


Pym's  lall 

refting- 

place. 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 

Remarkable  in  every  refpedl  indeed  was 
the  mingled  influence  exerted  by  this  famous 
member  of  the  Commons  over  the  Sovereign 
whofe  defliiny  he  fo  largely  controlled,  and  who 
never  feems  to  have  raifed  againft  him  the  hand 
to  fl:rike  but  with  amifgiving  that  paralyfed  its 
aim,  and  foon  or  late  brought  himfelf  into  the 
fuppliant  poflure  to  which  he  would  have  re- 
duced hisadverfary.  Still  Pym  is  ever  the  perfon 
fingled  out  for  notice  by  Charles,  and  (till  the 
evil  and  the  good  alternate.  Again  and  again, 
during  the  paper  war  which  attended  the  events 
I  am  relating,  and  ufhered  in  the  more  terrible 
war,  Charles  is  found  recurring  to  his  fpeeches 
for  caufes  of  indignant  proteft,  of  expoftulation, 
of  reproach ;  but  the  day  as  furely  comes  later  in 
the  ftruggle,  when  Pym  is  lying  in  his  grave 
in  Weftminfter  Abbey,*  when  his  place  is 
occupied  by  ilerner  and  lefs  fcrupulous  men, 
and  when  the  poor  King  is  fain  to  ranfack  the 
very  fpeeches  in  which  once  he  found  nothing 
but  rebellion,  for  maxims  of  conflitutional  lore, 
for  jufl:  expofitions  of  the  monarchy,  for  coun- 
fels    to    refped    the    law.      Thefe,   the    mofl: 

Is  it  not  ftrange  there  fhoiild  be  hatch'd  a  Plot 
Whirh  fhuuld  outdoe  the  Tieafon  ot  the  Scot, 
And  even  the  malice  of  a  Puritan  ? 

Reader  behold,  and  hate  the  poyfonous  man  ! 

The  Pi6tul•c'^  like  him  :  yet  'tis  very  fit 

He  adde  one  likenefs  more — that's— //^//g-,  like  it  ! 

*  "  Mr.  Pym  was  buried  with  wonderful  pomp  and  mag- 
'<  nifirence  in  the  place  where  the  bones  of  our  Englifh  kings 
'*  and  piinces  are  committed  to  their  reft." — Clarendon,  Hijl. 
iv.  44-1. 


I 


.1 


§  V.     Fym  and  the  King. 

flriking  qualities  of  the  orator,  and  from  which 
even  Charles  could  not  turn  away  altogether 
unheeding,  may  indeed  have  had  fome  influence 
thus  early  in  bringing  about  a  renewal  of  the 
offer  of  the  Chancellorfliip  of  the  Exchequer. 
Clarendon   evidently  thought    fo.      He   does 
not  refer  to  it  in  exprefs  terms ;    but  he  helps 
materially  to  explain  it  when  he  intimates  that 
even  H  impden's  acceflion,  after  his  return  from 
Scotland,  to  what  was  called  the  root  and  branch 
party  in  the  State,  had  not  entirely  carried  Pym 
along  with  it  ;*  that  the  member  for   Tavif- 
tock  had  no  infuperable  diflike  to  the  conftitu- 
tion  of  the  Englifh  Church,  apart  from  Laud's 
grofs  and  cruel  admlniftration   of  it;  and  that 
in  confenting  to  let  Pym  five  the   Monarchy, 
Epifcopacy  alio  might  be  faved.      Be   this  as  it 
may,  the  offer  came  too  late.    In  the  authority 
from  which  my  information  is  derived,  there 
is  nothing  to  explain   the  circumfl:ances  of  it, 
and  I  cannot  difcover  that  Pym  himfelf  made 

•  "  Mr.  Pym  was  not  of  thofe  furious  refolutions  againft 
**  the  Church  as  the  other  leading  men  were,  and  wholly 
**  devoted  to  the  Earl  of  Bedford,  who  had  nothing  of  that 
**  fpirit."— //^.  i.  323.  "  In  the  Houfeof  Commons,  though 
"  of  the  chief  leaders  Nathaniel  Fiennes  and  young  Sir 
"  Harry  Vane,  and  ftiortly  after  Mr.  Hampden  (who  had 
"  not  before  owned  it),  were  believed  to  be  for  root  and 
"  branch  ;  which  grew  (hortly  after  a  common  expreflion, 
**  and  difcoveiy  of  the  feveral  tempers  ;  yet  Mr.  Pym  was  not 
"  of  that  mind,  nor  Mr.  Hollis."  /^.  i.  4.10.  '*  Mr.  Pym  was 
"  concerned  and  paftionate  in  the  jeahjufies  of  religion,  and 
*'  much  troubled  with  the  countenance  which  had  been  given 
"  to  thofe  opinions  that  had  been  imputed  to  Arminius.  .  .  . 
*'  yet  himfelf  nrofefled  to  be  very  entire  to  the  do6lrine  and 
«'  difcipline  ot  the  Church  of  England." — lb.  iv.  437. 


47 

Chancel- 
lorftiip  of 
Exchequer 
again 
offered 
to  Pym. 


Pym  lefs 
extreme 
than 
Hampden. 


The  offer 
made  too 
late. 


Pym  not 
adverfe  to 
the 
Church  : 


But  to 

Arminian 

pra(flices. 


48 


Pym  fllent 
as  to  the 
King's 
offer: 


Reje6\s  it. 


Sir 

Edward 
Dering 
to  Lady 
Dering, 
13th  Jan. 
1 64.1 -2  : 


Defer  ibes 
Charles's 
overture  to 
Pym. 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members, 

afterwards  the  remoteft  allufion  to  it.  It  is 
hardly  likely  indeed  that  any  fuch  reference 
from  him  would  have  been  compatible  with 
the  terms  on  which  it  was  fubmitted,  with  the 
refpedt  ftill  neceffarily  paid  to  Charles,  or  with 
the  fafety  of  his  own  pofition  among  the  ex- 
treme members  of  the  Commons.  But  Pym 
muft  well  have  known  his  danger  in  declining 
the  ofFer,  and  that  it  thickened  the  royal  fnares 
which  already  were  fpread  around  him. 

The  fad  is  at  any  rate  indifputable,  that  fuch 
an  offer  was  fpecifically  made  and  rejecfled.  It 
refts  on  the  authority  of  the  member  for  Kent, 
Sir  Edward  Dering,  whofe  fervices  to  the  Court 
in  the  debates  on  the  Grand  Remonftrance 
had  won  him  recent  and  grateful  acceptance 
there  ;  and  whofe  colleague  in  the  rcprefenta- 
tion  of  the  county,  Sir  John  Culpeper, 
received  the  office  on  Pym  declining  it.  In  a 
private  letter  to  Lady  Dering,  written  early  in 
January,  containing  other  evidence  of  his 
favor  at  Court  and  with  the  Queen,  he  tells 
her  :  *'  The  King  is  too  flexible  and  too  good- 
''natured;  for  within  two  howers,  and  a 
"  greate  deale  leffe,  before  he  made  Culpeper 
*'  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  he  had  fente  a 
*'  mefienger  to  bring  Pym  unto  him,  and 
'*  wold  have  given  him  that  place.'**     Cul- 

*  Since  this  letter  was  obligingly  communicated  to  me,  it 
has  been,  with  many  other  very  intcrcliing  p;ipcrs  horn  the 
Surrenden  manuscripts,  placed  for  publication  in  the  hands 
of  the   Camden   Society   by  the  Rev.  Lambert  Larking,  and 


%  V.      Pym  and  the  King, 


49 


peper's  patent   is  not  dated   until  the  7th  of  Culpeper 
January,  but    the  office  had    been   given  to  Xat'^p  ^ 
him  feveral  days  before,  and  he  had  taken  his  ^^d  de- 
feat at  the  Council  Board  on  New  Year's  Day.  £',!•/,'' 
The  exaA  period  of  the  offer  to  Pym  can  only  '^^-i-*. 
now  be  gueffed   at,   but    we    may  narrow    it 
within  the  limits  of  the  laft  half  of  December. 

Thofe  days  had  fecn  feveral  changes.  The 
feals,  which  Windebank  had  voided  by  his 
ignominious  flight,  were  given   to  Nicholas.* 

the  volume,  already  announced  for  publication  under   Mr.  Camden 
Larking's  editorfliip,  will  rank  appropriately  with  the  many  Society 
other  rare  and   important  illullrations  of  this  great  period  of  books, 
our  hiltory  in  which  the  Camden  Colle<5lion  of  books  is  pecu- 
liarly rich. 

*  I  have  found  in  the  State  Paper  Office,  and  cannot  refift 
quoting,  a  letter  written  by  Windebank  from  Paris  (whither 
he  had  fucceeded  in  making  good  his  flight),  upon  hcarino- 
that  Nicholas  had  been  appointed  Secretary  in  his  place.  It 
exhibits  the  meannefs  of  the  man's  nature  j  but  more  than  this, 
it  fliows  in  my  judgment  plainly  enough,  that  parliament  was 
thoroughly  jultified  in  having  charged  the  Ex-Sccretary  as 
accomplice  with  the  Queen  in  private  and  illegal  pradlices  'to 
favour  the  Roman  Catholic  religion.  The  letter  is  addrefled  to 
his   fon   and  dated   the   27"'    (or  in  the    Englifli   ftyle    the 

17th  Dec),  1641.     *•  Tom,"  it  begins,  "your  letters Winde- 

"  were  very  weilcum  both  for  the  greate  honor  they  brought  bank  to 
"  me  from  the  Queene's  Ma:  &  the  good  news  of  your  health  his  fon 
'*  and  of  the   rell  of  myne  in  thofe  prirtes.     I  do  forbear  to  17th  Dec. 
"  prefent   my  moft   humble    thankes  myfelfe  to  Her  M:  for  164.1. 
"  the  fame  rcafon  that  She  in  Her  wifdom  did  not  think   fitt 
"  to  venter  a  lett'  to  me :  Yet  yo"  mult  not  fail  to  pafle  that 
**  office  in  all  humility  for  me,    acquainting  Her  M:  withall  Secret  un- 
"  that  I  never  was   in   a  condition  that   more  required  her  derftand-  " 
"  comfort   and   gracious  affiltance  than  now  that  1  rtnde,  by  \^^  ^^j^j^' 
"  the  difpofmg  of  the   place  I  had  the  Honor  to  holde  neere  the  Queen 
"  His  M:,  no  hope  left  to  ferve   my  Royall   Mailer  againe, 
«<  w«»>  really  is  the  greateft  corofive  to  my  harte  that  can  be. 
"  I  do  acknowledge  it   is  no   more   than   I   had   reafon  to 
**  expc6t,  &  I  thank  God  I  have  had  time  to  be  prepared  for 
"  it.      NevertheleflTe   now  it  is  come  I  cannot  be  fo  Itupid   as 
**  not  to  be  fenfible  of  that  w*^**  ruines  me  and  my   polterity. 


so 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 


Old  Vane  The  Court  exodus  of  Old  Vane,  whofe  stafF  of 

nnally  dil-    v     -r^        r  r 

miffed.  the  Treafurer  of  the  Houfehold  had  been  taken 
from  him  at  Newcaftle  to  be  at  York  beftowed 
on  Lord  Savile,  was  now  completed  by  the 
demand  that  he  {hould  deHver  up  the  feals  of 
Secretary,  defigned  for  Falkland.^^      The  old 


*•  nor  fo  inlurious  to  myne  owne  harte  to  think  that  after  {o 
'•  many  years  painfull  &  faithfull  Tervices  to  both  their 
"  M  M:  1  hiive  delerved  it.  My  hope  is  that  His  M.  hath 
"  done  it  t  preferve  me  from  a  greater  blow  (though  truly 
"  for  my  own  particular  &  fetting  afide  the  intcrelts  of  you 
"  &  the  relt  of  my  poor  children  a  greater  cold  not  falle  upon 
"  me)  &  that  knowing  my  entire  affcdions  to  his  peribn  & 
"  fervice  molt  fair  from  the  leaft  guilte  of  any  intention  to 
"  offend,  will  in  His  Princely  Goodneffe  &  His  owne  beft 
"  tyme  vouch fafe  me  &  myne  relicfe.  In  the  meantime  I 
"  fliall  elfeem  this  &  (if  occafion  ferve)  my  deerell  harte 
"  bloud  a  blcffcd  ficrifice,  if  they  may  contribut  any  thing  to 
"  the  redreffe  of  His  M:  affaires,  hoping  that  this  fhall  ferve 
"  for  fatiffaaion  &  expiation  (even  in  the  opinion  of  the  moft 
*' fevere)  for  any  offence  taken  againit  me  j  and  fo  the 
"  difpleal'ure  of  the  time  rclente  and  go  no  farther,  but 
"  that  I  may  be  permitted  to  retourne  to  myne  own*  poor 
"  ne(t  in  the  Country  to  end  my  dayes  there  in  peace  " 
Equally  charaaeriltic  is  the  conclufjon.  The  Queen  in  her 
fecret  communication  had  afked  Windebank  to  attend  the 
French  court  for  her,  and  to  this  he  pleads  unfitnefs,  bv  reafon 
of  the  (late  of  his  mind,  adding  :  *♦  Bcfules  I  acknowledo-e  I 
"  am  not  yet  in  cafe  to  appear  inpublique,  nor  can  for  the  preP 
"  Wynne  fo  much  upon  my  fclf  to  looke  upon  a  foraine  Prmce 
**  w'**  any  contentment,  being  deprived  of  the  bleffcd  & 
**  gracious  alpcd  of  my  Maltcrr." 

*  Poor  Windebank  upon  this  writes   to  Son  Tom  from 
Paris  fj";,^"}  164.1-2,  taking  the   flriaiy  economical  view  of 
Vane's  dilmiaai,  "  The  newes  of  the  rcmovall  of  Sir  Henry 
"  Vane  from  the  place  of  Secretary  is  very  ftrangc  heere,  and 
"  truly  my  owne  condition  makes  me   fenfible  of  his'  w«»> 


Grief  at 

lofing 

place. 


Winde- 
bank to 
his  Ion, 
24th  Dec. 

A  fellow- 
feeling. 


"  confidering  his  great  burden  of  children  is  very  comiferable. 
"  But  w'^U  I  am  infinitly  comforted  w'*"  that  of  the  D.  of 
"  Richmond  w'»»  is  one  of  the  noblelt  things  the  K:  hath 
"  don  of  many  yeares  &  of  fmoular  conlequence  to  his 
"  icrvjcc.  If  I  durfl,  I  would  wilh  yo«  to  congratulat  with 
"  His  Gr:  in  all  humblenefs  from  me."  It  is  quite  in 
charaaer  that  Windebank  fhould  confider  the  appointment 


. 


1 


1 


§  V.      Pym  and  the  King,  r  i 

man's  difgrace  was  but  part  of  the  punifhment  Revenge 
over   which  Charles  had   brooded  ever   fmce  f^^d^^"^^' 
Strafford's  trial,    which  but   for  his   weaknefs 
and  ifolation  he  would  then  have  inflided,  and 
which  now  he  thought  himfelf  ftrong  enough 
to  inflid:,  not  fimply  on  Vane  himfelf  but  on 
his  fon.     Young  Vane,  who  held  the  office  of 
joint  Treafurer  of  the   Navy  with  Sir  W^illiam  Young 
RufTell,  was  ordered   fuddenly  to  fend  in  his  Y.^.^^i^^^ 

,         .  ^  dilmiffed. 

accounts  preparatory  to  the  iffue  of  a  new 
patent  without  his  name.*  We  learn  this 
from  the  letter  of  another  correfpondent  of 
Pennington's,    Captain    Carterett,    a    man  of 


of  an  amiable  young  Duke  to  an  office  in   the   Houfehold  as 
the  noblert  and  wifclt  aa  of  his  glorious  mafler. 

•   Admiral    Pennington's  defire   (already  adverted  to)  to 
have  had  this  office  for  himfelf,  feems  to  have  been  generally 

""'^^'Ij^,^^  ^y  '^'^  '"^"^^^  i  and  upon  the  faaof  Young  Vane's 
difmiffal  bemg  f^rfl   known,    Capt.  Dowfe,   ignorant  of  the 
AcliTiirars  mtimation  to  the  Under  Secretary  that  he  did  not 
v^fh  the  matter  preffcd  for  the  prefent,  went  and  afked  the 
office  from  the  Lord  Admiral,  the  Earl  of  Northumberland 
His  note    (m  the  State  Paper  Office)  proves  that  the  eift  of 
tlie  office  to  Strafford's  friend   Pennyman  was  the   Kine's 
perfonal  aa      ''Noble  Sir,"  he  writes  from  York  Houle  on 
Dec.  the  30th,  "  Upon  the  firfl  notice  of  Sir  Henry  Vane  his 
being  difcharged  of  the  Treafurer's  place  of  the  Navy  I 
«,  did  (as  I  have  written  to  you  before)  repaire  to  my  Lord  to 

uK.t^ri^'''/''''"''"'^*^'"^^"''"^"^^   ^o   tJie  King,  if  his 

Ma  r  d.d  put  by  S.r  Henry  Vane.     My  Lord  told  me  then 

that  S'  Henry  Vane  was  not  abfolutely   difmiffed  until   his 

accounts  were  perteaed  for  the  whole  yeare."     A  fecond 

time  he  waited  on  the  Earl ;  but  "My  Lord  told   me  then 

^^  that  the  King  had  beftowed   the  place  upon  Sir  William 

«         .J'7'"'-  ^"l  '^  ^^  ""^"'^  ^^^  y«"  3"y  Service  in  it,  he 
<c  ^ould  doe  It.     Soe  wifhing  you  a  Meriy  Chriifmas  I  refl 

Qi       k    u    4        '^  preyloufly  as  the    ,6th    December   Capt. 

Mingfby  had  written  decifively  to  the  Admiral  ''Sir  HeniT 
Vane  the  Younger  is  difmilt  of  his  Treafurerfhippe  of  the 
Navy,  and  Sir  William  Pennyman  in  his  place.'' 

s2 


Admiral 
Penning- 
ton look- 
ing for 
Young 
Vane's 
Office. 


Captain 
Dowfe  to 
Penning- 
ton, 30th 
Dec. 


I 


5^ 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


Captain  great  worth  and  diftindlion,  who  held  the  office 
of  Comptroller  of  the  Navy,  and  was,  fays 
Clarendon,  of  great  eminency  and  reputation 
in  naval  command.*  Charles  had  alfo  further 
refolved,  to  exprefs  more  plainly  the  ill- 
advlfed  challenge  he  was  thus  flinging  down 
to  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  to  beflow  the 
office  on  StraffiDrd's  agent  and  follower, 
Sir    William    Pennyman.      *^  This    much    I 


Young 
Vane  Tiic- 
ceeded  by 

afriend  of "  knowe,*'    writes    Captain    Carterett   on  the 
23rd  December,  to  the  Admiral  of  the  fleet 


Captain 
Carterett 
to  Pen- 
nington, 
23rd  Dec. 
1641. 


in  the  Downs, f  ''  that  the  attorney  hath  a 
'^  warrant  for  to  prepaire  a  bill  for  the  drawinge 
"  a  patente  for  S''  William  Rufl^ell  alone,  his 
^^  joyned  patente  with  S*'  Hen.  Vane  being 
''  recalled  in,  w''^  the  Parliament  doth  take 
"  fomething  ill.  For  it  feemes  that  S'  Hen^ 
'^  Vane  the  Younger  is  much  efteemed  in  the 
*^  Houfe  of  Commons  :  but  I  doe  not  heare 
*^  the  licke  of  his  father,  but  rather  that  hee 
**  hath  loft  the  good  oppinion  of  both  fides.'* 
It  might  be  fo,  but  not  in  that  hour  of  Court 
disfavor  would  Pym  have  it  thought  fo  by 
the  Court.  He  welcomed  into  the  popular 
VanTinVo"  ^anks  the  old  fervant  of  the  King  by  adding 
thepopu-    }^is    name   to  the  feled   committee    for    Irifh 

lar  ranks. 

•  See  Hift,  iii.  115.  Carterett*s  intereft  and  reputation  in 
the  navy,  according  to  the  hiftorian,  was  To  great,  and  his 
diligence  and  dexterity  in  command  ^o  eminent,  that  the  Par- 
liament, in  a  crifis  of  much  difficulty,  notwithftanding  his 
Royalift  opinions,  named  him  for  their  Vice- Admiral. 

f  MS.  State  Paper  Office.  Carterett  to  Pennington,  23rd 
Dec.  1641. 


Pym  wel 
comes  Old 


§  V.     Pym  and  the  King, 


53 


i 


k 


\ 


affairs;  and  on  the  fame  2^rd  of  December, '^^e 
when  Carterett  fo  wrote  to  his  Admiral,  Under  Secretary 
Secretary  Sidney  Bere,  employed  with  Nicholas  ^^^^.   , 
at    Whitehall,   was  writing  thus  to  the  fame  ^srd  Dec. 
correfpondent :  *   ''  I  can  now  give  you  this 
'*  certainty,  that  a  warrant  hath  paffed  for  the 
''  outing  young  S'  Hen.  Vane,  and  on  the  con- 
*'  trary  an  order  is  made  in  the  Lower  Houfe  xheCom- 
''  for  to  confider  of  fome  meanes  and  wayes  JP°"^  ^^" 
''  whereby  to  preferve   him  in;  fo  that  it  is  Young 
"  likely  there  will  bee  greate  debate  and  con- ]^^^^^j'^ '^'^^ 
*'  teftation  about  this  bufineffe."     It  became, 
in   fad,  a  new  caufe  of  quarrel   between  the 
Commons  and  the  King,   and   the  condud  of 
Pym  in  regard  to   it  feems  to  fliow  that  the 
ftartling  overture  fo  fuJdenly  made  to  himfelf 
muft  already  have  been  made  and  reje(5ted. 

Upon  the  probable  motives,  as  well  for  that 
overture  itfelf  as  for  its  rejedion,  though  it  has 
been  feen  that  nothing  can  with  certainty  be 
ftated,  it  will  yet  be  not  inappropriate  to  add 
fuch  fuggeftion  here  towards  an  explanation  of 
both,  as  will  fairly  arife  out  of  a  careful  con- 
fideration  of  circumftances  attending  not  only 
the  attempt  involved  in  the  prefent  inftance.  Previous 
but  the  fimilar  attempt  which  preceded  it,  to  p^^^^^^j 
obtain  for  the  King  the  fervice  of  fome  of  the  hisfriends: 
chiefs  who  led  the  oppofition  againft  him.     But  16//. 
for  this  it  will  be  neceffary  to  go  back  to  a  period 

*  MS.  State  Paper  Office.   Sidney  Bere  to  Pennington,  23rd 
Dec.  1 64.1. 


54 


Jrrejl  of  the  Five  Members » 


of  nearly  four  months  before  the  opening  of 

my  narrative. 
Former  Clarendon  leaves  it  to  be  inferred  that  the 

givT^office  negotiation  by  which  office  was  placed  at  the 
to  leaders  difpofal  of  the  Parliamentary  leaders  during 
Commons:  the  proceedings  againft  Strafford,  had  for  its 

fole  objed  the  hope  of  faving  by  fuch  means 
Not  a        the  life  of  that  great  minifter  ;  and  that  when 


mere  ex- 


pedient     ^^^^  failed,  and  Strafford's  head  had  fallen,  no 
for  laving  attempt    was    made  to   renew    the    propofal. 
'  This  however  is  not  the  fa6l.     Within  two 
months  of  the  execution.  Secretary  Nicholas,  in 
the  fame  letter  in  which  he  communicates  to 
Admiral  Pennington  the  vote  by  which  the 
Commons  had  fentenced  Lord  Digby's  pub- 
lifhed  fpeech    on    Strafford's  attainder    to    be 
Renewed   burnt,  and  had  declared  Lord  Digby  himfelf  to 
Strafford's  be  for  the  future  unfit  to  hold  place  or  receive 
execution,  employment  under  the  King,  adds  this  remark- 
able poflfcript  :  "  The  Lord    Digby  was    by 
"  his    Ma^'^'  defigned   to    have   gonne    Lord 
'^  Ambaffador   into  Fraunce  as  foone  as  the 
*^  Earl  of  Lecefter  fhould  returne  thence,  but 
Hollisor    '^  (^t  is  thought)  the  Parliament  will  difable 
Hampden  <<  him  for  any  fuch  imployment.      The  fpeech 

named  for  j  l       j  i 

Secretary    "  is  that  Mr.  Hollis  or  Mr.  John  Hampden 
of  state,     .c^albe   Secretary  of   State,    but  the  Lord 
1641.        <f  Mandeville  doth  now  againe  put  hard  for 
**  that  place.*'* 

Secretary         *  State   Paper  Office.     The  letter  is   addreffed  "  To    my 
Nicholas      '<  much   efteemcd  friend   Sir  John  Pennington,  Knight,  Ad- 


^ 


f 


55 


Negotia- 
tions with 
popular 
leaders 
kept  open. 


§  V.     Pym  and  the  King. 

From  this  it  is  clear  (for  no  one  had  fuch 
fources  of  information  as  Nicholas)  that,  not- 
withflanding  the  execution  of  Strafford  and 
Digby's  difqualification  for  office,  the  King 
had  flill  a  purpofe  of  his  own  in  keeping  open 
the  negotiation  for  receiving  into  his  counfels 
the  men  who  had  ftruck  fo  heavily  againfl  his 
dead  minifter  and  his  living  friend.  The  letter 
of  Nicholas  is  dated  on  the  15th  of  July,  and 
until  the  clofe  of  that  month,  indeed  as  long 
as  the  King  remained  in  London,  the  beft 
informed  of  Charles's  own  officers  of  ftate  con- 
tinued to  expedl  the  change.  In  lefs  than  a 
fortnight  Nicholas  wrote  again  as  if  all  doubts 
and  difputes  as  to  the  particular  diftribution  of 
offices  had  been  fettled.  Lord  Mandeville  and 
Hampden  had  in  the  interval  withdrawn  their 
claims  to  the  principal  Secretaryfhip  of  State 
in  favour  of  Denzil  Hollis,  while  Hampden 
was  to  take  the  Chancellorfhip  of  the  Duchy, 
Lord  Saye  and  Seale  to  be  Lord  Treafurer,  and 
the  Chancellorfhip  of  the  Exchequer  to  be, 
as  in  all  the  previous  propofed  arrangements, 
committed  to  Pym.  Nor  is  it  Nicholas  alone 
who  thus,  up  to  the  29th  July,  believes  that 


"  miral  of  His  Ma*'"  Fleete  imployed  for  garde  of  the  Narrow  ^q  pg^- 
**  Seas,  aborde  His  Ma*"^'  ship  the  St.  Andre,  nowe  riding  in  nington. 
**  the  Downes  or  thereaboutes.  Leave  this  with  the  Poll  of 
"  Sandwich  to  be  conveyed."  The  exiftence  of  this  letter 
was  known  to  Lady  Therefa  Lewis.  See  her  very  interefting 
book,  in  illuftration  of  the  portraits  in  the  Clarendon  Gallery, 
Li'ves  of  the  Friends  and  Contemporaries  of  Lord  Chancellor 
Clarendon y  ii.  44.2. 


Diftribu- 
tion of  offi- 
ces fettled, 
29th  July, 
1641. 


56 


Arrefl  of  the  Five  Members. 


Prepara-  thefe  men  are  about  to  afTume  the  great  offices 
new  mL  ^  ^^  ^^^^*  Even  the  fmaller  clerks  and  fecre- 
niftry.  taries  ferving  under  him  are  making  prepara- 
tions againft  the  expeded  lofs  of  their  employ- 
ments ;  and  Mr.  Sidney  Bere  writes  to  tell 
Making  Admiral  Pennington,  on  the  very  eve  of  the 
foTth^"  King's  departure  to  Scotland,  that  he  hopes 
worft.       he  has  made  provifion  againft  the  worft.* 


Sidney 
Bere  to 
Admiral 
Penning- 
ton, 30th 
July,  1641. 


Notice  to 
quit 
White- 
hall. 


Propofed 
Viceroy 
during  the 
King's 
abfcnce. 


Confola- 
tions  of  a 
retiring 
official. 


*  I  fubjoin  fome  curious  pafTages  from  this  letter,  which 
is  alfo  in  the  State  Paper  Office  (MS.  Sidney  Bere  to  Admiral 
Pennington,  30th  July,  1641,  Whitehall).  Bere's  employment 
at  this  earlier  time  was  in  conne61ion  with  the  Foreign  Office, 
to  which  he  had  been  recommended  by  a  previous  engage- 
ment as  Secretaiy  with  Sir  Balthazar  Gerbier.  ''  I  muft  needs," 
he  writes  to  the  Admiral,  ''  take  y'^  occafion  of  this  endoled 
<<  w'^''  was  left  att  my  chamber,  to  tell  you,  that  the  noife  of 
**  remove  of  officers  increafes  Itill,  and  fome  thinke  wee  fhall  not 
*'  efcape  w"»  lefs  than  the  lolle  of  Secretarys,  w^**  I  begin  to 
*'  feare  much  by  many  fignes.  One,  &  tndy  a  noble  one,  is  this, 
**  that  Mr.  Trea'  aflced  me  this  day  how  farre  my  graunt  was 
**  advanced,  I  told  him  ready  for  the  Kinge's  hand  tomorrow  j 
"  he  bid  me  to  haflen  it  all  I  could,  for  a  realbn  he  knew,  w'^'' 
**  you  may  easily  guelTe  carryes  noe  good  interpretation.  I 
*'  am  glad  Mr.  Murrav  is  ingaged,  wht),  ffiould  any  fuch  thinge 
"  happen  Ibe  fuddenly,  will  w%ut  doubt  make  good  what 
**  he  hath  undertaken,  &  I  am  confident  both  he  and  Mr. 
**  Trea'  will  recommend  me  to  y«  luccefTor.  But  for  all  thefe 
"  doubts  and  furmifes  we  prepare  rtill  for  y*^  Scotch  journey, 
•'  &  horfes  goe  before  on  Monday.  Wee  follow  on  Friday 
'*  nexte,  and  y'^  King  on  y"^  9»»»  which  is  Munday.  The  Par- 
*♦  liam*  its  said  will  move  for  a  longer  ftay,  but  the  King  is 
*•  refblved.  A  whifper  goes  the  Houfes  will  fland  for  a  Lo. 
'*  Lieut,  in  his  abfence  w**  power  to  pafTe  bills:  what  that 
**  propofition  will  produce  in  his  relblution  to  graunt  or  deny, 
**  goe  or  ifay,  we  (hall  ffiortly  fee  :  but  every  one  is  full  of 
"  expe6fations  what  every  grand  councill  fliould  produce  in 
"  the  change  of  officers.  Come  the  worft,  if  this  graunt 
**  paffe,  I  have  fbmethingto  truft  toag'  I  am  old,  and  till  then, 
**  I  hope  w**  God's  bleffing,  the  countenance  of  my  friends, 
**  &  my  own  induftry,  to  paflTe  well  enogh.  I  have  not  foe 
♦*  ill  fpent  this  time,  but  I  have  purfed  up  for  a  yeare's  fub- 
'*  fiftence  and  more,  in  w*^^*"  time  many  changes  will  happen. 
'*  Thus  I  take  all  att  the  worft  on  the  firft  alarum,  but  I  hope 


■: 


«' 


§  V.      Pym  and  the  King, 

Yet  fo  ftrange  does  it  feem  that  purpofes 
involving  a  complete  change  in  the  greateft 
employments  of  the  State  ihould  have  been 
entertained  up  to  the  very  eve  of  the  King's 
departure  for  Scotland,  that  they  then  fhould 
fuddenly  and  filently  have  been  dropped, 
and  that  the  King's  letters  to  Nicholas  from 
Edinburgh  fhould  as  fuddenly  be  filled  with 
covert  threats  againft  the  men  chofen  fo  recently 
for  the  higheft  dignities  he  had  it  in  his  power 
to  beftow,  that  credit  may  hardly  be  claimed 
for  fuch  a  ftatement  without  production  of  the 
ac5lual  evidence.  The  fecond  letter  of  Nicholas, 
alfo  in  the  State  Paper  Office,  begins  with 
acknowledgment  of  a  welcome  prefent  of  four 
Guinea-birds,  which  the  Admiral  had  fent  for 
Mrs.  Nicholas,  "  whereby  you  have  made 
"  her  a  proude  woman,  and  ihe  defires  me  to 
'^  prefent  to  you  her  affedionate  thankes  for 
*'  that  great  raritie."  He  then  defcribes  the 
appointment  of  Lord  Effex  to  be  General  of 
the  Forces  on  this  fide  Trent ;  fpeaks  of 
Lord  Pembroke  as  bearing  the  lofs  of  his 
employment  with  much  patience  and  difcre- 
tion  ;  and  makes  frank  allufion   to  the  eccle- 

**  there  is  noe  caufe,  but  that  we  fhall  rubb  out  yett  this  Sum- 
"  mer  at  the  leaft."  It  is  very  remarkable  to  obferve  from  this 
letter  that  at  no  time  do  the  popular  leaders,  even  when  their 
immediate  indudion  into  the  great  offices  was  looked  upon  as 
certain,  appear  to  have  taken  the  preffiue  of  Parliament  from 
off  the  King.  The  propofal  of  a  Viceroy  or  Regent  was  lingu- 
larly  diftafteful  to  him,  and  the  difpute  as  to  the  proper  time  of 
his  quitting  London  was  vehemently  maintained  even  to 
within  a  few  hours  of  his  departure.  See  my  Effays^  i.  13. 


57 


A  fequel 
almoft  too 
ftrange  for 
belief. 


Prefent 
from  the 
Admiral. 


Nicholas 
to  Pen- 
nington, 
29  July, 
1641. 


58 


Why 
Nicholas 
objefts  to 
Ecclefiaf- 
tical  Re- 
form. 


King's 
propofed 
journey 
to  Scot- 
land: 


Objeaed 
to  by  the 
Commons. 


The  new 
miniftry 
expefted  : 
Hampden, 
Pym, 
Hollis, 
and  Lord 
Saye  and 
Seale. 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 

fiaftical  reforms  in  progrefs,  and  the  abufes 
they  are  levelled  at.  ''  The  adte  againft  BishPP% 
'*  Deanes,  &  Chappters,  is  not  as  yett  pall  the 
*'  Comons  Houfe  of  P^,  and  I  hope  never  will : 
*'  for  iff  it  jfhall,  my  father  and  myfelfe  fhall 
"  by  the  change  of  our  Landlordes  lofe  1500/. 
'^  in  the  value  of  our  eftates.  But  I  hope  the 
*'  ParP  will  not  holde  it  wife  to  punifhe  the 
'^  Tenants  for  y^  Landlord's  faulttes.  The 
*^  Comons  are  much  troubled  that  the  Kinge 
'^  will  goe  on  Monday  come  fennight  (as  hee 
*^  has  declared  openlie)  towards  Scotland. 
*'  They  have  had  a  conference  with  y^'  Lords 
"  ab^  prefenting  to  his  Maj^>'  fome  reafons  ag' 
his  Maj*^'"  goinge  untill  the  armie  be  dif- 
banded,  w*^'',  if  there  were  money  readie, 
woulde  not  bee  this  fortnight.  It  is  heere 
'^  faid  that  wee  fhall  fhortly  before  the  Kinge's 
*'  departure  have  a  greate  change  &  addition 
"  of  officers  abt  Co*%  as  that  the  L*^  Saye 
'^  fhall  be  made  L^  Treas**,  the  L'  Newburg 
'*  Mafter  of  the  Wardes,  Mr.  Jo.  Hampden 
''  Ch'-  of  y*^  Dutchy,  Mr.  Pym  Cha^  of  the 
*'  Excheq',  Mr.  Denzlll  Hollis  Princlpall  Secr^ 
''  of  State ;  and  that  y*^  Earl  of  Bath  and  L^ 
''  Brooke  fhall  be  fworne  of  his  Ma''^^  mofl 
*'  hon^^'*=  Privy   Counfell."*     He   adds   fome 

*  This  letter  (alfo  in  the  State  Paper  Office,  and  dated 
29th  July,  1641)  is  addrefled  like  the  former,  with  this 
addition  :  **  Leave  this  with  the  toote  port  of  Sand''*^''  in 
"•  Philpot  Lane  att  y*  figne  of  y*  Sand'*'^''  Armes  to  be 
*'  conveyed." 


<c 


<  c 


cc 


%  v.      Pym  and  the  King, 


59 


particulars  as  to  the  army  plot,  the  examina- 
tions as  to  which  were  then  in  procefs  of  being 
taken;  and  he  clofes  by  faying  that  he  propofes 
himfelf,  God  willing,  to  retire  on  the  next 
following  Saturday  to  his  houfe  in  the  country, 
to  live  quietly  there  if  he  can  ;  *and  that  how- 
foever  the  world  goes,  the  Admiral  fhall  be 
fure  always  to  find  that  he  is  ftill  conflantly 
and  firmly  his  faithful  and  affedlionate  friend. 
But  of  courfe  Nicholas  did  mt  retire  into 
the  country,  nor  did  the  parliamentary  leaders 
make  their  entrance  into  Whitehall.  Not  lefs 
myflerious  in  its  origin  and  fate  than  the  later 
attempt  to  obtain  Pym*s  folitary  fervice,  it 
feems  impoffible  to  review  the  circumflances 
attending  this  earlier  effort  to  place  both 
him  and  his  friends  in  power,  without 
arriving  at  the  only  folution  which  either 
feems  capable  of  receiving.  Neither,  it  muft 
have  been  fufpedled  or  difcovered,  was  really 
or  fincerely  intended  by  the  perfon  who  alone 
could  give  efFec5l  to  it.  Both  were  wrecked  by 
the  utter  diflrufl  and  difbelief  which  the  King 
in  all  his  dealings  had  infpired.  In  making 
again  the  overture  fingly  to  Pym,  there  can  be 
little  queflion  that  Charles  had  the  idea  in  his 
mind,  as  already  hinted,  that  by  fome  artifice 
or  trick,  fome  juggling  and  playing  with  the 
cards,  Epifcopacy,  even  in  its  lafl  extremity 
of  danger,  was  to  be  refcued  flill  by  bringing 
over  the  only  popular  leader  not  committed  to 


Nicholas 
about  to 
retire  : 


But 

does  not 
retire. 


Why  both 
attempts 
to  conci- 
liate popu- 
lar leaders 
failed. 


The  rock 
they  iplit 
againft. 


6o 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members, 


A  warn-    root  and  branch.     But  the  fate  of  the  earlier 

Pym  to     negotiation,  which  I  have  thus  been  able  to 

aaupon:  retrace,  opened  alfo,  as  the  later  had  been,  at 

the    very    moment    when    Lord    Digby    had 

been  fingled  out  for  royal   favour,  was  doubt- 

Thewarn- lefs  the  fufficient  warning  on  which  Pym  wifely 

'  a(5led.      We   need  not  look  for  his    motives 

further  a-field.    The  calm  refufal  with  which  the 

proffered  place  was  put  afide,  and  the  dignified 

filence  preferved  in    relation    to  it,   may   thus 

alike  receive  their  fatiffadory  folution. 

§  VI.     The  Westminster  Tumults. 

Publica-         On  the  third  day  after  the  Grand  Remon- 

Grand       ftrance,  printed  by  order  of  the  Houfe,    had 

Remon-     begun  to  circulatc  among  the  people,  the  ob- 

fervance  of  a  day  of  Faft  and  Humiliation  had 

been  appointed.   The  circumftance  is  referred  to 

by  the  Under-Secretary,  with  whofe  letter,  already 

quoted  in  the  preceding  fedion,  as  with  a  fimilar 

communication  from  Captain  Carterett,   there 

alfo  went  to  the  Admiral  a  copy  of  the  pub- 

lifhed  Remonftrance.     "  The  Remonftrance  is 

*'  likewife  come  out,"  he  writes,  "  which  I  now 

*'  fend  herewith,  and  leave  unto  your  readinge  to 

*'  judge  of  it.      This  is  all  I   can  fay  more  for 

*'  the  prefent  fave  that  yefterday  the  faft  was 

A  Faft       "  obferved    through   London  and  the   Court, 

Dec.'iY^i:  "  ^"d  is  to-day  in  Weftminfter.      Indeed,  there 

*'  needs  fome  extraordinary  devotion  to  divert 

"  the  many  troubles  and  diftracflions  this  State 


§  VI.     The  Wejlminfter  Tumults, 


6i 


''  is  threatened  withal,  wch  if  God  doe  not  of 
'^  his  mercy  turne  awaye,  it's  much  to  be  feared 
'^  will  very  fhortly  fall  upon  us :  Soe  that  I 
'^  cannot  wonder  to   reade  yo^  compaffionate 
''  fenfe  thereof,  but  doe  joyne  w'**  you  that  it*s 
'^  a  time  wherein  he  that  hath  leafte  to  doe 
''  may   thinke    himfelf  the   happieft."*     The 
King,    as   we    have  feen,    had  celebrated  the  How  the 
faft  at  Court   by    figning   on    that   day,   the  ^.^at.'' 
22nd  December,  the  warrant  for  appointment 
of  the  diffolute  Lunfford  to  one  of  the  places 
of  greateft  truft  in  his  dominions.      We  have 
feen    alfo    the    tumult    it    provoked    in    the 
Houfe  of  Commons,  and  this  had  now  readed 
on  the  people  out  of  doors.     It  was  the  time 
of  Chriftmas  holidays,  when  unufual   numbers 
were  in  London,  daily  thronging  the  ftreets  ; 
and  fuch  and  fo  alarming  were  the  manifefta-  Difcon- 
tions  of  popular  difcontent,  that  within  three  X^l^L 
days   after     the   letters   juft   quoted  we  find  crowds, 
another  of  Pennington's  correfpondents,  and 
a  high  civil  fundionary,  writing  to  him  in  a 
ftrain  that   might  well   fliake    the   nerves   of 
the  gallant  feaman  far  more  than  thofe  terrible 
gales    then  fweeping  the    coaft  during  which 
his    fhips    had    well-nigh    foundered    in    the 
Downs.     ''  But  though,'*  writes  Mr.  Thomas 
Smith,  a  man  highly  efteemed  and  holding  im- 
portant office  in  the  Admiralty,  to  his  loving 

•  MS.  State  Paper  Office.  Sidney  Bere  to  Pennington,  a  3rd 
Dec. 


62 


Sea  and 

land 

ftorms. 


A  re- 
ligious 
war  talked 
of. 


Liinf- 
ford's 
appoint- 
ment can- 
celled. 


Too  late. 


Memo- 
rable epi- 
thets firlt 
invented. 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

and  much  honored  friend,  ^^  the  ftormes  are 
'  efcaped  at  fea,  they  are  not  fo  on  fhoare. 
'  For  here  we  have  fuch   jealoufies,  and  dif- 

*  contents  are  dayly  rayfed  by  the  malignant 
^  party  between  the  King  and  his  people,  that 
^  there  talks  now  of  nothing   but  drawing  of 

*  fwords  and  a  war  between  the  Proteftants 
^  and  Papifts.  W'^  God  forbid  !  for  though 
'  we  may  know  the  beginning,  noe  man  can 
'  the  end  and  confequences  of  an  inteftine 
'  warre."  * 

On  the  evening  of  the  day  when  that  letter 
was  written,  the  King  found  it  abfolutely  necef- 
fary  (upon  a  reprefentation  perfonally  made  to 
him  the  previous  night  at  Whitehall  by  the 
Lord  Mayor,  a  member  of  his  own  party)  to 
cancel  Lunfford*s  appointment ;  but  fwiftly 
as  the  ill-advifed  adl  was  fo  recalled,  it  was 
yet  recalled  too  late.  It  was  too  late  to  pre- 
vent the  tumults  and  difturbances  of  that  and 
the  following  day.  In  thofe  tumults,  duly 
recorded,  but  not  fairly  or  juftly  difcriminated, 
in  the  hiftories,  were  firft  heard  the  memorable 
epithets  of  Roundhead  and  Cavalier  :  two  words 
deftined  to  become  as  famous  as  thofe  other 
two  of  Whig  and  Tory,  which,  invented 
feven-and-thirty  years  later,  ufed  alfo  as  terms 
of  reproach,!  and  bandied   about  from  fide  to 

*  MS.  State  Paper  Office.     Thomas  Smith  to  Pennington, 
23  rd  Dec. 

f  That  the  word  Canjalier^  not  neceffarily  a  term   of  re- 


§  VI.     The  Wejiminfier  Tumults.  63 

fide,  like  thefe,  amid  tumultuous  afiemblages 
of  Englifii  citizens,*  became  in  like  manner 

proach  (Shakefpeare  certainly  does  not  fo  employ  it  when  he  Cavalier : 
Ipeaks  of  the  gay  and  gallant   Englifh  eager  for  French  in-  origin  and 
^^^*^"-  metning 

For  who  is  he  .  .  .  that  will  not  follow  ^^  ^^^ 

Thefe  cuU'd  and  choice-drawn  Cavaliers  to  France  ?)        ''^^^'^  '' 

was  unqueftionably  ufed  in  that  fenfe  on  the  occaf.on  of  thefe 
tumults  (probably  to  conneft  its  French  origin  with  the  un- 
Enghffi  charaaer  of  the  defenders  of  the  Queen  and  her 
French  papift  adherents  to  whom  it  was  chiefly  applied) 
appears  from  the  faa  that  it  is  bandied  about  in  declarations 
alternately  iffued  on  the  eve  of  the  war  by  the  Parliament  and 
f '"^V^i^"  ^^"^^  ipeaking  of  it  more  than  once  as  a  word 
much  in  d.ftavour.  And,  after  the  ftandard  on  either  fide  was 
unfurled  nay,  when  the  battle  of  Edgehill  had  been  fought, 
Charles  elaborately  accufes  his  antagonills,  -pretenders  to  peace  The  King 
^^  and  chanty  'he  calls  them,  of  a  hateful  attempt  -  to  render  complains 

all  perlons  of  honour,  courage,  and  reputation,  odious   to  of  its  ufe. 

the  common  people  under  the  flyle  of  Cavaliers,  infomuch 
^^  as  the  highways  and  villages  have  not  been  fafe  for  gentle- 
^    men  to  pals  through  without  violence  or  affront/'     Even 

Zl  .Z'7u  !'^  ^^'Pi?^"'  ^^T  ^"  '^'  ^'"^'^  ^'^^  fhe  word 
has  not  the  place  it  afterwards  aflbmed,  and  one  meets  with 
Koyalilf  poets  of  a  comparatively  fober  vein 

**  Who  neither  love  for  fafhion  nor  for  fear 
As  far  from  Roundhead  as  from  Cavalier." 

D'Ewes's  earliert  ufes  of  the  word  in  his  MS.  Journal  I  find 
under  dates  of  Monday  ,oth  January  and  Friday  March 
4th,  1641-2,  and  Friday  3rd  June  ,642.  In  the  Lft  he  is 
peaking  of  parties  who  had  been  feen  fufpicioufly  entering 
the  Tower  ■  m  the  fecond,  of  the  Cavaliers  at  Whitehall  whf 
wounded  the  Citizens  j  and  in  the  laft,  of  the  King's  party 
m  Yorkfh.re.  Of  the  word  Roundhead,  on  the  oth^e  h^and^  Round- 
and  the  mixed  fear  and  hatred  it  reprefented  and  pro  head 
voked,  decidedly  the   moft  charaaeriftic  example  is  furniflied 

?L?«LT/>'^?"'-'"'^  entertaining  Bi(hop  Hacket,  who 
{^cnnia  Referata,  n.  207)  tells  a  llory  of  a  certain  worthv 
and  honelt  Vicar  of  Hampfhire  who  always  (in  f  fch  manner 
as  to  evade  the  notice  of  one  fea.on  of"  his  hearers  whie 
he  fecretly  plealed  the  other)  changed  one  word  in  te 
laft  verle  of  the  Te  Dcum-O  Lord  in  thee  have  I  trufted 
let  me  ne'ver  be  a  Round-head '  truiiea, 

De^pt).  ""^  ^^-   ^  ^''^-   ^^^-^^  "•    ^    ^""^^^    Effay    on 


64 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


§  vr.     The  Weftminfter  'Tumults, 


the  indelible  diftincftion  of  the  two  great  parties 
Firftbloodin  Englifh  hiftory.*     The  firft  blood  fhed  in 

Civil  War!  ^^^^  g^^^^  c^^il  w^^  had  flowed  on  that  27th 
of  December,  feveral  citizens  having;  been 
wounded  and  Sir  Richard  Wifeman  flain. 


William 

Lilly's 

evidence. 


The 

King's 
fecret  re- 
vealed. 


A  belief 
or  fuper- 
ftition. 


Chara6>er 
of  Puri- 
tans. 


(i 


*  There  is  a  curious  and  chara<5>eriftic  pafTage  by  William 
Lilly  {Monarchy  or  no  Monarchy  in  England^  part  li.  ed.  165 1), 
referring  to  thefe   tumults,  of  which  he  was  himfelf  an  eye- 
wltnefs,  and  deferving  more  attention  than  it   has  received. 
He  is  fpeaking  of  the  King :   '*  Fearing  the  worft,  as  himfelf 
pretended  (from  the  tumultuous  afl!emblages  of  Citizens),  he 
had  a  Court  of  Guard,   before   Whitehall,   of   the  Train 
Bands  j  he   had  alfo  many   diffolute  gentlemen,  and   fome 
«  very  civil,  that  kept  within  Whitehall  with  their  fwords  by 
**  their  fides,  to  be  ready  upon  any  fudden  occafion.     Verily 
"  men's  fears  now  began  to  be  great  j  and  it  was  by  many 
**  perceived,  that  the  King  began  to  fwell  with  anger  againlt 
'*  the  proceedings  of  Parliament,  and  to  intend  a  war  againft 
"  them  :  fome  ipeeches  dropt  from  him  to  that  purpofe.      It 
"  happened   one  day,  as  fome  of  the  ruder  fort  of  Citizens 
"  came   by  Whitehall,  one  bufy  Citizen  nmft  needs  cry  *  No 
*'  Bifhops.'     Some  of  the  gentlemen  iffued  out  of  Whitehall, 
*'  either  to  correct  the  faucinefs  of  the  fool    in   words,  if  they 
**  would  ferve  ;  elfe,  it  feems,  with  blows.     What   paflfed   on 
"  either    fide    in    words,    none    but    themfelves  knew.     The 
Citizen,  being  more  tongue  than  foldier,  was  wounded,  and 
I  have  heard,  died  of  his  wounds  received  at  that  time.     It 
**  hath  been  affirmed  by  very  many,  that  in,  or  hearunto,  that 
'*  place  where  this  fellow  was  hurt  and  wounded,  the  late  King's 
"  head   was  cut-off,  the  Scaffold  ftanding  jull  over  that  place. 
**  Thefe  people,   or  Citizens,    who  uled  thus  to    flock    unto 
**  Weltminiter,  were,  moft  of  them,  men  of  mean,  or  a  middle 
**  quality  .   .   .  and  yet  mofl  of  them  were  either  fuch  as  had 
**  public  fpirits,  or  lived  a  more  religious  life  than  the  vulgar, 
**  and  were  ufually  called  Puritans,  and  had  fuffered  under  the 
**  tyranny  of  the   Bifhops.     In  the  general   they   were  very 
"  honeft  men   and   well   meaning :   fome   particular  fools,  or 
**  others,  perhaps,  now  and  then,  got  in  amongfl  them,  greatly 
"  to  the  difadvantage  of  the  more  fober.     They  were  modelt 
"  in  their  apparel,  but  not  in  their  language ;  they  had  the 
"  hair  of  their  heads  very  few  of  them  longer  than  their  earsj 
**  whereupon  it  came  to  pafs  that  thofe  who  ufually  with  their 
*'  cries  attended  at   Weftminfter,  were  by  a  nick  name  called 
**  Round-heads.     The   Courtiers  again,  having  long  hair  and 
*'  locks,  and  always  fwordes,  at  iall  were  called  by  thefe  men 


i( 


(( 


t 


65 


The  Lords    had  at  firft  declined    to   join 
the  Commons  in    petitioning   for    Lunfford's  Caufe  of 
removal,  and  it  was  the  excitement  confequent  a^em" 
upon  this  refufal,  firft  known  by  the  publiftied  ^^^S^^  j" 
proteft  of  twenty-two  peers  headed  by  names  fter  Hall, 
in  fuch  popular  efteem  as  thofe  of  Bedford, 
Northumberland,  Pembroke,  and  Effex,  which 
led  to  the  aflemblages  that  met  fuddenly  toge- 
ther, in  large  numbers  certainly  but  unprovided 
with  arms,  in  Weftminfter  Hall  and  outfide  the 
door  of  the  Houfe  of  Lords.*     It  has  been, 
notwithftanding  an  admiflion  to  the  contrary 

"  Cavaliers;  and  fo  &c.  &c.  few  of  the  vulgar  knowing  the  What 
"  fenfe  of  the  word  Cavalier.    To  fpeak  freely  and  ingenuoufly,  Lilly 
**  what  I  then  obferved  of  the  City  Tumults  was  this  :   Firft,  obferved 
**  the    fufferings  of   the    Citizens   who   were   anything   well  of  the 
*'  devoted,  had,  during  all  this  King's  reign,  been  fuch  and  fo  tumults. 


were  even  glad  to  vent  out  their  fighs  and  fufferings  in  this 
"  rather  tumultuous  than  civil  manner :  being  affured  that  if 
**  ever  this  parliament  had  been  diflblved,  they  muft  have  been 
"  racked,  whipt,  and  ftript  by  the . . .  Clergy,  and  other  extrava- 
'*  gant  courfes  :  and  for  any  amendment  which  they  might 
**  expe(5l  from  the  King,  they  too  well  knew  his  temper  ;  that 
**  though  in  a  time  of  parliament  he  often  promifed  to 
**  redrefs  any  grievances,  yet  the  beft  friend  he  hath  cannot 
**  produce  any  one  a£l  of  good  for  his  fubjefts  done  by  him 
"  in  the  vacancy  of  a  parliament.  The  lofers  ufually  have 
"  leave  to  fpeak,  and  fo  had  the  Citizens.  All  this  Xmas 
**  1641,  there  was  nothing  but  private  whifperlngs  in  Court, 
"  and  fecret  counfels  held  by  the  Queen  and  her  party,  with 
"  whom  the  King  fate  in  council  very  late  many  nights. 
*'  What  was  the  particular  refult  of  thefe  clandeftine  confiilta- 
"  tions,  it  will  prefently  appear."  In  thefe  laft  few  words  he 
alludes  of  courfe  to  the  impending  attempt  to  arreft  the 
members. 

*  **  The  tumults,"  fays  Nalfon,  the  moft   unfcrupulous   of 
Royalifl  partizans,  '*  began  upon  this  little  clafh  of  the  two 
Houfes,  the   Lords  refufing  to  join  with  the  Commons  to 
petition  out  Lunlford." — CoUedions^  ii.  781. 


A  Parlia- 
ment  the 
People's 
only  hope. 


Secret 
counfels. 


i( 


(I 


66 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 


Party 
ftate- 
ments. 


the  firft 
aggreflbrs. 


to  be  quoted  fliortly  even  from  Clarendon 
himfelf,*  uniformly  afTerted  by  Royalift  writers 
fince,  and  with  fuch  confident  pertinacity 
that  lefs  partial  writers  have  been  over- 
borne by  it,  that  thefe  gatherings  of  the 
people  were  accompanied  by  violence,  that 
the  Citizens  were  the  aggreflbrs,  and  that 
fwords  were  drawn  at  laft  on  the  other  fide 
only  in  felf-defence.  The  point  is  an  important 
one  to  place  beyond  further  queftion,  becaufe 
here,  and  not  in  any  difpute  as  to  whom  the 
powers  of  the  militia  (hould  refide  with,  really 
Who  were  began  the  Civil  War.  Elaborately  to  argue 
upon  this  or  that  claim  of  right,  whether  to  the 
militia  or  to  any  other  power  of  the  State,  in 
the  pofition  to  which  the  incidents  now  under 
difcuflion  were  about  fwiftly  to  bring  the 
oppofing  parties,  is  to  be  at  infinite  pains 
to  throw  words  into  the  air.  Both  King 
and  Parliament  were  foon  to  afcertain  that 
peace  was  no  longer  pofllble  ;  and  it  was  but 
the  prelude  of  fence  to  the  fharper  confli6b,  the 
underfl:ood  paufe  for  colledion  of  fl:rength  on 
either  fide,  when  the  war  of  words  about  the 
True  be-  militia  began.  h\  the  chapter  of  hifl:ory  I 
ginning  of  have  here  undertaken  to  rewrite  lies  the  true 

the  CiviJ 

fettlement  of  the  doubt  as  to  who  began  the 
Civil  War ;  and  in  thefe  Wefl:minfter  tumults, 
which  were  the  prologue  of  the  tragedy,  it 
will  not  be  difficult  to  fiiow,  on  the  unqueftion- 

*  Hijl,  ii.  92, 


War: 


A 


§  VII.     Citizens  and  Soldiers  in  the  HalL 


67 


able  evidence  now  to  be  produced,  not  merely 
that  the  bloodfhed  was  exclufively  the  ad  of  the 
King's  friends  and  dependants,  and  that  the 
natural  alarm  it  created  was  made  the  excufe 
for    other    and     more    deliberately   planned 
violence  againft   the  people,  but  that  all  this  in  the  at- 
was    unavoidably    a    portion    of   that    defign  ^^J^f^Jy  ^j^^ 
againft  the  Parliament  for  which  the  time  had  P^rlia- 
prematurely    been  fuppofed    to  be    ripe,   and  leaders. 
which  had  for  its  firft  and  immediate  objedt 
the  deftrudlion  of  the  leaders  of  the  Houfe  of 
Commons. 

§  VII.     Citizens   and    Soldiers    in  the 

Hall. 

The  old  year  had  now  only  five  days  to  run,  Monday, 
and  was  faft  departing  amid  incidents  that  only  ^^^^^    ^^' 
too  fitly  ulhered  in  its  dark  and  gloomy  fuc- 
ceflbr.     On  this  eve  of  the  firft  year  of  the 
Great  Civil  War,  the  phyfical  and  the  moral 
atmofphere  alike  feemed  charged  with  ftorm. 
So  fevere  a  feafon  had  not  been  known  for  Severity 
many  winters  ;  *  and  while  each  day,  and  hour  winter. 

*  It   extended   to   Paris,    from    which    city    Windebank, 
writing  to  his  Ion  in  London  on  the  3i8j'Dec.}i64i-2,  Ipeaksof 
the  extraordinary  ftorms  that  were  prevalent,  and  of  "  the  very  Fierce 
**  fierce  froft  methinks  much  exceeding  thofe  in  England,     froft  in 
I  am  tempted  to  add  a  further  portion  of  the  letter,  which  is  Paris, 
every  way  charafteriftic  of  the  weak  and  poor-fpirited  writer, 
to  whom  a  leading  fliare  in  the  government  of  England  had 
been  unrefervedly  committed   in  the  moft  difficult  and  dan- 
gerous crifis  of  her  ftory.     He  is  telling  his  fon  of  his  intenfe 
wi(h  to  return  to  England.     "  Wherein,  methinks,  I  sh**  not 
**  longer  be  impedimented  now  that  I  am  out  of  danger  to 

w  2 


i 


Tempeft 
at  fea. 


68  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 

of  the  day,  brought  its  grief  or  terror  to  un- 
prejudiced watchers  of  events,  it  was  in  the 
midft    of   a  tempeft  that  fwept  the    Englifh 
coaft  with  almoft  unparalleled  violence  that  the 
Admiral  in  the  Downs  continued  to  receive 
the  letters  which  happily  have  preferved  for 
us,   in   fair  and   unexaggerated    language,   an 
impartial  teftimony  of  eye-witnefles  to  events 
very  memorable  in  our  hiftory. 
Mr.  Thos.      "  Concerning  the  ftate  of  our  affaires  here," 
pTnllin^-   wrote  Mr.  Thomas  Smith,  already  named  as  a 
ton,  30th   friend  of  Sir  John  Pennington,  and  who  held  con- 
fidential office  under  the  Earl  of  Northumber- 
land, with  whom  he  had  rooms  at  York  Houfe, 
^'  they  are  not  foe  well  as  I  could  wifh,  for  wee 
'^  are  in  dayly  fears  of  uproares  and  diford". 
*^  The  Trentices  and  our  Souldiers  have  lately 
*'  had  fome  bickerings  wherein  many  of  the 
*'  'prentices  were  wounded,  and  loft  their  hats 
*^  and   cloakes.      This  was    don  yefterday   at 
At  White- ««  Whitehall  Gate,  as  the 'prentices  were  coming 
29th  Dec^'  ''  from  demanding  an  anfwer  of  their  petition 
lately  exhibited  to  the  Parliam^  houfe.     The 
fould"  continue  in  greate  numbers  in  White- 


cc 


C( 


Winde- 
bank  to 
his  Ton. 


<<  retourne  any  more  to  bufinefle.  This  I  defire  you  to  sollicit 
**  &  purlue  w'*'  all  earnellnel's  if  yo  ftiall  find  it  late  to  ftir  in 
**  it,  that  I  may  fee  myne  own  dear  country,  &  poor  neft 
"  again,  and  iom  ende  of  my  wanderinges  and  greate  lijfFer- 
"  ings,  w«='*  if  the  world  did  rightly  confider,  I  am  confident 
**  they  wold  be  fenlible  of  my  condition,  &  the  moft  rigorous 
**  &  hard-harted  wold  thinke  I  have  been  abundantly  puniftied 
**  already  for  anything  that  I  have  donne.  But  God's  will  be 
<'  donne,  and  whatfoever  you  (hall  negotiate  herein  muft  be 
"  with  entire  &  all  humble  fubmiifion  to  His  Ma'^" 


If 


(C 


(( 


§  VII.     Citizens  and  Soldiers  in  the  Hall, 

"  hall.  Thefe  woundes  of  the  'prentices  have 
'*  foe  exafperated  them,  that  it  is  feared  they 
''  will  be  at  Whitehall  this  day  to  the  number 
*'  of  ten  thoufand  ;  whereupon  the  fouldiers 
''  have  increafed  their  number,  built  up  a 
^'  Court  of  Guard  w^^'out  the  Gate,  and  have 
'*  called  down  the  millitary  company  to  their 
*'  afliftance  :  and  what  will  be  the  event,  God 
"  knows.  Neither  do  the  Houfes  and  King 
*'  agree  fo  well  as  I  could  wiftie.  The  Jefuiti- 
**  call  Fadion,  according  to  their  wounted 
cuftome,  fomenting  ftill  jealoufies  between 
the  King  and  his  people,  and  the  Biftiops 
'^  continually  concurring  with  the  Popilli  Lords 
**  againft  the  paffing  any  good  bills  fent  from 
*'  the  Houfe  of  Commons  thither."* 

Under  Secretary  Sidney  Bere,  alfo  writing 
on  the  fame  day  (the  30th  of  December) 
to  his  friend  commanding  in  the  narrow 
feas,  is  more  fpecific  as  to  the  caufes  of 
the  prevailing  excitement :  '^  Since  the  Hol- 
''  lidays  began,"  he  writes,  "here  have 
**  been  fuch  rude  affemblies  and  multitudes 
"  of  the  bafer  fort  of  people,  that  everyday 
**  threatened  a  defperate  confufion.  Nor  are 
*'  we  yet  free  of  thofe  feares.  The  firft  pre- 
''  tended  caufe  of  this  was  the  making  of 
"  Collonel  Lunfford  Lieut^  of  the  Tower. 
**  Which  begat  foe  generall  a  murmure  and 

*  MS.  State  Paper  Office.  Smith  to  Admiral  Pennington, 
30  Dec.  1 641.  And,  under  fame  date,  the  letter  which 
follows  :  Bere  to  Pennington. 


69 


Exafpe  ra- 
tion of  the 
people. 


A  Jefuiti- 
cal  Faftion 
ftrong  in 
the  Houfe. 


The  Un- 
der Secre- 
tary to  the 
Admiral, 
30th  Dec. 


Confufion 
and  fears. 


( 


I 


70 


LunlTord 
knighted 
and  pen- 
lloned 
upon  his 
removal. 


Blood  fhed 
27th  Dec. 


Courtiers 
ordered  to 
be  armed. 


Share  In 

the 

tumults 


The  pen- 
fion  and 
knight- 
hood to 
Lunlford. 


Jrrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

'^  difcontent   that   his    Matie   was    pleafed   to 
"  remove  him  after  two  or  three  dayes  pof- 
'^  feffion  and   to  putt  Sir  John  Biron  m  his 
'*  place  ;  having  made  the  other  a  knight  and 
*^  as  I  am  told  given  him   5001b.  a  year  pen- 
"  fion.*     But  the    people,    not    being    as    it 
^^  feemes  fufficiently  perfwaded  of  this  remove, 
"on    Monday  [the    '27th]    continuing   their 
''  infolencies,  and  meeting  this  Lunfford  at 
''  Weftminfter,  they  fell  to  blowes,  in  w''*  dif- 
*^  order  divers  were  lightly  hurt,  but  without 
'*  further    danger  ;    and    one    of   their  chiefe 
"  leaders  there  was  S'*  Richard  Wifeman,  who 
'^  was    alfoe  hurt.      In   fine    thefe    diilempers 
'^  have    foe    increafed    by    fuch    little    Jkir- 
*' mifhes,    that    now    the    traynebands "    [of 
Middlefex]  '^  keepe  watch  everywhere  :  all  the 
*'  courtiers  commanded  to  weare  fwords  :  and 
*^  a  Corps-de-Gard  Houfe  built  up  within  the 
''  railes  by  Whitehall.    All  which  fills  every  one 
*'  w'^'feares  and  apprehenfions  of  greater  evils." 
Such   fears   and   apprehenfions    might  well 
exift,  but  from  which  quarter  came  the  graver 
threatenings  of  ftorm  .^      On  one    fide    were 
citizens  and  apprentices,  at  firfl;  altogether  un- 
armed, irritating  doubtlefs  as  all  crowds  are, 

*  This  fa»5l  is  now  for  the  firft  time  known.  Of  its  corre6l- 
nefs  there  can  hardly  be  a  doubt,  for  no  man  was  in  fo  good  a 
pofition  for  obtaining  reliable  information  as  the  Under 
Secretary.  The  fame  fa(5l  is  moreover  confirmed  and  repeated 
in  a  letter,  alfo  in  the  State  Paper  Office,  dated  the  29th  Dec. 
164.1,  from  Capt.  Carterett  to  Admiral  Pennington. 


§  VII.     Citizens  and  Soldiers  in  the  Hall. 


71 


but  wreaking  no  mifchief  worfe  than  a  crumpled  taken  by 
cloak  or  band,  a  torn  gown,  an  impertinent  and  Ap- 
word,  or  an  inconvenient  hurtling  and  prefiiire.  prentices. 
An  eyewitnefs  of  the  aflault  on  the  Archbifliop 
of  York,  referred  to  always   as   the  incident 
moft  provocative  of  what  followed,  has  def- 
cribed  it  for  us.      "  I  was  witnefs,'*  fays   Mr. 
Bramfton,*    the  fon   of  the  Chief   Jufl:ice  of 
the  Queen's  Bench,  and  at  this  time  an  inti- 
mate aflbciate    of   Mr.    Hyde,    *^  to    a    lane 
''  made  in  both  the  Palace  Yards,  and  no  man 
"  could  pafs  but  whom  the  rabble  gave  leave  what  Mr. 
"  to,  crying  A  Good  Lord!  or  A  Good  Man  I  ^^^"^^^^ 
'^  Let  him  pajs  I      I  did   fee    the    Bifhop  of  Dec. 
'^  Lincoln's  gownf  torne  as  he  pafled  from  the 
''  flair-head  into  the  entry  that  leads  to  the 
^'  Lords'  Houfe."     And  as  Mr.  Bramfl:on  faw 
we  may  fl:ill  for  ourfelves  fee,  vividly  enough, 
thofe    troublefome    citizen -quidnuncs,    thofe 
idle  varlet-apprentices,  and  with  the  help  of  what 
the  Under  Secretary  tells  us,  can  imagine  the 
reception  they  were  likely  to  give  to  Lunfford, 
infolent  with  favors  fo  heaped  upon  him  even 
in  that  hour  of  his  difmiflal,  as  to  afford  but  Provoea- 

.  f,  .  .    ^  (.  ,       tion  to 

a  new  and  exalperating  mltance  or  a  popular  the  people, 
conceffion  haughtily  unmade  in  the  very  ad:  of 
making  it.     But,  fuch  being  on  one  fide  the 

•  In  his  Autobiography^  publifhed  by  the  Camden  Society, 
p.  8z. 

f  Williams,  Bifhop  of  Lincoln,  had  lb  recently  become 
Archbifhop  of  York  that  Bramfton  calls  him  by  his  more 
familiar  title. 


The  fol- 
dier  aflall- 
ants. 


Volunteer 


72  Arreft  of  the  Five  Mtmbers, 

cafe,  bad  and  vexatious  enough,  what  prefents 
itfelf  to  us  on  the  other  ?       A  fet  of   fierce 
foldier  adventurers,  not  only  men  of  completely 
defperate  fortune,  but  all   of  them  under  the 
ban  of  the  majority  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons, 
yet  offered  and  accepted  with  their  riotous  and 
recklefs  followers  as  a  Court  of  Guard  to  their 
fovereign,  entertained  and  feafted  at  the  very 
gate  of  his  palace,  and  enlifted  under  a  condi- 
tion of  fervice  which  even  Clarendon   thought 
'^  unfeafonable,"  feeing  that  it  began  not  in 
any  needful  defence  of  the  King,    but    in  a 
needlefs  fheddingof  the  blood  of  his  fubjeds. 
It  would  not  be  eafy  to  feled  a  pafTage  more 
SrKing:  charaderiftic  of  the  hiftorian  than  that  in  which 
he    fpeaks    of   this  Whitehall  Guard,   and  of 
the  difaftrous  fervice   in  which  they  were  em- 
ployed.    He  cannot  deny  that  their  entertain- 
ment by  Charles  was  an  adl  of  grofs  indif- 
cretion,  and  he  is  obliged  to  confefs  that  they 
firft  drew  their  fwords  upon  the  people.      But 
Claren-      the  form  in  which  he  gives  utterance   to  fuch 
opinion  of  ^""^"^port^^t  admiflions  againft  the  party  for 
them.        whom  he  holds  his  brief,   is  the  moft  fingular 
manifeftation    conceivable    of   the    degree    to 
which  a  partizan  writer  may  permit  himfelf  to 
become  unconfcious    of   the  plain   effed  and 
meaning  of  the  language  he  employs.       He 
begins  by  faying  *  that  all  the  while  the  King 
had    been  at  Whitehall,  befides    his  ordinary 

•  ////?.  ii.  92,  94. 


§  VII.     Citizens  and  Soldiers  in  the  Hall, 


n 


retinue,  and  menial  fervants,  he  had  kept  in  Compo- 
clofe  attendance  upon  him  a  confiderable  num-  ^ents 
ber  of  officers  of  the  late  difbanded  army,  who  ^J^^^. 
were    foliciting  their  remainder  of   pay  from 
the  two  Houfes  which  was  fecured  to  them  by 
Aft  of  Parliament,  and  were  expefting  fome 
farther  employment  in  the  war  with  Ireland  ; 
and  that  thefe  not  very  fcrupulous  gentlemen, 
upon  obfervation  and  view  of  what  he  calls 
the  infolence  of  the  tumults,  and  the  danger 
that  they  might  poffibly  bring  to  the  Court,  The 
offered  themfelves  for  a  Guard  to  his  Majefly's  J^'^^f^n- 
perfon,  and    were   with    more  formality    and  able  ac- 

•       1    1        1  •  ^1  ceptance 

ceremony  entertamed  by  him,    than,  upon  a  of\heir 
jufl  computation  of   all    diflempers,    was  by  Service  -. 
many    conceived  feafonable.       And    then    he 
goes  on  to  fay  that  "  from  thefe  officers, — 
"  warm  with  indignation  at  the  infolences  of 
'^  that  vile  rabble  which  every  day  pafTed  by 
^*  the  Court, — there  proceeded,  firfl,  words  of 
great  contempt,  and  then,  thofe  words  com- 
monly finding  a  return  of  equal  fcorn,  blows  Citizens 
^  were  faflened  upon  fome  of  the  moft  prag- ^^"^j^^_ 

matical  of  the  crew."  In  plain  language,  bailed  by 
the  provocation  both  of  words  and  blows 
came  firft  from  the  Whitehall  defperadoes. 
Their  advocate  continues  :  "  This  was  looked 
upon  by  the  Houfe  of  Commons  like  a 
levying  of  war  by  the  King,  and  much 
*'  pity  cxprefTed  by  them  that  the  poor  people 
"  fhould  be  fo  ufed  who  came  to  them  with 


(C 


cc 


cc 


(C 


(C 


74 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 


§  VII.     Citizens  and  Soldiers  in  the  Hall. 


75 


Cuts  and 
flafhes 
drawing 
blood. 


Plain 
meanings 
to  Claren- 
don's 
fpeech. 


Eager  en- 
courage- 
ment to 
attack,  on 
Citizens. 


"  petitions  "—  to  go  to  the  Houfe  of  Commons 
with  petitions  was  in  reality  the  tumult  and 
infolence  complained  of — ^'  for  fome  few  of 
''  them  had  received  fome  cuts  and  flaflies  that 
"  had  drawn  blood  ;  and  that  made  a  great 
^^  argument  for  reinforcing  their  numbers. 
*^  And  from  thefe  conteftations  the  two  terms  of 
^^  Roundhead  and  CavaHer  grew  to  be  received 
"  in  difcourfe,  and  were  afterwards  continued 
"  for  the  moft  fuccincfl  diftindion  of  aiFedions 
**  throughout  the  quarrel:  they  who  were 
*'  looked  upon  as  fervants  to  the  King  being 
''thus  called  Cavaliers,  and  the  others  of  the 
"  rabble  contemned  and  defpifed  under  the 
''  name  of  Roundheads." 

To  put  all  this  into  plain  fpeech  is  to  fay- 
that,  at  a  time  when  above  all  others  it  behoved 
the  King  to  be  wary  of  unduly  exciting  jea- 
loufies  and  fufpicions,  he  accepted  from  a  band 
of  recklefs  and  defperate  foldiers  of  fortune  a 
proffered  perfonal  devotion  which  was  to  dif- 
play  itfelf  in  the  moft  adive  hate  of  a  parti- 
cular fedion  of  his  people.  Nor  was  it  dry 
acceptance  only,  but  eager  encouragement, 
that  Charles  extended  to  them.  While  thefe 
men  fo  infulted  the  Citizens,  upon  whom 
they  faftened  blows,  and  upon  whom  they  drew 
their  fwords,  they  were  the  guefts  of  the 
King  in  his  own  palace,  entertained  and  fed  at 
his  expenfe.  And  whether  thofe  of  the  af- 
failed  were  few  or  many,  who,  in  the  nicely- 


f 


chofen  phrafe  of  Hyde,  *'  received  fome  cuts  Abettors 
*'  and  flafhes  that  had  drawn  blood,"  neither  o^^^g^ 
exaggerates  nor  diminifties  the  crime.     The 
fad  undeniably  remains,  as  admitted  by  Cla- 
rendon, and  (in  a  paflage  which  will  (hortly  be 
quoted)  confirmed  by  Rufhworth  ;  and  to  it 
is  to  be  added  the  further  not  lefs  fignificant 
circumftance,  that  when  that  famous  Declara- 
tion   of  both    Houfes  was    prefented   to  the 
King    at    Newmarket    in    the    early  days   of 
March,  to  which,  as  Lord   Holland  read  it, 
Charles  fpared  no  epithet  of  anger  or  fcorn 
{that's  falfe !    that's  a  lye  I  broke  from  him 
at  its  feveral  averments),  he  heard  in  filence 
thofe  portions  of  it  which  charged  him  with  Defign  in 
having  enlifted  in  an  unufual  manner,  and  put  waging  the 
into  regular  pay  under  the  command  of  colonels,  Whitehall 
this  Whitehall  Guard ;    with   havmg    feafted  does : 
and   caroufed  them  at  the  palace  in  a  manner 
altogether  unaccuftomed ;  with  having  endea- 
voured to  engage  the   gentlemen  of  the  Inns 
of  Court  to  co-operate  with  them  ;  and  with 
having  for  his  manifeft  defign  in  all  this,  *'  a 
''  perpetual  guard  *'  fuch  as  the  laws  did  not  To  draw 
warrant.*     In  his  own  formal  anfwer,  indeed,  ft^ding  ^ 
publifiied  on  the  9th  March,  he  fubftantially  Guard, 
admits  the  allegations  made.  "Why  the  lifting," 
he  fays,  "  of  fo  many  officers,  and  entertaining 
*^  them  at  Whitehall,  fliould  be  mifconftrued, 
''  we  much    marvel,  when    it   is   notorioufly 

•  Ruflinvorthj  III.  vol.  i.  529. 


76 


Admif- 
fions  by 
the  King 
9th 
March, 


1 6 


4.2, 


WitnefTes 
above  ful- 
picion. 


Slingfby's 
ftiip  at 
Spithead, 
25th  Nov. 

His 

brother's 
con- 
nexion 
with 
StiafFord. 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members, 

"  known  the  tumults  at  Weftminfter  were 
"  fo  great,  and  their  demeanour  fo  fcan- 
*'  dalous  and  feditlous,  that  we  had  good  caufe 
"  to  fuppofe  our  own  perfon,  and  thofe  of  our 
*'  wife  and  children,  to  be  in  apparent  danger  ; 
*^  and  therefore  we  had  great  reafon  to  appoint 
"  a  Guard  about  us,  and  to  accept  the  dutiful 
*' tender  of  the  fervices  of  any  of  our  loving 
''  fubjeds."* 

Let  me  upon  this  fubjec5l  add  to  the 
evidence  already  quoted,  that  of  another  wit- 
nefs  equally  above  fufpicion  ;  whofe  difcon- 
tent  at  this  time  with  the  Houfe  of  Com- 
mons t  would  have  ill  difpofed  him  to  fympathy 
with  any  but  its  moft  bitter  aflailants ;  and 
who  diftincflly  tells  us,  not  merely  that  Lunf- 
ford  and  his  friends,  with  drawn  fwords,  charged 
upon  the  Citizens  and  ''  chafed  "  them  round 
the  Hall,  but  that  fmall  parties  of  fome  fifteen 
or  fixteen  officers  of  the  army  had  fallen  upon 
crowds  of  unoffending  civilians,  and  left 
forty  or  fifty  of  them  wounded. 

*  KuJJinxorthy  III.  vol.  i.  536,  537. 

t  On  the  2  5th  Nov.  1641,  Captain  Slingfby  had  thus  written 
(MS.  State  Paper  Office):  "On  Saturday  morning  laft  I 
' '  brought  the  Happie  Entrance  to  the  Spitthead,  where,  having 
*'  a  pilott  aboard,  but  the  wind  Hill  Northerly  that  (he  was  not 
*'  like  I'uddenly  to  gett  into  the  harbour,  I  came  away  to 
"  London.  She  is  prelently  to  be  made  ready  again  to  go 
**  tor  Ireland,  Captain  Owen  in  her:  Tome  of  the  Parliament 
*'  as  I  hear  having  made  Ibme  icruples  concerning  my  fitnefle 
**  for  that  imployment,  in  refpe^lot  my  brother's  neare  relation 
"to  my  Lord  of  Strafford  :  yett  I  find  no  alteration  in  my 
"  Lord's  [Northumberland]  countenance  towards  me,  as  he 
*'  fayth  it  will  not  prejudice  me  for  other  employments." 


I 
[ 


§  VII.      Citizens  and  Soldiers  in  the  HalL 


77 


''  I    cannot  fay,"  writes  Slingfby,  already 
defcribed  as  the  brother  of  Strafford's  Secre- 
tary,*   ''  we  have    had    a    merry    Chriftmas, 
''  but  the  maddeft  one  that  ever  I  faw.     The 
''  prentices  and  bafer  fort  of  citizens,  faylors, 
''  and  water  men,  in  greate  numbers  everie  day 
'' at  Weftminfter,    armed  with  fwords,  f  hal- 
''  herds,  clubbs,  w^»^  hath  made  the  King  keep 
''  a  ftronge  Guard    about  Whitehall,  of  the 
''  Trayned  Bands  without,  and  of  gentlemen 
"  and  officers  of  the  army  within.     The  King 
''  had  upon  Chriftmas  Eve  putt  Coll.  Lunfford 
"  in  to  be  Lieutenant  of  the  Tower,  w^^  was 
"  fo  much  refented  by  the  Conlons  and  by  the 
'^Cittie,  that  the  Sunday   after   he  difplaced 
''  him  again,  and  putt  in  Sir  John  Biron,  who 
''  is    little   better   accepted   than    the    other. 
"  Lunfford  being  on  Monday  laft  in  the  Hall, 
«^  with  about  a  dozen  other  gentlemen,  he  was 
'^  affronted  by  fome  of  the  citizens  whereof  the 
''  hall  was  full  ;  and  fo  they  drew  their  fwords, 
<'  chafing  the  citizens  about  the  Hall,  and  fo 
''  made  their  way  through  them  w"''  were  in 
"  ye  Pallace  Yard  and  in  Kinges  Street,   till 
''  they  came  to  Whitehall.     The  Archbiftiop 
''  of  Yorke  was  beaten  by  the  'prentices  the 


A  mad 
Chrift- 
mas. 


Excufes 
for  the 
W^hitehall 
Guard. 


Unpopu 
larity  of 
Sir  John 
Biron. 


Citizens 
chafed 
about  the 
Hall  by 
armed 
foldiei-s. 


•  MS.  State  Paper  Office.  "  R*  Slyngfbie  to  the  hon^'«^  Sir 
"  John  Pennington  Knt.  Admirall  of  his  Ma»'"  Fleete  for 
**  guard  of  the  narrow  feas  : "   30th  Dec.  1641. 

f  This  is  a  mere  carelefs  affertion,  as  is  proved  by  the 
paflfages  immediately  following  it,  which  (how  that  the  Citizens 
could  not  have  been  armed. 


78 


Aftray  in 
the 

Abbey, 
Dec.  28th. 


Unpro- 
voked 
outrage 
by  the 
loldiers, 
29th  Dec. 


Gentle- 
men 
armed 
crowding 
the  court. 
500  volun- 
teer Law- 
yers: 30th 
Dec. 


Charge 
againft 
Lord 
Briftol. 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 

"  fame  day,  as  he  was  going  into  the  Parlia- 

"  ment.      The    next    day  they  afTaulted    the 

'^  Abbey  to  pull  down  the  organs  and  the  altar" 

(there     had    been    recent    order    for    peculiar 

ceremonies  and  obfervances  at  the  altar),  "  but 

'*  it  was  defended  by  the  Archbifhop  of  Yorke 

*'  his  fervants,  with  fome  other  gentlemen  that 

"  came  to  them  :  divers  of  the  citizens  hurtt 

'*but  not    killed:   amongft    them    that  were 

*'  hurtt,  one  knight.   Sir   Richard  Wifeman, 

*'  who  is  their  cheife  leader.      Yefterday  about 

'^fifteen  or  fixteen  officers  of  the  army  ftand- 

''  ing  at  the  court  gate,  took  a  flight  occafion 

*^  to  fall  upon  them,  and  hurt  about  forty  or 

*'  fifty  of  them  :   they  in  all  their  fkirmifhes 

"  have  avoided  thrufling,   becaufe  they  would 

''  not  kill  them.    I  never  faw  the  Court  fo  full 

^^  of  gentlemen.   Every  one  comes  thither  with 

"  their  fwordes.     This  day  500  gentlemen  of 

^^  the  Innes  of  Court,  came  to  offer  their  fer- 

"  vices  to  the  King.    The  officers  of  the  army 

'*  fince  thefe  tumults  have  watcht  and  kept  a 

'^  Court  of  Guard  in  the  Prefence  Chamber,  and 

*'  are  entertained  upon  the  King's  charge.      A 

**  company  of  foldiers  are  put  into  the  Abbey 

*^  for  defence  of  it.     The  Houfe  of  Commons 

*'  have  drawn  up  a  charge,  and  fent  it  up  againfl 

*'  my  Lord  of  Briftol  :  the  fame  that  he  was 

'Mong  fince  accufed  of  and  acquitted  by  the 

^^  firfl  Parliament  of  the  King." 

It  has  been  feen,  as  defcribed  by  an  adlual 


' 


(I 
§  VII.      Citizens  and  Soldiers  in  the  Hall. 

eye-witnefs,  what  was  the  nature  of  the  fo-called 
*' beating  "  of  the  Archbifhop  of  York  referred 
to  in  this  letter ;  and  it  is  hardly  neceffary  to 
dired  attention  to  the  fad  that  all  the  real  hurts 
defcribed  in  the  various  accounts  are  exclufively 
thofe  inflidled  on,  and  in  no  fingle  inftance  by, 
civilians.  No  mention  occurs  anywhere  of  a 
wound,  however  flight,  infiided  by  an  apprentice 
or  citizen.  But  we  get  fome  clue  to  the  means 
ufed  to  irritate  the  mob  into  violence,  by  what 
was  complained  of  in  the  Houfe  of  Commons 
on  the  morning  after  the  Archbifhop's  gown 
was  fo  rudely  handled  in  Weflminfter  Hall. 
Going  from  the  Houfe  to  his  lodging,  an 
Honorable  Member,  "  as  he  paffed  thro'  the 
"  churchyard,  found  there  a  guard  of  foldiers  ; 
*^and  inquiring  of  them  by  whofe  command 
"  they  were  there,  they  anfwered  by  the  Arch- 
'^  bifliopof  Yorke's  :  "  whereupon,  after  fharp 
difcuffion,  the  Houfe  generally  declared  it  to 
be  a  grave  mifdemeanor  that  guards  fhould  fo 
be  fet  about  without  due  authority,  to  the  terror 
and  affright  of  the  people.*     Certainly  a  torn 

*  Nalfon's  ColleSiions  ii.  793.  I  add  a  remarkable  paflage 
from  D'Ewes  MS.  Journal  of  little  more  than  a  fortnight's 
later  date,  which  may  help  to  (how  that  the  incidents  now 
under  notice,  and  the  principal  aftors  in  them,  had  a  clofe  and 
ominous  conne6lion  with  the  attempt  fo  foon  to  be  made  by 
the  king.  "  Mr.  Miles  Corbet  made  a  relation  touching  one 
**  Mr.  Pemberton,  who  was  examined  when  the  Committee 
**  fat  in  Guildhall,  before  Mr.  Edward  Wright  an  Alderman 
**  of  London,  and  was  fent  by  him  to  one  of  the  Counters  : 
"  that  he  had  confefled  that  he  was  one  of  them  that  had 
**  come  hither  with  the  king  on  Tuefday,  Jan.  4.,  and  that  he 
*'  commanded  +0  men   at  the    Abbey    of   Wellminftcr  that 


79 


No  blood 
(hed  by 
the  Citi- 
zens. 


A  fighting 
Arch- 
bifhop. 


Entry 
from 

D'Ewes's 
Journal. 


.♦• 


8o 


Incite- 
ments to 
violence. 


Shops 
doled, 
and  all 
men 
arming. 


Danger- 
ous beliefs. 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

gown  hardly  juftified  preparations  ib  for- 
midable, and  the  reader  may  perhaps  fee  in 
the  incident  a  fufficing  explanation  for  what 
Captain  Slingfby  defcribes  as  occurring  on 
^'  the  next  day." 

In  brief,  each  hour  now  brought  its  alarm, 
and  figns  and  portents  of  approaching  calamity 
were  everywhere  abroad.  The  clofe  of  Captain 
Slingfby's  letter  leaves  us  no  room  to  doubt  the 
definite  and  dangerous  impreffion  already  pro- 
duced upon  himfelf.  '*  The  cittizens,*'  he  fays, 
"  for  the  moft  part  fhutt  up  their  fhoppes,  and 
*^  all  gentlemen  provide  themfelves  with  armes 
"  as  in  time  of  open  hoftillities.  Both  fa«flions 
'^  talke  very  bigge,  and  itt  is  a  wonder  there  is 
^^  noe  more  blood  yett  fpilt,  feeing  how  earneft 
*'  both  fides  are.  There  is  no  doubt  but  if 
^^  the  King  doe  not  comply  with  the  Comons 
*^  in  all  thinges  they  defire,  a  fudden  civill 
*'  warr  muft  enfue ;  w*"''  everie  day  we  fee 
"approaches  fooner.*'  Dangerous  in  its 
growth  fuch  a  belief  as  this  could  not  fail  to 
be.  It  narrowed  the  grounds  of  agreement 
left,  fhut  out  all  hope  in  which  ultimate  fafety 
lay,  and  brought  nearer  the  dreaded  calamity 
by  making  the  mere  thought  of  it  more  fami- 
liar. If  fuch  men  as  Slingfby  reafoned  that 
civil  war  was  unavoidable,  it  was  but  natural 
that  the  recklefs  men  of  his  party  fhould  ad 

'*  evening  when  Sir  Richard  Wifeman  was  hurt  [to  death].'* 
— Harl,  MSS.  1 6,  f.  331  a,  336  a. 


rrj 


^ 


1 


§  VIII.     fF/iai  was  pajfing  in  the  Houfe. 


81 


as  if  civil  war  were  come.  It  is  at  leafl:  certain 
that  in  fuch  a  fl:ate  of  feeling  and  apprehen- 
fion,  fo  widely  fpread,  a  terrible  refponfibility 
attended  any  ad  which  fhould  carry  with  it  a 
fudden  and  violent  increafe  of  the  prevailing 
excitements;  nor,   were  its  confequences  ever  ^/^'''^i^*^ 

r  ir  •    1       •  relponli- 

10  appalling,  might  its  author  with  any  juflice  bility. 
claim  exemption   from  the   charge  of  having 
deliberately  intended  to  produce  them. 

§  VIII.   What  was  passing  in  the  House. 

Resorting,  for  information   of  what  was 
meanwhile  pafTing  in  the  Houfe,  to  the  manu- 
fcript  Journal  of  D'Ewes,*  we  find  the  details 
of  Captain  Slingfby's  letter  in  all  refpeds  con- 
firmed. On  the  firfl:  day  of  the  tumults,  D'Ewes  Firft  day 
makes  a  brief  and  hurried  note  of  what  was  Tumults, 
paiTing    in    the   Houfe ;   and  the  abrupt,  un-  ^7th  Dec. 
finifhed    fentence,    more    fl:rikingly   than  any 
elaborate  detail,  depids  the  prevailing  agitation. 
The    fitting   was    only  prolonged    to    receive 
evidence  that    ''  the    quarrel    in   Weflminiter 
"  Hall  began  from  fome  foldiers  or  gentlemen 

♦   Brit.  Mus.  Harleian  MSS.  162-166.     This  moft  curious  State  of 
and  valuable  record,   as  I   have  ftated  in   a  former  work,   is  D'Ewes's 
contained  in  five  feveral  volumes,  to  which  corrcft   reference  Journal  in 
is  often  extremely  difficult  j  the  fame  period  occupying  more  the  Har- 
than  one  volume,  and  it  being  frequently  neceflary  to  examine  leianMSS. 
all  the  volumes  in  fearching   for  the   completed  record  of  one 
particular  debate.     The  ftate   of  the   writing,  too,   with   its 
blotted  and  often  hopeleflly  involved  interlineations,  interpofes 
frequent  obftruftion.      My   references   have,   however,    been 
njade  with  much  care  j  and,  where  not   minutely  exad,  will 
always  be  found  within  one  or  two  folios  of  the  precife  place 
fought.  ^  ^ 


82 


Second 
day  of  the 
Tumults, 
28th  Dec. 


Lord 

Newport's 

dil'miflal 

debated. 


Oliver 
Cromwell 
fpcaking : 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

"  who  firft  offered  violence  to  the  citizens,'*^^ 
and  that  Colonel  Lunfford  was  one  of  thofe 
whofe  fwords  had  flafhed  in  the  faces  of  un- 
armed men.  Next  day,  however,  Tuefday 
the  28th  December,  the  day  following  that  on 
which  Lunfford  had  fo  led  the  aflault  on  the 
crowd  in  Weftminfter  Hall,  D'Ewes  was  again 
at  his  port,  and  found  Cromwell  fpeaking  on 
Lord  Newport's  difmiffal  from  the  conftable- 
fhip  of  the  Tower. 

The  honorable  member  for  Cambridge 
feldom  failed  to  give  a  pradical  bearing  and 
purpofe  to  any  debate  he  engaged  in,  and 
now  he  was  employing  the  Newport  affair 
to  bring  the  Houfe  back  to  confideration  of 
the  point,  not  whether  fuch  idle  words  as  the 
King  imputed  had  been  fpoken,t  but  whether 
treafonable  advice  had  at  any  time  been  given, 
and  by  whom,  for  bringing  up  the  army  to 
overawe  the  deliberations  of  that  Houfe. 
Cromwell,  as  we  have  {^^\\  Captain  Slingfby 
inform  his  Admiral,  difl:inc5lly  pointed  to  my 
Lord  of  Briftol,  Lord  Digby's  father;  and, 
reviving  an  old  to  couple  with  it  a  new  charge, 
arraigned  him  not  merely  as  having  notorioufly 
counfelled  the  Sovereign  in  former  years,  for 
worldly  and  prudential  reafons,  to  become 
Roman  Catholic,{  but  as  having,  in  regard  to 

*  Harleian  MSS.  162,  f.  287  b. 
■f-  See  ante,  p.  38. 

J  When  they  were  together  in  Spain,  upon  that  maa  freak  of 
tlie  Spanifti  Match  which  carried  with  it  feveral  very  grave  con- 


I 


k 


§  VIII.      What  was  pajfing  in  the  Houfe. 

the  matter  of  bringing  up  the  Northern  force, 
diftinc5lly  advifed  his  Majefty,  in  language  con- 
feffed  by  himfelf,  to  ^^  put  the  army  in  a 
''  pofture.''  Fit,  then,  faid  Cromwell,  that  this 
Houfe  defire  the  Lords  to  join  with  us  in 
moving  his  Majefty  that  fuch  a  perfon  as  this 
Earl  of  Briftol  be  removed  from  his  councils. 
For  what  room  was  there  to  doubt  that  a  more 
than  ordinary  meaning  lay  beneath  the  words 
fo  ufed  }  The  due  pofture  of  the  army  at 
that  time,  added  Cromwell,  with  the  homely 
force  and  vigour  that  chara(5lerifed  all  his 
fpeeches,  was  the  pofture  of  lying  fill,  and 
that  pofture  the  faid  army  was  already  in.* 
Denzil  Hollis  followed  up  this  attack  on  Lord 
Briftol  by  fome  telling  blows  againft  his  fon. 
Lord  Digby,  who  had  declared  only  the 
previous  day,  in  a  fpeech  which  Hollis  juftly 
characfterifed  as  the  moft  dangerous  and  perni- 
cious that  could  be  fpoken  by  a  fubjecfl,  that 
this  was  not  a  free  Parliament. f 

And  here  let  me  interpofe,  that  though  the 
accufed  members  always  maintained  that  the 
King  a(5ted  on  other  than  a  fingle  perfon's 
advice  in  his  great  outrage  againft  them,  it  is 
hardly  neceffary  alfo  to  fay  that  they  needed 
nothing  to  affure  them  of  Lord  Digby's 
thorough  complicity.  It  may  be  well  to  premife, 

fequences.  Perhaps  the  beft  account  of  it  can  be  gathered  from 
HowelPs  Letters. 

•  Harleian  MSS.  162,  f.  288  a. 

f  lb,  f.  291  a,  b. 

o  2 


83 


De- 
nounces 
the  Earl 
of  Briftol. 


Denzil 

Hollis 

attacks 

Lord 

Digby. 


Lord 
Digby's 
complicity 
with  at- 
tempts of 
3rd  and 
^th  Jan. 


84 


No  acquit- 
tal of 
Lord 

Digby  in- 
tended. 


Refolution 
on  his  im- 
peach- 
ment. 


Long 
filences 
in  the 
Houle  : 


Tuefday 
28th. 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members, 

however,  that  in  whatever  is  further  to  befaid 
having  a  tendency  to  involve  others,  no  acquit- 
tal of  Lord  Digby  is  intended.  His  fhare  was 
open  and  avowed,  at  any  rate  after  the  event ; 
and  when  on  the  19th  February  164 1-2,  the 
Houfe  (overruling  a  recommendation  from  the 
committee  to  whom  the  matter  had  been 
referred,  and  of  which  Sir  John  Evelyn  was 
chairman,  for  a  bill  of  attainder)  refolved 
to  impeach  him,  one  of  the  refolutions  on 
which  they  proceeded  was  "  That  hee  was  an 
''  advifer  of  the  articles  ag*  the  five  members, 
''  and  of  the  King's  coming  to  the  Houfe  of 
'^  Commons."*  Other  notices  and  indications 
of  the  fufpicion  in  which  both  Digby  and  his 
father  werejuftly  held  will  hereafter  appear  alfo 
in  many  private  letters. 

Aconfiderablepaufe  enfued  in  the  Houfe  after 
Cromwell  had  fpoken,  and  in  the  courfe  of  his 
entry  in  this  day's  Journal,  D'Ewes  has  thrice 
to  remark  that  there  followed  "  a  long  filence." 
The  fhadow  of  events  of  which  no  man  could 
forecaft  the  courfe  or  fee  the  end,  had  by  this 
time  fallen  upon  the  moft  voluble  debaters  ;  and 
only  the  few  refolute  men  who  held  together 
and  led  the  majority,  proof  alike  againft  the 
temptations  of  the  Court  and  the  impatience  of 
the  People,  kept  their  courage  and  refolves 
unfhaken. 

The  next  day  pafled    more  quietly.      For 

•  Verney's  A^o/rj,  157. 


^  vin.     fVhat  was  faffing  in  the  Houfe. 


^ij 


' 


though    a  grofs  outrage   was    fuddenly  com- 
mitted by  a  party  of  foldiers  upon  a  number 
of    citizens    paiTing    Whitehall     after    having 
carried   up  a  petition  to  the  Houfe   of  Com- 
mons,* means  had  been  taken  by  the  popular 
leaders  to  prevent  the  recurrence  of  the  crowds 
of    the     two    previous    days ;    and    the    only 
threatening    appearances    in    the    ftreets   were 
from    flowly    increafing    groups    of    diflblute 
armed    men,   filently    gathering    to    the    new 
Guard  at  Whitehall.     Still   the  greateft   fears 
and    doubts   prevailed,    and    while   Cromwell 
was  addreffing  the   Houfe  upon  the  neceffity 
of    having    the    army,    efpecially    in    Ireland, 
officered    by    men    in    whom     the    people's 
reprefentatives  had  confidence,  a  man  named 
Rowley  was  brought  to  the  bar  to  give  evi- 
dence of  certain   matters  by  which  a  worthy 
member  had  been  not  a  little  alarmed.     "  De- 
''  pofed  by  Rowley,''  fays  D'Ewes,  *'that  he 
"  heard  a    French    papift  fay  to    another    in 
"  Cheapfide  on  Monday  laft  that  he   under- 
*'  flood    there    were    hurly-burleys    at    Weft- 
''  minfter,  and  that  if  there  ftiould  fall  out  any 
''  hurly-burleys  here,  there  fhould  soon  come 
*'  fifteen  thouiand  French  out  of  France  upon 
*'  our  backs."!  The  Houfe  took  noadion  upon 

*   Ante,  68  and  78. 

f  D'Ewes  MS.  Journal:  Wednefday,  29  December,  164.1. 
The  Member  for  Cambridge  complained  loudly  on  this  occafion 
that  no  place  had  yet  been  found  among  the  Irifti  Military 
appointments  for  Captain  Owen  O'Connel. 


85 


Wednef- 
day the 
29th  Dec. 


Cromwell 
as  to 
officering 
of  the 
army. 


Threats  of 

French  in- 

terfereoce 

to  put 

down 

Englifh 

liberties 


86 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 


Infolence 
of  a 
French 
prieft. 


Court 
fecrets 


this,  any  more  than  upon  a  report  fubfequently 
brought   in    by  Sir  Arthur    Haselrig    to  the 
efFeft  that  a  French  prieft  had  faid  he  hoped 
ere  long  to  fee  half-a-dozen  parliament  men 
hanged.     It  is  neverthelefs  not  undeferving  of 
remark,  that  it  was  mainly  from    French  per- 
fons  that  every  afcertained  or  diftind  warning 
was  obtained,  before  the  event,  of  the  outrage 
about  to  be  committed.     Madame  de  Motte- 
ville,   and   the  people    about   the   Queen,  un- 
known to  doubtedly  knew  it ;    the  French  ambaflador, 
French.     Montreuil,  took  credit  to  himfelf  afterwards 
for  having  fecretly  fent  notice  to  the  leaders  of 
the  House  ;  it  was  from  a  French  officer,  on  the 
day  of  the  attempt,  that  the  intelligence  was 
obtained  which  certainly  prevented  bloodfhed  ; 
it  was,  as  we  fhall   find    ftated    by   D'Ewes, 
from  a  '^  noble  perfon  who  wifhes  well  to  this 
^'  nation  '**    (in  other   words  moft    probably 
Montreuil,  whose  credit,  hitherto  impugned, 
Frenchin-the  remark  may  re-eftablifh),  that  the  French 

lormation.     ^^  .  ^ 

otticer  in  queftion.  Captain  Langres,  was 
enabled  to  do  that  fervice ;  and,  the  fame 
authority  will  tell  us,  it  was  by  a  member  of 
the  King's  new  guard,  a  Frenchman  named 
Fleury,  that  Captain  Langres  was  informed, 
three  weeks  before  the  more  fpecial  warning 
on  which  he  aded,  that  great  troubles  were 
hatching. 

From  one  of  our  own  countrymen,  indeed, 

•  HarleianMSS.  162  f.  310  b. 


I 
A 


^; 


I 


§  VIII.     JVhat  was  pajfing  in  the  Houfe.  87 

an  Engliftiman  ftill  famous  for  his  imagination 
and  wit,  a  warning  reached   Lord   Kimbolton 
the   day  before  the  arreft  :  when  Marfton   the 
dramatift,  then  laid  by  the  heels  in  the  Gate-  Wa^rning__ 
Houfe,    had   written   to  him    of  a  danger  to  foner  in 
himfelf  and  the  Parliament  which  it  concerned  Houfo!^" 
him  at  once  to  know  ;  which  admitted  of  no 
delay,  inafmuch  as  no  one  could  tell  how  foon 
it  might  be  too  late  ;  and  which,  not  more  for 
his  own  than  the  Parliament's  fake,  he  was  on 
no  account  to  flight,  as  thinking  it  of  mean 
confequence.*  But,  of  all  the  debtors'  prifons. 


*   I  fubjoln  this  letter,  found  by  Mr.  Cunningham  among 
other  papers  of  the  time  at  Kimbolton  Caftle,  and  firft  prmted 
by  Mr.  Collier  in  his  edition  of  Shalcefpeare  (1858,  i.  179). 
It  is  undated,   but  that  "  this  prefent  Monday  "  was  Monday 
the  3rd  January    164.1-2,  is   rendered  in  my  judgment  ablo- 
lutely  certain   by  the  circumllances.      Whether,  indeed,  the 
writer  was  the  poet  Marfton   I  was  difpofed  to  doubt  until  I 
was  favored  with   a  communication   from  Mr.    Beedham  of 
Kimbolton,  to  whom  my  beft  thanks  are   due.     '*  To  the 
"  Right  Honorable  the  Lord  Kimbolton  thefe.     My  Lord,— 
*'  Though  my  owne  miferies  prefs  me  hard  to  follicite  your 
"  Honours  Compaflion,  yet  that  you  maybeaflurcd  how  much 
«'  I  am   vnfeduc't    from    my  former  temper,  I  (hall  now  dif- 
**  ferue  my  felfe   (though  my  condicon   be  very  calamitous) 
♦«  to  ferue  your  Honour,  and  y*^  Parliam*,  in  a  matter  of  no 
"  meane  concernm'  :  The  errand  I  fend  this  paper  on  to  your 
*'  Lord'P  is  to  offer  to  your  Honour  a  dilcovery  of  no  meane 
*'  confequence,  w*^''  I  befeech   your  Honor  not  to  (light  before 
"  you  know  it ;  for  when  you  do,  I   am  fure  you  will  not : 
"  to  W^**  purpofe  I  humbly  beg   that  your  Honor  will  fend 
"  fom    fuch   trufty    and   rationall    mefTinger   to    me,    whole 
"  reladon  to  your   Honour  may  be   heere  vnknowne,  and  y» 
*♦  the  fame  mefTmger  may  bring  me   fom  affurance  y*    I  (hall 
*'  be  concealed  in  y«  bufmefs  :  My  Lord,  I  hope  you  will  not 
"  delay,  for  I  cannot  tell  how  foone,  it  may  be  to  late  :  For 
*'  y*  future  I  bel'eech  your  Honor  to  efteeme  me  a  moft  fayth- 
*'  full  feruant  to  your  Honor  and  y*  ParliamS  from  w^**  nothing 
"  (hall    eucr  di(roblige    Your   moft    humble    feruant,   John 
"  Marston.— From  the  Gate-Howfe  this  prefent  Monday. ' 


John 

Marfton  to 
Lord 
Kimbol- 
ton : 


Has  a  dif- 
covery  to 
make,  im- 
portant to 
his  Lord- 
ftiip  and 
to  Parlia- 
ment. 


1    N 


88 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members, 


§  IX.     THie  Bijhopsjent  to  the  Tower, 


89 


and  re 
cufants. 


Prlfon  for  the  Gatc-Houfe  was  that  to  which  all  men 
under  remand  or  examination  from  the  Council- 
table,  and  eminently  all  Jefuit  priefts  and 
recufantSj  were  incefTantly  committed ;  and 
that  Marfton  had  derived  his  information  from 
fome  one  conneded  with  the  French  fathers 
and  confefTors  about  the  Queen,  I  entertain  no 
doubt  whatever.  Other  circumftances  render 
it  as  little  doubtful  that  the  contemplated  im- 
peachment had  been  fecretly  talked  about  for 
fome  days,  and  that  hints  and  cautions  had 
been  permitted  to  efcape.  It  will  fliortly  be  (ttn 
what  good  grounds  D'Ewes  gives  us  for  be- 
lieving, that  Pym  himfelf  knew  at  lead  enough 
of  the  intention  to  hazard  the  impeachment 
to  put  him  warily  on  his  guard  as  againft  a 
particular  impending  danger,  at  leaft  four  days 
before  the  attempt  of  which  it  has  been  the 
cuftom  of  all  hiftorians  to  write  as  having 
entered  into  the  mind  of  the  King  only  the 
moment  before  its  execution.* 


The 
danger 
known  to 
Pym. 


Thurfday 
30th  Dec. 


Attack  on 
Parlia- 
ment ex- 
pefted, 
30th  Nov. 
1641. 


IX.   The  Bishops  sent  to  the  Tower. 
Thursday,  the  30th    December,  was  now 

•  See  alio  my  Hifl.  and  Biog.  Efays^  i.  135,  note,  forfingular 
intimations,  in  the  realbns  preTcntcd  to  the  Lords  for  the  claim 
of  the  Houles  to  be  guarded  by  the  trainbands  they  had 
I'elefled,  that  Pym  knew  the  poflible  danger  they  had  moft 
caule  to  dread.  He  there  Ipeaks  of  the  "  iurprizing  of  the 
**  perlbns  of  divers  members  of  the  Scottifh  parliam'j"  fays 
that  vvhifperings  had  gone  abroad  of  "the  like  being  intended 
"  ag'  divers  perfons  of  both  Hoiifes  here;"  and  broadly  ftates 
in  his  conclufion  that  there  was  "  juil  caufe  to  apprehend  Ibme 
*'  wicked  and  mifchievous  prat5>ice  Hill  in  hand  to  interrupt 
**  the  peaceable  proceedings  of  this  parliament." 


t{ 


come,  and  hardly  had  the  Lower  Houfe  aiTem- 
bled,  when  an  urgent  meffage  from  the  Lords,  Meflage 

,  .  r     ^  r  ^'""^  the 

touchmg  matters   or   dangerous    conlequence.  Lords, 
called  them  to  conference.     The  Bifhops  in  a 
body  had  fent  to  the  Lords,  through  the  King, 
that  ill-advifed    Proteftation    which    was     the  Protefta- 
fruitful  fource  of  fo  much  fubfequent  mifchief,  Bifhops. 
ftatincT  that   fuch    had    been    the    tumults    in 
Weftminfter  for  the   laft    three  days,  and   fo 
obftrudled  and  menaced  had  they  been  in  the 
attempt  to  take  their  feats,*  that  they  did  not 

*  I  have  already  quoted  the  account  of  the  affault  on  the  What  the 
Archbiflinp  given  by  the    fon   of  the    Chief  Juftice   of   the  mobdidto 
Queen's  Bv.'nt  h,  a  great  friend  of  Mr.  Hyde's,  who  faw  Wil-  Arch- 
liams's  gown  torn,  and  was  witnefs  to  all  that  led  to  what  bifhop 
Clarendon   dcfcribes  as  the  irreprefTible    rage,  and   the    ill-  Williams, 
advifed    prottfiition,   of  the  too   fiery    Archbifhop.       Hyde 
himfelf  alio  rel.ites  the  incident  (//(/?.  ii.  1 13),  declaring  in 
his  exaggerated   way   that  Williams's    "robes"  were  **  torn 
"  fromhia  back;"  with  the  addition,  which  his  friend  Bramiton 
carefully  avoids  making,  and  for  which  there  is  no  proof,  that 
the  Bifhop's  *'  perlbn  was  alTaulted."  I  mull  add  the  account  of 
the  fame  difturbances   from    another  eye-witnefs,  Williams's 
quaint  and  admiring  biographer,  Hacket  (Srrinia  Referata,  ed. 
1693,  part  ii.  177-179),  who  attended  Williams  at  the  time,  and 
who,  notwithftandingall  his  fanciful  fuperfluity  of  phrafe,  rather 
confirms  Bramflon   than  Hyde:  "There  had  been  an  unruly  Evidence 
*'  and  obftrepeious  concourfe  of  the  people  in  the  Earl   of  of  Bram- 
'*  Strafford's  cafe;  but   a  fedition   broke  forth  about   Xmas  i^on, 
"  that  was  ten  times  more  mad  ....     The   King  came  to  Hyde,  and 
**  the  Houfe   of  Commons,  to  demand  five  of  their  members  Hacket. 
"  to  juitice,  upon   impeachment  of  treafbn.     His  Majelfy,  it 
"  feems,  was   too   forward  to  threaten  fuch  perfons  with  the 
"  fword  of  juftice,  when  he  wanted  the  buckler  of  fafety  .   .  . 
'*  I  am  fure  the  King  fuffered  extremely  for  their  fakes:  all 
"  feftaries  and  dciperate  varlets  in  city  and  fuburbs  flocked  by 
"  thoufands  to  the  Parliament  ....     Let   the  five  members 
"  be  as    honeft  as    they  would    make   them,   I    am    certain 
"  thefc  were  traitors  that  begirt  the   King's  Houfe  where  his 
"  perlbn   was,  with  hoftility  by  land  and  water  .   .  .     every 
"  day  making   battery  on  all  the  Bifhops  as  they  came   to 
"  Parliament,  forcing  their  coaches  back,  tearing  their  gar- 


90 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 


§  IX.     ^he  Bi/hopsfent  to  the  ^ower. 


9^ 


Hacket's 
Scrinia 
Referata 
dellribed 


Ufelefs 
know- 
ledge. 


They        mean   again   to  fit    or    vote  until  efFedlually 
the  Houie:  fecurcd    by    his    Majefty  from  the  repetition 

*'  ments,  menacing  if  they  came  any  more."     (Given  with  all 
the  intercalated  Quotations  and  illuftrations  of  the  original, 
the  foregoing  paflage  would  have  filled  feveral  pages).     It  is 
now  many  years  fmce  I  called  attention  to  Hacket  s  work,  in 
the  hope  that  it  might  find  fonie  learned  fociety  not  indifpofed 
to  give  a  modern  and  acceflible  form  to  fo  genuine  a  Curiofity 
of   Literature.     It  may  be  doubted  if  the  language  contains 
fuch  another  produft  of  a  bufy,  garrulous,  fertile,  fanciful, 
not  very  ufeful,  but  prodigioufly  ftored   memory  and  brain. 
Every   folio   page  of  it  (and  it  contains  nearly   600  of   the 
clofeil  print)  briftles  with  Greek  and  Latin  quotations,  applied 
with  a  rich  and  ready  refource  that  is  fairly  aftonilhing.     It  is 
nothing  to  fay  that  Seneca  could  not  be  too  heavy  nor  Plautus 
too  light  for  him,  for  he  has  all  the  claflics  from  Homer  down- 
wards at  his  fingers'  ends  j  and  it  is  really  little  fhort  of  appalling 
to  obferve  to  what  a  fmall  practical  ufe  it  is  pofTible   to  turn 
fuch  a  vaft  amount  of  the  kind  of  learning  (fill  prized  in  our 
fchools  and  colleges  as  beyond  every  other   in  importance. 
Witty    conceits   and  well-chofen    poetry  j    admiring  excerpts 
out   of  Chaucer,  Spenfer,  and   Ben  Jonfon  j    metaphors  and 
figures  out  of  all  departments  of  knowledge}  apophthegms  of 
the  (tudy  and  the  field  ;  quips  of  the  nurfery  j  and  the  blackeft- 
lettered  lore  of  the  Fathers  of  the  Church  j  are  heaped  up  in 
extravagant  profufion.  Too  learned  Hacket !    When  he  wrote 
this  book   (he  finilhed  it  in  1657,  though  it  was  not  publifhed 
till  1693),  it  behoved  him  to  keep  wary  watch  over  his  public 
fayings  in  his  Reftory  of  Cheam  ;  and  his  Scrinia  Referata 
was  the  only   efcape  he  had  for  all  that  accumulated  mafs  of 
ufelefs  knowledge.     Cromwell  was  then  ou;  Englifh  Sovereign, 
during  the  *'jetting"  up  and  down,  as  Hacket  phrafesit,  in  all  his  glory, 
Prote<^lo-    and   nobody  had  courage  enough  to   "  Ibike  him  to  the  heart 
*'  and  expire  upon  the  murderer."     Nay,  there  was  one  man 
who  had  what  he  terms  the  incredible  effrontery  to  defend 
and  champion  the  murderer,  and,  ''petty  fchool-boy  fcribbler '* 
as  he  was,  to  engage  in  controverfy  with — "  O  what  a  miracle 
*'  of  judgment  and  learning! — Salmafius  !  "       Yes,  even  with 
the  "matchlefs  Salmafius,  with  the  prince  of  the  learned  men 
*'  of  his  age,"  did  "  fo  bafe  an  adverfary — O  horrid  !  "^-dare 
to  meafure   himfelf,  as  that  "  blackmouth'd  Zoilus  "  Milton! 
'*  Get  thee  behind   me,  Milton,"  exclaims   Hacket,  foaming 
over  at  the  very  mention  of  the  name.     He   is   **  that  ferpent 
"  Milton  :  "  he  is  "  a  Shimei,"   "a  dead  dog,"  **a  canker- 
"  worm  j"  his  fpirit  is  **  venomous  "  and  his  breath  that  of  a 
*'  viper."     This,  to  be  fure,  was  while  Europe  rang  from  fide 
to  fide  with  the   Letter  to   Salmafius^  and  ten  years  before 


Written 


rate. 


Attack  on 
Milton: 


; 


/ 


of  fuch    affronts,     indignities,    and    dangers  :  ^"^  P*"?- 
wherefore  did  they  then    and  therein   proteft  proceed- 
againft  all  laws,  orders,  votes,  refolutions,  and  ^^^f^r*" 
determinations,  as  in  themfelves  null  and  of  abfence. 
no  effedl,   "  which   in  their  abfence,  fince  the 
"  27th  of  this  inftant  month  of  December  1 641 , 
^'  have  already  paffed ;  as  likewife  againft  all 
"  fuch  as  fhall  hereafter  pafs  during  the  time 
"  of  their  forced  and  violent  abfence.'*     The 
defign   of  this  daring  ad:,  and  the  objedl  of 
Archbifhop    Williams,  its    real  author,    have 
been  remarked  upon  by  the  prefent  writer  in  a 


the  publication  of  Paradife  Loji,  which  Hacket  (who  died 
Bifhop  of  Lichfield  and  Coventry)  furvived  three  years  j  but 
it  feems  probable,  by  the  allufion  to  petty  fchoolboy  fcribbling, 
that  he  at  lead  knew  of  the  Minor  and  Jwvenile  Poems, 
though  I  think  it  more  than  probable,  if  he  had  read  them, 
that  even  the  controverfy  with  Salmafius  would  hardly  have 
thrown  him  into  fuch  tranfports  of  unmitigated  abufe.  For 
Hacket  really  appears  to  have  had  fome  judgment  in  poetrj'. 
He  knew  nothing  about  Shakefpeare,  but  neither  did  anybody 
elfe,  though  the  fourgreatelt  works  of  human  genius,  Hamlet, 
Lear,  Macbeth,  and  Othello,  had  all  been  written  within 
the  century,  and  Hacket  had  himfelf  arrived  at  man's  eflate 
before  the  Tempell  was  played,  and  the  wand  of  the  magi- 
cian broken.  Still,  he  carefully  avoids  the  admiration,  then  fo 
common,  of  the  fecond  rate  fantaftical  fchool  j  and  he  declares 
Ben  Jonfon,  whom  he  calls  "our  laureat  poet,"  and  "our 
*'  matter  poet,"  to  be  "the  beft  of  our  poets  of  this  century." 
Chaucer  with  him  is  "noble  Chaucer  j  "  and  little  fhort  of 
the  rapturous  are  his  allufions  to  "our  divine  poet  Mr. 
"  Spenier,"  to  "our  arch  poet  Spenfer,"  to  "our  mofl 
"  laureat  poet  Spenfer,"  to  "  Mr.  Spenfer's  divine  wit,"  and 
to  "Mr.  Spenfer's  moral  poem,"  on  which  he  largely  draws 
for  illuftrations  and  comparilbns.  One  rather  grieves  to  think 
that  even  if  Mr.  B.  Simmons  fhould  happen  to  have  fent 
to  the  good  old  Bifhop  in  1667  the  new  epic  poem  he  had 
publifhed,  he  is  lefs  likely  to  have  read  beyond  the  author's 
name  on  the  title  page  than  to  have  thereupon  inflantly  thrult 
it  aiide  with  another  "  Get  thee  behind  me,  Milton  !  " 


A  fchool- 
boy 
fcribbler! 


Shake- 
fjpeare 
not 
known. 


Praife  of 
Jonfon, 
Chaucer, 
and  Spen- 
fer. 


92 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


Effea  of    former    work.*       Its     immediate    effecfb    was 

thorouffhlv  to  excite  both  Houfes  into  at  once 

difabling    its    abettors    from    fuch    power    of 

further    mifchief  as,  if  the  Proteft  had  been 

admitted,   or  even  pafled  in  mere  filence  and 

contempt,  they  might  thereafter  have  exerted 

fatally.     Carry  fuch  a  proteft  but  into  its  next 

ftage,   and  what    was  known  to  be  the  moft 

Anoppor- cherifhed  hope  of  the   King,   that    he    might 

ckHrld  by  ^^  at>l^  one  day  to  revoke,  on  the  ground  that 

the  King.  Parliament  had  not  been  free,  all  the  popular 

concedions  of  the  paft   momentous  year,  was 

open  to  him  at  any  time  as  not  diftant  or  im- 

pofTible. 

Whatever  the  view  taken  of  the  nature  or 

extent  of  the  tumults,  no  contemporary  wit- 

nefs  has  ventured  to  ftate  that  they  were  fuch 

as  to  provoke  an  ad:  like  this.    The  gatherings 

«  Mobs"  in  the  Hall,  and  at  the  entrance  to  the  Houfe 

days^only.  of  LorJs,  werc  limited   to  the    Monday  and 

Tuefday,  the   27th  and  28th;    and  while  the 

tumults  of  thofe  days  were  at  their  height,  we 

have  evidence  of  what  was   fufFered    by    the 

chief  complainant  himfelf,  the  author  of  the 

Proteftation,  from    the  only  perfon  who  fays 

expreffly    that    what     he    fets    down    he   faw. 

The  Archbifhop  Williams  had  his  gown  torn  as  he 

"1-''^  paffed    into    the     Houfe.      But    beyond    that 

tion given,  i^fuif^  witncfTed  by  Mr.  Bramfton,  there  is  no 

♦  Hlft.  and  Biog.  EJfays,  i.  262,  268  :     ♦'  The  Civil  Wars 
and  Cromwell." 


\ 


§  IX.      The  Bi/fiopsfent  to  the  Tower. 


93 


evidence   of  any  kind  on   record   of  a   fpecial 
hurt  or  injury  received  by  any  of  them.     The  what  the 
utmoft  that  is  alleged  by  the  only  member  of  ^'^^°?.^^ 
the  Epifcopal  party  who  has  himfelf  defcribed  faw  and 
the  occurrences,  is   that   the  rabble   came    by 
thoufands    to    the    Houfe,    filled    the    outer 
rooms,  and   abufed   them  as  they  pafled  in, 
crying.   No   BifJ?ops !    no    Bifhopsl^     On  the 
other  hand  there  feems  to  me  fufficient  tefti- 
mony   that  pains  had    been    taken,   by  mem- 
bers of  their  own  Houfe,  to  put  the  Bifhops 
generally  into  that  fort  of  needlefs  fright  which  Fright 
might  induce  them  readily  to  fall  in  with  fuch  the  Houfe 
a  Proteftation.  One  of  the  moft  famous  among  ^^^*^^f- 
them,   the  pious  and  learned  Hall,  Biftiop  of 
Norwich    and  author  of  the  Satires^   has  in- 
formed   us  t    that    as    they    were    all    fitting 
together  in  the  afternoon  of  the  28th,  it  grew 
to   be    torchlight,    and    Lord  Hertford,  who 
had   lately  received  his   marquifate   and  other 
fpecial  favors  from  the  King,  went  up  to  the 
form  on  which   they  fat,  told  them  they  were 
in  great  danger,  and  advifed  them  to  take  fome 
courfe  for  their  own  fafety.     "  What  is  it  ?  ** 
they  cried.     ''  What  ftiould  we  do  ?  "    Where-  ^^^^  ^j_ 
upon  the  Marquis  (with  difBculty  holding  his  vifmg : 
countenance,   it    may  be    imagined,   while  he 
did   fo)    counfelled   them    to  continue  in  the 
Parliament  Houfe  all  that  night,     ''  Becaufe 

*  Hall's  Works,  i.  xliv. 

f   In  his  Hard  Meafure:  Works,  i.  xlv.  ed.  Oxford,  1837. 


94 

Lord 
Hertford 
alarms  the 
Biftiops : 


Other 
Lords 
fmiling. 


What 
pa  fled 
at  Wil- 
liamss's 
lodgings. 


"  Unfor- 
tunate " 
accident. 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

• 

'^  (faith  he)  thefe  people  vow  they  will  watch 
''  you  at  your  going  out,  and  will  fearch 
^^  every  coach  for  you  with  torches,  fo  as  you 
'^  cannot  efcape."  At  this  fome  of  them  rofe, 
and  earneftly  defired  of  their  Lordfhips  that 
for  the  prefent  (*^for  all  the  danger,'*  inter- 
pofes  the  Bifhop,  "  was  at  the  rifing  of  the 
*'Houfe")  fome  care  might  be  taken  for 
their  fafety.  Then  proceeds  Bifhop  Hall 
very  innocently  :  *^  The  motion  was  received 
* '  byjome  Lords  with  a  smile  :  and  fome  other 
"  Lords,  as  the  Earl  of  Manchefter,  undertook 
**  the  prote6lion  of  the  Archbifhop  of  York 
*^  and  his  company  (whofe  llielter  I  went 
^^  under)  to  their  lodgings."  At  the  fame  time 
the  good  Bifhop  frankly  adds  that  thofe  who 
cared  to  flay  long  enough,  got  fafely  home 
without  help  of  any  kind. 

In  Williams's  lodgings,  doubtlefs,  the  Pro- 
teflation  was  that  night  mooted  ;  and  thither 
next  day,  at  the  invitation  of  Williams,* 
repaired  no  lefs  than  ten  other  right  reverend 
Lords.  '*  Where,"  fays  Clarendon,  *'  imme- 
*'  diately  having  pen  and  ink  ready,"  the 
paper  was  drawn  up,  figned  by  all  prefent,  and 
addrefTed  to  the  King  for  prefentation  to  the 
Lords  ;  and  away  with  it  went  Williams  next 
morning  to  Whitehall.  There,  by  an  accident 
which  Clarendon  calls  '^  unfortunate,'*  not  only 
the  King,  but  his  Lord  Keeper,  at  the  very 

.    *  Clarendon,  HiJ}.  ii.  113J  Bifhop  Hall,  IVorks,  i.  xlvi. 


I 


§  IX.       The  Bijho-psjent  to  the  Tower. 

moment  "  happened  "  to  be  ;  and  Charles  no 
fooner  received  the  Proteft,  than,  "  carting  his 
'^  eye  perfundorily  upon  it/*  he  gave  it  to 
Littleton,  and,  one  hour  later,  the  aflembled 
Lords  were  with  much  amazement  Hftening  to 
it.*  In  this  there  may  have  been  nothing  but 
an  "  accident,"  as  Clarendon  alleges ;  al- 
though, from  the  firft  note  of  alarm  given  by 
Lord  Hertford,  it  looks,  all  of  it,  extremely 
like  a  fettled  and  planned  defign. 

But  the  hands  that  aimed  were  Lfs  ftrong 
than  thofe  that  received  the  blow,  and  the 
recoil  was  inftant  and  fatal.  In  '^  half-an- 
"  hour  *'  j"  from  the  time  when  the  Commons 
were  informed  of  the  outrage  propofed  to  be 
committed  on  the  liberties  of  Parliament,  the 
impeachment  was  fent  up  againft  its  authors. 
Bifhop  Hall  fays  that  though  they  had  figned 
the  Proteft,  they  intended  ftill  to  have  had 
fome  further  confultation  about  it ;  when,  be- 
fore they  had  time  even  to  fuppofe  that  it 
could  have  pafTed  out  of  Williams's  hands, 
they  were  all  kneeling  as  accufed  traitors  at  the 
Bar  of  the  Lords.  Cromwell  had  been  adlive 
in  this  prompt  retribution  ;  and  long  years 
afterwards,  when  addrefting  the  laft  Parliament 
of  his  Protectorate,  he  exulted  in  the  part  he 

*  H'tjl.  ii.  114.  Hall's  account  (lightly  differs  in  ftating 
that  though  they  ail  heard  the  Proteil  read  at  Williams's 
lodgings,  It  was  afterwards  lent  for  their  lignatures  to  their 
own  feveral  places  of  abode. — Works^  i.  xlvi. 

t  HijU  ii.  J 18. 


95 


Charles 
and  his 
Lord- 
Keeper  at 
White- 
hall. 


Accident 
or  defign  ? 


A  fur- 
prile  for 
the 
Bifhops. 


What 

Cromwell 

thought 

of  the 

Protefla- 

tion. 


96 


The 
Birtiops 
charac- 
terized by 
Cromwell. 


General 
feeling-  at 
the  time. 


Cafe 

againft  the 
Biihops. 

Them- 
felves  to 
thank,  tor 
their  un- 

f)opu- 
arity. 

Their 
violence 
and  paf- 
fion,  17th 
June 
1 641. 

A  true 
prediction. 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 

• 

had  fo  taken  againft  men  who  would  needs 
have  it  that  no  laws  made  in  their  abfence 
fhould  be  good,  and  fo,  without  injury  to 
others,  cut  themfelves  ofF!  Men,  purfued 
Cromwell,  in  his  rough  grand  way,  that  were 
truly  of  an  Epifcopal  fpirit  ;  men  indeed  that 
knew  not  God  ;  that  knew  not  how  to  account 
upon  the  works  of  God,  how  to  meafure  them 
out ;  but  would  trouble  nations  for  an  intereft 
that  was  but  mixed  at  the  beft,  iron  and  clay 
like  the  feet  of  Nebuchadnezzar's  image  !  * 

Nor  in  this  did  Prote6lor  Oliver  go  beyond 
what  undoubtedly  had  been  the  feeling  at  the 
time.  So  generally  adverfe  did  opinion  run 
againft  the  ill-advifed  adl,  that  even  Clarendon 
cannot  find  it  in  his  heart  to  fpare  any  expref- 
fion  of  contempt  for  the  fillinefs  and  folly  of  fo 
many  Biftiops,  during  a  ftorm  which  had  carried 

*  This  is  not  the  place  for  any  detailed  ftatement  of  the 
cafe  againll  the  Bilhops,  which  was  a  very  ibong  one  j  or  of 
the  caufes,  which  were  many  and  great,  that  had  led  to  their 
extraordinary  unpopularity  at  this  time.  Suffice  it  to  fay 
that  they  had  themfelves  mainly  to  thank  for  it,  and  that  the 
tumults  of  which  they  now  complained  weie  but  what  their 
own  friends,  arguing  from  the  violence  and  pafTion  dif- 
played  by  them,  had  expelled  and  predicted  in  the  preceding 
fummer.  On  the  17th  June  1641,  Sidney  Bcrc  had  thus  written 
to  Pennington  (MS.  St.  P.  O.) :  **  Fears  &  fufpitions  amongft 
**  us  are  foe  great  that  I  feare  nothing  lelfe  than  that  we  /hall 
"  yett  fall  into  a  confufion,  w'»>  God  forbid.  The  bufmefs  of 
"  tile  Biffiopps  wiibe  of  dangerous  confequence,  they  being 
*'  violent  and  paffionate  in  their  owne  defence,  &  having  in- 
*'  gaged  (as  it  were)  the  Lords  by  their  late  votes  in  their 
"  favo',  to  the  maintenance  of  their  caufe,  whereas  the  Com- 
"  mons  feeme  as  refolute  to  paiTe  the  bill  for  their  uter  extir- 
**  pation,  and  foe  tranfmitt  it  to  the  Lords  according  to  y' 
*'  custome,  tS<:  then  it  may  jullly  be  feared  the  Citty  will 
'*  prove  as  turbulent  as  they  were  on  Strafford's  caufe,'* 


^ 


i 


§  IX,       ^he  Bi/fiops/ent  to  the  'Tower. 

• 

away  card  and  compafs,  and  fent  the  beft  pilot  to 
his  prayers,  feveringfrom the  goodfliipand  truft- 
ing  themfelves  to  fuch  a  cockboat  as  Williams! 
But,  quite  as  ftrongly  as  his  diflike  of  the  mif- 
chievous  Proteftation,  the  danger  and  fcandal 
of  which  he  cannot  pretend  to  conceal,  his 
obje6lion  to  the  punifliment  that  fo  promptly 
followed  it  is  put  prominently  forward ;  and 
he  afFeds  to  think  that  pofterity  will  hold  it 
for  incredible  that  Parliament  fliould  fo  have 
outraged  public  decency,  as  to  affix  to  fuch  an 
offence  as  a  fimple  proteft  a  penalty  fo  out- 
rageoufly  difproportioned  as  that  of  treafon. 
But  as  ufual  this  is  a  grofs  mifreprefentation 
of  the  fadls,  as  well  as  of  the  fentiments  of  the 
time,  even  as  they  are  yet  difcoverable  among 
thofe  leaft  friendly  to  the  two  Houfes  ;  and  the 
entire  untruftworthinefs  of  the  author  of  fuch 
ftatements  is  never  fully  manifeft,  until  we  are 
able  to  place  them  fide  by  fide  with  con- 
temporary notices  of  the  fame  occurrences,  fet 
down  with  no  other  objeA  than  upon  the 
inftant  to  reflec5l  and  convey,  without  conceal- 
ment of  the  paffions  or  bias  of  each  writer, 
the  living  opinions  and  emotions  of  the  hour. 

Captain  Slingft)y  does  not  affed  to  be  any 
great  politician,  but  even  as  he  haftily  wrote  to 
Pennington,  in  the  afternoon  of  the  very  day 
of  this  memorable  incident,  he  makes  its 
gravity  and  danger  very  confpicuous  through 
his  few  confufed  fentences  defcribing  it.  "  This 


97 


Claren- 
don's 
opinion 


as  to 

Impeach- 
ment. 


Contem- 
porary 
accounts. 


Slingfby 
to  Pen- 
nington, 
30th  Dec. 


98 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 


His 


'*  day,'*  he  writes,  *^^  the  Bifhopps  have  made  a 

"  Proteftatlon  againft  the  proceedings  of  this 

*'  Parliament,  declaring  it  no  free  parliament. 

r'^  This  makes  a  great  ftirre  here.   The  favourers 

opinion  or  o 

theProter-  <«  of  them  thinke  it  don  to  foone.  The  other 
^  *°"'  '*  fide  do  feeme  now  to  rejoyce  that  it  is  don, 
'*  having  thereby  excluded  themfelves  from 
*^  it."  *  He  means  that  the  aft  was  at  once 
{^tn  to  exclude  its  authors  from  ever 
refuming  their  feats  in  Parliament,  which,  in- 
deed, was  all  the  Commons  had  in  view  in 
bringing  againft  them  a  charge  of  treafon ;  and 
that  even  thofe  friends  of  the  King  who  were 
favourable  to  fo  bold  an  ailault  on  the  very 
exiftence  of  the  Parliament,  felt  that  it  had 
been  done  prematurely.  In  the  fame  fpirit,  on 
ihe  fame  day,  writes  Under  Secretary  Bere: 
/«  This  day  there  hath   been  great  debatinge 

t^n""'ofh  '*'  ^'"^  y'  '^o^^^^'  ^^"^^  ^^  ^''*'  ^^^  ^  cannot  ftay 
Dec.  "  foe  long  to  heare  the  iflue,  leafte  I  loofe  the 

'*  comodity  of  this  ordinary.  Only  thus  much 
"  is  even  now  brought  for  newes — that  the 
*'  Bifhopps  having  protefted  againft  all  the 
"  A6ls  made  this  Parliament  againft  them, 
Committal  c<  tvvelve  of  them  are  now  committed,  and 
BiAiops.  ''  two  others  fent  for  whereof  York  is  one. 
'^  But  the  particulars  hereof  I  will  not  afleure, 
*^  being  but  even  now  brought  unto  me  ;  but 
«'  fomething  there  is  w'^'  by  my  next  you  fhall 

*    MS.  State  Paper  Office.      Slingfby  to  Pennington,  30th 
Dec. 


Even 
Bifhops' 
friends 
adverle 
to  it. 

Under 
Secretary 
Bere  to 


1 


,: 


§  IX.     The  Bijhopsjent  to  the  Tower. 


99 


'  have  more  particularly:   onlie  thus  much  to''Ourde- 
'  lett  you  fee  into  what  a  deplorable  condition  P^^j^^'^ 
'  we  are  falling.      I  pray  God  blefle  his  Ma^'^  tion." 
'  in  his  royall  perfon  and  councllls,  that  wee 

*  may  once  fee  a  peaceable   and  quiett  time 
'  againe.   I  wifli  you,  S"*,  a  happy  new  yeare, 

*  and  I  pray  God  the  great  tempefts  have  left  Prays  that 
'  you  in  health  and  faftie.^'  *     To  which  may  t'^X 

be  added  the  ftill  ftronger  teftimony  of  a  third  ^^^^  ^^^^ 

r  y       ^  n  •  ,  ,       the  Ad- 

correlpondent,  equally    anxious   to  keep    the  miral  fafe. 
Admiral,  amid  thofe  tempefts  at  fea,  quickly  and 
furely  informed  of  the  worfe  ftorm  raging  on 
the  land.      ''  The  laft  plott  of  the  Biftiopps,*'  ^'■• 
writes    Mr.    Thomas    Smith    to    "  his    very  Smith  to 
"  lovinge  friend,*'  on  the  afternoon  of  the  day  ^*^""*"g- 


'    ton, 

when  the  Proteft  was  made,  ''hath  beene  their  30th  Dec. 
indeavour  to  make  this  Parliam^  no  parlia- 
ment, and  fo  to  overthrowe  all  ac5les  paft,  and 

''  to  caufe  a  difiblution  of  it  for  the  prefent:  w'l^  Endea- 
hath  been  fo  ftrongly  followed  by  ye  Popifli  Bifhops  to 
party,  that  it  was  faine  to  be  putt  to  theT^?"^^^* 

J     ,  ^  the  Long 

vote,  and  the  protefting  lords  carryed  itt  to  Parlia- 
bee  a  free  and  perfecft  Parliamt  as  ever  any  IT^ntaml 
*'  was  before.    This  did  foe  gawle  the  Bifliopps  compel  a 
''that    they  made   their    Proteftacon   ag^  the  tion. 

*  MS.    State    Paper    Office.       Sidney    Bere    to    Admiral  Great 
Pennington,  30th  Dec.  1641.      An   illuftration  occurs  in  the  ftorms 
fame  letter  of  the  violence   of  the  Itorms  then  raging  on  the  raiding  on 
coaft.     "  The   Port   of  Sandwich  tells  me  that  y^  lalt  weelce  the  coaft. 
*'  when   he  came  awaye,  your  boats  could  not  come  aflioare." 
"■  We  heare,"  writes  Sling(by,  in  a  letter  of  an   earlier  date, 
"  of  the  difalter  lately  hapened  to  the   Roebucke  :  and  have 
**  been  veiy  fenfible  of  the  extreame  tempeftuous  weather  you 
**  have  had  fo  long  together." 

H  2 


(( 


(C 


cc 


(C 


(( 


cc 


\ 


lOO 


WilliamB 
compart  d 
to  Achi- 
tophel. 

coinpH- ; 

city  of 
Lords 
Briltol  and 
Digby. 


Real  drift 
of  the 
Protelh 


Prompt 
adion  of 
the  Lords 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members, 

"  freedom  of  y^  vote  and  y*  Parliam*,  and  in 
"  their  Proteftacon  have  inferted  fuch  fpeeches 
*^  as  have  brought  y"'  w'^'in  y^  compafle  of 
"  treafon,  and  thus  the  Counsell  of  Acittaphill 
^^  is  turn'd  into  foolifhnefTe.  The  Earl  of 
*'  Briftoll  and  his  fonne  have  been  cheife 
"  concurrents  with  them,  in  this  and  other 
**  evill  councells,  for  which  they  have  been 
"  impeacht  and  branded  in  y^  Houfe  of 
**  Cor7ions."  * 

The  writer  of  that  letter,  as  already  ftated, 
was  high  in  the  employment  and  confidence  of 
Lord  Northumberland,  and  his  account,  hafty 
and  confufed  as  it  is,  expreffcs  more  accurately 
than  any  other  not  only  the  real  drift  of  the 
Proteft  to  effed  for  the  King  an  '^  overthrow 
'^  of  all  adls  part,*'  and  render  unavoidable  a 
diflblution,  but  the  prompt  proceeding  by 
which,  under  the  lead  of  the  Earl,  a  majority 
in  the  Houfe  of  Lords  at  once  met  and  baffled 
the  intrigue  of  Archbifhop  Williams.  For 
once,  indeed,  as  foon  as  the  firft  divifion  had 
been  taken,  the  Lords  ac5led  quite  as  eagerly 
as  the  Commons,  and  quite  as  eagerly  and 
promptly  as  the  King  in  fending  up  the  Pro- 
teftation.  Within  half  an  hour  after  it  was 
prefented,  it  was  voted  a  breach  of  the  fun- 

♦  MS.  State  Paper  Office.  Mr.  Thomas  Smith,  from  York 
Houfe  (the  Admiralty),  to  **  His  very  loving  Friend  Sir  John 
*'  Pennington,  knt.  Admiral  of  His  Ma""  Fleete  at  Sea  on 
"  Board  His  Ma''"  Ship  the  Lyon  at  the  Downes."  30 
Dec.  1641. 


^  IX.     The  Bijhopsfent  to  the  Tower, 


lOI 


.1 


damental  privileges  and  being  of  Parliaments  ;  A  con- 
upon    the    inftant,   after  conference    between  ^^'^"^^• 
the    Houfes,*    Glyn    was   fent   up  from    the 
Commons  to  impeach  the  Bifhops  for  an  en- 
deavour to  fubvert  the  very  exiftence  of  Parlia- 
ments,  and  therein  the    fundamental  laws  of 
the  realm  ;  and   by  eight  o'clock  that  winter  3 otji  Dec. 
night,  ten  out  of  the  twelve  were  committed  pm.  ten 
to  the  Tower,t  and  the  other  two,  by  reafon  Bi^ops 
or  their  great  age  ("  and  mdeed  or  the  worthy  Tower. 
''  parts  of  one  of  them,  the  learned  Bilhop  of 


•  See  Commons  Journals^  ii.  362,  363. 
f  "  In  all  the  extremity  of  froit,"  fays  Bifhop  Hall  {Works^ 
i.  xlv.),  *' at  eight  o'clock  in  the  dark  evening,  we  were  voted  to 
*'  the  Tower."  And  lillen  to  the  good  indignant  Hacket.  (Scnnia 
Referata^  ii.  1 79)  :  "  Hear  and  admire,  ye  Ages  to  come,  what 
became  of  this  Proteilation,  drawn  up  by  as  many  Bifhops  as 
have  often  made  a  whole  provincial  council.  They  were  all 
called  by  the  temporal  Lords  to  the  bar,  and  from  the  bar 
fent  away  to  the  Tower.  Nonne  fuit  fatius  triftes  formidinis 
iras,  Atque  fuperba  pati  fallidia  ?  A  rude  world  when  it 
was  fafer  to  do  a  wrong  than  to  complain  of  it.  The  people 
**  commit  the  trefpafs,  and  the  fufferers  are  punifh'd  for  their 
*'  fault.  'A*'  fidyfipoi  a/xapToiyoi,  auATjrrjy  Trap'  rjfuv  TvirTCTai, 
*'  Athen.  lib.  9.  A  proverb  agreeing  to  the  drunken  feafts  of 
**  the  Greeks  :  If  the  cook  drefs  the  meat  ill,  the  minllrils 
*'  are  beaten.  That  day  it  broke  forth,  that  the  largelt  part 
**  of  the  Lords  were  fermentated  with  an  anti-epifcopal 
*'  fournefs.  If  they  had  loved  that  order,  they  would  never 
have  doomed  them  to  a  prifon,  and  late  at  night,  in  bitter 
froft  and  fnow,  upon  no  other  charge,  but  that  they 
prefented  their  mind  in  a  moft  humble  paper  to  go  abroad 
in  fafety.  Ubi  amor  condimentum  inerit  quidvis  placiturum 
fpero,  Plaut.  in  Cafm.  Love  hath  a  mod  gentle  hand, 
'*  when  it  comes  to  touch  where  it  loves.  Here  was  no  fign 
*'  of  any  filial  refpe(^  to  their  fpiritual  fathers.  Nothing  was 
*'  ofFer'd  to  the  peers,  but  the  fubllance  was  reafon,  the  ftyle 
*'  lowly,  the  pra6lice  ancient;  yet  upon  their  pleafure,  without 
*'  debate  of  the  caufe,  the  Bifhops  are  pack'd  away  the  fame 
**  night  to  keep  their  Chrillmas  in  durance  and  forrow  :  And 
when  this  was  blown  abroad,  O  how  the  Trunck-men  ot 
*'  the  Uproar  did  fleer,  and  make  merry  with  it !" 


t( 


i( 


(. 


i( 


(t 


i( 


Hacket''s 
Lament 
for  the 
Bifhops. 


i( 


i( 


(( 


No  love 
of  Bifhops 
among 
the  Lords. 


(< 


< 


102 


Laud  and 
Williams 
within  the 
fame  walls 
at  laft. 


The  door 
fhut  on 
perfecuted 
and  per- 
Tecutor. 


Caricature 
of  Wil- 
Hams  as  a 
Decoy 
Duck: 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

*^  Durham/')  to  the   cuftody    of  the    Black 
Rod.* 

And  fo  that  bitter  night  of  froft  and  fnow, 
the  30th  December  1641,  faw  the  two  Arch- 
bifhops,  York  and  Canterbury,  whofe  un- 
feemly  perfonal  conflid:s  had  been  the  fcandal 
of  the  town  for  years,  lodged  at  laft  together 
within  the  fame  prifon  walls.  Heretofore  it 
had  feemcd  ImpofTible  but  that  the  downfal  of 
the  one  muft  involve  the  well-doing  of  the 
other.  During  Laud's  long  afcendancy,  and 
under  his  inceflant  perfecution,  Williams  had 
been  an  inmate  fucceflively  of  the  Gatehoufe, 
the  Fleet,  and  the  Tower ;  nor  could  the  doors 
of  the  grim  ftate  fortrefs  be  faid  to  have  fairly 
opened  for  him  until  they  had  clofed  upon 
Laud  himfelf.  But  now,  after  brief  exulting 
triumph  over  his  ancient  adverfary,  thofe 
gates  are  open  for  him  again  ;  and  into  them 
re-enter  the  Bifhop  of  Lincoln,  elevated 
meanwhile  into  Archbifhop  of  York,  leading 
with  him  nine  other  Right  Reverend  prifoners. 
Who  could  wonder  that  the  wits  made  merry 
at  it  ?  They  devifed  a  picflure,  fays  Dr.  Peter 
Heylin,  in  which  my  Lord  of  York  was  re- 
fembled  to  the  Decoy  Duck  (alluding   to  the 

♦  And  fee  Harleian  M^^.  163,  ff.  4Toa — 414b.  Atafubfe- 
quent  part  of  the  proceedinos  in  the  Impeachment,  according 
to  D'Ewes,  ''  Mr.  H.  Bellafis  moved  that  the  Biftiops  of 
*'  Lichfield  and  Durham  were  at  the  door.  Debate  if  they 
"  fhould  come  within  the  bar,  and  fit  on  chairs  or  ftools  by 
♦*reafon  of  their  great  age  :  but  refolved  that  they  come  in 
"  fingly  and  fpeak  at  the  bar." 


§  IX.     "The  Bi/ho'ps/ent  to  the  Tower, 


JOJ 


i 


Decoys    in    Lincolnfbire  where  he    had    been  A  witty 
bifhop),  reftored  to  liberty  on  defign  that  he^°"*^"^* 
might  bring  more  company  with  him  at  his 
coming  back  :   the  device  reprefenting  the  con- 
ceit, and  that  not  unhappily.   "  Certain  I  am," 
adds    the    ingenious   biographer    of  the    rival 
prelate,   ''that  our  Archbifhop,  in  the  midfl 
''  of  thofe  forrows,  feemed  much  pleafed  with  J;^-oym^nt 
''the  fancy,  whether  out  of  his  great  love  to  thereof : 
"  wit,  or  fome  other  felf-fatisfadlion  which  he 
"  found  therein,  is  beyond  my  knowledge."* 
Poor  old  Laud  I     One  need  not  grudge  him 
that  ray  of  mirth  which  was  probably  the  lafl  J^^J'X 
that    glimmered     feebly    upon    him    between  gleam  of 
Strafford's  fcafFold  and  his  own. 

It  may  well  be  fuppofed  that  D'Ewes,  ardent 
puritan  as  he  was,  underwent  no  great  anguifh 


mirth. 


*  Nor  is  this  the  only  caricature  of  Williams  which  Heylin 
with  infinite  unction  defcribes.  Relating  {Life  of  Laud,  p. 
461)  the  committal  of  the  Bifliops  to  the  Tower,  he  pro- 
ceeds :  **  Our  Archbifhop  had  now  more  neighbours  than  he 
'*  defired,  but  not  more  company  than  before,  it  being 
*'  prudently  ordered  amongft  themfelves,  that  none  of  them 
*♦  fhould  beftow  any  vifits  on  him,  for  fear  of  giving  fome 
**  advantage  to  their  common  enemy  j  as  if  they  had  been 
"  hatching  fome  confpiracy  agalnll  the  publick.  But  they 
"  refrained  not  on  either  fide  from  fending  mefiages  of  love 
"and  confolation  unto  one  another}  thofe  mutual  civilities 
**  being  almoft  every  day  performed  betwixt  the  two  Arch- 
*'  bifiiops  alfo,  though  very  much  differing  both  in  their 
**  counfels  and  affections  in  the  times  foregoing.  The  Arch- 
"  bi(hop  of  York  was  now  fo  much  declined  in  favour,  that 
'*  he  ftood  in  as  bad  termes  with  the  common  people  as  the 
"  other  did  J  and  his  pi6lure  was  cut  in  brafs,  attired  in  his 
•*  cpifcopal  robes,  with  his  fquare  cap  upon  his  head,  and 
"  bandileers  about  his  neck,  fhouldering  a  mufket  upon  one  of 
*'  his  fhoulders  in  one  hand,  and  a  rell  in  the  other." 


The  two 

Arch- 

bifhops 

exchange 

civilities 

in  the 

Tower, 


Carica- 
ture of 
Wil- 
liams as 
Church 
Militant. 


\> 


1 


I04 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members, 


D'Ewes 

fees  the 

Bifhops' 

Bench 

turned 

into 

lumber. 


(C 


cc 


of  mind  at  the  ftroke  which  had  fallen  on  the 
Bifhops.  Looking  in  at  the  Upper  Houfe 
fhortly  after  to  hear  a  fentence  pronounced,  he 
faw  without  any  kind  of  emotion  that  the 
epifcopal  bench  had  been  turned  into  lumber. 
*'  There  was  but  a  thin  Houfe  of  Lords,  and 
on  the  right  fide  thereof  a  great  emptinefs  ; 
the  two  forms  on  which  the  Bifhops  ufed  to 
*'  fit  being  thruft  up  clofe  againft  the  wall."* 
On  a  fubfequent  occafion,  however,  he  gives 
a  reafon  which  founds  rather  oddly  to  us 
now  for  regarding  with  equanimity  the  con- 
tinued incarceration  of  the  prelates.  ''  The 
''  Speaker,"  he  fays  (in  his  Journal  of  ihe  21  ft 
March,  1641-2),  ''  delivered  in  a  petition 
"  from  the  12  Bifl^ops.  I  faid  I  was  glad 
longe"call  '^  ^o  fee  they  had  omitted  their  ftyle  of  Lord 
themieivestc  Bifhop  ;    for  1   heard  from  fome  that  faw 

"  Lord-  ^ 

fhips:"      *'  fome  of  them  in  the  Tower  but  laft  Saturday 

"  calling  to  one  another  by  the  title  of  Lord- 

''  fhip,  whereas  by  the  fundamental  laws  and 

''  ancient  confl:itution   of  the  kingdom,  their 

"  ftyle  is,  'Your  Paternity'  or  '  Fatherhood.' 

"  As  for  enlarging  them,  I  will  fay  nothing, 

and  '«  becaufe  I   think   they  follow  their  fundlion 

keep  them  "  of  preaching   better   than    they   did    before 

where  they  <4  (-j^^y  came  in,  and  are  likewife  lodged  in  a 

**  good  air  :    but  for  Durham  and  Lichfield, 

*'  I  defire  they  may    be   enlarged    for    their 

*'  humble   fubmifilon.      They  are  lodged  in  a 

*  Journal 'i   Harl.  MSS,  163,  f.  459  a. 


Is  glad 


§  X.     Shadows  of  the  Coming  Event. 


105 


*'  clofe   air,    namely,    in    the   houfe    of    Mr.  **  Clofe 
*'  Maxwell,    ufiier    of   the     black    rod,    near  ^h^j.f 
"  Charing  Crofs."*     D'Ewes  can  hardly  have  ^^ofs. 
meant  that  the  air  was  clofe  at  Charing  Crofs, 
but  rather,  we  may  prefume,  that  Mr.  Max- 
well's houfe  afforded,  for  the  clofe  keeping  of 
a  prifoner  of  ftate,  lefs  roomy  and  airy  as  well 
as    much    more    coftly    accommodation,    than 
might   be   found   in    the     buildings    of    the 
Tower,  f 


§  X.   Shadows  of  the  Coming  Event. 

Other   incidents,  more  exciting  even  than 
the  impeachment  of  the  whole  epifcopal  bench,  ^<^"^^  ^^ 
were  meanwhile  helping  to  make  more  memor-  Dec.  30th, 
able  this   laft  day  but  one  of  a  moft  eventful '  ^^' 
year,  and  D'Ewes  enables  us  for  the  firft  time 
to  retrace  them.     ''  The  Conference,"  he  fays, 
*'  being  ended,  we  returned  to  the  Houfe,  moft  Members 

rr  J      1       r     1       •  /.delighted 

''  men  exprellmg  a  great   deal  or  alacrity  or  by  the 
fpirit  for  this  indifcreet  and  unadvifed  ad  of  ^°^^y°^ 


(C 


*  Harleian  MSS.  163,  f.  433  a. 

f   Biftiop  Hall  confirms  this  view,   telling  us   how  much 
fubfequent    reafon    he  had  to  congratulate    himfelf  that  the 
courtefy  of  the  Black.  Rod,  which  at  firft  he  had  much  defired, 
had  not  been  extended  to  himfelf.  "  Only  two  of  our  number  Djfadvan- 
"  had  the  favour  of  the  Black  Rod,  by  reafon  of  their  age  j  ^^       ^^ 
**  which,  though  defired  by  a  noble  Lord  on  my  behalf"  (Hall  ^^  Black 
was    in    hi<i  68th  year)   "  would   not   be  yielded.     Wherein  j^q^j^ 
**  I  acknowledge   and    blefs   the  gracious  providence  of  my 
"  God  :    for  had  I  been  gratified,  I  had  been  undone  both  in 
"  body  and  purie  j  the   rooms   being  ftrait,  and  the  expenfes 
"  beyond  the  reach  of  my  cftate."     IVorksy  i.  xlvi. 


io6 

the 
Biihops. 


Members 
alarmed 
by  a  llig- 
geftion  of 
Pym's. 


Obje<^ion 
made  by 
D'Ewes. 


A  ft  range 
motion 
expe6led : 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members, 

''  the  Bifhops.''  *  It  was  fuch  alacrity  of 
fpirit  as  lighted  up  the  gloomy  features  of 
St.  John  when  he  felt  that  all  muft  be  worfe 
before  it  could  be  better.  But  it  was  quickly 
difpelled  in  the  prefent  cafe  by  the  unufual 
gravity  and  ferioufnefs  with  which  Pym,  after 
report  made  of  the  Conference,  moved  unex- 
pectedly that  the  door  of  the  Houfe  might  be 
fhut,  and  that  none  might  go  out.  Others, 
carrying  further  the  fears  of  their  grave  leader, 
would  have  had  it  ordered  alfo  that  the  out- 
ward room  might  be  cleared,  and  that  none 
might  go  into  the  Committee  Chamber.  But 
at  this  Sir  Simonds  arofe.  *'  Thinking  it,"  he 
fays,  ''too  great  a  reftraint,  upon  any  reafon 
*'  whatever,  I  moved  that  I  did  very  well  allow 
"  that  the  door  fhould  be  fhut,  but  to  reftrain 
''  our  going  into  the  Committee  Chamber 
"  there  was  no  need,  feeing  we  intended  to 
''  clear  the  outward  room,  where  there  would 
''  be  none  left  but  the  officers  and  minifters  of 
"  the  Houfe,  whom  I  conceived  we  might 
"  truft  to.*'  D'Ewes's  fuggeftion  was  admitted 
to  be  reafonable,  and  was  adopted  ;  but  the 
Speaker  made  a  point  at  the  fame  time  of 
defiring  that  nobody  who  went  into  the  faid 
Committee  Chamber  fhould  fpeak  to  anybody 
out  at  the  window,  or  throw  out  unto  them 
any  paper  writing.  "  I  expeded,"  D'Ewes 
adds,  ''  fome  ftrange  motion  upon  this  fecret 

*  Harleian  MSS.  162,  f.  294.  b. 


I 


§  X.     Shadows  of  the  Coming  Event. 

"  fecluding  and  clofe  reftraining  of  ourfelves ; 
'^  and  it  followed  accordingly."* 

What  Pym  proceeded  to  fay  had  fomething 
in  it  beyond  that  mere  general  fenfe  of  danger, 
which,  from  his  knowledge  of  the  King's 
charader,  he  muft  have  known  to  be  incident 
to  his  own  refufal  of  the  offisr  that  had  been 
fo  recently  made  to  him.  His  remarks,  as  briefly 
reported  by  D'Ewes,  can  hardly  fail  to  be  re- 
garded as  evidence  of  fome  knowledge,  on  his 
part,  of  the  attempt  fo  foon  to  be  made.  He  is 
miftaken  as  to  time,  the  danger  being  lefs 
immediate  ;  he  underftates  it  as  to  perfons,  the 
peril  ftretching  to  the  Houfe  generally  through 
individuals  firft  to  be  affailed  ;  but  in  defiring 
to  obtain  from  the  majority  a  prompt  and 
decifive  adlion  upon  their  claim  to  a  fufficient 
Guard  or  Protedlion  to  be  chofen  by  themfelves, 
which  was  ftill  in  difpute  with  the  King,  he 
had,  while  neceflarily  perhaps  leaving  un- 
revealed  the  entire  extent  of  the  danger  known 
to  him,  with  great  fagacity  at  once  addreffed 
himfelf  to  the  remedy  that  alone  could  fully 
meet  the  danger,  whatever  it  might  be.  His 
objed  was  to  induce  the  Houfe  to  invite  a 
Guard  of  Citizens  to  their  protedion  without 
another  day's  delay  ;  but  he  fpoke  evidently 
under  fome  reftraint,  and  the  reception  given 
to  what  he  faid  would  feem  to  indicate  that  he 
had  taken  but  few  into  his  confidence  as  to 

♦  Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  295  a. 


107 

which  fol- 
lows ac- 
cordingly. 


Pym's 
fpeech. 


reme- 


The 
dy  for 
danger. 


NecefTity 
for  an  im- 
mediate 
Guard. 


io8 


The 
whole 
truth  not 
told. 


Report  of 
Pym's 
Speech  by 
D'Ewes. 


A  defign 
to  be 
executed  : 

A  plot 
for  de- 
Itroylng 
the  Houfe 
of  Com- 
mons. 


Adjourn- 
ment to 
Guildhall 
propofed. 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members, 

the  particulars  which  rendered  him  fo  urgent. 
Altogether,  indeed,  it  is  evident  enough  that, 
through  the  interval  which  had  yet  to  pafs 
before  the  King's  attempt  was  made,  Pym  was 
driven  to  concealments  and  half-confidences 
which  circumftances  rendered  unavoidable  ; 
and  there  is  little  reafon  to  doubt  that  from 
thofe  who  had  fecretly  opened  with  him  the 
negotiations  for  that  acceptance  of  office  which 
would  have  been  his  ruin,  he  had  derived, 
under  the  fame  feal  of  fecrecy,  knowledge 
which  proved  direcflly  inftrumental  to  his  fafety 
and  that  of  his  friends. 

The  precife  words  of  D'Ewes  are  thefe: 
''  Mr.  Pym  moved  that  there  being  a  defign 
*'  to  be  executed  this  day  upon  the  Houfe  of 
**  Commons,  we  might  fend  inftantly  to  the  city 
''  of  London.  That  there  was  a  plot  for  the 
*'  deftroying  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons  this 
''  day.  That  we  fhould  therefore  defire  them 
**  to  come  down  with  the  Train  Bands  for  our 
''  alfiftance."  At  which  D'Ewes  confefTes  he 
was  very  much  troubled,  becaufe  he  feared  that 
the  remedy  propofed  would  be  as  dangerous 
as  the  pretended  defign.  **Some  few,"  he  adds, 
*'  feconded  Mr.  Pym's  motion,  but  more  op- 
*'  pofed  it;  and  fome  wiihed  that  we  might 
''  adjourn  ourfelves  to  Guildhall."  D'Ewes 
fpoke  on  that  queftion,  remarking,  in  oppo- 
fition  to  Pym,  that  if  all  the  grounds  of 
fufpicion  were  that  fome   officers  of  the  late 


§  X.     Shadows  of  the  Coming  Event, 


109 


army  had  been  caroufing  at  Whitehall  the  pre- 
vious day,  or  that  the  King  had  drawn  together 
a  Guard,  he  did  not  think  thefe  fufficient  to  D'Ewes 
juftify  departure  to  the  city.     He  added  a  fug-  departure 
geftion  oddly  charaderiftic  of  himfelf,  that  if  to  City. 
Mr.    Pym  had  more  certain  grounds  for  the 
caufes  of  fear  alleged,  he   knew   of  no  fuch 
prefent    preventive     than     that     "  we    fhould 
*^  adjourn    ourfelves    till    three  of  the  clock, 
"  that  fo  we  may  not  be  taken  altogether."*  "Let us 
As  for  the  proceeding  into  the  city,  he  quoted  "^Icen 
a  faying  of  the  Recorder,  that  the  citizens  are  together." 
not  all  the  fons  of  one  mother,  nor  of  one 
mind ;   and    it  was  not  well  that  the   Houfe 
fliould  place  abfolute  faith  even    in  London 
citizens.     The  words  which  clofed  his  fpeech 
are  all  of  it  that  he  has  further  left  on  record. 
He  wifhed  to  learn  what  the   defign  was  to  The 
which  Mr.  Pym  had  alluded,  and  whether  it  neaf  or 
were  near  or  diftant.  diftant? 

Pym  made  no  reply  to  this  appeal,  and  the 
refult  of  the  day's  debate  is  not  known.  But 
it  is  probable,  from  what  occurred  next  day, 
that  the  middle  courfe  was  adopted  of  a  renewed 
appeal  to  the  King. 

On  Friday  the  3  ift  December,  Denzil  Hollis  Friday, 
delivered  verbally  to  Charles  the  Firft,  in  the  16^1, 
name  of   the    Commons    of    England,    their 
earneft  defire  for  a  Guard   out  of   the   City  ^        . 

'    Demand 

under  command  of  the  Earl  of  EfTex.     The  for  Guard 


*  Harleian  MSS,  162,  f  295  b. 


no 

under 
Lord 

Elfex : 


No  reply. 


Halberts 
mean- 
while 
provided. 


Com- 
mittee to 
receive 
reply. 


Saturday 
i(t  Jan. 
1 64 1  —  2. 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

King,  whofe  objed:  now  was  to  gain  time 
however  brief,  declined  to  receive  this  verbal 
meflage,  and  required  it  in  writing.  It  was 
immediately  drawn  up  and  prefented  the  fame 
day;  and  we  learn  that  the  Commons,  receiving 
no  immediate  anfwer,  committed  it  to  three  of 
their  members,  Pye,  Glynn,  and  Wheeler, 
juftices  of  peace  for  Weflminfter,  to  fet,  in  con- 
venient places  for  the  fafeguard  of  the  Houfe, 
good  watches  fufficiently  armed.  They  further 
ordered  that  Halberts  fhould  be  provided,  and 
brought  into  the  Houfe,  for  their  own  better 
fecurity  ;  which  was  done  accordingly  to  the 
number  of  twenty,  '^and  the  faid  Halberts 
'^  flood  in  the  Houfe  for  a  confiderable  time 
^'  afterwards."  Reludlantly  was  confent  then 
given*  to  adjournment  over  even  the  old  re- 
cognifed  holiday  of  New  Year's  Day,  and  not 
without  the  naming  of  a  Committee  to  receive 
the  King's  anfwer  if  it  fhould  meanwhile  be 
vouchfafed. 

That  anfwer,  however,  the  King  had  refolved 
to  accompany  by  another  document  that 
IhouLi  be  the  moft  charaderiflic  comment  it 
was  capable  of  receiving,  and  both  were 
withheld  until  the  morning  of  the  following 
Monday.  For  the  intervening  Saturday  he 
had  other  engagements.f     On   that  day,  the 


*  After  a  remarkable  speech  by  Pym  at  conference  with 
the  Lords:    see  Pari  Hijl.  Ed.  1762,  x.  151-5. 
Dates  of         f  The   Council   KegiUer  fupplies    important   dates.       On 
the  ift  January  1 641-2,  the  fubjoined  entry  appears. 


§  X.     Shadows  of  the  Coming  Event, 


III 


firfl  of  the  ill-omened  year  when  his  flandard 
was  finally  unfurled  againfl  the  mofl  earneft 
and  confcientious  of  his  fubjeds,  he  fat  with 
his  minifters  in  Whitehall  ;  and,  the  great 
Leader  of  the  Long  Parliament  having  refu fed 
his  proffered  bribe,  thofe  two  members  of  the 
Long  Parliament  who  at  its  opening  had  with 
the  greateft  vehemence  denounced  the  crimes 
of  his  mifgovernment  took  places  at  the 
Board.  Lord  Falkland  was  fworn  of  his 
Majefty's  mofl  honorable  Privy  Council,  and 
feven  days  later  received  the  feals  of  a  Secretary 
of  State ;  and  Sir  John  Culpeper  having 
been  alfo  duly  fworn,  order  was  given  for 
preparation  of  his  patent  as  Chancellor  of  the 
Exchequer.  It  was  made  out  '^  for  life  :  " 
the  King  vainly  hoping  by  fuch  unconflitutional 
expedients  to  bar  the  power  of  the  Commons 
to  efFecfl  a  removal  of  his  Councillors.  Whether 
or  not  Culpeper  and  Falkland  had  cognizance 
of  the  firfl  official  ad  that  was  to  follow  their 


A  Coun- 
cil at 
White- 
hall. 


Falkland 
and  Cul- 
peper 
Iworn  into 
their 
offices. 


Confe- 

quences 

and 

refponfi- 

bilities 


"  This  day  Lucius  Vifcount  Falkland  was  fworne  of  his 
**  Ma*'  Moft  Hon''''^  Privy  Counfell,  by  his  Ma'*  Command 
"  fitting  in  Counfell,  tooke  his  place  and  figned  with  the 
*'  other  Lords." 

A  fimilar  entry  of  the  fame  date  has  relation  to  Culpeper, 
and  order  is  given  for  his  admifllon  "  into  the  place  of  his 
*'  Ma'*  Under  Treafurer  and  Chancellor  of  his  Excheq' : " 
but  the  patent  fecuring  him  the  office  for  life  (he  held  it  for 
little  more  than  a  year,  it  being  then  given  to  Hyde)  is  not 
dated  until  the  6th  of  January.  Two  days  later  we  have  the 
following  entry: 

"  This  day,  his  Ma*'*  prefent  in  Counfell,  and  by  his  Royall 
'*  Command,  the  Lord  Vifc'  Falkland  was  fworne  one  of  his 
**  Ma"  Principall  Secretaries  of  State." 


new 

appoint- 
ments. 

Culpeper 
Chancel- 
lor of  Ex- 
chequer. 


Falkland 
Secretary 
of  State. 


112 

incident 
to  Office 
at  fuch  a 
time. 


r 


Monday 
3rd  Jan. 
164.1-2. 

Kind's 
meflage  to 
Commons 
refufing 
Guard. 


Attorney- 
General 
delivers 
impeach- 
ment to 
the  Lords. 


Intro- 
duced by 
Lord- 
Keeper 
Littleton. 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 

acceptance  of  office,  it  cannot  be  doubted  that 
they  accepted  it  at  too  critical  a  time,  and  amid 
public  excitements  and  difTenfions  of  too  high 
and  dangerous  a  nature,  not  to  imply  alfo  a 
deliberate  and  fettled  acceptance  of  all  the  con- 
fequences  it  might  carry  with  it. 

%  XI.     The  Impeachment  before  the 

Lords. 

The  day  had  at  length  arrived  when  the 
danger  fo  long  believed  to  be  impending 
was  to  take  definite  fhape.  Early  in  the 
morning  of  Monday  the  3rd  of  January, 
while  the  Lower  Houfe  were  moodily  liftening 
to  the  King's  meflage  refufing  them  the 
military  Guard  they  had  aflced  for  under 
Eflexs  command,  but  promifing,  with  what 
mufl:  have  founded  as  contemptuous  irony, 
to  be  himfelf  their  protestor,  Mr.  Attorney- 
General  Herbert,  who  was  no  longer  a  member 
of  the  Commons  but  had  taken  his  feat  with 
the  Lords  under  his  writ  of  fummons  as 
Aflifliant,  was  delivering  at  the  clerk's  table 
of  the  Upper  Houfe  the  fubfliance  of  another 
Royal  Mefiage,  accufing  of  high  treafon  five 
members  of  the  Commons  and  one  of  the 
Lords.  Every  circumftance  of  mere  form 
was  obferved  in  the  accufation ;  and  Mr. 
Attorney  had  not  left  his  feat  on  the  Judges' 
woolfack  until  Lord-Keeper  Littleton,  as  the 
mouthpiece  of  the  King,  had  duly  referred  to 


§  XI.      "The  Impeachment  before  the  Lords. 

the  public  bufinefs  which  his  officer  was  there 
to  difcharge.  It  is  not  unimportant  to  obferve 
this,  feeing  that  both  thefe  dignitaries  of  State 
fought  afterwards  to  put  off  from  themfelves 
upon  the  Sovereign  the  refponfibility  which  the 
ac5t  had  made  their  own. 

The    articles    of    treafon    were    kwtn    in 
number,  and  were  read  from  a  paper  which 
Sir  Edward  Herbert  afterwards,  in  defending 
himfelf,  faid  that  he  had  received  diredtly  from 
the  King.     Whether  the  formal  and  ftridly 
legal  wording  and  expreffion  of  the    articles 
had  been  received  alfo  diredly  from  the  King, 
he  omitted  to  fay.     The  firft  article  charged 
the  accufed  generally  with  the  attempt  to  fub- 
vert  the  Government  and  fundamental  laws, 
and  to  place  in  fubjefts  an  arbitrary  and  tyran- 
nical power.     The  fecond,  aimed  againfl:  their 
authorfhip  of  the  Remonftrance,  attributed  to 
them  the  traitorous  endeavour,  by  many  foul 
afperfions  upon  his  Majefty  and  his  Govern- 
ment, to  alienate  the  affedions  of  the  people, 
and  to  make   his    Majefty  odious   to    them. 
The    third   charged    them   with    having    en- 
deavoured to  draw  the  King's  late  army  to 
fide    with  them   in   their   traitorous   defigns. 
The  fourth,  direc5led  againft  alleged  communi- 
cations with  the  Scottifii  Rebels,  imputed   to 
them  the  traitorous  invitation  and  encourage- 
ment to  a  foreign  power  to  invade  his  Majefty's 
kingdom  of  England.     The  fifth,   adopting 


113 


The  Seven 
Articles  of 
Trealbn. 


I. 

General 
charge. 


11. 

Author- 
fhip of 
Remon- 
ftrance. 


111. 
Tamper- 
ing with 
the  army, 

iv. 

Invita- 
tions 
to  the 
Scotch. 


J 14 


V, 

Punifh- 
ment  of 
Proteft- 
ing  Mi. 
nority. 


VI. 

Ralfing 
tumults. 


Vll. 

Levying 
war. 


MS. 

Articlesof 

Treafon  in 

State 

Paper 

Office. 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 

the  language  of  the  Minority  of  the  Commons 
when  the  demand  to  record  a  proteft  againft 
the  pafling  of  the  Remonftrance  was  refufed, 
accufed  them  of  having  traitoroufly  en- 
deavoured to  fubvert  the  rights  and  very 
being  of  parliaments.  The  fixth  accufed  them 
of  having  aftually  raifed  and  countenanced  tu- 
mults againft  his  Majefty.  And  by  the  feventh, 
having  reference  to  the  armed  Guard  which 
they  had  perfifted  in  voting  for  protedion  of 
the  Houfe,  they  were  faid  to  have  traitoroufly 
confpired  to  levy,  and  adually  to  have  levied, 
war  againft  the  King.  A  manufcript  copy 
of  the  charge,  endorfed  in  the  handwriting  of 
Secretary  Nicholas  as  '^  articles  of  treafon 
"'  againft  Mr.  Pym  and  the  reft/'  exifts  in 
the  State  Paper  Office,  and  is  printed  below.* 

•  "  Articles  of  High  Treafon  and  other  high  mifdemeanors 
"  ag*the  Lord  Kcmolton,  Mr.  John  Pym,  Mr.  John  Hampden, 
<*  Mr.  Denzil  HoUis,  Sir  Arth'  Haflericke,  and  Mr.  Will"" 
<*  Strode. 

*'  I.  That  they  have  traytoroufly  endeav''^  to  fubvert  the  funda- 
mentall  Lawes  and  Gov"'  of  the  Kingdome  oi  England, 
to  deprive  y^  king  of  his  royale  power,  &  to  place 
in  fubjefts  an  arbitrary  &  tyrannicail  power  over  the 
lives,  libertyes,  &  ellates  of  his  Maj*'  lovinge  people. 

**  2.  That  they  have  traytoroufly  endeav"^  by  many  fovvle  afper- 
fions  upon  his  Ma*'^  &  his  Govern',  to  alienate  the 
afFe6lions  of  his  people,  &  to  make  his  Ma»'"^  odious  unto 
them. 

**  3.  That  they  have  endeav**  to  drawe  his  Ma'»  late  armye  to 
difobedience  to  his  Ma''*"'  coniands,  &  to  fyde  with 
them  in  their  traytorous  defignes. 

That  they  have  traytoroufly  invited  and  incouraged  a 
forreigne  power  to  invade  his  Ma*'"  kingdome  of 
England. 

That  they  have  traytoroufly  endeav**  to  fubvert  the  rights 
&  very  being  of  Parlam". 


(( 


<( 


i 


% 


%  xr.     The  Impeachment  before  the  Lords.  1 1 5 

While  the  articles  were  publicly  read,  the  Agitation 
trouble  and   agitation  were  extreme.      Their  ^"""""^  ^^* 
Lordftiips,  to  ufe  the  exprefllon  of  Clarendon, 
were  "  appalled. ''    He  is  hardly  juftified,  how- 
ever, when  he  fomewhat  fpitefully  adds  that 
they  took  time  till  the  next  day  to  confider  of 
it,  that  they  might  fee  how   their  Mafters  the  imme- 
Commons  would  behave  themfelves.     Waiving  "^'^.^^ 
altogether  the  King's  requirement  through  his  takeT. 
Attorney-General  for  immediate  pofleffion  of 
the  perfons  of  the  accufed,  and  for  a  committee 
to  take  evidence  on  the  charges,  the  Lords  at 
once  raifed  the  queftion  of  the  regularity  of  the 
accufation    itfelf,  and   referred  it  to  a  certain  King's 
number  of  their   members  to  produce  prece-  ^^J^^^nd 
dents  and  records.     They  fent  an  immediate  '^  "  ""  * 
meflage  to  the  other  Houfe  and  named  mem- 
bers for  a  Conference.     On  the  previous  day, 
as  on  a  day  preceding,  they  had  declined  the 
urgent  inftance  of  the  Commons  to  join  with 
them  in  demanding  a  Guard  under  an  officer  of 
their  own   feledion ;    but  now  they  intimated  Agree- 
their  readinefs  to  join  in  that  demand.*  ""^"^  ^' 

"  6.  That  for  the  compleating  of  their  traytorous  defigns,  they 
have  endeav**  as  farr  as  in  them  lay  by  force  &  terror  to 
compell  the  Parlam'  to  joyne  with  them  in  theire  tray- 
torous  Defigns,   and  to  that  end  have  aftually  rayfed  & 
countenanced  tumults  ag'  y«  King  and  Parlam'. 
**  7.  That  they  have  traytoroufly  conlpired  to  levie  &  a6lually 
have  levyed  warr  ag'  the  King.'* 
*  The  petition  of   both   Houfes  was  tranfmitted   on   the 
evenmg  of  the  3rd,  but  the  reply,  fufpended  by  the  exciting 
events  which  immediately  followed,  was  not  handed  in  until 
after  the  King  had   left  London   never  to  return,   and    the 
Houfes  had  provided  their  own  Guards.      — 


th 
Commons. 


The  original  MS. 

I  2 


ii6 


Lord 
Kimbol- 
ton  repels 
the 
charge. 


Lord 
Digby 
fiknt : 


\ 


Charles's 
anlWer  to 
petition 
for  Guard. 


Not  Lord 
EflTex,  but 
Lord 
Lindsay  : 


The  moft 
devoted  of 
Royal 
partizai.s. 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members, 

The  feeling  difplayed  was  altogether  fuch, 
indeed,  that  though  the  peer  included  in  the 
articles  of  impeachment,  Lord  Kimbolton, 
was  not  only  prefent,  but  upon  the  inftant 
arofe,  repelled  the  charge,  and  challenged 
public  enquiry  into  it,  no  one  was  fo  hardy 
as  to  prefs  for  his  commitment.  The  perfon 
fitting  next  to  Kimbolton  while  the  Attorney- 
General  read  the  articles,  was  Lord  Digby, 
who  alone,  according  to  Clarendon,  knew  of 
the  King's  intention,  and  had  promifed  to 
move  the  commitment  (after  the  precedent  in 
the  cafe  of  Strafford)  as  foon  as  the  accufation 


of  this  reply  ftill  exifts  in  the  State  Paper  Office,  dated 
the  3rd,  and  wholly  in  the  handwriting  of  the  King.  It  fliows 
what  his  determination  had  been  to  fight  out  the  matter  to 
the  laft,  and  the  fecret  reliance  he  ftill  placed,  notwithltanding 
the  Citizen  aflcmblages  and  tumults  at  Weftminfter,  on  the 
power  of  the  Lord  Mayor  within  the  City  to  promote  and 
fupport  his  fervice.  It  is  endorfed  "  Anlwer  for  a  Guard," 
and  runs  thus  : 

'*  We  having  confidered  the  Petition  of  bothe  houfes  of 
'*  Parlament  concerning  a  Guard,  doe  give  this  anfwer  j  that 
"  we  will  (to  fecure  there  feares)  comand  the  L.  Mayor  of 
**  London  to  apoint  200  men  out  of  the  Trained  Bands  of  the 
**  Citie  (fuch  as  he  will  be  anfwerable  for  to  us)  to  wait  on 
'*  the  Houfes  of  Par:  that  is  to  fay,  a  Hundred  on  each 
*'  Houfe,  &  to  bee  coinandetl  by  the  E:  of  Lindfay  :  it  being 
"  moft  proper  to  him,  as  being  L:  Great  Chamberlainej  who 
'*  by  his  place  hath  a  particular  charg:  of  y*  Houfes  of 
**  Parliam*,  and  of  whofe  integritie,  courage,  &  fufficiencie, 
**  none  can  dout." 

The  amount  of  fmcerity  involved  in  this  propofal  may  be 
meafured  by  the  fad,  that  the  Hereditary  Great  Chamberlain, 
being  its  author's  moft  devoted  adherent,  was  the  man  who 
within  two  or  three  weeks  after  figning  the  celebrated  Belief  that 
Charles  had  no  intention  to  declare  war  againft  his  fubje<^s, 
actually  took  command  of  the  troops  levied  for  that  purpofe, 
and  immediately  after  fell  bravely  nghting  for  his  mafter  as 
Commander-in-chief  of  the  Royalift  forces  at  Edgehill, 


§  XI.     T!he  Impeachment  before  the  Lords. 

fhould   be  made.*     Whether  the  warning  fent 
this  day  by  Marflonf  had  already  reached  Lord 
Kimbolton,  we  have  no  means  of  knowing ; 
but  it  feems  probable  that  it  had,  and  that  his 
prepared  and  refolute  afped  took  Digby  by  fur- 
prife.      It    is  quite    clear,   from  a  fubfequent 
pafTage  in  Clarendon's  Hiflory,  that  the  author 
believed  his  friend   to   have  failed   either  in 
courage  or  good  faith.  J     Not  to  have  moved 
at  once  the  commitment  "  as  foon  as  the  At- 
"  torney-General  had  accufed  Kimbolton,"  he 
made  a  diflind  charge  againfl  Digby,  on  the 
ground  that  if  he  had  done  fo,  he  would  pro- 
bably "  have  raifed  a  very  hot  difpute  in  the 
^^  Houfe,  where  many  would  have  joined  with 
"  him."     I  do  not  think  it  unjuft  to  Lord 
Clarendon  to  fay,  that  we  may  infer  from  this 
palTage  what  his  own  feeling  was.  Yet  between 
the  proceeding   by  Attorney,  and  the  King's 
perfonal   interference,   the  difference  was    not 
very  great. 

For  the  moment,  there  is  little  doubt,  even 
Digby's  recklefs  audacity  would  appear  to  have 
failed  him.  Seeing  the  temper  of  the  Houfe, 
he  not  only  fat  filent,  but  affeded  the  utmofl 
furprife  and  perplexity  as  Mr.  Attorney  pro- 
ceeded ;  and  at  the  clofe,  whifpering  in  Lord 
Kimbolton's  ear  with  great  feeming  agitation 
that  the  King  was  very  mifchievoufly  advifed. 


117 


Failure  in 
courage 
or  good 
faith  : 


Claren- 
don's 
charge 
againft 
him. 


Digby 
affe6ls 
furprife : 


*  Clarendon,  Hift,  il.  125. 
I  Hiji.  ii.  128, 


f  See  ante,  86-88. 


' 


ii8 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


D'Ewes 
in  the 
Lower 
Houfe. 


and  fud-    that  it  fhould  go  hard  but  he  would  difcover 
the  Houff  '^'^  advifer,   and  that  he  would  at  once  go  to 

him  to   prevent   further  mifchief,  he   rapidly 

quitted  the  Houfe.* 

•  §  XII.     The    Impeachment    before    the 

Commons. 

D'Ewes  meanwhile  was  bufy  in  the  Lower 
Houfe  with  his  pen  and  ink,  in  his  ufual  place 
by  the  Speaker's  chair,  "  on  the  lowermoft 
"  form  clofe  by  the  fouth  end  of  the  clerk's 
'^  table  ;  "  but  his  pen  moved  lefs  regularly 
than  was  its  wont,  and  there  is  fcarcely  a  fingle 
fentence  in  this  particular  day's  entry  that  is 
not  left  half-fini(hed.  As  he  entered  the 
Houfe  he  had  obferved  groups  and  crowds  of 
officers  and  others  fcattered  about  here  and 
there,  in  the  lobbies  and  outfide  paflages,  in  a 
manner  not  ufual ;  but  he  took  his  feat  with- 
out fufpicion  of  what  was  paffing  in  the  Lords, 
and  found  Pym  fpeaking  to  the  Anfwer  made 
by  his  Majefty  to  the  defire  of  the  Houfe  for 
a  Guard  of  their  own  choofing,  and  making  re- 
port as  to  thofe  very  incidents,  of  a  threatening 
and  unufual  kind,  which  had  attrac5led  his  own 
attention  outfide.  Soon  the  agitation  prevail- 
ing communicated  itfelf  to  the  learned  member 
for  Sudbury,  and  we  can  but  follow  in  un- 
finifhed  and  fomewhat  incoherent  lines  the 
courfe  of   the  fpeech,  at    the  clofe  of  which 

*  Clarendon,  Hijl,  ii.  p.  128. 


Pym 
fpeakin 
to  the 
King's 
refulal  of 
a  Guard. 


D'Ewes's 

hurried 
and  un- 
finifhed 
reports. 


<\ 


§  XII.      'The  Impeachment  before  the  Commons.  1 19 


Pym  moved  and  carried  a  fuggeftion  by  way  of 
requeft  to  the  authorities  of  the  City,  that  they 
would  permit  companies  of  trained  bands  to 
attend  as  a  Guard  upon  the  Houfes  at  Weft- 
minfter,  and  that  they  would  fet  ftrong  defences 
and  watches  about  the  City  ftreets  and  walls. 

One  or  two  of  the  fentences  ftill  traceable  in 
D'Ewes's  note-book  may  fhow  the  tone  Pym 
fpoke  in.     '^  The  Great  Counfel  of  the  King- 
^  dom  fhould  fit  as  a  free  Counfel  .  .  .  No 
^  force  about  them  without  confent  .  .  .  Not 
^  only  a  Guard  of  foldiers  but  many  Officers 
'  in    Whitehall  .    .    .   Divers    defperate    and 
^  loofe  perfons  are  lifted  and  combined  together 
'  under   pretext  to]  do   his   Majefty  fervice. 
"...  One  Mr.  Buckle  had  faid  the  Earl  of 
'  StraffiDrd's  death  muft  be  avenged,  and  the 
^  houfe  of  Commons  were  a  company  of  giddy- 
^  brained  fellows."  After  Pym  ceafed,  Natha- 
niel  Fiennes    brought    forward,    by  way    of 
report,  fome  other  fa6ls  exhibiting  the  difloyal 
condud  of  the  Digbys  to  the  Houfe ;  but  his 
relation  was  brought  fuddenly  to  a  clofe.     Pym 
and  Denzil  Hollis  were  called  to  the  door  upon 
urgent  meiTages  by  their  fervants,and  members, 
in  much  excitement,  began  talking  to  each  other 
at  the  fame  moment  of  what  was  paffing  in  the 
Lords.     Then  Pym  returned  to  his  place,  and 
Nathaniel  Fiennes  clofed  his  report. 

"  Mr.  Fiennes's  relation  was  fcarce  made," 
fays  D'Ewes,  ^^  when  the  whole  Houfe,  at  leafl 


Suggef- 
tion  for 
a  City 
Guard. 


Frag- 
ments of 
Pym's 
fpeech. 


Pym  and 
Hollis 
informed 
of  outrage 
at  their 
homes  : 


I20 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


§  XII.     The  Impeachment  before  the  Commons.         121 


Theirs 
and 
Hamp- 
den's 
papers 
feized  by 
King's 
warrant : 


"  the   moji   of  us,   were    much  amazed  with 
"  Mr.  Pym*s  information,  who  fhowed  that 
"  his  trunks,  fludy,  and    chamber,   and  alfo 
''  thofe  of  Mr.  Denzil  Hollis,  and  Mr.  Hamp- 
'^  den,    were    fealed   up    by    fome  fent    from 
,  *^  his  Majefty.''     This   the  Houfe  proceeded 
to  declare  a  grave  breach  of  privilege  ;   and  it 
was  further  ordered,  without  debate,  and  with 
wife    and  well-timed  reference  to  the  folemn 
Declared    Proteftation  which  every  member  had  figned 
privilege.   ^^  ^^^  ^^^  ^f  Strafford's  execution  in  behalf  of 
the  rights  of  Parliament,   that  if  any  perfon 
whatfoever,  without  firft  acquainting  the  Houfe 
therewith  and  receiving  from  it  due  and  necef- 
fary  inftrudion,  fhould  offer  to  arreft  or  detain 
the  perfon  of  any  member,  it  was  lawful  for 
fuch  member  to  fland  upon  his  guard  of  de- 
fence, and  to  make  refiftance  according  to  the 
Proteftation  taken  to  defend  the  privileges  of 
Refiftance  Parliament.     D'Ewes  adds,  that  '^  though  pri- 

juftified.         re  ^       •      ^'  .•  '  11 

*^  vate  mtimation  was  now  given  to  us  that  the 
'^  King's  Attorney  had  in  his  Majefty's  name 
^^  in  the  Lords'  Houfe  accufed  the  faid  mem- 
"  bers,  and  fome  others  of  our  Houfe  of  high 
^^  treafon,  yet  we  accounted  it  a  breach  of 
*^  privilege  that  their  papers,  &c.   fhould  be 

Refolution  *^  fealed  up  before  their  crime  was  made  known 

S'of  "to  this  Houfe.-;* 

private  A  breach  of  privilege  had  indeed  been  com- 

mitted.    Fifty  voices  arofe  with  that  of  the 

*  Harleian  MSS.y  162,  fF.  300  b,  302  a. 


{ 


*!«- 


papers. 


learned    mafter    of    precedents    at    once    to  Violation 
declare   it  fo.      It  was    not  fimply  that  the^JJ^^^^ 
privileges  of  Parliament  had  been  outraged  in  privilege. 
the  form  and  manner  of  the  proceeding,  but 
that  the  moft  ordinary  fafeguards   of  law,  to 
which  the  meaneft  citizen  had  to  look  for  his    » 
daily    and  hourly   protedlion,  had  been  deli- 
berately violated  and   put   afide.      The  new 
Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,   Culpeper,  was 
prefent ;   and  with   Lord    Falkland,  the  new  The  new 
Privy  Councillor,  occupied  for  the  firft  time  ^\[ilt. 
the  official  feats  on  the  right  of  the  Speaker's 
chair  :  but  not  a  word  againft  the  refolution 
now  moved  was  uttered  by  either.     Hyde  was 
not  in  the  Houfe,   and  it  will  appear  hereafter 
to  be  a  fa6l  of  fome  fignificance  that  no  proof  Hyde 
is  difcoverable  of  his   prefence  during  any  of^  ^"  * 
thefe  debates. 

The  declaration  of  breach  of  privilege,  and  the  No  oppo- 
order  for  refiftance,  having  pafted  by  acclamation,  attempted. 
a  Committee  of  conference  was  appointed  to 
carry  them  to  the  Lords ;  the  managers  named 
being  Glyn,  the  member  for  Weftminfter  and 
one  of  the  leading  lawyers  on  the  popular  fide, 
Nathaniel  Fiennes,  and   Sir  Philip  Stapleton. 
Thefe    had    anfwered    to   their    names,    and 
were   about   to  proceed   to  the  Lords,   when 
It  was  announced  that    Mr.   Francis,  King's  The  ^ 
Serjeant-at-Arms,    was   at    the    door   of   the  Serjeant  at 
Commons,  having  the  mace  in  his  hand,  ^*^d  J{j^  ^°^^^ 
bearing  command  to  deliver  from  his  Majefty 


122 


Enters, 
without 
his  mace. 


Demands 
the  Five 
Accufed. 


No  De- 
bate. 


Compo- 
fure  of  the 
Houfe. 


Jrrefl  of  the  Five  Members, 

a  meflage  to  Mr.  Speaker.  But,  even  in  that 
hour  of  fupreme  excitement,  the  leaders  of 
the  Houfe  forgot  nothing  that  was  due  to 
its  power  and  pre-eminence  within  its  own 
walls.  Mr.  Francis  was  not  permitted  to 
enter  until  he  had  laid  afide  his  mace.  Divefted 
of  that  fymbol  of  authority  he  advanced  to  the 
Bar,  and  amid  profound  filence  faid  that  he 
had  been  commanded  by  the  King's  Majefty, 
his  mafter,  upon  his  allegiance  that  he  ihould 
repair  to  the  Houfe  of  Commons  where 
Mr.  Speaker  was,  and  there  to  require  of 
Mr.  Speaker  five  gentlemen,  members  of 
the  Houfe  of  Commons ;  and  thofe  gentle- 
men being  delivered,  he  was  commanded 
to  arreft  them  in  his  Majefty 's  name  of 
High  Treafon.  "  Their  names,"  he  added, 
''  are  Denzil  Hollis,  Sir  Arthur  Haflerig, 
"  John  Pym,  John  Hampden,  and  William 
"  Strode." 

No  debate  followed.  The  temper  of  the 
Houfe  had  been  too  decidedly  fhown  to  render 
fafe  any  attempt  to  contravene  it ;  and  a  fort 
of  fettled  and  ftern  compofure,  contrafting 
ftrangely  with  the  agitation  that  prevailed 
while  yet  the  threatened  blow  had  not  fallen, 
appears  in  all  the  proceedings  that  immediately 
followed.  The  full  knowledge  of  the  worft, 
or  what  too  haftily  was  taken  for  the  worft, 
brought  with  it  all  that  upon  the  inftant 
became    neceflary    to   fecure — what    now  was 


§  XII.      The  Impeachment  before  the  Commons.  123 

diredly  in  peril — even  the  very  exiftence  of 
Parliament  and  parliamentary  power. 

Mr.  Francis  was   direfted  to  wait  outfide  The  Ser- 
the    door  until    the    pleafure   of  the    Houfe  ^^^^^"^^''/j 
fhould  be  communicated  to  him.     A  meffage  wait  out- 
to  the  King  was  then  ordered,  not  to  be  carried 
by  Mr.  Francis,  but  by  four  of  their  own  mem- 
bers, of  whom  two,  being  his  Majefty's  Privy 
Councillors,     might    haply   ferve    to    remind 
him,  that,  even  from  his  chofen  and  feleded 
Minifters,  an  allegiance  was  due  within  thofe 
walls    from   which    no    power  or   prerogative 
claiming  above  the  law  could  abfolve  them. 
As  the  fworn  fervants,  not  of  the  King,  but  of  Deputa- 
the  Commons  of  England,  Culpeper  and  Faulk-  carry  mef- 
land  were  required   to   accompany    Sir   John^?^^^^^^ 
Hotham  and  Sir  Philip  Stapleton,  when  the 
clofe  of  the  conference  with  the  Lords  fhould 
have  releafed  Sir  Philip.    They  were  to  inform 
the  King  that    his  meflage,  being  matter  of 
great  confequence,  and  concerning  the  privilege 
of  all  the  Commons  of    England,  would  be 
taken  into  ferious  confideration  by  the  Houfe, 
which  in  all  humility  and  duty  would  attend  the  ac- 
his  Majefty  with  an  anfwer  with  as  much  fpeed  anfwerTny 
as  the  greatnefs  of  the  bufinefs  would  permit,  ^^g^^ 

charcre 

and  that  the  faid  accufed  members  in  the 
meantime  ftiould  be  ready  to  anfwer  any  legal 
charge  made  againft  them. 

The  five  members  were  then  feparately  ad- 
drefl'ed  by  Mr.  Speaker,  who  enjoined  them,  one 


124 

The  Five 
Accufed 
ordered  to 
attend 
daily. 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


I 


§  XII.    The  Impeachment  before  the  Commons,  125 


Refolu- 
tion  for 
Military 
Guard  out 
of  City. 


Venn  and 
Penning- 
ton fent  to 
the  Lord 
Mayor. 


Day 

declining. 


by  one,  to  attend  de  die  in  diem  in  that  Houfe 
until  further  direftion,  fuch  attendance  to  be 
fpecially  entered  upon  the  Journals.*  Of  the 
matter  charged  in  the  articles  of  treafon  no 
notice  now  was  taken.  An  order  was  fimply 
made  that  the  Houfe  jfhould  fit  next  morning 
at  ten  o'clock,  as  a  Grand  Committee,  to  con- 
fider  the  meffige  of  the  King.  But  what  this 
meant  was  well  underftood,  and  that  the 
members  were  then  to  be  heard  in  reply  to 
their  accufer. 

The  ac5l  which  followed  proved  to  be  one  of 
the  moft  important  of  all.  The  refolution  for 
a  Guard  of  the  trained  bands  of  the  City, 
moved  and  carried  by  Pym  at  the  opening  of 
the  fitting,  was  turned  into  an  order  of  the 
Houfe  and  committed  to  the  care  of  Alderman 
Pennington  and  Captain  Venn,  members  for 
London,  who  were  direc5led  immediately  to 
repair  thither  and  demand  of  the  Chief  Magif- 
trate  and  Authorities  therein,  in  compliance 
with  fiich  order,  a  Military  Guard  for  pro- 
tec5lion  of  the  Houfe.  The  charge  was 
promptly  executed ;  in  what  circumftances, 
and  with  what  effcdl,  will  hereafter  be  feen. 

All  this  had  been  done  with  marked  delibe- 
ration, and  the  day  was  far  advanced.  The 
conference  with  the  Lords  as  to  breach  of 
privilege  had  been  brought  to  a  clofe,  and  the 
Upper  Houfe  had  joined  with  the  Lower  in 

*  Where  It  yet  ftands,  C.  J,  ii.  368. 


declaring  againft  the  outrage  committed  by 
the  ad:  of  fealing  up  the  trunks,  papers,  and 
doors,  in  the  private  houfes  of  the  accufed. 
Then  an  order  pafi^ed  the  Houfe,  giving  power  to 
its  Serjeant-at-Arms  to  break  open  thofe  feals, 
and  to  Mr.  Speaker's  warrant  to  take  into  cuf- 
tody  the  perfons  by  whom  they  were  attached. 
Sir  William  Fleming  and  Sir  William  Killi- 
greWj*  it  had  now  been  afcertained,  were  the 
King's  principal  agents ;  and,  a  warrant  for 
their  apprehenfion  having  been  iflued.  Sir 
William  Fleming  and  the  perfons  who  had 
adled  under  his  diredion  were  conveyed  that 
night  to  the  cuftody  of  the  Serjeant-at-Arms. 
Sir  William  Killigrew  was  not  to  be  found. 

Of  the  adls  and  proceedings  of  this  memor- 
able day,  which  before  midnight  were  in  print 
and  circulated  throughout  the  City,  that  was 

*  Thefe  were  men  recklefs  and  needy,  hangers-on  of  the 
court,  and  of  broken  fortunes.  Among  more  important  docu- 
ments in  the  State  Paper  Office  there  remains  a  note  of  this 
Sir  William  Killigrew's  dated  eighteen  months  before  this 
time,  which  fhows,  not  merely  the  ilraits  he  was  in  for  money 
(common  enough  then  for  the  beft  men  about  the  Court), 
but  the  dikreditable  ways  and  means  he  reibrted  to  for  getting 
it.  *'Knowe  all  men,"  it  runs,  "  that  I,  S''  W'"  Killigrew 
**  of  London  Kn'  have  borrowed  of  Masf  Robert  Longe  of 
**  London  Esq'  a  diamond  hatband  and  one  table  diamond 
**  ringe,  w^  I  the  faid  S'  W™  Killigrew  have  pawned  unto 
"  Capt.  Peeter  (who  dwelleth  at  M^""  Southe  s  the  cutlar 
*'  in  the  Strand)  for  one  hundred  pounds  j  the  which  I  doe 
**  binde  myfelfe  my  heires  and  executors  to  redeeme  and  to 
"  reftore  unto  Maft*^  Longe  in  or  before  Michaelmas  Terme 
"  next :  in  witnefs  whereof  I  have  hereunto  fett  my  hand, 
"London  :  June  22*^,  1640.  W'"  Killigrew." 

Endorfed  :   ''Sir  W"  Killigrew's  note   for  the  Diamond 
*'  Hatt  Band  and  Ring." 


Seals 
affixed  by 
King's 
warrant  to 
be  broken. 


King's 
agents 
who  feized 
papers  to 
be  im- 
prifoned. 


Sir  Wil- 
liam Killi- 
grew: 


and  the 
diamond 
hatband 
and  ring. 


( 


Lall  aa 
oF  the 
Houfe  on 
3rd  Jan. 


126  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

the  laft  but  one.  The  laft  was  to  fend  out 
intimation  to  the  King*s  Serjeant-at-Arms 
and  Meffenger,  Mr.  Francis,  ^^  who  attended 
"  all  this  while  at  the  door  of  the  Houfe  of 
^^  Commons/*  that  the  anfwer  to  the  King 
would  be  borne  by  members  of  their  own. 

§   XIII.     What    followed    the 
Impeachment. 

It  was   night   before    Falkland,    Culpeper, 
Interview  Stapleton    and    Hotham    were     admitted    to 
King.  ^    audience  at  Whitehall,  and  very  ftrange  the  in- 
terview muft  have  been.  Charles  appears  to  have 
addrefTed  himfelf  folely  to  Falkland.      Haftily, 
when  the  meflage  had  been  delivered,  he  afked 
whether  any  reply  was  expedled,  and,  in  the  fame 
breath,  before  Falkland  could  anfwer,  faid  that 
A  promife  ^|^g  Houfe  fhould  have  his  reply  as  foon  as  it 

tor  next  .  ^    •' 

day.         affembled  next  morning,  and  that  meanwhile 

it  was  to  take  his  aflurance  that  what  had  been 

done  was  done  by  his  diredlion.   It  is  juft  pofTible 

that  Charles's  intention,  when  he  faid  this^  may 

have  been  to  fend  fuch  reply  ;    but  if  fo,  it  did 

not  furvive  the  fcene  which  is  alleged  to  have 

been  adled  in  thofe  royal  apartments  not  many 

hours  after  the  four  members  quitted  them.* 

The  anecdote  refts  on  the  authority  of  a 

Authority  manufcHpt    note    publifhed    by   the    hiftorian 

to  be  de-    Echard,  which  had  been  left  by  Sir  William 

fcribed.     Coj^e   of  Norfolk  to  Mr.  Archetil  Grey,   the 

*  Echard's  Hiflory  (ed.  1720),  p.  520. 


§  xiii.      What  followed  the  Impeachment.  127 

brother  of  Lord  Grey  of  Groby  ;  and  though  Admix- 
it  certainly  feems   dated  fome  hours  too  foon  t^ue  and 
even  for  the  occurrence  it  profeffes  to  relate,  ^^^^e- 
and    fhould    be    read   very   guardedly,    there 
is    room  to    fufpedl    that    it  poflefles   a  con- 
fiderable  fubftratum  of  truth,  for  the  under- 
ftanding   of  which  the   reader  will  be  better 
prepared  if  certain  preliminary   circumftances 
and    confiderations    are     fubmitted    to    him. 
Upon  the  entire  ftatement  of  the  fadls  he  will 
have  to  judge,  how  far  the  proceedings  which  view 
already  have  been  defcribed  are  likely,  in  all  the  m^!"  ^^ 
ftartling  and  dangerous   circumftances  of  the  ^^^^^"^  = 
time,  to  have  been    taken,  as    Mr.    Hallam 
feems  to  fuppofe,  by    the  King  acfling  fmgly 
and   apart,  not    merely  from    his   authorized 
advifers  and  from  all  his  Privy  Council,*  but 
from    the   new    adherents  of  his   perfon    and 
recipients  of  his  favour,  won  to  him   by  the 
Great  Remonftrance.     He  will  have  to  deter-  How  far 
mine  how  far  it  is  credible,   that  a  defign  of ''''^^^^^^• 
fuch  magnitude  as  the  impeachment  of  leading 
members   of  the   Commons,  of  which  before 
the  event  rumours  and  alarms  had  gone  forth 

*  Hallam's  words  are  [Conjl.  Hijl.  ii.  125,  ed.  1855)  that 
"  the  King  was  guided  by  bad  private  advice,  and  cared  not 
**  to  let  any  of  his  Privy  Council  know  his  intentions  left  he 
**  fhould  encounter  oppofition."  This  furmife  may  be  correft, 
but  the  King's  charafter  and  hiftory  cannot  be  faid  to  fupport 
it.  The  life  of  Strafford  offers  inceffant  proof  that  Charles 
took  ftrange  pleafure  in  refifting  the  advice  of  men  moft 
attached  to  him,  and  in  whom  he  had  reafon  to  place  the 
greateft  confidence.  All  the  moft  ferious  afts  of  his  own  life 
were  done  in  the  very  teeth  of  the  moft  prudent  counfeliors 
who  remained  with  him. 


Ill  ad- 
vifers : 

Mr.  Hal- 
lam's  view 
not  con- 
fonant 
with  cha- 
racter of 
the  King. 


128 


Did  the 

King  aft 
apart  from 
all  advice  ? 


Were  the 

Attorney 

and 

Keeper 

wholly 

ignorant  ? 


What 
Strode 
thought 
of  their 
participa- 
tion. 


Mr.  At- 
torney's 
excufes  to 
theHoufe. 


Difbe- 
lieved  by 
Strode, 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

in  many  quarters ;  for  which  the  late  lawlefs 
levy  of  a  Court  of  Guard  at  Whitehall  was 
now  loudly  aflerted  to  have  been  the  prepara- 
tion ;  which,  to  every  one  in  the  King's  con- 
fidence, was  beyond  all  queftion  known  to  be  a 
defign  not  now  for  the  firft  time  entertained  ; 
and  which  required  the  aid  of  the  keeper  of 
his  confcience,  and  the  firft  law  officer  of  his 
crown,  to  carry  through  its  very  firft  ftage  ; 
had  yet  been  imparted  to  no  member  of  his 
Council  when  from  his  own  hand  the  Attorney- 
General  Herbert  received  the  written  articles 
of  treafon,  and  from  his  own  lips  the  Lord 
Keeper  Littleton  took  the  meflage  to  the 
Lords.  When  Littleton  and  Herbert  after- 
wards aflerted  fo  much,  Strode,  one  of  the 
accufed,  publicly  avowed  his  difbelief.*     But 

*  This  incident  took,  place  on  the  12th  February,  when  the 
condua  of  Sir  Edward  Herbert  (who  had  fat  for  Old  Sarum  : 
there  were  ten  other  Herberts  in  this  Parliament)  was  under 
difcuflion.  D'Ewes  tells  us  [Harl.  MSS.  162,  ff.  377b,  385 
a):  *'  Mr.  Pierrpoint  faid  that  the  Lord  Keeper  had  told 
"  him  that  after  his  Maj^  had  fliown  the  articles  to  the 
**  Attorney  (impeaching  Pym,  &c.)  he  did  to  his  uttermoft 
*'  power  advife  his  Ma^  not  to  prefer  them  j  but  the  King 
"  commanding  him  to  do  it,  he  came  to  the  Lords  Houfe 
**  to  perform  the  iame,  but  was  fo  troubled  in  mind  when 
"  he  came  there,  that  he  did  adventure  to  return  back 
**  to  his  Maj%  and  did  humbly  and  earnellly  advife 
**  him  the  fecond  time  not  to  prefer  the  fame,  but  then 
"  receiving  his  Maj''*^"  ablblute  and  peremptory  command 
**  to  do  it,  he  performed  it  accordingly.  Mr.  Strode  faid 
"  he  believed  that  Mr.  Attor^  did  not  only  contrive  the 
**  fame,  but  knew  of  the  defign  itfelf  alio,  for  he  was  a  man 
"  of  great  parts  and  well  (killed  in  ftate  matters,  and  was  very 
**  violent  both  on  Monday  and  Tuesday  Jan^  3  and  4."  AH 
things  confidered,  Strode's  fuggeftion  was  at  lead  a  pardonable 
onej  and  the  reader  will  fliortly  have  an  opportunity  of  tefting 


§  XIV.     Scene  in  the  ^een's  Apartments. 


129 


t 


fuch   a   queflion  cannot  even  be  ralfed  upon 

the  more   daring   adl  which  was  to  be   done 

on    the    fucceeding    day.      There    is  not   a  Propofed 

fhadow  of  pretence  for  the  afl*ertion,  that  the  ^he^^h  not 

King  had  kept  fecret  to  the  lafl:  hour  the  pur-  ^^"^(1° 

pofe  to  which  efFecfl  was  now  to  be  given.     It 

was  mofl  certainly  difcufl"ed  on  this  preceding 

night,   and  on  the  morning  of  the  day  itfelf; 

nor  is  there  any  doubt  as  to  fome  at  leafl:  of  ^i^^^^^d 

thofe  who  were  prefent  at  the  ill-judged  and  vious 

ill-fated  Council.  "^S^^- 

§  XIV.  Scene  in  the  Queen's 
Apartments. 

Whitelock,  who  had  fair  opportunities  of  l^j  ad- 
information  both  at  the  time  of  the  occurrence 
and  afterwards,  fays  in  his  Memorials  that  '^  the 
*^  Papifts,  by  the  means  and  influence  of  the 

the  credibility  of  the  Lord  Keeper's  and  Attorney  General's 

ftatement   by  comparing  it   with   accounts  of  the  tranfa(5lion 

under  the  King's  own  hand.     A  few  days  before  the  prefent 

debate  (Saturday,  29  Jan.)  an  effort   had   been    made   by  the 

Court  party  to  acquit  Herbert  by  putting  off  upon  *'  Peter  The 

**  Baal,  Esq.    of   the    Middle    Temple,     being   the    Queen's  Queen's 

**  attorney"  (this  is  the  ''Ball"  of  thenot  very  comprehenfible  Attorney 

paper  memorandum  in  Sir  Ralph  Verney's  Notes ^y^.  150)  thea6l  put  for- 

of  having  drawn  the  articles  of  treason.     D'Ewes  enables  me  ward. 

to  ftate  this  j  and  as  the  clofe  of  his  Journal  on  that  day  is  cha- 

ra6teriftic  of  theufage  of  the  time,  and  of  the  unruly  practices 

of  honorable  members,   I   fubjoin  it :      "  Several  committees 

**  went  out  between  iz  &  i,  and  many  members,  about  one  half 

**  in  the  Houfe,  went  out  to  dinner.     Divers  called  to  keep 

"  the  doors  fhut,  which  made  me  to  move — not  to  difturb  the 

**  fervice  of  the  Houfe  by  calling  out   '  Shut  the  door,'  but  "Shut  the 

**  that  we  might  again  renew  the  ancient  order  of  Parliament,  Door." 

**  and,  feeing  the  days  were  growing  longer,  fit  to  a  later 

*'  period  in  the  afternoon." — Harl.  MSS,  162.  f.  359  b. 


IJO 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members, 


Papifts 
and 


<c 


women. 


State- 
ment ot 
Madame 


Queen,  as  was  fuppofed,  perfuaded  the  King 
*^  the  next  day  in  the  morning  to  come  himfelf 
"  to  the  Houfe  of  Commons  ;"  and  he  adds,  as 
an  accredited  rumour  of  the  time,  that  it  was 
the  women*s  counfel  and  irritation  of  Charles, 
telhng  him  that  if  he  were  King  of  England 
he  would  not  fuffer  himfelf  to  be  baffled  about 
thefe  perfons,  which  provoked  him  to  go  to  the 
Houfe  himfelf,  and  fetch  them  out.*  Madame 
de  Motteville  ftates  diftindlly  in  her  Memoirs 
de  Motte-  that  the  Queen  had  told  her  of  a  projed  to  ftrike 
terror  into  the  Parliament,  and  feize  again  the 
power  that  had  been  wrefled  from  them ;  and,  in 
another  pafTage,  fhe  fays  more  plainly  that  the 
King  returned  from  the  great  dinner  which  had 
been  given  him  in  the  City  on  his  arrival  from 
Scotland,t  fo  elated  by  the  cheering  and  applaufe 


•  Memorials,  i.  154  (ed.  1853). 

f  Ante,  2 1,  22.  Without  placing  anything  of  an  implicit 
reliance  on  what  is  faid  by  the  Queen's  chamber-woman,  her 
pofition  at  the  time  yet  fairly  entitles  her  to  be  heard.  *'  She" 
(the  Queen)  *' was  ever  diligent,"  fays  Madame  de  Motte- 
ville, "  in  gaining  partizans  to  her  hulband,  and  won  over 
*'  the  Lord  Mayor.  On  the  King's  return  from  Scotland 
"  (he  went  to  meet  him  and  to  apprife  him  of  the  compliant 
"  difpofition  of  his  fubjefls.  The  royal  family  were  received 
**  in  London  with  great  marks  of  loyalty,  &  the  King  re- 
"  folved  to  take  advantage  of  this  ftate  of  things,  to  feize  the 
"  leaders  of  the  Houfe  ot  Commons.  He  entrulted  his  plan  to 
*'  few  but  the  Queen."  A  more  truftworthy  witnefsto  thedif- 
aftrous  cfte6^s  of  that  unfortunate  City  dinner  is  the  hiftorian 
May :  "  Who  would  not  in  probability  have  judged,"  he 
fays  {Hijh  lib.  2,  cap.  2,  18-19),  **  that  the  torementioned 
**  coftly  and  fplendid  entertainment  which  the  City  of  London 
"  gave  to  the  King,  would  have  exceedingly  endeared  them 
"  unto  him,  and  produced  no  effe^ls  but  of  love  &  concord? 
**  Yet  accidentally  it  proved  otherwife.  For  many  people, 
"  ill  afFe6led  to  the  Parliament,  gave  it  out  in  ordinary  dif- 


Henriet- 
ta's  con- 
du6l  on 
the  return 
from 
Scotland. 


May  the 
hiilorian. 


§  XIV.     Scene  in  the  ^een's  Apartments. 


131 


I 


of  the  Citizens,   that  he  determined  to  avail 
himfelf  of  the  fuppofed  popularity  implied  in  it, 
to  feize  the  ''  leaders  "  in  Parliament.     Monte-  Warning 
reuil,    the    French    AmbafTador,    fubfequently  cufed  ftom 
claimed  the  credit  to  himfelf  of  having  eiven  French 

AmbafTa- 

timely  notice  to  the  leaders  ("  J'avois  prevenu  dor. 

"  mes  amis,  et  ils  f'etoient  mis  en  furete  ")  to 

provide  for  their  fafety  ;  and  even  if  the  fadt  of 

his  having  done   fo  were  doubtful,  he  would 

hardly  have  ventured  to  claim  the  credit  unlefs 

it  were  notorious  that  he  had  the  opportunity. 

Finally,   it  only  needs  to  advert,  in  proof  of 

the  notorious  complicity  of  the  Queen's  party 

in  the  defign,  to  the  fubfequent  ftate  paper  of  the  EfFefts  of 

Commons  in  which  they  denounce  "  the  in-  9^?^^"  ^ 

^  mtermed- 

*^  fluence  which  the  pr lefts   and  Jefuits  haddiing. 
**  upon   the   afFedlions    and   counfels   of  the 
*^  Queen,  and  the  admiflion  of  her  Majefty  to 
'^  intermeddle  with  the  great  affairs  of  ftate."* 

The  leaders  of  the  Commons  had  indeed  ^^^  ^^- 
good    reafon    to   fufpedl    her    Majefty.      Not  p?aed"by 
many  months  before  this  date,  when  their  inter-  ^^^  ^^^' 

r  1     J  nil  mons  : 

Terence  had  arrefted  her  announced  journey  to 
Spa,  they  were  foully  aflailed  by  the  Royalifts 
upon  the  ground  that  they  had  covered  her  with 

"  courfe  (non  ignota  loquor,  it  is  a  known    truth)  that  the 

**  City  were  weary  of  the  Parliament's  tedious  proceedings, 

"  &  would  be   ready  to  join  with  the   King  againft  them. 

"  Whether  it  begat  the  fame  opinion  in  the  King  or  not,  I  Charles 

"  cannot  tell  j   but  certainly  fome  conceived  fo,  by  anions  mifled. 

"  which  immediately  followed." 

*  Remonftrance   from    Grocers'    Hall    Committee.      See 
Clarendon's  Hiji,  ii.  185. 

K  2 


132 


Sufpiclons 

proved 

true. 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

difloyal  fufpicions,  nor  had  fcrupled  to  difcover, 
in  a  fimple  excurfion  for  health  and  pleafure, 
treafonable  motives,  and  even  a  poflible  defign 
upon  the  property  of  the  Crown.  Yet  not  a 
great  many  days  after  the  events  now  defcribed, 
every  one  of  thofe  fufpicions  was  proved*  to 
have  been  well-founded  ;  and  when  at  length  it 
was  known  that  (he  had  managed  to  quit 
England  upon  the  enterprize  of  raifing  foreign 
arms  for  the  King,  carrying  with  her  to  this 
end  not  only  her  own  and  the  King*s  jewels, 
but  the  jewels  of  the  Crown, f  the  regret  might 
well  be  felt,  even  by  moderate  men,  that  the 
patriots  had  not  put  their  old  mifgivings  into 
force.  Confcious  of  her  own  intentions,  this 
was  doubtlefs  what  fhe  had  herfelf  moft  dreaded ; 
and  Clarendon  explains  the  eager  violence  with 
which  fhe  threw  herfelf  into  the  King's  projecfl 
of  impeaching  the  members,  by  the  terror  fhe 
entertained  of  their  impeaching  herfelf.  ^'  That 
"  which  wrought  fo  much  upon  the  Queen's 
'^  fears,*'  he  fays,  J  ^' befides  the  general  obfer- 
'^  vationhow  the  King  was  betrayed,  and  how 
*'  his  rights  and  power  were  every  day  wrefted 


Abftrac-         *  ^^^  Nalson,   ii.  391,  for  Indication  that  the  Commons 
tion  of  the  ^"^^'^^^^  ^^^  delign  againft  the  Jewels  as  early  as  July  1641. 
Crown  "^  Whitelock's    Memorials    (ed.   1853),  i.    159;   and  fee 

iewels  Hallam,  Conji.  Hi/J.  ii.  139.     Mr.  Hallam  is  infinitely  mode- 

rate and  cautious  in  dealing  with  thefe  paflages  of  our  hiftory, 
but  he  admits,  in  a  note  to  the  paflage  juft  referred  to,  that 
the  Queen's  intended  journey  to  Spa  in  July  1641,  which 
was  given  up  at  the  remonftrancc  of  Parliament,  was  highly 
fufpicious. 

I  Hi/},  ii.  231. 


Clarendon 
explains 
her  defirc 
to  have  the 
members 
im- 
peached : 


§  XIV.     Scene  in  the  ^eens  Apartments. 


^ZZ 


*^  from  him,  was  an  advertifement  that  fhe 
'^  had  received  of  a  defign  in  the  prevalent 
*^  party  to  have  accufed  her  Majefty  of  high 
'^  treafon  ;  of  which,  without  doubt,  there  had 
*  ^  been  fome  difcourfe  in  their  moft  private  To  fave 
*'  cabals,  and,  I  am  perfuaded,  was  imparted  fj-o^i 


im- 


*^  to  her  upon  defign,  and  by  connivance  (for  P^ach- 
"  there  were  fome  incorporated  into  that 
'^  fai5lion  who  exadlly  knew  her  nature,  paf- 
"  fions,  and  infirmities),  that  the  difdain  of  it 
"  might  tranfport  her  to  fomewhat  which 
*^  might  give  them  advantage.  And  fiiortly 
"  after  that  difcovery  to  her  Majefty,  thofe 
"  perfons  before  mentioned  were  accufed  of 
"  high  treafon." 

The  perfon  here  more  particularly  pointed  Lucy, 

^    .  ^  ^  Countefs 

at  as  having  played  out,  apparently  on  both  of  Cariifle. 
fides,    the   double   intrigue  of   friend  and  of 
betrayer,  was  undoubtedly  Lady  Cariifle,  now 
in  daily  intercourfe  with  Pym  and  Lord  Kim-  Her  daily 
bolton,  and  herfelf  a  chief  aft  or  alfo  in  the  ^o^rfe 
fcene  about  to  be   related.     Without  raifing  with  Pym 

I  (y.  ,       I  .  .    ,  ,  .  and  Kim- 

the  queition  whether  it  might  not  have  been  bolton : 
even  with  herfelf  for  ^'  meflenger  "  that  the 
Queen  and  King  had  lately  made  the  overture 
to  Pym  which  was  meant  to  enfnare  him 
from  his  party,  it  does  not  admit  of  contro- 
verfy  that  this  ftrong-willed  woman,  by  far  the 
moft  generous  and  the  moft  conftant  of  all 
the  friends  of  Strafford,  and  for  that  reafon  after 
ftill  in  acceptance  and  reputation  at  Court,  ^H^^^ 


H 


J4- 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 


had  been,  ever  fince  the  King's  furrender  of 
his  great  Minlfter,  deep  in  the  fecret  counfels 
and  confidence  of  Pym  and  his  friends,  and 
had  done  them  moft  material  fervices.  Cla- 
Retrlbu-  rendon*s  iirfl:  editors  fupprefled  the  paflage  in 
betrayal  of  ^'^'^'^  he  dwells  expHcitly  on  the  evil  fhe 
herfriend:  v^rrought  againft  her  quafi-friends  at  Court: 
but  it  may  properly  here  be  reproduced.  The 
hiftorian  is  clofing  a  fort  of  fumming  up  of  the 
adverfe  circumftances  with  which  Charles  the 
Firft  at  this  time  had  to  contend.  *^  And  laftly, 
^^  which,  it  may  be,  made  all  the  reft  worfe,  the 
"  Countefs  of  Carlifle,  who  was  moft  obliged 
'^  and  trufted  by  the  Queen,  and  had  been  for 
*'  her  eminent  and  conftant  affedion  to  the 
"  Earl  of  Strafford  admitted  to  all  the  con- 
^^  fultations  which  were  for  his  prefervation, 
*^  and  privy  to  all  the  refentments  had  been 
'^  on  his  behalf,  and  fo  could  not  but  remember 
*^  many  fharp  fayings  uttered  in  that  time,  was 
^^  become  a  confidant  in  thofe  counfels,  and 
*^  difcovered  whatfoever  fhe  had  been  trufted 
'^  with."  *   So  did  Clarendon,  out  of  his  fimple 

obfervation   and  knowledge  of  humanity,  and 

without    reproach    to    the    Countefs   for    fo 

Hereon-    avenging  a  bitter  wrong,  fufficiently  explain, 

plained'by  ^^   ^^  fecms    to    me,    the    fudden    tranffer   of 

hercha-     Lady  Carlifle's  allecriance  from  Strafford's  falfe 

racier 

friends  to  his   open  enemies.     In  that  way, 

*  Clarendon,  Hifl,  il.  603-604.. 


Betrays 
the  Court 
to  the 
Com- 
mons: 


i 


§  xrv.     Scene  in  the  ^eeyis  Apartments, 


^35 


not  unnaturally,  might  fo  vehement  and  im- 
petuous a  fpirit  refent  his  betrayal  ;  it  is  to 
be  remembered  alfo  that  her  brother,  the  Earl  Her 
of  Northumberland,  had  by  this  time,  after  a  Northum- 
far  lefs    conftant   and   generous    devotion    to^^^'^^^^* 
Strafford,  changed  fides  from  the  Court  to  the 
Parliament ;    and  there   is  certainly  not   the 
fhadow  of  a  ground   for  the  imputation  which 
fo  many  grave  hiftorians  have  fince  repeated  Sir  Philip 
on  the  aythority  of  a  jefting  remark   by  Sir  wick's 
Philip  Warwick,*  that   this   mature   lady  of  ^*'^"^^^- 


*  The  pafTage   is  worth  quoting  as  written  by  one  who 
pafTed  much  time  in  very  intimate  perfonal  attendance  on  the 
King,  becaufe  the  only  regret  exprefTed  in  it  with  regard  to 
the  attempt  of  the  4.th  January  is  that  it  was  made  too  late: 
"  In  Scotland  having   learnt  the  confederacies  againft  him, 
**  and  the   intelligence  fome  of  our  great  members  had  held 
**  with  the  ambafladors  of  foreign  princes,  particularly  the 
"  French,  and  fomewhat  of  the  depth  of  their  defigns,  he  was 
*'  forced  to  refolve  to  accufe  fome  members  of  both  Houfes 
**  of  treafon  J  but  too  late,  God  knows:  enough  to  fhow,  A  Cour- 
**  that   when    Princes  will  long    put    off  their  dangers  by  tier's  view 
"  unreafonable  concefTions,  they  do  not  divert  their  hazard,  of  the 
"  but  run  into   it.     And  now  tho'    he  refolves    to    proceed  Impeach- 
**  againft  thefe  members  by  a  due  procefte  in  law,  &  accufe  ment  and 
**  them  firft  in   the  Lords  houfe  by  his  Attorney  Generall,  arreft. 
**  and   then  in  the   Houfe  of  Commons  by   himfelfe   (both 
"  Houfes  having  ever  allowed  that  no  priviledge  of  parlia- 
*'  ment  could  by  any  fingle  member  of  either  Houfe  be  pre- 
"  tended  unto  in  the  cafe  of  treafon,  felony,   or  breach  of 
peace),  yet  his  coming  to  the  Lower  Houfe  being  betrayed 
by  that  bufy  ftatefwoman  the  Countefs  of  Carlifle  (who  had 
now    changed    her    gallant   from  Straff"ord   to  Mr.  Pym,  Bufy 
*'  and  was  become  fuch  a  fhe-Saint  that  ftie  frequented  their  ftatef- 
"  fermons  and  took  notes),  he  loft  the  opportunity  of  leizing  woman 
*'  their    perfons  "  &c.  &c.   Memoires    (ed.    1702),    p.    204.  become 
While  I  am  bound  to  ftate  my  convi6lion  that  the  imputation  flie-faint. 
which  would  give  to  Lady  Carlifle  the  great  Puritan  leader  for 
her  gallant,  is  without  a  fliadow  of  other  teftimony  to  llipport 
it,  I  need  not  conceal  the  faft  that  the  Royalift  libellers  kept  a 
well   fupplied  armoury  of  weapons  of  this  kind,  which  any 


(( 


ill 


136 


No  ground 
for  War- 
wick's 
libel. 


Pym's  un- 

piiritanic 

manners. 


''Round- 
head " 
explained 
by  Baxter. 


^rrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

more  than  forty  years  of  age,  who  had  been 
twenty  years  a  wife*  and  five  a  widow,  had  now 

Royallft  writer  was  fure  to  find  always  ready  to  his  hand. 
Pym's  free  living  and  gallantries  were  an  untiring  theme. 
From  the  Nenxi  Diurnall,  or  from  The  Senfe  of  the  Houfe,  or 
from  Reafons  again]}  Accommodation^  I  could  furnifli  abundant 
inftances,  but  they  are  not  always  quotable.  One  of  the  more 
fcholarly  of  thefe  recklefs  penmen  had  invented  even  a  Latin 
fong  which  went  by  Pym's  name,  and  fupplied  material  for 
infinite  libels  by  way  ot  anfwer. 

I  wonder  one  fo  old,  fo  grave, 
Should  yet  fuch  youth,  iuch  lightnefle  have. 
♦  ♦  ♦  ♦ 

Thou  mayft  as  foon  turn  Turk  as  king  j 
And  that,  oh  that's  the  tempting  thing — 
That  thou  mayrt  glut  thine  appetite 
With  a  feraglio  of  delight ! 

Occafionally,  however,  even  a  Royalift  libeller  is  under  fome 
influence  which  gives  him  paufe  in  his  career  of  (lander,  and 
his  charge  againll  the  great  leader  refblves  itfclf,  at  fuch  times, 
into  what  may  poffibly  have  originated  the  whole  of  this 
fruitful  theme  of  unlcrupulous  wit — Pym's  free  unpuri- 
tanical  manners,  and  flowing  courtefy  to  women,  repeatedly 
noticed  by  contemporaries.  Take  an  example  from  Lines  to 
a  Lady : 

Then  go,  fair  lady,  follow  him  ; 
Fear  no  trumpet,  fear  no  drum, 

Fair  women  may  prevail  with  Pym, 

And  one  fweet  fmile  when  there  you  come 
Will  quickly  firike  the  Speaker  dumb. 

Let  me  add  that  when  Baxter,  in  a  well-known  paflage  of  his 
Narratt've  (p.  34),  reprefents  the  Queen,  in  Pym's  prefence, 
alking  who  that  round-headed  man  was  (which,  by  the  way, 
file  is  not  at  all  likely  to  have  done,  for  there  is  ample  evidence 
that  his  perfon  was  well-known  both  to  Qjiieen  and  King 
long  before  the  Straftbrd  trial),  the  reader  mull  yet  not 
luppofe  her  to  have  meant  by  the  phrafe  that  he  was  what  is 
called  clofe-cut  or  crop-eared.  In  that  fenfe  it  would  not  be 
more  applicable  to  Pym  and  Hampden  than  to  Hopton  and 
Rupert.     The  remark  of  Baxter  may  be  given  for  its  iiluftra- 


I 


Afug- 
geftion 
more 
probable. 


Doctor 
Bates. 


•  She  was    married    to    Lord    Hay,  afterwards   Earl  of 
Carlifle,  in  the  autumn  of  16 17. 


§  XIV.     Scene  in  the  §!ueen's  Apartments. 

changed  her  ^^  gallant"  from  Strafford  to  Pym. 
One  of  the  King's  phyficians,  Dodor  Bates, 
in  his  Rije  and  Progrefs  of  the  troubles ^  is 
not  difpofed  to  be  more  complimentary  to  her 
than  Sir  Philip  was;  but  at  leaft  he  keeps  more 
within  the  probabilities  when  he  afcribes  her 
conducfl  to  a  willingnefs  now  to  fet  off  her  wit, 
as  formerly  {he  had  done  her  beauty,  the  gifts 
of  different  ages,  amongft  the  Parliament 
men.  This  writer,  a  partizan  of  Charles  the 
Firfl,  though  he  did  not  decline,  during  the 
Protectorate,  to  prefcribe  for  Cromwell,  alfo 
diftincflly  declares,  in  that  portion  of  his 
Elenchus  Motuum  which  was  written  and 
printed  before  the  Reftoration,  that  it  was 
"  by  the  advice  of  fome  of  his  Privy  Council 
^'  who  were  themfelves  members  of  the 
*^  Houfe,"*  that  the  King,  finding  the  Com- 
mons refolute  not  to  deliver  up  their  members 
on  legal  charge,  went  himfelf  the  next  morning 
to  arreft  them. 

Of  a  different  complexion  from  his  ftate- 
ment,  though  not  necelTarily  at  variance  with 
it,  is  the  fcene  that  waits  to  be  defcribed  from 
Coke's    Manufcript,    preferved    by   Archetil 


tion  of  the  fubjefl  treated  ante,  63.     He  is  fpeaking  of  the 
word  Roundhead.  **  The  original  of  which  name  is  not  certainly 
*'  known.     Some  fay  it  was  becaufe  the  Puritans  then  com-  <<Xhat 
monly  wore  fhort  hair,  and  the  King's  party  long  hair :  round- 
fome  fay  it  was  becaufe  the  Qjaeen  at  Strafford's  trial  afked  headed 
**  who  that  round-headed  man  was,  meaning  Pym,  becaufe  he  man." 
**  fpake  fo  flrongly." 
*  £d.  1685  J  p.  34. 


137 


Privy 
Council- 
lors faid  to 
have  ad- 
vifed  the 
King. 


(11 


f 


ij8 

King  and 
Qiieen  on 
the  night 
of  the  3rd 
January  : 


j^rrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 


On  the 

morning 
of  the  4th. 


Lady  Car- 
lifle  clofet- 
ed  with  the 
Queen. 


Grey.     A  long  and  very  pallionate  debate  had 
pafTed  in  the  royal   chamber  on  the  night  of 
the  fruitlefs  attempt  of  the  Attorney-General, 
the    Queen    taking  prominent   part    therein; 
and  it  had  ended,  according  to  this  account, 
in     the    fettled    refolve  that   Charles    would 
himfelf  demand  the  members  next  morning. 
But  his  heart  failed  him  when  the  morning 
came.     He  went  to  the   Queen's    apartments 
early,  and,  finding  Lady  Carlifle  with  her,  took 
her  Majefty  into  her  clofet,  and  there,  having 
put  to  her  all  the  hazards  of  the  attempt,  and 
all  its  pofTible  confequences,  declared  that  he 
muft   abandon  it.      Whereat  the   Queen,    no 
longer  able  to  contain  her  pafTion,  violently 
burft  out,   "  Allez,  poltron  !      Go,  pull  thefe 
"  rogues  out  by  the  ears,  ou  ne  me  revoyez 
^^  jamais  !  "     Without  replying  the  King  left 
the    room.       The    anecdote    is    certainly    not 
in  any  refped    reliable,  if  accepted  ftridlly  in 
this  form ;  but  it  feems  to  favor  the  fuppofi- 
tion  of  fome  admixture  of  truth  in  it,  though 
mifdated  as  well  as  mifltated,  that  Madame  de 
Motteville  fhould  unconfcioufly  have  given  us 
in  her  Memoirs  a  fort  of  fequel  to  it.     She 
defcribes   the   Queen,    while   waiting    in    her 
clofet  with  vehement  expec5lation,  rejoined  by 
Lady  Carlifle.      In  a  previous  paflage  fhe  had 
dwelt  upon  Charles's  leave-taking  hardly  an 
hour  before,  not  in  filence  indeed,   as   Coke 
reports,  but  with  a  hafty  promife  to  Henrietta 


§  XV.      Council  of  the  Night  of  yd  January,  139 


that  if  fhe  found  one  hour  elapfe  without 
hearing  ill  news  of  him,  fhe  would  fee  him, 
when  he  returned,  mailer  of  his  kingdom. 
With  impatient  dread  fhe  had  fince  pafTed  that 
interval  of  fufpenfe,  and  now,  on  Lady  Carlifle's 
fudden  entrance,  thinking  the  hour  was  pafl 
and  the  flroke  made  not  miffed,  fhe  exclaimed 
to  her  friend,  ''Rejoice !  for  I  hope  that  the  King 
"  is  now  mafler  in  his  States,  and  that  Pym 
*'  and  his  confederates  are  in  cuflody.*'  She 
had  told  the  triumph  of  her  hate  too  early  to 
prevent  Lady  Carlifle  from  making  it  the 
triumph  of  her  own.  Within  an  hour  from 
that  time,  adds  Madame  de  Motteville,  Pym 
knew  what  was  to  be  done  that  day. 


The  one 
hour. 


Qjueen 
betrays 
her  fecret. 


Lady  Car- 
h'fle  be- 
trays the 
Qjieen. 


§  XV.     Council  of  the  Night  of  the 
3RD  OF  January. 

The  nature  of  the  debate  of  the  preceding  The 
night,  the  number  who  were  prefent  at  it,  and  debate^: 
the  character  of  thofe  who  took  adive  part  in 
it,  remain  flill  matters  of  doubt  to  us.    Was  it 
a  meeting  of  the  King  and  Queen  with  the 

Queen's    friends   only,  with  Lord  Digby,  the 

French  AmbafTador,  and  William  Murray*  of 

the  Bed-Chamber,  as   Clarendon  would  have 

us  believe  ;    or  was  it  one  at  which,  or  im-  Who  were 

mediately  preceding  which,  the  King  had  con-  ^'^^  ^"  " 

fulted  with  thofe  of  his  Privy  Council  v/ho 

*  "  Littel  Vil   Murry,"  as  the   Queen  calls   him  in  her 
letters. 


« 


140 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 


Teftl- 
raony  of 
Sir  Arthur 
Hale  J  rig. 


Gratitude 
to  Lady 
Carlifle. 


Rage  of 
the  Queen, 


What 

philolb- 

pher 

Hobbes 

fays. 


were  alfo  members  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons, 
in  other  words  with  Sir  Edward  Nicholas,  Cul- 
peper,  and  Falkland,  as  Do6lor  Bates  diftindlly 
avers  ?  When  Sir  Arthur  Hafelrig,  himfelf  one 
of  the  accufed,  recalled  the  circumftances  fixteen 
years  later,  in  one  of  the  Parliaments  of  the 
Protedtorate,  it  is  remarkable  that  in  what  he 
faid,  after  exprefTing  his  thanks   to  God  that 
through  the  timely  notice  given  by  the  kind- 
nefs  of  that  great  lady,  the  Lady  Carlifle,  blood- 
fhed   had   been  prevented,  he  feems   at  once 
both  to  confirm  the  fubflance  of  Sir  William 
Coke's  flory,  and  to  make  it  much  more  pro- 
bable by  changing  the  time  alleged  for  it,  while 
he  leaves  it  compatible  with  either  fuppofition 
as  to  the  charader  of  the  previous  night's  meet- 
ing.    On  the  King's  "  return,"  he  faid,  "  the 
**  Queen  raged  and  gave  him  an  unhandfome 
''  name,   poltroon,   for  that  he  did  not  take 
*'   others  out;     and  certain,  if  he  had,  they 
'"■  would  have  been  killed  at  the  door."*     On 
the  other  hand,  when  Hobbes  fpeaks,  in  his 
Behemoth^  of  the  long  fubfequent  altercations 
between   the  Parliament   and  the    King,    and 
fays  that  the  perfiflent  demand  of  the  Houfe 
of  Commons,    that    the  King  fhould   declare 
who  were  the  perfons  that  advifed  him  to  go, 
as  he  did,  to  the  Parliament  Houfe  to  appre- 
hend  them,   had  for  it  no  other  motive  than 

*  Burton's  Diary  of  the  Parliaments  of  Cromzvelly  in.  93. 
Hafelrig's  fpeech  was  delivered  on  the  7th  February,  i65}i-9. 


§  XV.     Council  of  the  Night  of  yd  Jtinuary,  141 

"  to  flick  upon  his  Majefly  the  difhonour  of 
"  deferring  his  friends  and  betraying  them 
**  to  his  enemies,"*  he  diflindly  fanftions  the 
afTertion  of  Bates  that  the  ad  was  neither  un- 
premeditated by  the  King  nor  unadvifed  by 
his  counfellors.f 

Perhaps  the  queflion,  which  mufl  after  all  be  Direaion 
left  to  a  careful  and  impartial  judgment  upon  J"  j^'^J.^^^^. 
the  attendant  circumftances,    may  receive  its  motives 

not  leafl  important  illuflration  from  confideringjeas  of 
all  that  was  involved  in  that  chance  of  a  fatal  ^"jmpt  of 

4.th  Janu- 

ifTue,  with  fuch  emphafis  referred  to  by  Hafelrig.  ary. 
The  turning  point  of  the  cafe  is  probably 
there  ;  and  in  what  the  undertaking  included 
beyond  its  oflenfible  pretences,  its  real  key  or 
folution  may  be  found.  It  is  ufual  to  treat 
the  attempt  which  the  King  was  now  about  to 
make,  as  an  ac5l  of  rafhnefs  far  tranfcending  in  Not  fo 

ralh  as 

its    danger    that    which    already    through    his  fuppofed. 
Attorney  General  he  had  made,  and  far  furpafT- 
ing  in  its  folly  all  his  other  ads  of  flate  fince  his  j 
return ;  as  an  undertaking  which  he  never  could 
have  dared  to  fubmit  to  any  of  his  advifers,  and 

*  The  truth  was,  as  the  hiftorian    May  has  pointed  out 
(lib.  2,  cap.  2,  p.  25),  that  in  this  demand  the  Houfe  was 
thoroughly  juftified  and  perfeftly  regular j  "the  law  in  two  Demand 
**  feveral  itatutes  providing  that  if  in  time  of  Parliament  the  for  names 
**  King  accufe  a  member  of  the  fame  of  what   crime  foever,  of  King's 
"  he    ought    to    fignify    to    the    Parliament  who    were    the  advifers. 
**  informers." 

t  Hobbes  in  the  fame  tone  and  fpirit  adds  :  *'  The  King 
*'  waved  the  profecution  of  the  5  members,  but  denied  to 
**  make  known  to  them  the  names  of  thofe  who  had  advifed 
**  him  to  come  in  perfon  to  the  Houfe  of  Commons  to 
"  demand  them." 


142 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 


an  adventure  which  necefTarily  he  muft  have 
undertaken,  if  at  all,  on  his  undivided  refpon- 
fibility.    But  does  this  view  take  fufficiently  into 
j    account  tlie  antecedent  circumftances,  the  chal- 
lenge flung  down  to  the  Houfes,  the  continued 
Pofitlon  of  exafperation  of  the  Citizens,  and  the  pofition  in 
aft^er  faU?   which,  amid  a  population  already  fo  dangeroufly 
ureofat-  excitcd,  the  failure  of  the  iirfl:  day's  enterprife 

tempt  or      ,      J  -         ,  .  J  t 

the  3rd      had    left    the   King  ?      There    are  occafions 

January,    ^j^^j^  ^j^^^  would  Ordinarily  be  the  madnefs  of 

defpair  becomes  a  courage  only  equal  to  the 

occafion.       All    the   dangers   involved   in   a 

deliberate    attack    on    the    privileges    of    the 

Houfe  of  Commons,   and  the  perfons  of  its 

Challenge  leaders,  had  now  been  incurred.     The  challenrre 

by  the       thrown  down  had  been  promptly  taken  up. 

Commons,  and  from   it,    to    a    vifion   lefs    narrow    and 

obflinate   than  the  King's,   there  might   well 

Difficulty  feem  no  pofTible  retreat,  confiftent  with  dignitv 

of  retreat.  r  r  r         '    -i         m  ^  o       / 

or  lafety.     Let  it  be  aflumed,  as  an  a6l  of  juflice 

to  Charles  the  Firfl,  that  he  honeftly  believed 

himfelf  to  be  in  pofleflion  of  evidence,  which, 

before  fuch  a  tribunal  as  might  be  obtained  to 

try  them,  would  bring  the  accufed  members 

certainly    within    the     penalties     of    treafon. 

Alleged     Hyde  profefles  that  he  had  no  doubt  of  it  ; 

to  Vu'^pport  ^^d  neither,   it  is  probable,  had  Culpeper  or 

thecharge.  Falkland.*     But,  on  the  other  hand,  the  refo- 

*  He  is  fpeaking,  in  another  pafTage,  of  the  fears  enter- 
tained by  himfelf  and  them  that  the  attempted  arrcft  might 
prove  a  difadvantage  to  the  King's  affairs.  **  Not  that  they 
"  thought    the    gentlemen    accufed,   lefs   guilty  j    for    their 


§  XV.     Council  of  the  Night  of  ^^d  January.  143 


lute  determination  of  the  Houfe  to  protedl  its 
members  interpofed  an  infuperable  difficulty, 
and  at  once  made  painfully  apparent  that  a 
falfe  flep  had  been  taken.     This,  if  at  all  to  Falfe  ftep 
be    retrieved,    it    was    now     not  poffible    to  ^bie 
retrieve  by  any  proceeding  within  the  limits  jyithin 
of  the   law.       Five    Commoners    had    been  iLw. 
accufed  of  treafon  before  a  tribunal  which  had 
not  the  fhadow  of  a  jurifdidlion  to  try  them ; 
and  the  forms  of  the  grand  jury,  which  for 
centuries  had  fhielded  and  proteded  the  Eng- 
lifh   fubjedl,    had    given    place  to    a    lawlefs 
exercife  of  the  moft  hateful  of  all  the  procefljes 
of  law    and     of    prerogative,     an    Attorney- 
General's  Ex-officio  upon   the  information  of  \ 
the  King.     Could  anything  now  fuggeflied  to  Nature  of 
meet  fuch  a  crifis  be  in  effed  worfe,  whether  already 
by   failure    or   fuccefs,    than  what    had    thus  ^'o^mit- 
direftly  occafioned  it  ?  | 

Thefe  were  the  circumftances  in  which,  on  One  way 
the  night  of  the    3rd  of  January,  we  muft  ground: 
aflume    the    idea    to  have  been  ftarted,   that. 


"  extreme  diflioneft  arts  in  the  Houfe  were  fo  vifible,  that 
**  nothing  could  have  been  laid  to  their  charge  incredible  : 
**  but  the  going  through  with  it  was  a  matter  of  fo  great 
"  difficulty  and  concernment,  that  every  circumftance  ought 
"  to  have  been  fully  deliberated,  and  the  feveral  parts  dif- 
"  penfcd   into  fuch  hands,  as  would  not  have  fhaken  in  the 

"  execution If  the  choice  had  been  better  made, 

**  and  the  feveral  perfons  firft  apprehended,  &  put  into  dif- 
**  tin6l  clofe  cultodies,  that  neither  anybody  elfe  fhould  have 
"  heard  from  them,  nor  they  one  from  another,  all  which 
*•  had  not  been  very  difficult,  the  high  fpirit  of  both  Houfes 
"  might  poffibly  have  been  fo  deje61ed,  that  they  might  have 
**  been  treated  withal."     Hill.  ii.  183-4. 


What 
Clarendon 
thought  of 
the  King's 
proceed- 
ing. 


What  he 
would 
have  done 
himfelf. 


144 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 


§  XV.     Council  of  the  Night  of  i^rd  January.  145 


ftrong  in  the  juftice  of  a  cafe  to  which  the 
fubtleties  and  niceties  of  law  were  no  longer 
Renewal    applicable,  the  King  fhould  go  with  the  armed 
witT^"^^^  attendants  of  his  new  Court  of  Guard  (pro- 
means  to    vided  for  that  fpecial  occafion,  men  afterwards 

enforce  it 

*  faid)  to  the  Houfe  next  morning,  and  himfelf 
demand  the  members  to  be  given  up  to  him. 
Objeftion  might  be  made  that  this  would  be 
but  the  repetition,  in  an  exaggerated  form,  of 
what  had  failed  that   day:     but  the  obvious 
anfwer,  that,  in  the  event  of  fuch  refiftance 
being   repeated,    means    of  counter-refiftance 
were   provided,   gives  its  diftindlive  characfler 
to  what  the  King  now  defigned.     If  bloodfhed 
followed    upon    violence,     the    refponfibility 
would  reft  with  thofe  who  provoked  it :  nor 
Foiled       IS  it  poflible  to  doubt,  that,  but  for  Lady  Car- 
Lady  Car-  Jifl^'s  interference,  fuch  muft  have  been  the  ifTue 
lifle's        raifed.    The  whole  of  the  occurrences  of  the  paft 
three  weeks   had  gone  altogether  in  the  fame 
diredlion  ;  and  we  have  feen  that  merely  on  the 
view  of  what  was  paffing  from  day  to  day,  a 
terror  and  foreboding  of  calamity  was  in  the 
Idea  of     hearts  of  the    moft   moderate   men.     It   was 
inilp^a^at    h^^dly  a  time  when  even  the  thought  of  fuch 
bie  from    an  adl  as  the  King  was  about  to  undertake 
attempt,     could  have  arifen,  unaccompanied  by  the  pre- 
vifion  of  fome  confequences  fure  to  follow,  of 
which  the  weight  or  levity  would   wholly  turn 
upon  the  degree  of  confidence  or  fear  already 
infpired  by  the  condu6l  of  the  people.    But  when 


f 


fear  was  wifdom,  Charles  the  Firft  had  no  fear.  The  King 
We  fhall  find  that  he  ftill  to  this  hour,  and  o^a  wife^ 
beyond  it,  blindly  relied  on  the  City  as  under  fear. 
the  control  of  its  loyal  Chief  Magiftrate.    He 
confefTed  afterwards     his    miftake    in    having 
been  induced  to  believe  that   the    Houfe  of 
Commons    had    now    ceafed    to    be   popular. 
Armed  bravos  and  foldiers  of  fortune  had  un- 
punifhed  drawn  their  fwords  on    the  people, 
and  '^  chafed  "  and  hunted  them  in  the  public 
ways.     And  why  not  complete,  at  the  Houfe 
itfelf,  what  in  theftreets  had  been  thus  begun? 

The  change  of  pofition  taken    up    by  the  The  iflue 
accufed  members   on    the   fecond  day,  bears  of  vio- 
out  this  view  of  the  cafe,   and  fandions  the  ^^^^^  - 
belief  that  the  iftue  fought  to  be  raifed  was, 
and  could  be,  no  other  than  one  of  violence.* 
The  Houfe  of  Commons  withdrew  its  mem-  reafon 
bers  at  the  approach  of  the  King,  not  becaufe  ^"^^^^ 
it  feared  the  King  more  than   it   feared   his  withdrew 
Attorney-General    or    his    Serjeant-at-Arms,  ber^^"^" 
but  becaufe  of  the  danger  of  a  collifion  with 


*  Whitelock  fays  {Memorials  i.  153):  "And  divers 
**  imagined  that  if  the  five  members  had  not  received  a  fecret 
**  notice  from  a  great  court  lady,  their  friend  (who  overheard 
**  fome  difcourfe  of  this  intended  aftion,  and  thereof  gave 
"  timely  notice  to  thofe  gentlemen)  whereby  they  got  out  of 
**  the  Houfe  juft  before  the  King  came  :  otherwjfe,  it  was 
"  believed,  that  if  the  King  had  found  them  there,  and  called 
"  in  his  Guards  to  have  feized  them,  the  members  of  the 
*'  Houfe  would  have  endeavoured  the  defence  of  them,  which 
"  might  have  proved  a  very  unhappy  and  fad  bufincfs  j  and 
**  fo  it  did,  notwithftanding  that  was  prevented.  This  fudden 
"  a(5^ion  being  the  firft  vifible  &  apparent  ground  of  the 
"  enfuing  troubles." 


White- 

lock.*s 

view: 

Extent  of 
danger 
prevented 
by  Lady 
Carlide. 


146 


Source  of 
Queen's 
lelF- re- 
proach : 


not  pre- 
vention of 
attempt, 
but  inter- 
ception of 
confe- 
quences. 


Previous 
prepara- 
tions : 


At  Wliite- 
haJlj 

and  in  the 
City. 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members, 

the  armed  men  who  accompanied  him. 
Attention  has  not  been  fufficiently  fixed  on 
this  part  of  the  cafe.  Madame  de  Motte- 
ville  tells  us  that  the  Queen  never  ceafed  to 
reproach  herfelf  to  the  laft  day  of  her  life, 
for  having  cafually  difclofed  what  led  to  the 
removal  of  the  members  from  the  Houfe. 
To  have  prevented,  not  the  King's  attempt, 
but  the  poflibility  of  violence  and  bloodfhed  in 
giving  efFeA  to  it,  was  to  her  the  moft  bitter 
reproach.  *'  Never  did  he  treat  me  for  a 
''  moment,"  fhe  exclaimed,  "  with  lefs  kind- 
"  nefs  than  before  it  happened,  though  I  had 
^^  ruined  him."  She  had  ruined  him,  becaufe 
unconfcioufly  fhe  had  caufed  the  betrayal  of 
his  plan  for  difabling  or  ftriking  down  his 
enemies,  in  the  Houfe  where  they  had  mortally 
aflailed  him  by  upholding  the  liberties  of  his 
people. 

There  is  no  injuftice  to  the  King  in  the  views 
here  exprefled.  The  injuftice  is  in  treating 
his  fcheme  as  a  braggart  difplay  of  force  it  was 
never  defigned  to  ufe.  The  preparations  for 
it  were  all  too  deliberately  made  to  render 
credible  any  fuch  belief.  It  was  afterwards 
clearly  proved,  and  admitted  by  Charles,  that 
on  this  3rd  of  January  means  had  been  taken 
to  fortify  Whitehall  with  a  confiderable  accefs 
of  arms  and  ammunition.  What  was  hoped, 
and  defperately  planned,  to  have  been  done  in 
the    City,    will    fhortly    be    revealed    upon 


1 


§  XV.     Council  of  the  Night  of  ^^d  January,  147 

evidence  beyond  cavil  or  difpute.  So  far  back 
as  the  previous  Friday  the  3 1  ft  of  December, 
as  will  appear  hereafter  from  what    D'Ewes  Evidence 

.  ^  ^  r         •  1  •  \         r-  .     ot  Captain 

reveals  to  us  or  evidence  given    by  Captain  Langres.  • 

Langres,  orders  had  been  fent  to  the  officer  in 

command  of  the  Court  of  Guard  at  Whitehall 

to  obey  ''  one  Sir  William  Fleming."    On  this 

very  night  while  the  fubjedl  was  yet  in  debate, 

means  had  been  taken  to  obtain  afliftance  from  Afllftance 

the  gentlemen  of  the  Inns  of  Court,  who  could  fi^^g^^ 

&  ^  ^  from  Inns 

themfelves  furnifti  at  that  time  an  important  of  Court, 
military  guard,  and  whom  we  have  already  {^itw 
eager,  during  the  Weftminfter  Hall  tumults, 
to  proffer  for  the  King's  protedlion  a  band  of 
500  men.*     Sir  William  Killigrew  had  been 

•  Ante,  78.  I  have  found  curious  evidence  exifting  in  the 
State  Paper  Office  of  the  anxiety  of  the  Court  to  render  this  force 
efficient  and  to  fecure  its  fervices  in  cafe  of  need.  It  is  a  Royal 
letter  to  the  Benchers  of  Gray's  Inn  touching  the  exercife  of 
arms,  and  is  dated  at  that  ftriking  period  preceding  the  diflblu- 
tion  of  the  Third  Parliament,  when,  to  moft  thinking  men,  the 
hope  of  any  final  fettlement  without  ultimate  appeal  to  arms 
muft  firft  have  begun  to  appear  defperate.  No  one  who  ex- 
amines the  State  papers  ot  this  time  in  our  National  Repofi- 
tory,  ftill  untouched  by  the  hiftorian,  can  fail  to  be  ftruck  by 
the  change  of  tone  and  attitude  taken  by  the  people.  Thus 
early  the  country  was  on  the  point  of  rebellion.  Only  faith 
in  the  leaders  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons  kept  it  ftill.  Even 
in  a  thing  which  till  then  had  been  a  mere  matter  of  courfe — 
the  bringing  of  State  prifoners  from  the  Tower  to  the  Courts 
— days,  times,  and  modes  of  conveyance  had  to  be  felefted 
with  the  niceft  care  for  avoidance  of  popular  tumults;  and 
whether  Eliot  and  Selden  were  to  be  brought  by  water  or  by 
land,  on  particular  occafions,  was  matter  of  anxious  delibera- 
tion between  the  Governor  of  the  Tower  and  the  Law  Officers 
of  the  Crown.  The  paper  to  which  I  have  referred,  and  which 
has  never  been  printed,  is  worth  fubjoining  in  detail.  Apart 
from  its  fpecial  hiftorical  fignificance,  there  may  be  found  in 
it  at  the  prefent  time  an  intereft  which  makes  appeal,  yet 
nearer  and  clofer,  to  that  fpirit  which  fupplies  in  all  ages  a 

L  2 


Inns  of 
Court 
Volunteer 
Guard. 

A  trou- 
bled time. 
Mldfum- 
mer,  1828: 


the 

country  on 
eve  of  re- 
fiftance. 


Royal 
letter  to 
Benchers 
of  Gray's 
Inn. 


?, 


! 


148 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 


Killigrew  fent  round  to  each  of  the  Four  Inns  with  copies 
w"th  c'lj^y^  of  the  articles  of  treafon,  and  with  fummons 
from  his  Majefty  in  each  cafe  to  be  in  waiting 
the  next  morning  at  Whitehall.  A  fimilar 
courfe  had  been  taken  alfo  with  the  Guard  at 
the  Palace. 


of  Im- 
peach- 
ment. 


Defire  to 
have  all 
citizens 
exerciled 
in  arms. 


country's  only  efficient  fafeguard, — the  patriotic  ardour,  the 
difciplined  valour,  and  the  Ikill  in  arms  of  her  fons. 

"  Trufty  and  Well  Beloved  Wee  Greet  you  well.  Con- 
"  fidering  that  thefe  times  are  full  of  a6>ion  and  danger,  true 
**  religion  being  now  affaulted  in  all  parts  of  Chriltendome, 
"  our  purpofe  is  to  employ  our  beft  care  to  make  all  our 
"  fubje^^s  well  prepared  by  the  exercife  of  armes  to  defend 
'*  the  truth  and  our  Kingdomes,  and  to  maintaine  the  fafetie 
"  and  honour  of  Our  Nation  ;  and  becaufe  the  voluntary 
"  example  of  the  gentlemen  of  the  Innes  of  Court  will  much 
'*  conduce  to  that  good  end,  Wee  therefore  will  and  require 
**  you  that  you  doe  in  our  name  recommend  vnto  them  the 
"  exercife  of  Archerie  and  Armes,  inciting  and  incourageing 
*'  them  at  theire  times  of  recreation  to  employ  themfelves 
"  therein,  and  efpecially  in  horfcmanfliipp,  a  commendable 
"  and  noble  exercife  and  moft  neceflarie  in  all  occafions  of 
**  Warr  wherein  other  Nations  have  gott  the  advantage  of 
"  Us.  Our  greateftdefe<^  is  want  ofdiicipline  and  Knowledge 
"  therein  :  by  occafion  thereof  the  greateft  disorder  and  con- 
"  fufion  doe  ufually  happen  in  armes.  But  Wee  doe  ufually 
"  referr  it  to  every  gentleman  to  exercife,  either  on  horfe  or 
"  foot,  what  armes  fhall  beft  fort  with  his  owne  difpofition  ; 
•*  and  Wee  will  extend  our  Royall  grace  and  furtherance  by 
"  all  fitt  waics  and  meanes  to  all  fuch  as  fliall  manifeft  their 
**  forwardnes  in  that  worke,  which  will  be  an  honour  to 
your  Societyes  and  a  worthie  example  to  our  Subje6^s. 
Our  meaning  is,  not  that  any  the  Students  of  our  Lawes 
fhould  by  this  occafion  negle6l  their  ftudies,  but  that  they 
*'  ftiould  change  their  former  exercifes  in  time  of  Vacancie 
"  and  recreations  into  the  moft  ufcfuU  a61ions  for  the 
**  common  good  and  defence  of  religion,  our  Royall  perfon, 
*'  themfelves,  and  our  countrye.  And  Wee  will  that  you  (hall 
leifuiVand  "  caufe  thefe  Our  Letters  to  be  openly  read  unto  the 
vacations.  **  Gentlemen  of  the  Societie,  declaring  unto  them  that  Our 
**  care  ftiall  be  duely  to  encourage  and  advance  all  fuch  as 
*'  fhall  well  deferve  either  by  their  Studdies  or  the  com- 
*'  mendable  A<flions  Wee  now  commend  unto  them.  Given 
**  under  our  Signet  at  our  Pallace  at  Weftminfter  the  28  of 
"  June  on  the  4th  Yeare  of  our  Raigne." 


Defe6l  to 
be  fup- 
plied,a 
want  of 
difcipline. 


Law  ftu- 
dents  not 
to  neglect 
ftudies, 
but  to 
occupy 


4 

i 


§  XV.     Council  of  the  Night  of  yd  January.  149 

Still,   even    affuming    the  matter  to   have 
been   fo    prefented    to    the  new   Secretary  of 
State  and     the  two   Privy    Councillors   moft 
recently  fworn  to  advife  the  King,  and  moft 
deeply  interefted  in  providing  for  his  ultimate 
fafety  by  the  advice  they  gave,  all  muft  yet  be 
conje6lure  as  to  the  probable  courfe  they  took. 
But  it  is  impoflible  to  exclude  from  confidera-  ^J^^^  '^' 
tion    the    fad,    which    Clarendon    repeatedly  Minifters 
admits,  that  they  agreed  thoroughly  with  the  the'fuilt'' 
King  as  to  the  guilt  of  the  accufed,  and  never  of^the^^ 
placed  on  higher  grounds  than  thofe  of  con- 
''  venience  "  and  expediency  their  objec5lion  to 
the  attempted  arreft.*     We  are  to  remember 
alfo  that   the  objedion  was  not    publicly   ex- 


♦  In   the  very  pafTage  where  he  ventures  on  the  ftrongeft 
expreflion  of  doubt  and   apprehenfion  as  to  the  courfe  taken 
by  the   King  (remarking  that  he  and  his  friends,   between 
grief  and  anger,  were  confounded    with  the  conhderation  of 
what  had  been  done  and  what  was  like  to  follow),  he    never- 
thelefs  thus  continues:  "They  were  far  from  thinking  that 
"  the  accufed  members  had  received  much  wrong ;  yet  they 
"  thought  it  an  unfeafonable  time  to  call  them  to  account  for 
"  it.     That  if  anything  had  been  to  be  done  of  that  kind, 
"  there  ftiould  have  been  a  better  choice  of  the  perfons,  there 
<'  being  many  of  the  Houfe  of  more  mifchievous  inclinations 
"  and  defigns  againft  the  King's  perfon  and  the  Government, 
"  and  were  more  expofed  to  the  public  prejudice,  than  the 
"  Lord   Mandeville  Kimbolton  was  .  .   .     Then  Sir  Arthur 
"  Hafelrig  and  Mr.  Strode  were  perfons  of  fo  low  an  account 
"  and  efteem  .  .  .  that  they  gained  credit  and  authority  by 
"  being    joined    with    the    reft,   who    had    indeed   a    great 
*'  influence.     However,  if  there  was  a  refolution  to  proceed 
"  againft  thofe  men,  it  would  have  been  much  better  to  have 
*'  caufed  them  to  have  been   all   feverally  arrefted,  and  lent 
"  to  the  Tower,  or  to  other  prifons,  which  might  have  been 
**  very  eafily   done   before  fufpefted,  than   to    fend  in  that 
"  manner  to  the  Houfes  with  that  formality  which  would  be 
"  liable  to  fo  many  exceptions." 


What 
Falkland, 
Culpeper, 
and  Hyde 
would 
have  done 
with  the 
Five 
Members : 


(( 


Seized 

them 

feparately, 

and  fent 

each  to  a 

different 

prifon. 


15© 

Objection 
to  arreft 
only  after 
its  failure. 


Hyde  em- 
ployed to 
juftify  it. 


Mlfrepre- 
fentation 
of  the 
cafe. 


jirreft  of  the  Five  Members, 

prefTed  until  after  the  attempt  had  iflued  in 
complete  difafter;  that  it  was  then  accompanied 
by  other  ftatements  too  groflly  at  variance  with 
the  known  fa6ls  not  neceflarily  to  fubje6t  it  to 
grave  fufpicion ;  and  that  the  very  perfon  on 
whofe  fingle  aflurance  pofterity  has  been  con- 
tent to  believe  it,  is  the  fame  whofe  pen  was 
employed  by  the  King  to  juftify  the  very  ac5l 
objedled  to.  Within  a  few  days  after  its 
occurrence,  Hyde,  replying  in  the  name  of 
Charles  to  the  City  petition,  vindicates  it  as 
'^  a  gentle "  proceeding  againft  men  who  had 
been  accufed  on  the  cleareft  grounds  of  high 
treafon ;  for  that,  in  fuch  a  cafe,  as  it  was 
notorious  that  no  privilege  of  Parliament  could 
extend  to  treafon,  felony,  or  breach  of  the 
peace,  and  as,  in  defpite  thereof,*  the  Houfe 


"  Gentle- 
nefs"  of 
King*s 
attempt 
alleged  by 
Claren- 
don. 


An  3(51  of 
favour. 


*  The  anfwer  to  the  City  petition  will  be  found  in  Hijl. 
ii.  149.  **  For  his  going  to  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  when 
**  his  attendants  were  no  otherwife  armed  than  as  gentle- 
**  men  with  fwords,  he  was  perfwaded,  that  if  they  knew 
*'  the  clear  grounds  upon  which  thofe  perfons  ftood  ac- 
**  cufed  of  high  treafon,  and  [what  would  be  proved  againft 
**  them,  with  which  they  fhould  be  in  due  time  acquainted, 
"  and  confidered  the  gentle  way  he  took  for  their  appre- 
**  henfion  (which  he  preferred  before  any  courfe  of  violence, 
**  though  that  way  had  been  very  juftifiable  ;  fince  it  was 
**  notorioufly  known  that  no  privilege  of  parliament  can 
**  extend  to  treafon,  felony,  or  breach  of  the  peace),  they 
*'  would  believe  his  going  thither  was  an  a<ft  of  grace  and 
"  favour  to  that  Houle,  and  the  mod  peaceable  way  of  having 
**  that  neceffary  fervice  performed  ;  there  being  fuch  orders 
**  made  for  the  refinance  of  what  authority  foever  for  their 
**  apprehenfion."  It  is  difficult  to  fteer  through  the  involu- 
tions of  thefe  fentences,  but  to  difcover  their  drift  is  not 
difficult.  Somewhat  later,  when  it  had  ceaied  to  be  fafe  to 
urge  the  guilt  of  treafon  againft  the  accufed  as  entirely  clear 
and  capable  of  proof,  quite  another  colour  was  fought  to  be 


§  XV.     Council  of  the  Night  of  yd  January.  1 5 1 


of  Commons  had  made  order  for  refiftance  of 
the  apprehenfion  of  their  members  againft  all 
authority  whatfoever,  "  any  courfe  of  violence 
"  had  been  very  juftifiable.'* 

Let  me  add  that  when  Clarendon,  fpeaking  No  privl- 
in  his  proper  perfon,*  repeats  this  argument,  ^^^^^^ 
and   ftates  that  the  leaders  claimed  immunity  againft 

,.  ,      treafon. 

againft    even    regular    proceedmgs   upon    tlie 

charge  of  treafon,  he  pradifes  largely  indeed 

upon  the  careleflhefs  or  credulity  of  his  readers. 

"  For  if,"    he    fays,  ''the  judges  had   been  Falfe  iftue 

«'  compelled  to  deliver  their  opinions  in  point  ^^'^^  * 

<'  of  law,  which  they  ought  to  have  been,  they 

''  could  not  have  avoided  the  declaring  that 

''  by  the  known  law,  which  had  been  confefted 

^^  in  all  times  and  ages,  no  privilege  of  Par- 

''  liament  could  extend  in  the  cafe  of  treafon; 

"  but  that  every  Parliament-man  was  then  in 

''  the  condition  of  every  other  fubjedl,  and  to 

"  be  proceeded  againft  accordingly." 


given  to  the  fatal   afl.     *'  We  put  on,"  Charles  Is  made  to 

fay,  (Huft>and,  Coll.  24.6)  **  a  fudden  refolution  to  tiy  whether 

**  our  own  prefence,  and  a  clear  difcovery  of  our  intentions, 

**  which  haply  might  not  have  been  fo  well  underftood,  could 

**  remove  their  doubts,  and  prevent  thofe  inconveniences  which 

**  feemed  to  have  been  threatened  j  and  thereupon  we  refolved 

"  to  go  in  our  own  perfon  to  our  Houfe  of  Commons,  which 

**  we  difcovered    not  till  the  very  minute  we  were  going,  the 

**  bare  doing  of  which  we  did  not  then  conceive  could  have 

**  been  thought  a  breach  of  privilege,"  &c.  &c.      William 

Lily,  chara61erifmg  Charles  the  Firft's  ftyle,  defcribes  exactly 

that  of  Clarendon  :  "  He  would   write  his  mind  lingularly 

"  well,  and  in  good  language  and  ftyle  ;  only  he  loved  long 

**  parenthefes."     It  is  Karcely  neceffary  to  add,  that,  in  the 

inftances  juft  quoted  at  leaft,  the  parenthefes  are  Clarendon's. 

—  See  Life,  130-133-  *  H^l^-  "•  '93- 


Another 
fketch 
from  fame 
hand. 


The 
King's 
ftyle  of 
writinig. 


152 

Indemnity 
from  trea- 
fon  nevev 
claimed  ; 


I 


Method  of 
proceed- 
ing only 
obje^led 
to. 


Culpeper's 
confidence 
toDering: 


Charles's 
truft  in  his 
new  coun- 
fellors. 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 

He  knew  perfe6lly  well,  when  he  wrote  this 
paflage,  that  the  Houfe  of  Commons  had 
folemnly  dlfclaimed  the  views  and  pretenfions 
here  attributed  to  them ;  and  that  the  real  point, 
from  which  he  always  ftudioufly  manages  to 
carry  ofFthe  attention  of  his  readers,  turns  upon 
the  breach  of  privilege  and  grofs  breach  of  all 
common  as  well  as  conftitutional  law,  involved, 
not  in  charging  members  of  Parliament  with 
treafon,  but  in  the  mode  adopted  to  give  efFedl 
to  fuch  a  charge. 

It  is  furely  no  very  harfli  aflumption,  fee- 
ing how  foon  thefe  arguments  were  reforted 
to  in  vindication,  that  fome  fuch  arguments 
might  alfo  have  been  debated  on  the  memor- 
able night  of  the  3rd  of  January,  when  it  is 
known  that  Falkland  and  Culpeper  were  cer- 
tainly with  the  King  ;  when  they  had  been 
fworn  fo  recently  of  his  Council ;  and  when 
the  queftion  was  no  longer  whether  the  rafh 
attempt  fhould  be  made,  but  whether  it  fliould 
be  wholly  abandoned  by  abandonment  of  all 
further  authority.  That  Sir  Edward  Bering 
had  derived  from  the  new  Chancellor  of  the 
Exchequer,  Sir  John  Culpeper,  his  colleague 
in  the  reprefentation  of  Kent,  the  informa- 
tion that  fhortly  before  the  Chancellorfliip 
was  conferred  upon  himfelf  it  had  been  offered 
to  Pym,  feems  hardly  to  admit  of  doubt ; 
and  the  mere  fad  of  the  new  minifters  pofTefT- 
ing  this  information,    carries  other  prefump- 


§  XV.     Council  of  the  Night  of  ^rd  January. 

tions  with  it  inconfiftent  with  the  notion  that 
they   had    failed    as    yet    to    obtain    the    real 
confidence  of  the  King.     Such  mofl  certainly 
was  not  the  impreffion  at  the  time.     When 
Clarendon  complains  that  himfelf,    Falkland, 
and  Culpeper,  could   not  avoid   being  looked 
upon  as  the  authors  of  thofe  counfels  to  which 
they  were  fo  abfolute  flrangers,  and  which  they 
fo  perfedlly  ''  detefted  ;  "  when  he  expreiTeshis 
vexation  that  they  continued  to  be  pointed  at 
as  the  "  contrivers  ;  '*  he  at  leaft  exhibits  what 
was   a    prevailing    belief,    and   one   which    a 
partizan  and  fervant  of  the  King,  in  a  grave 
account  of  the  period,  has  diflincflly  fancflioned. 
When,  on  the  other  hand,  in  almoft  the  fame 
page  of  his  Hiftory,  Clarendon  declares  that 
''  the  three  perfons,"  Falkland,  Culpeper,  and 
himfelf,   believed  in  the  guilt  of  the   accufed, 
and  only  thought  it  would  have  been  far  better 
to  have  caufed  them  to  have  been  all  feverally 
arrefted    and   fent  to  the  Tower   or  to  other 
prifons  (which,  he  adds,  if  every  circumflance 
had  been  fully    deliberated,    and   the   feveral 
parts  diflributed  among  fuch  hands  as  would 
not  have  fhaken  in  the  execution,  might  have 
been  very  eafily  done),  he  fupplies  us  with  the 
means  of  tefting,  by  a  very  accurate  meafure, 
the  nature  and  amount  of  ''  deteflation  "  with 
which  the  King's  ad  had  infpired  thefe  coun- 
fellors  of  the  King.     Let  Falkland  and  Cul- 
peper have  all  the  advantage  derivable  from 


153 


Imputa- 
tion 
againft 
Hyde  and 
his  friends. 


Believed 
to  be 
**  contri- 
vers "  of 
the  arreft. 


Their 
mode  of 
objc(5ling 
and  de- 
nying : 


no  evi- 
dence of 
<*  detefta- 
tion"  of 
the  deed  : 


154 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 


having  fliared,  at  one  and  the  fame  time,  the 
deteftation  at  the  ill-doing  of  it  by  the  King, 
and  the  eagernefs  to  have  had  opportunity  of 
doing  it  better  themfelves.     The  prefent  writer 
at  lead  is  convinced  that  if  thefe  men  were  not 
but  rather  dlred,  they  were  indiredt,  parties  to  the  deed 
indirea      that  now  Waited  to  be  done.     If  it  failed,  the 
tbn  ^'^^"  King's  cafe  could  not  be  more  defperate  than 
already  it  was  become.     If  it  fucceeded,  and 
Stake        the  leaders  of  the   Majority  in  the  Houfe  of 
anYfoft  ^^  Commons    were    flruck    down,    intimidation 
might  be  left  to  do  its  work  upon  their  fol- 
lowers, the  Minority  which  had  rallied  againfl: 
the  Remonftrance  might  be  gathered  and  rein- 
forced under  lefs  troublefome  leaders,  and  the 
Englifh  people  be  led  back  into  bondage  by 
the    very    power    which     had    effedled    their 
deliverance. 


%  XVI.     Midnight  Visit  to  the  City. 

Secretary        One    remarkable    incident    remains   to    be 

confulttno-  defcribed,  which  a  document  in  the  State  Paper 

late  with    Office   enables    me    to    eftablifh,    and   which 

'^'  will  probably  be  accepted  for  irrefragable  proof 

that  at  leaft  the  King  was  in  confultation  with 

one  of  his  principal  Secretaries  of  State,  Sir 

Edward    Nicholas,    late    in  the   night   of  this 

p     .r       3rd    January  ;    and    that   the  objed:   of  their 

agalnft       deliberation    muft  have  been,   beyond  all  pof- 

n"e^t"ciay :  ^it)le    qucftion,    to    provide    againfl   popular 


§  XVI.     Midnight  Vifit  to  the  City. 


^55 


tumults  which  there  was  fpecial  reafon  to  look  and 

/.  ,-,,.,  ,  t.  againftde- 

for  on  the  following  day,  and  to  neutralize  any  j^^^d  of 
meafures   taken    by  the   Houfe   of  Commons  Commons 
for  defence  againfl:  further  and  forcible  aggref-  Guard, 
fion.     To  what  extent  the  argument  in  the 
foregoing  fedion  receives  confirmation  from 
fuch  an  occurrence,  every  reader  will  be  able 
to  judge  for  himfelf,  and  will  be  better  able  to 
judge  corredly  when  all  its  curious  circum- 
ftances  are  told. 

It  has  been  feen  that  one  of  the  lafl:  ads  of 
the    Commons    before   they   broke   up   their 
fitting  after  the  articles  of  impeachment  were 
prefented,  was  to  fend  Pennington  and  Ven  into  Order  of 
the  City  with  a  requefl:  for  a  Guard  out  of  the  ^.j^y 
Trained   Bands  under  the  immediate  order  of  Train 

I  •     1     •  J     Bands. 

the  Chief  Magifl:rate.      Upon  this  being  made  > 
known  to  the  King,  he  thought  himfelf  fl:rong  1 
enough  to  defeat  it  by  a  counter  warrant  to  Counter- 
the  Lord  Mayor,  and  this  was  direded  to  be  f^g^eTby 
prepared  accordingly.    The  rough  draft  of  the  the  King, 
warrant  remains  fl:ill  among  the  Papers  of  the    | 
State.     It    is    in    the    handwriting  of  Under 
Secretary  Bere,  and  is   correded   by  Secretary 
Nicholas  himfelf,  fufficing  proof  of  its  authen- 
ticity.     Such  proof,  indeed,  it  needed,  for  it  is 
in  its  terms  very  damnatory  evidence  againfl:  Grave  evi- 
the  King  and  the  King's  counfellors.     It  is  an  againft 
infl:rudion  to  the  Chief  Magiflrate  of  London,  the  Court. 
not  merely    to    refufe    to    the  Commons    the 
Guard  they  had  defired,  but  in  its  place   to 


156 


Order  to 
Train 
Bands  to 
fire  on  the 

Citizensi 

f 

Inter- 
cepted and 
not  pub- 
lifhed 
until  now. 


Why  not 
put  in 
force. 


Reached 
the  City 
too  late. 


Arrejl'  of  the  Five  Members, 

enroll  fuch  a  Guard  for  the  royal  fervlce,  with 
order  for  its  immediate  employment  in  fup- 
prefling  and  difperfing  all  tumults,  diforders, 
and  aflemblages  of  the  people  in  the  ftreets  of 
the  City  ;  and  with  exprefs  inftrudion  to  it,  in 
cafe  perfons  fo  aflembling  fliould  refufe  to 
retire  to  their  houfes  peaceably,  to  fire  upon 
them  with  loaded  bullets. 

Happily  for  the  King,  this  royal  warrant 
remained  hriitum  fidmen^  and  fees  the  light 
firft  in  thefe  pages ;  for,  had  the  attempt  been 
made  to  enforce  it,  London  would  in  all  pro- 
bability have  witnefTed  fuch  a  fcene  as  muft 
then  have  changed  the  entire  fubfequent  courfe 
and  airri  of  our  Englifh  Revolution,  Nor  is 
the  caufe  which  interpofed  itfelf  to  prevent  the 
attempt  the  lead  ftriking  part  of  the  ftory. 
Near  the  paper  as  it  lies  in  our  National 
Colledion  remains  alfo  the  letter  of  the  agent 
employed  by  Secretary  Nicholas  to  carry  it  to 
Sir  Richard  Gourney.  His  inftrudlions  appear 
to  have  been  to  haften  with  it  into  the  City,  to 
fee  the  Lord  Mayor,  to  urge  upon  him  the 
neceffity  of  immediately  calling  the  Sheriffs  to 
council  (one  of  whom  was  known  to  be  as 
ftrongly  royalift  as  Gourney  himfelf ),  to  open 
and  read  it  in  their  prefence,  and  to  give  direc- 
tions then  and  there  for  carrying  it  into  efFed. 
But  the  night  was  farther  advanced  than  in  the 
hafte  and  eagernefs  had  been  fuppofed.  The 
clocks  at  Whitehall  had  not  kept  good  time. 


§  XVI.      Midnight  Vifit  to  the  City. 


^Sl 


Mr.   Latche  the  meffenger   found   the  Chief 
Magiftrate  in  bed,  and   Ven   and   Pennington 
had    been  beforehand  with  him.     In  a  word  Fortunate 
the  projed  had  failed,  happily  for  all  involved  ^r  the 
in  it,  moft  happily  for  the  King.     It  is  dif-  ^"^S- 
covered   only   now,  when  two  centuries  have 
pafTed  away,   as   one   of  the    fecrets  of  what 
might  have  been  hiftory,  that  late  in  the  night  what 
of  the   3rd  of  January,  1641-2,  Charles  the  J'^'S^^^^^^^ 
Firft,  in  deliberation  with  his  principal  Secre-  hiftory. 
tary  of  State,  had  provided,  in  a  certain  and 
too  probable   contingency,  itfelf  the  refult  of 
an  excitement  he  was  himfelf  creating,  for  the 
firing  with  powder  and  bullet  upon  affemblages 
of  his  unarmed  fubjedls  in  the  ftreets  of  the 
City  of  London. 

Thus    ran    the   warrant:    ^^  To    the    Lord  Copy  ^of 
"  Maior  of  London.     Right  trufty  and  well-  rant. 
«'  beloved    Counf*".      Wee    underftand    that 
'^  the   House  of  Coriions  hath   fent  to    have 
*'  Guard   of  the   trained    Bands  of  that   O^ 
'^  Cittv.     Forafmuch    as    fome    of   w^^'   faid  Reference 

to  Five 

''  Houfe  are  lately  accufed  of  high  treafon.  Members. 

*^  Our  will  and  command  is   that  you   take 

*^  efpeciall  care  that  none  of  Our  trained  bands 

*^  be  raifed  w^^'out   fpeciall  warrant  from  us, 

*^  and  wee  fliall  take  in  O'  royall  care  that 

''  nothing  ftiall  be    don  to    the  prejudice  or 

''  difturbance  of  O^  faid  Citty,  [w^i»  we  ftiall 

'^  be  as  vigilant  to  keepe  in  quietnes  as  others 

'^  are    to    engage    &    put   into    tumult   and 


158 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members, 


Train 
Bands 
called  out 
for  the 
King. 


All  gath- 
erings oF 
Citizens 
to  dif- 
perfe : 


(c 


cc 


On  refiifal 
to  be  fired 
upon. 


Letter  of 

Nicholas's 

agent. 


^^  diforder  *]  :    But  m  cafe  you  fhall  find  any 
*^  great  numbers  of  people  to  aflemble  together 
*^  in  a  tumultuary  &  diforderly  manner  w^^^in 
"  O'  laid   Citty  or  the  liberties  thereof,  Our 
"  will  and  command  is  that  you  then  caufe  foe 
*^  many  of  O'"  trained  bands  to  be  raifedas  you 
'^  fliall   thinke  fitt,  well  armed  and  provided, 
"  and  that  you  give  order  to  fupprefle  all  fuch 
tumults  and  diforders,  and  if  they  fhall  find 
refiftance,  and  that  the  perfons  foe  aflembled 
^^  fhall  refufe  to  retire  to  their  houfes  peace- 
''  ably,  or  to  render  y"Telves  into  thehandesof 
^^  juftice,  that  then,  for  the  better  keeping  of  the 
"  peace,  and  preventing  of  further  mifcheefes, 
you  coiTiand  the  Cap%  Oflicers,  and  Souldiers 
of  our  faid  trained  bands,  by  fhooting  with 
bullets,   or    otherwayes,    to  fupprefle  thofe 
tumults,    &  deftroy  fuch  of  them  as  fhall 
^  perfift  in   their  tumultuous  wayes  and  dif- 
orders  :   For  which  this  fhall  be  yo*  warrant. 
"  Given,  &c.  3rd  Jan.  1641." 

And  thus  runs  the  letter  which  announced 
to  Secretary  Nicholas  the  failure  of  a  mifllon 
which  fo  temperate  and  difcreet  a  minifter  mufl 
in  his  heart  have  wholly  difapproved.  It  is 
addreffed  "  To  the  Rt.  Honorable  Sir  Edward 
"  Nicholas,  Kn^*  Principal  Secretary  to  his 
"  Ma^'^  att  Court.  Prefent  thefe  :  '*  and  is 
endorfed  in  cipher  by  Sir  Edward  himfelf. 


cc 


cc 


cc 


cc 


cc 


*  The  words  in  Brackets  are  interlined  in  the  handwriting 
of  Nicholas. 


§  XVI.     Midnight  Viftt  to  the  City. 


^S9 


Right  Honorable, 

"  The  Clocks  att  Whitehall  laft  night  went  Whitehall 
to  late.     The  nighte  was  further  fpent  than  hind  the 
they  fhewed.     My  Lo.    Major  was  in  his^™^. 
bedd  before   I  came  thither.     Yet  I  fpake 
w^**    him    &    delivered    the    Letter :     this 
morning  he  will  call  the  fherifFs  to  him  & 
open  it.     This  enclofed  is  a  copie  of  the  Antici- 
Order  of  the  Houfe  w^^»  was  brought  unto  deputation 
him   by  Alderman    Pennington  and  Capf^^^om 
Venn,  who  did  much  enlarge  themfelves  in  mons. 
difcourfe  thereupon,  intimating  great  feares, 
but  kept  themfelves  in  fuch  generall  termes, 
as  the  Order  is,  that  their  meanings  were  not 
eafilie  to  be  known.     I  was  till  One  of  the  Pad  mid- 
clock    aboute    the    Tower,   and    found  all  ^^^  ^  ^^ 
places  very  well  guarded,  &  the  tumultuous  Tower, 
rout  difperfed.     If  the  King  upon  fight  of 
this   Order  Ihall  dired  anything  otherwife 
than  lafl  night,   my  man  fhall    attend    to 
receive  y"*"  cofhaunds   &  bring   it  privatly 
to  me.     In  the  meanetime  1  fhall  this  morn- 
ing purfue  yefterday  nighte's  direftion,  and  Any  fur- 
then  attend  you  w^''  an  Account  of  my  pro-  ^^^^/^"" 
ceedings  who  fhall  and  [ever]  remaine 

"  Y*"  humble  fervant 

'^  Strand ^h  Jan.  1641."  ''JOHN  LaTCHE." 


Doubtlefs  much  was  left  unfaid  in  that 
letter,  but  what  is  faid  leaves  it  fufficiently 
clear  that  the  members  for  London  had  in- 


cc 
cc 

(C 
(C 

cc 
cc 
cc 
cc 
cc 
cc 

cc 
cc 
cc 
cc 
cc 
cc 
cc 

(C 

cc 
c  c 
cc 
cc 
cc 


fvate  com- 
mands ? 


i6o 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 


§  XVII.      Morning  of  the  \th  of  January, 


i6i 


Inferences  fplred  the  Lord  Mayor  with  a  falutary  general 
a^'em's  f^^^j  which  they  were  careful  not  to  weaken 
letter.  by  a  too  great  explicitnefs.  So  the  Court 
emiflary  was  fain  to  betake  himfelf  to  the 
Prepara-  Towcr,  to  fee  at  leaft  that  the  Guards  were 
tionsfor    ^ij  j^i     {-^t-  ^^^  maintained  about  the  great 

the  mor-  J  ,         ,,     ,  •  n  j  •   ^ 

row.  fortrefs.  But  why  all  this  myftery  and  anxiety, 
why  thefe  untimely  vifits  and  alarms,  if  there 
were  not  expedled  to  arife  upon  that  January 
midnight  a  morning  fraught  with  iflues  for 
good   or    ill  of  an    unufual    and    important 

nature  ? 

Nor  did  it  indeed  fall  Ihort  of  fuch  ex- 
peAation.  As  much  as  any  day  in  the  long 
courfe  of  our  varied  and  noble  hiftory,  did 
mbraay.  this  memorable  day  of  the  4th  of  January, 
1641-2,  contribute  to  turn  the  balance  of 
events  in  favor  of  popular  freedom. 

§  XVII.     Morning  of  the  4TH  of 

January. 

Houfe  of  It  was  early  in  the  morning  when  D'Ewes 

Com-  entered   the  Houfe  ;  but  Lord   Falkland  had 

rrrkland  already  reported  the  King's  reply  to  their  mef- 

i^P°?  fage  of  the  preceding  night,  to  the  effed  that 

King  so  r  o        o  •         t_   r 

meflage.  he  would  fend  an  anfwer  that  morning  before 
the  Houfe  was  fet.  Still  the  anfwer  was 
delayed,  and,  fhortly  after,  D'Ewes  took  his 
feat.  Mr.  Alexander  Rigby,  the  member  for 
Wigan,  a  lawyer  of  Gray's  Inn  who  afterwards 
fat  upon  the  trial  of  the  King,  then  rofe  and 


made  fomefiornificant  comments  on  his  Maiefty's  Motion  as 

.  .  .  .  p   ^o  King  s 

promifed  anfwer,  in  connection  with  certain  mei-  tampering 
fages  which  he  alleged  to  have  been  fent  round  ^f  comt! 
to  the  Inns  of  Court  on  the  previous  night,  with 
copies  of  the  articles  of  impeachment,  and  with 
injunctions  to  the  gentlemen  there  ^^to  be  in 
^*  readinefs  this  day  to    attend  at  Whitehall, 
*^  and  to   be  ready  at  an  hour's  warning  to 
^'  defend  his  Majefty's  perfon."  *     Mr.  Rigby  Four 
clofed    with    a   motion,   which   was    adopted,  J^n^t^o  the 
that  four  members  of  that   Houfe,  alfo  mem-  Four  Inns, 
bers  of  the  Inns,  fhould  on  the  inftant  proceed 
thither,    and    afcertain   the  fads    by    perfonal 
inquiry. 

Then,  purfuant  to  the  Order  of  the  previous  Grand 
day,    the   Houfe    turned  itfelf  into  a  Grand  ^^^"^"'^^' 
Committee ;   and  Pym,  with   the  articles  of 
treafon  in  his  hand,  arofe.    He  read  the  charges 


*  Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  304  b.  Ludlow  has  a  chara6leriftic 
anecdote  and  illuftration  in  his  Memoirs^  (i.  21-22):  "  The 
'*  King,  finding  that  nothing  leis  would  fatilfythe  Pari*  than 
*'  a  thorow  corre61ion  of  what  was  amifs,  &  full  fecurity  of 
"  their  rights  from  any  violation  for  the  future,  confidered 
"  how  to  put  a  flop  to  their  Proceedings:  &  to  that  end 
"  encouraged  a  great  number  of  loofe  debauched  fellows 
**  about  the  town  to  repair  to  Whitehall,  where  a  conftant 
**  table  was  provided  for  their  entertainment.  Many  gentle- 
*'  men  of  the  Inns  of  Court  were  tampered  with  to  aflift  him 
**  in  his  defign,  and  things  brought  to  that  pafs  that  one  of 
**  them  faid  publicly  in  my  hearing — '  What !  (hall  we 
**  *  fuffer  thefe  fellows  at  Weftminfter  to  domineer  thus  ? 
"  *  Let  us  go  into  the  country,  and  bring  up  our  tenants  to 
"  *  pull  them  out.'  Which  words  not  being  able  to  bear, 
*'  I  queftioned  him  for  them  j  and  he,  either  out  of  fear  of 
**  the  public  juftice,  or  of  my  refentment,  came  to  me  the 
**  next  morning,  and  afked  pardon  for  the  fame :  which,  by 
*'  reafon  of  his  youth  &  want  of  experience,  I  pafled  by." 


The  table 
at  White- 
hall for 
gentlemen 
of  Inns  of 
Court. 


A  violent 

young 

lawyer. 


l62 


Pym  re- 
plies to 
articles  of 
treafon. 


Alhifion 
to  Straf- 
ford. 


Charge  of 
bringing 
over  the 
army  to 
the  Parlia- 
ment: 


Lefs  trea- 
fonable 
than  over- 
awingPar- 
liament  by 
army. 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

fucceflively,  admitting  frankly  that  they  ef- 
tablifhed  treafon  if  proved  :  but  he  fo  repeated 
them,  to  that  eager  and  excited  audience,  as 
with  the  higheft  art  of  the  orator  to  ftrike 
heavily  againft  the  Court  itfelf  with  the  very 
weapons  aimed  at  the  accufed.  **True,  Mr. 
^'  Speaker,"  he  faid,  ^'  this  prefent  Parliament 
*'  hath  adjudged  it  treafon  to  endeavour  to 
**  fubvert  the  fundamental  laws  of  the  land." 
No  one  could  miftake  that  allufion.  *'  Sir, 
"  it  hath  likewife  been  voted  high  treafon  to 
^^  attempt  to  introduce  into  this  kingdom  a 
"  form  of  government  arbitrary  and  tyrannical." 
In  what  particular  feries  of  adls  of  State  and 
of  Council,  fuch  attempt  confifted,  the  Re- 
monftrance  had  lately  fpread  and  difFufed  all 
over  the  land.  ^*  Sir,"  he  added,  paufing  at 
the  third  article  which  charged  upon  them  the 
attempt  to  win  over  the  King's  Northern  army 
to  themfelves,  and  fo  pointedly  rewording  it  as 
to  bring  plainly  before  the  Houfe  the  recent 
proved  confpiracy  of  the  King's  fervants  to 
overawe  the  deliberations  of  Parliament  by 
means  of  that  very  army,  '^  Sir,  it  is  un- 
"  doubtedly  treafon  to  raife  an  army  to  com- 
'^  pel  any  Parliament  to  make  and  enad  laws 
^^  without  their  free  votes  and  willing  pro- 
*^  ceedings  therein."  A  cry  of  ftern  fatiffac- 
tion  broke  forth,  as  the  orator  fo  proceeded 
through  each  of  the  charges  of  treafon. 

Then,  ftill  earneftly  declaring  that  each,  if 


§  XVII.      Morning  of  the  \th  of  January, 


163 


eftablifhed,  might  well  juftify  the  laft  penalties 

of  its  high  offence,   with  a  Angular  vividnefs 

he    confronted  it  with  the   comment  of  the  Compari- 

particular    conduct    in    Parliament   to    which  vited. 

alone,  in  his  own  cafe,  it  could  poffibly  apply. 

With  fevere  fimplicity  he  confined  himfelf  to 

the  parallel  in  each  inftance,  and  he  employed 

not  an  unneceffary  phrafe  or  word.    Thus,  as 

to  the  fecond  article,   he  faid,  that  if  by  free 

vote  to  join  with  the  Parliament  in  publifhing 

a    Remonftrance    againft    delinquents  in    the  Avows 

State  ;  againft  incendiaries  between  his  Majefty  {-on  of' 

and  his  kingdom  :  againft  ill-counfellors,  who  Remon- 

^  .  .  ftranrc. 

labored  to  avert  his  Majefty's  affedlion  from 
Parliament ;  and  againft  ill-affeded  Biftiops 
for  their  innovations  in  religion,  their  oppref- 
fion  of  painful,  learned,  and  godly  minifters, 
their  vexatious  fuits  in  their  unjuft  courts, 
their  cruel  fentences  of  pillory  and  mutilation, 
their  great  fines,  baniftiments,  and  perpetual  Accepts 
imprifonments — \i  that  were  to  caft  afperfions  ^^^  s^'^^ 

■^         .  .  .  ^  and  re- 

upon  his  Majefty  and  his  government,  and  to  fponfibi- 
alienate  the  hearts  of  his  loyal  fubjedls,  good  ^^^* 
Proteftants  and  well-affeded  in  religion,  from 
their  due   obedience  to    his    Royal    Majefty, 
then  did  he  avow  himfelf  guilty  of  that  article. 
If  it  were  to  levy  arms  againft  the  King,  he  As  to 
continued,  to  confent  by  vote  with  the  Par-  ^ev^yi^g 
liament  to  raife  a  Guard  of  Trained  Bands  to  ^^"^f . 

againit 

fecure  and  defend  the  perfons  of  the  members  King. 

thereof,  being  environed  and  befet  with  many 

H  2 


164 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 


Appre-      dangers,  then  was  he  cruilty  alfo  of  that  ac51:  of 

hending  %       ^  ,  r       1  -r  •  1 

delin-       trealon.     And  further,  if  it  were  to  be  a  traitor, 
quents.      ^^  ^^^^^  ^^j^|^  ^j^^  ^j^j^f  Council  of  the  State 

in  apprehending  and  attaching  as  delinquents 

fuch  perfons   as  they  knew  to  be  difafFedled  to 

the  King*s  crown  and  dignity,  to  his  wife  and 

great  Council  of  Parliament,   to  the  pure  and 

Guilty  of  fimple   dodlrine    of  Chrift,    to  the   true   and 

Oirift'l"^  orthodox  government  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 

doariiie     land    as    eftablifhed    and  confirmed   by  many 

and  ortho-    .    _  r  -i-»     i«  •         1  •  r   tt 

doxchurch  Acts  ot  Farliament  in  the  reigns  ol  Henry, 
govern-     Edward,  and  Elizabeth  Tudor,  and  of  King 

ment,  ^  o 

James  of  blefled  memory,   in   that  refpecfl  alfo 
he  avowed  himfelf  to  be  guilty. 

Then,  in  conclufion,  having  thus  feparately 

contrafted,    under  the    feven  feveral  heads  of 

treafon,  his  acflions  with  the  accufations  againft 

Judgment  him,  Pym  craved  of  the  Houfe  that  it  ihould 

from  the    further  weigh  both    refpe6lively  in  the  even 

Houfe.      fcales  of  its  wifdom,  and  he  doubted  not  of 

being  found  altogether  clear  of  the  crimes  laid 

to  his  charge.      He  was  refuming  his  feat  amid 

*'  WeU^    loud  fhoutsof  ^'Well  moved,'' "Well  moved," 

when  he  flopped  a  moment,  again   advanced 

towards  the  Clerk's  table,  and,  while  a  fudden 

filence  fell  upon   the  Houfe,    humbly  craved 

Mr.  Speaker's  further  patience  to  offer  to  his 

A  further  confidcration,    whether   to  exhibit    articles  of 

nous  Qucf-  treafon  by  his  Majefty's    own   hands  in    that 

tion.         Houfe   agreed  with   the  rights  and  privileges 

thereof;  and  whether  for  an  armed  Guard  to 


S  XVII.      Morning  of  the  \th  of  January,  165 

befet  the  doors  of   the    Houfe    during    fuch  ^^asjj^ot^^. 
accufation   of  any   of  the    members  thereof,  privilege 
were  not  a  grave  breach  of  the  privilege  of  ^^^^. 
Parliament  ?     The  laft  queftion  had  a  pregnant  mitted  ? 
meaning  on  the  morning  of  this  eventful  day, 
but  its  full  fignificance  was  ftill  to  come. 

Upon  Pym  refuming  his  feat,  Hollis,  Hafel-  Hollis,.^^ 
rig,   and  Strode  rofe  afterwards  in  fucceflion,  ^nd  Strode 
and  in  the  brief  phrafe  of  D'Ewes,  -  protefted  d^efend 
'^  their    innocency."    Strode    further  declared  feives. 
his    belief  that    the    Impeachment   was    not 
direded  againft  them  upon  any  fuppofition  oi^^^^^^^ 
their  being  really  guilty  of  the  matters  charged, 
but  merely  to  compel  their  abfence  from  de- 
bate;     and   he   warned    the    Houfe,    that   if, 
under  pretence  of  trial,  they  were  to  be  arrefted 
and  taken  thence,  they  would  never  be  pro- 
ceeded againft  legally,  but  be  fimply  by  force 
cut   off.      Hafelrig   alone    expreffly    avowed  Ha^^^r.g's 
that   he   was  confcious  of  that   part    of  the 
charge  on    which  the  King  folely   relied   for 
any  veftige  of  evidence  in  proof  of  it.     After 
declaring    that   anything    in  the   nature  of  a 
hoftile  attack  aimed  againft  the  privileges  of 
Parliament,  conftituted  one  of  the  worft  kinds 
of  treafon,  or  of  attempts  to  fubvert  the  funda- 
mental laws,  he  averred  that  his  ads,  and  thofe  "^^^^^^^ 
of  the  gentlemen  with  him,  "particularly  with  to  Scottidi 
reference  to  Scotland,  had  been  in  perfed  ac-  ^'■^^^^^"• 
cordance,  upon  every  occafion,  with  votes  and 
refolutions  of  that  Houfe  ;  and  that  the  charge 


i66 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


Hampden 
I'peaks. 


Juftifies 
reiillance. 


Ill  and 
difloyal, 
good  and 
loyal,  fub- 
je6ls. 


Unaccuf- 

tonied 

emotion. 


of  promoting   tumults   and    infurredion  was 
utterly  groundlefs. 

Hampden  next  arofe.  His  fpeech  was  more 
ftriking  ;  it  was  indeed  Angularly  impreflive  ; 
and  in  the  fragment  afcertainable  yet  of  what 
acftually  was  faid  by  the  member  for  Bucks, 
there  is  afluredly  nothing  that  in  any  way  con- 
firms or  countenances  thofe  manifeft  interpola- 
tions in  the  publifhed  fpeech  attributed  to  him 
which  led  Mr.  Southey  to  charac5lerize  it  as  an 
avowal  of  flavifh  obedience!  It  might,  on  the 
contrary,  almoft  feem  as  though  his  tone  were 
expreflly  affumed  to  render  impofTible  any  fuch 
imputation.  As  if,  in  a  fingle  fentence,  he  would 
anticipate  and  overthrow  the  whole  miferable 
do(5lrine  of  Sir  Robert  Filmer  and  his  fol- 
lowers, Hampden  at  once  declared  to  the 
Houfe,  on  rifmg,  that  he  underftood  it  to  be 
the  fign  of  an  ill  and  a  difloyal  fubjedl,  if  a 
man  fliould  yield  obedience  to  the  commands 
of  a  King  when  thefe  were  againft  the  true  re- 
ligion and  againft  the  ancient  and  fundamental 
laws  of  the  land ;  whereas  a  good  and  a  loyal 
fubjed  was  he,  who,  to  a  King  commanding 
anything  againft  God*s  true  worfliip  and  reli- 
gion, or  againft  the  ancient  laws,  denied  obe- 
dience. One  feems  to  hear  that  calm,  clear 
voice,  troubled  and  fliaken  with  a  pafTion  to 
which  it  was  unaccuftomed,  in  this  plain  afTer- 
tion  of  the  doctrine  of  Refiftance. 

But  what,  then,  was  the  true  religion  ?     I 


§  XVII.     Morning  of  the  \th  of  January.  167 


find  it,  faid  Hampden,  in  my  Bible.       "  By  ^hej^e^^^ 

"  fearching  the  facred  writings  of  the   New  looked 

'^  and  Old  Teftament,  we  may  prove  whether  |;^f. ^^ue^ 

^'  our  religion  be  of  God  or  no,  and  by  look- 

«^  ing  in  that  glafs  difcern  whether  we  are  in 

*«  the   right  way  or  no.     In  thefe  two  Tefta-Thetwo 

\'  ments  are  contained  all  things  necellary   to  ^^^^^^ 

'^  falvation  ;  and  then  only  is  our  religion  true, 

«^  when  that  it  doth  hang  upon  this  truth  of 

*'  God,  and  no  other  fecondary  means.   Neareft  J{j^^^'°" 

''  thereunto  cometh  the  Proteftant  religion,  as  church 

''  I  really  and  verily  believe;  teaching  us  that^^''^^- 

*^  there  is  but  one  God,  one  Chrift,  one  faith, 

<^  one  religion,  which  is  the  Gofpel  of  Chrift 

''  and    the    doc5lrine    of    His   prophets   and 

<^apoftles.      That  other    religion,    therefore,  Bible 

"  which  ioineth  with  this  dodrine  of  Church  needful  to 

*'  and  His  apoftles  the  traditions  and  inven-  ^v^^°"- 

'^  tions  of  men,  ftrange  and  fuperftitious  wor- 

''  ftiipings,   prayers    to    the  Virgin  Mary,  to 

"  angels,  and  to  faints,  cringing  and  bowing 

<«  and  creeping  to  the  altar,  cannot,  I  fay,  be 

-true,  but  is  erroneous,   nay  devilifti.^     ^11  T^adj^^^^^^ 

**  which  being    ufed    and    maintained  in  the  ftitions 

''  Church  of  Rome  to  be  as  neceffary  as  the^"^^^^^- 

"  Scripture  to  falvation,  that  Church  is  there- 

''  fore  a  falfe  and  erroneous  Church,  both  in  Th^.^ 

*^  dodrine  and  difcipline — a  falfe  worfliiping  church 

"  of  God,  and  not  the  true  religion." 

Very  folemn  and  memorable  words  to  have 
been  fpoken  on  fuch  an  occafion,  containing  in 


i68 


A  creed 
to  live  by 
and  die 
for. 


Hamp- 
den's 
change  of 
bearing. 


Secrets  of 
his  charac- 
ter re- 
vealed. 


Waiting 
his  time. 


Charges 
by  Hyde 
and 
D'Ewes. 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members, 

themfelves,  and  promulgating  for  all,  not 
merely  a  creed  that  men  may  live  by,  but  a 
belief  they  will  cheerfully  die  for.  It  is  given 
to  few  among  the  fons  of  men  to  fee  the  future 
in  the  inftant,  but  Hampden  was  of  the  few. 
His  manner  at  this  eventful  time,  too,  gave 
added  weight  to  his  words,  which  appear  lefs 
to  have  imprefled  the  lighter  members  and 
Royalifts,  indeed,  this  particular  day,  than  the 
fudden  and  decifive  change  in  the  look  and  tone 
of  him  who  uttered  them.  The  mildnefs  had 
for  ever  pafled  away.  A  fixed  and  ftern 
refolution  had  replaced  the  old  conciliatory 
bearing,  and  now  truly  might  his  enemies  fee, 
what  Sir  Philip  Warwick  tells  us  the  fcurf 
commonly  on  his  face  {bowed  plainly  enough,* 
that  beneath  the  quiet  and  feeming  pafTion- 
lefs  felf-control  which  he  was  able  ordinarily 
to  aflume,  lay  a  very  fharp  and  acrimonious 
temper  of  the  blood. 

They  might  have  difcovered  or  Tufpeded 
it  before.  If  Hampden  had  not  until  now 
afTumed  this  uncompromifing  tone,  if  he  had 
not  earlier  fpoken  thus,  it  was  fimply  that 
before  now  the  need  had  not  fhown  Itfelf, 
and  the  time  for  fo  fpeaking  had  not  come. 
Clarendon  charges  him  with  begetting  many 
notions  the  education  of  which  he  committed  to 

•  In  fpeaking  of  his  death  at  Chalgrove.  The  hurt,  Sir 
Philip  fays,  was  not  in  itfelf  mortal  j  but  it  was  rendered  fo 
by  the  acrimonious  condition  of  his  blood,  *'  as  the  fcurfe 
"  commonly  on  his  face  ihewed." — Memoirs^  239. 


§  XVII.      Morning  of  the  4th  of  January.  169 

other  men,  and  with  leaving  his  own  opinions 

with  thofe  from  whom  he  pretended  to  learn 

and  receive  them.*     D'Ewes  attributes  to  him  '^.J^\ll''f 

a  "ferpentine  fubtlety  "  which  brought  any- tlety." 

thing  to  pafs  that  he  defired,  and  "  did  ftill  put 

"  others  to  move  thofe  bufmeffes  that  himfelf  ^^  ^^^^^ 

'' contrived."!     But    thefe,  as  on  a  former  and  preju- 

A'      A 

occafion   has   been  pointed  out,  are    the    im-jj^^, 
perfed  and  prejudiced  judgments  of  a  character  ments. 
whofe  very  ftrength  of  felf-reliance,  felf-con- 
tainment,  and  filence,   invited   that   kind    of 
mifconftrudion.      Upon  no  man  of  this  great 
period,  I  would  repeat,  are  fo  unmiftakeably 
imprefled    the    qualities  which   fet    apart    the 
high-bred  Englilh  gentleman,  calm,  courteous,  "^^^^^^^ 
reticent,   felf-poflefTed  ;  yet  with  a  perfuafive  was. 
force  fo  irrefiftibie,  and  a  will  and  energy  fo 
indomitable,  lying  in  thofe  filent  depths,  that 
all  who  came  within  their  reach  came  alfo  under 
their  control. 

Thefe  are  qualities  which  no  craft  however 
dexterous,  and  no  fubtlety  the  moft  ferpentine, 
can  in  any  manner  or  degree  fupply.     When 
Clarendon,  after  taxing  even  his  ingenuity  to  Admix- 
draw  a  bill  of  indidment  againft  Hampden,  ciaren- 
ends  by  fpeaking  of  him  as  not  only  a  very  ^o"- 
wife  man  and  of  great  parts,  J  and  who  laid  his 
defigns  deepeft,§  but  who  had  a  great  fagacity 


*  HiJI.  iv.  92 — 93. 

t  Harl.  MSS,  163,  f.  691  b. 

X  Hiji.  iv.  91. 


§  HiJi.  i.  323. 


170 


Higheft 
power  of 
ftatefman  • 
ftiip. 


A  leader 
and  gover- 
nor of 
men. 


Change  In 
Pym  as 
well  as 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members, 

in  difcerning  men's  natures  and  manners,  and 
was  poflefled  with  the  moft  abfolute  fpirit  of 
popularity,  that  is,  the  moft  abfolute  faculties 
to  govern  the  people,  of  any  man  he  ever 
knew  ;  *  he  aftigns  to  him  the  higheft  form 
of  power  a  ftatefman  can  pollefs.  The  richeft 
gifts  are  wafted  in  that  direc5lion,  wanting  this. 
To  make  the  fpoils  of  differing  intelledls  its 
own,  to  draw  ftrength  from  the  weaknefles  of 
men,  to  aflimilate  the  moft  varied  experiences, 
to  render  every  mind  it  touches  tributary,  is  to 
have  that  which  the  utmoft  accompliftiment  in 
eloquence,  in  learning,  or  in  public  affairs  will 
fail  to  give,  and  which  conftitutes  pre-eminently 
a  leader  and  governor  of  men. 

Nor  was  it  that  any  lefs  fupreme  temper, 
or  inferior  felf-command,  had  appeared  in 
Hampden  as  he  repelled  the  King's  charge 
of  treafon,  but  fimply  that  what  before  was 
not  called  for  had  become  neceftary  now,  and 
as  the  occafion  rofe  he  rofe  along  with  it. 
After  the  accufation  of  Treafon,  fays  the  hif- 
torian  of  the  Rebellion,  Mr.  Hampden  was 
much  altered;  his  nature  and  carriage f  feeming 


*  ////?.  iv.  91-92.  Again  (ii.  15)  he  fays  of  him  :  *' He 
**  hath  been  mentioned  before  as  a  man  of  great  underftanding 
**  and  parts,  and  of  great  fagacity  in  difcerning  men's  natures 
**  and  manners  j  and  he  muft  upon  all  occafions  ftill  be 
**  mentioned  as  a  perfon   of  great  dexterity  and  abilities,  and 

Equal  to     "  equal   to   any  trult  or  employment,  good  or  bad,  which  he 

anything.    "  was  inclined  to  undertake." 

f  This  is  undoubtedly  Clarendon's  word,  though  Mr. 
Hallam  ftrangely  mifquotes  it  as  "  courage."  Conj},  H'tjl,  ii. 
127. 


§  XVII.     Morning  of  the  \th  of  January. 


171 


much  fiercer  than  before.     So  alfo  did  he  fay  ^^^^^^^_ 
of  Hampden's  friend  and  fellow-labourer  Pym.  fation^of 
From  the  time,  too,  of  his  being  accufed  of*''^°"- 
high  treafon  by  the  King,  he  never  entertained 
thoughts  of  moderation,  but  always  oppofed  AH^^^^^ 
all  overtures  of  peace   and  accom.modation.*  of  mode- 
They  both  faw,  what  men  of  fuch  fagacity  could  ''^^^^ 
now  hardly  fail  to  fee,  that  the  armed  ftruggle 
was  at  hand,  that  it  muft  be  fought  out  to  its 
laft  iflue,  and  that  when,  in  defence  of  the  Law 
and  Religion  they  fo  prized,  the   fword  was  No  com- 
once  drawn,  the  fcabbard  muft  be  flung  away,  pofllble. 

And  fo,  to  the  clofeof  whatyet  remained  of 
the  lives  they  had  given  up  freely  to  their  coun- 
try, thefe  great  men  went  in  perfect  harmony  A  memo- 
together.     They  ftiared  the  fame  beliefs  and  [^J'J^'^, 
purpofes,   the   fame  hopes  and    refolves,   the  ft^ip. 
fame  enemies  and  friends,  in  common  to  the 
end.    Nor  was  it  otherwife  than  well,  remarked  Remark 

.     to  rlyde. 

Hampden  to  Hyde  when  they  next  met  m 
the  Houfe  after  the  incidents  of  this  4th  of 
January,  that  himfelf  and  Pym  ftiould  hereafter  Advan- 
know  who  were  their  friends.     The  trouble  knowing 
which   had  befallen   them    had   at   leaft    been  ^^^^^j^^^^^ 
attended  with  that  benefit ;    and  he  faid  alfo, 
^^  very  fnappiftily"  adds  Mr.  Hyde  (an  ex- 
preffion  that  reveals  himfelf  if  it  fails  to  exhibit 

•  Hifl.  iv.  441.     In  another"  paflage  he  fays  of  Pym  that  Pym 
"  though  in  private  defigning  he  was  much  governed  by  Mr.  greateft  in 
"  Hampden,  yet   he  feemed  to  all  men  to  have  the  greateft  Houfe  of 
"  influence    upon  the    Houfe  of   Commons   of  any   man.     Commons, 
iv.  438. 


172 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members, 


Confe- 
rence with 
the  Lords 
demanded. 


Impeach- 
ment de- 
nounced as 
a  fcan- 
dalous 
paper. 


Hampden 
and  Pym 
as  to 
**  diicre- 


tion  "  of  - 
Mr.  Hyde' 


"  Snap- 
pifhnefs  '* 
of  Mr. 
Hampden. 


Mr.  Hampden),  that  he  well  knew  Mr.  Hyde 
had  a  mind  they  fhould  both  be  in  prifon.* 

Such,  however,  was  not  the  mind   of  the 
Houfe  of  Commons.      Undaunted  amid  the 
perils  that  furrounded  them,  they  at  once  re- 
folved,  upon  the  laft  of  the  accufed  members 
refuming  his  feat,  to  defire  a  conference  with 
the  Lords  to  acquaint  them  that  a  fcandalous 
paper  had  been  publiflied,  and  to  require  their 
help  in  inftituting  inquiry  who  were  the  authors 
and  publifhers  of  the  faid  fcandalous  paper, 
to  the  end  that  they  might  receive  condign 
punifhment,     and     the     Commonwealth     be 
fecured  againft  fuch   perfons.     Th^/candalous 
paper  was  the  Articles  of  Impeachment  which 
the  King  had  publiflied  by  the  hands  of  his 
Attorney-General. 

*  This  anecdote  is  in  Hyde's  Life,  (i.  103),  and  his  mode 
ot  tellmg  It  IS  ftiil  to  mix  up  with  it  a  purpofcd  and  deliberate 
milreprelentation  of  the  real  matter  in  ifTue.  *'  Though 
r«  l^*^^'"  ^^  ^^^'^'  referring  to  Hampden  and  Pym,  "  had  a 
«  ^^"^»"  op'"'o»  o^  his  dilcretion   than  to  believe  he  had  any 

Ihare   m   the  advice  of  the  late  proceedings,  yet  they  were 
,,  yery  w,ij„,g  th^j  Qfjj^,.^  ^^^i^j  j^^jj^^^  .^  _  ^^j  ^^^^^^  ^jj  ^^^ 

^^  infufions  they  could  to  that  purpofe  amongft  thole  who  took 
u  n        op'">ons  from  them:  towards  which  his  known  friend- 
^^  lliip  with  the  Lord  Digby  was  an  argument  very  prevalent: 
and  then  his  oppofing  the  votes  upon  their  privilege    had 
^^  inflamed   them  beyond  their   temper ;   infomuch    as    Mr. 
"  Hampden  told   him    one  day,  that  the  trouble   that  had 
lately  befallen  them  had  been  attended  with  that  benefit 
that   they   knew   who  were  their  friends:    and  the    otheJ 
offering  to  fpeak  upon  the  point  of  privilege,  and   how 
monftrous  a  thing  it  was  to  make  a  vote  fo  contrary  to  the 
**  known  law,  he  replied  very  fnappifhly,  'that  he  well  knew 
*  he   had  a  mind  they  fliould   be  all  in  prilbn  j '  and  (o 
"  departed  without  flaying  for  an  anfwcr."     Hampden  might 
well  turn  upon  his  heel  and  move  filcntly  away,  for  reafons 
far  other  than  thole  imputed  to  him. 


§  XVII.     Morning  of  the  ^th  of  January.  IJ3 

Another    objedt    of    the    Conference     (of 
which  Fiennes,  Glyn,  the  younger  Vane,  and 
Hotham    were    named   managers),    D'Ewes 
adds,  was  to  call   immediate  attention   to  the 
King's  Guard  at  Whitehall,  as  not  the  lefs  alfo 
''  a  breach  of  our  privilege,"  and  interruption  ^^.^^^^^^^ 
to  the  freedom  of  debate.     This   is  the  firft  Guard  an 
hint  he   gives  of  any  immediate  alarm ;    and  J^^^'to  fr"ec 
though  there  is  little  doubt,  as  will  Ihortly  ap-  debate. 
pear,  that  Pym  had  received  notice  the  previous 
night  of  fome  fpecific  and  violent  defign  in 
contemolation,  he  was  not,  as  it  would  feem, 
made  aware  of  the  King's  refolve  to  take  part 
in  it  himfelf.*     Clarendon  fpeaks  of  a  com- 
pofednefs  appearing,  during  the  events  of  this  ^^^^^^^^ 
remarkable  day,   in  the  countenances  of  many  of  the 
who  ufed  to  be  difturbed  at    lefs    furprifing  [^^^/^^^^[ 
occurrences  ;  and  this  doubtlefs  was  an  indica-  mons. 
tion  that  the  Houfe  generally  had  been  placed 
upon  its  guard.     But  its  forced  calmnefs  was 
put  to  fevere  tefts.     "  It  was  now  generally 
"  declared,"  fays  D'Ewes,  "  that  there  was  a 
'^  great  confluence  of  armed  men  about  White-  Gather- 

-  mgs  or 

''hall,    and   that    between    thirty    and    forty  armed 
''  canoneers  went  yefternight  into   the   Tower  JJ^^"jj"^^^[^ 
''  at  ten  of  the  clock.     Alfo  that  the  Hamlet 
''  men,    who    were   to   be    ordinary    warders 
''  there,  had  no  arms  given  them:  but  that 
*^  the  Bifliops'  men  were  well  armed.f     Mr. 


*  Hiji,  ii.  128. 

f  Harl.    MSS.    162,  f.   304  b.      Ten    of  my  Lords  the 


174 

Pym 
moves  a 
deputation 
to  City. 


Deputa- 
tion de- 
parts. 


No  man 
to  know 
its  errand. 


Alarm 
ftiU  in- 
creafing. 


Adjourn- 
ment for 
an  hour. 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

'^  Pym  moved  that  we  might  fend  notice  of 
**  thefe  feveral  informations  and  dangers  into 
'^  the  city,  to  the  Lord  Mayor,  Aldermen, 
*^  and  Common  Council  there  afiembled,  and 
^^  to  let  them  know  in  what  danger  the  Par- 
"  liament  was :  all  which  was  ordered  accord- 
'^  ingly.***  And,  for  execution  of  the  order. 
Alderman  Sir  Thomas  Soame  was  joined  to  the 
two  members,  Pennington  and  Ven,  who  had  fo 
ably  difcharged  themfelves  of  the  meflage  of  the 
Houfe  on  the  preceding  day  ;  ''and  they  were," 
fays  D'Ewes,  *^  fent  inftantly  away  into  the 
City."  In  fuch  hafte,  indeed,  that  a  material 
point  was  forgotten.  "  After  they  were  gone 
"  out,  Mr.  Peard  "  (the  fame  who  moved  the 
printing  of  the  Remonftrance)  '^  was  fent  after 
"  them,  to  require  them  to  let  no  man  know 
'^  their  errand  till  they  came  into  the  City.*'f 
Still  there  were  members  anxious  that  more 
fhould  be  done,  as  the  rumour  of  what  was 
preparing  in  Whitehall  took  more  and  more 
palpable  fhape.  '^  Mr.  Nathaniel  Fiennes  and 
'^  others,"  fays  D*Ewes,  *'  moved  that  fome 
"  members  of  this  House  might  be  fent  to 
"  obferve  what  numbers  of  armed  men  were 
"  about  Whitehall,  and  to  know  by  what  au- 
*'  thority  they  were  affembled  there  :  but  this 
*^  order  was  not  fully  agreed  upon,  when  we 
"  adjourned  the  Houfe,  about  12  of  the  clock, 

Biftiops,   it  will  be   remembered,  were   at  this  time  lodged, 
with  of  courfe  all  due  attendance,  in  the  Tower.  ♦ 

•  Harleian  MSS.  i6z,  f.  305  b.  f  lb. 


§  XVIII.     Betrayal  of  the  Secret.  175 

"  till  one  of  the  clock  in  the  afternoon— for  an 
*'  hour's  fpace." 

§  XVIII.     Betrayal  of  the  Secret. 

Momentous  was  the  hour  during  which  A  mo- 
the  Houfe  thus  adjourned  its  fitting,  for  within  J^tervaT. 
that  brief  fpace  all  the  King's  intention  was 
betrayed.     Up  to  the  time  of  the  adjournment, 
grave  as  were  the  caufes  of  alarm,  and  the 
grounds  for  expedling  fome  ad  of  violence,  the      / 
circumftance  which  gave  its  utmoft  gravity  to      j 
the  outrage  contemplated  does  not  appear  to 
have  been  in  any   degree  fufpeded  even  re-      j 
motelv.     But  now  it  was  that  Lady  Carlifle  Lady  Car- 

-r>  L  !_       V        hue  be- 

managed   to   convey  to  rym   that  the  ivmg  trays  all 
meant  to    put   himfelf  at   the   head  of  thofe  ^^  ^y"^- 
Whitehall  defperadoes,  and  in  perfon  to  de- 
mand, and  if  neceffary  feize,  the  accufed  mem- 
bers as  they  fat  in  their  places  in  the  Houfe  of 
Commons.    D'Ewes  tells  us  that,  ''  this  day  at       . 
'^  dinner,'**  the  five  members  alfo  received  a      | 
fecret  communication  of  the  King's  intention  Private 
from  the  Lord  Chamberlain  of  the  houfehold,  Jvom  Lord 
Lord    Eflex,    with   advice    that   they    Ihould  E^^^- 
abfent  tliemfelves. 

Neverthelefs  that  does  not  appear  to  have 
been   their  firft  intention.      The  Speaker    re-  Houfe  re- 

,     .       /,         T^.-r-.  1  1  allembles  : 

fumed  his  chair,  fays  D  Ewes,  between  one  and  half-paft 
two  o'clock,  and  the  four  feleded  members  who,  <^"^- 

♦  Had.  MSS.  162,  f.  306  b. 


176 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 


Report 
from  Inns 
of  Court. 


Lincoln's 
Inn. 


King's 
meflage  to 
be  in 
readinefs 
this  day. 


As  prompt 
in  loyalty 
to  Com- 


mons. 


Same  from 

Gray's 

Inn. 


From  In- 
ner Tem- 
ple. 


by  order  of  the  Houfe  in  the  morning,  had  been 
difpatched  to  the  Inns  of  Court,  rofe  and  made 
brief  report  of  their  miflion.  Mr.  Richard 
Brown,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  the  member  for 
Romney,  ftated  ^^  that  he  had  done  the  mef- 
"  fage  of  the  Houfe  to  the  gentlemen  of  that 
^^  fociety,  whofe  anfwer  was,  that  they  had  at 
"  firft  gone  to  the  Court  laft  week  only  upon 
*^  occafion  of  a  report  brought  to  them  that 
'^  the  King's  perfon  was  in  danger :  That 
*'  yefternight  they  had  received  a  meflage  from 
*'  his  Majefl:y  by  Sir  W'"*  Killigrew  and  Sir 
<c  ^11).  FJeming,  that  they  fliould  keep  within 
"  this  day,  and  be  ready  at  an  hour's  warning 
"  if  his  Majefty  fhould  have  occafion  to  ufe 
"  them  :  That  they  brought  likewife  a  paper 
"  of  articles  to  them,  by  which  the  Lord 
*'  Mandeville  and  five  members  of  the  Houfe 
*^  of  Commons  were  accufed  of  High  Treafon  : 
**  That  they  had  only  an  intent  to  defend  the 
'^  King's  perfon,  and  would  likewife  to  their 
uttermoft  alfo  defend  the  Parliament,  being 
not  able  to  make  any  diftindion  between 
^^  King  and  Parliament :  And  that  they  would 
ever  exprefs  all  true  affedion  to  the  Houfe 
of  Commons  in  particular."  Mr.  William 
Ellis,  of  Gray's  Inn,  the  member  for  Bofton, 
next  rofe,  and  *^  made  the  like  relation  "  from 
that  fociety.  So,  from  the  Inner  Temple,  did 
Mr.  Roger  Hill,  member  for  Bridport,  and  who 
fat  afterwards  in  judgment  on  the  King.   And 


cc 


cc 


<c 


cc 


§  XVIII.     Betrayal  of  the  Secret . 


177 


fo,  finally,  did  Mr.  Philip  Smith,  member  for  and  from 
Marlborough,  report  from  the  Middle  Temple ;  Temple, 
with  the  difference  that  this  Society  fent  their 
reply  in  writing,  and  defired  it  fhould  be  added 
that  their  intention  to  defend  the  King's  perfon 
was  no  more  than  they  were  thereunto  bound 
by    the   oaths   of  allegiance   and    fupremacy. 
"  With  which  feveral  anfwers  from  the  Inns 
''  of  Court,"  D'Ewes  adds,   the  Houfe  refled  The 
exceedingly  well  fatiffied.  ^?^^f  ^^' 

^T-i_  r    X  tiified. 

Then  rofe  Nathaniel  Fiennes,  and,  in  proof 
that  the  royal  meflages  to  the  learned  focieties 
jufl  related  were  but  part  of  a  fcheme  which  was 
under  the  fame  diredion,  and  which  depended 
for  its  execution  on  the  armed  aflemblages  in  Armed 
the  vicinity  of  the  Houfe,   "  made  relation  '^T'^' 

,         1111  T  gathenng 

''  that  he  had  been  at  Whitehall,  and  had  afked  nearer. 
'^  of  one  of  the  officers  by  what  authority  they 
"  were  there  ailembled,  who  anfwered  that  they 
''  were  commanded  to  obey  Sir  W""  Fleming 
"  in  all  things  that  he  fhould  enjoin  them."  ' 
The  member   for   Banbury  was  flill   fpeaking  Re-en- 
when  Pym,  Hampden,   Hollis,  Hafelrig,  and  [['"pf^f 
Strode  entered   and  took  their  feats,  where-  Members, 
upon  the  Speaker  directed  it  to  be  entered  in 
the  Journals  that  they  had  done  fo.* 

Communication     was    now     made    to    thexheSecret 
Houfe  of  the  fecret  intelligence  received,  and  ^^i^clofed 
then  followed  a  debate,  brief  and  preffing,  but  Houfe. 

See  Commons'  Journals ^  ii.    368,   where  the   entry  ftill 
(lands. 


178 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members, 


i' 


acculed 
retire  or 
remain  ? 


A  new 

a6lor  on 
the  Icene. 


on  which  hung  certain  iflues  by  which  the 
future  deftinies  of  England  were  probably  de- 
Should  the  termined.  Should  the  accufed  retire,  or  wait 
the  King's  arrival  ?  Pym,  Hollis,  and  Hamp- 
den, confcious  of  all  the  danger,  appear  to 
have  been  for  quitting  the  Houfe,  Hafelrig  and 
Strode  for  remaining  ;  and  the  dffentients  were 
ftill  urging  reafons  againft  retreat  while  yet,  as 
they  argued,  no  pofitive  knowledge  was  before 
them  of  a  neceflity  for  abrupt  departure,  when 
a  new  adlor  came  fuddenly  on  the  fcene. 
Breathlefs  with  the  exertion  he  had  made  to 
reach  the  Houfe  rapidly,  to  which  end  he  had 
even  clambered  over  the  roofs  of  neighbouring 
buildings,*there  appeared  at  the  door  a  friend 
of.  Nathaniel  Fiennes,  an  officer  of  French 
birth  fettled  in  England,  by  name  Captain 
Hercule  Langres.  Fiennes  left  his  feat,  ex- 
changed fome  hafty  words  with  the  unexpefted 
vifitor,  and  immediately  pafled  up  to  Mr. 
Lenthal  Speaker's  chair  :  upon  which  Lenthal  rofe  and 
announces  abruptly  told  the  Houfe,  now  a  fcene  of  ex- 

King  s  ^      J  ^  ' 

approach,  traordinary  excitement,  that  the  King  already 
had  left  Whitehall  at  the  head  of  a  large 
company  of  armed  men,  and  was  approaching 
Weftminfter  Hall. 

Chronicler  *  Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  310  b.  Heath  fays  (Brief  C/ironicle, 
Heath.  p-  39)  that  Langres  was  a  lervantof  the  QjJecn.  He  declares 
allb  that  the  acculed  members  were  not  able  to  get  into  the 
City  on  the  night  ot  the  attempted  arreft,  Tuch  was  the  excite- 
ment prevailing  j  and  that  they  lay  hid  all  that  night  in  the 
King's  Bench  Court,  and  did  not  find  refuge  in  the  City  till 
next  day.  But  nothing  that  Heath  fays  is  worthy  of  credit 
unlefs  well  corroborated  by  better  tellimony. 


§  xix.      The  King's  Approach  to  the  Houfe. 


179 


This  clofed  debate.     The  motion  before  the  ^P^'^  ^^ 

Five 

Houfe  had  been,  that,  confidering  there  was  an  Members 
intention  to  remove  five  of  their  members  by  them-^^^ 
force,  to  avoid  all   tumult  let  them  be  com-  Selves. 
manded  to  abfent  themfelves  :  but  the  motion 
now  fubftituted,  and  at  once  affirmed,  was  that 
the  Houfe  give  their  members  leave  to  abfent 
themfelves,  but  enter  no  order  for  it.     ^^  It  was 
"  a  queftion,"  Hafelrig  afterwards  faid,  ^^  if  we 
^'  fhould  be  gone;  but  the  debate  was  fhortened, 
^^  and  it  was  thought  fit  for  us,  in  difcretion, 
^^  to  withdraw.     Away  we  went.     The  King  Away  to 
"  immediately  came  in,  and  was  in  the  Houfe  !^^  ^^^^ 

-'  by  water. 

*^  before  we  got  to  the  water, ''^  "     Not,  how- 
ever, until  violence  had  been  ufed.    For,  even  » 
then,  Strode,  "  crying  out  that  he  knew  himfelf 
'^  to  be  innocent,  and  that  he  would  ftay  in  the 
"  Houfe  though  he  fealed  his  innocency  with  stiod 


e  re- 


"  his  blood  at  the  door,*'t  had  to  be  dragged  f'^j'^""^  , 

.  ^^  dragged 

bodily  out  by  his  friend  Sir  Walter  Earle,  and  out. 
placed  in  the  barge  which  had  been  haftily  pro- 
vided, and  was  in  waiting  at  the  Weftminfter 
flairs. 

§  XIX.     The  King's  approach  to  the 

House. 

Meanwhile  Charles  and  his   companions  The 
had  well-nigh  reached  the  lobby  of  the  Houfe  attTn^d- 
of  Commons. 

In   the  declaration  of   breach  of  privilege 


ants. 


*  Burton's  Diary,  iii.  93. 
t  Harl,  MSS.  162,  f.  306  b. 


( 


N  2 


i8o 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 


As  to  their  fubfequentlv  iflued,  it  is  ftated  that  the  number 

number  _        ■*  "^ 

and  arms :  of  armed  men  who  accompanied  the  King  was 
five  hundred  :  nor  does  the  King,  in  his  reply, 
difpute  this,  though  he  alleges  that  his  own  atten- 
dants were  no  otherwife  armed  than  as  gentle- 
men with  fwords.  The  remark  pointed  only 
to  his  immediate  Guard  and  Penfioners  ;  but 
nothing  was  afterwards  more  diftindtly  proved 
than  that  the  bulk  of  the  force  who  followed  car- 
ried fire-arms  as  well.     Here  are  the  witnefT^s. 

r/sir"""^      Sir    Ralph    Verney   ftates,   that,  befide   his 

Ralph  ufiial  Guard  and  all  his  Penfioners,  his  Majefty 
was  attended  by  two  or  three  hundred  foldiers 
and  gentlemen.*  Rufli worth  makes  the  fame 
difl:indlion  between  the  royal  guard  of  pen- 
fioners and  halberdiers,  and  the  mifcellaneous 
company  who  followed,  and  who  conftituted 
the  famous  (or  infamous)  Whitehall  Guard,of 
commanders,  Reformadoes,t  and  foldiers  of 
fortune.^  Ludlow,  who  might  himfelf  have 
been  (and  probably  was)  an  eye-witnefs,  fays 
that  Charles  went  attended  not  only  with  his 
ordinary  guard  of  penfioners,  but  alfo  with 
thofe  defperadoes  that  for  fome  time  he  had 
entertained    at  Whitehall,    to   the   number  of 

^^,        three  or  four  hundred,  armed  with  partizans, 

Ot  Tho-        /-J  j-ni  Tv>r  \r 

mas  May :  iwords,   and  piltols.§     May,  alfo  a  good  au- 


Verney , 

ofRu/li 
worth : 


of  Liitl 
low  : 


Refor- 
madoes. 


•  Notes,  p.  158. 

f  A  Reformado  was  an  officer  of  a  company  difbanded, 
but  whofe  own  fervicos  had  been  retained  as  ftill  belonging  to 
the  regiment  of  which  his  company  had  formed  part. 

X  Hiji.  Coll.  part  III.  1.  4.77.  §  Memoirs ,  i.  24.. 


§  XIX.     The  Kings  Approach  to  the  Houfe, 


181 


thority,  puts  down  "  the  gentlemen  foldiers 
"  and  others  armed  with  fwords  and  piftols  '' 
who  were  in  immediate  attendance  on  the 
King,  at  the  number  of  about  three  hundred.* 
The  wife  of  Colonel  Hutchinfon,  implicitly  to  of  Mrs. 
be  truflied  as  a  witnefs,  vouches  likewife  for  the  ^^^ . 
numbers  that  attended  Charles  as  not  lefs  than 
four  hundred  armed  gentlemen  and  foldiers. f 
D'Ewes,  who  (hows  the  reverfe  of  any  wifli  and  of 

•  D  JEwes 

to  exaggerate  the   circumftances,  defcribes  the 

attendant  company  as  compofed  of  '^fome  offi- 

"  cers  who  ferved  in  his  Majefty's  late  army  and 

''  fome  other  loofe  perfons,  to  the  number  of      \ 

'^  about  fome  four  hundred. "J   Yet  Clarendon,  Clarendon 

writing   at  a  time  when  he  had  little  need  to  ^^^^  ^n . 

fear  contradidion,  has  the  inconceivable  aflur- 

ance  to  afk  even  his  readers  to  believe,  that  it 

was  "  vi/iMe  to  all  men  that  the  King  had  only  relating 

'^  with  him  his  Guard  of  halberdiers,  and  fewer  u  ^.'jfibie 

'^  of  them   than  ufed  to  go  with  him  upon  ^^  ^^^•" 

'^  any  ordinary  motion  ;  and  that  fewer  of  his 

''  gentlemen  fervants  were  then  with  him,  than 

''  ufually  attended  him  when  he  went  but  to 

*^  walk  m  the  park,   and  had  only  their  little 

''  fwords  !  '*  ^ 

But  let  us  further  hear  Captain  Slingfby  on 
this  point,  which   goes  indeed  to  the  root  of  SHngfby's 

•f  ■'  T-»         •  1^     account  to 

the  matter.     Writing  to  Pennmgton  on  the  Ptnning- 


*  Hifl,  lib  ii.  cap,  ii.  21. 

f  Col.  Hutchinfon's  Memoirs^  76. 

X  HarL  MSS,  162,  f.  306  a.        §  HiJi,  ii.  137-138. 


l82 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 


ton 


zens. 


6th  of  January,*    the  fecond   day   after   the 
^'y/''''""  attempted  arreft,  he  makes  fpecial  mention  of 
'^  the  multitude  of  gentry  and  foldiers  that  had 
''  lately  flocked  to  the  Court."     Never  in  his 
life,  he  remarks,  had  he  feen  it  fo  thronged  as  it 
Armed      then  was  :  and  the  efFedl  had  been  to  fuch  an  ex- 
guards  at  ^^^^  ^^  terrify  the  Citizens,  that  they  no  longer 
halK  '       appeared  about  Whitehall,  from  apprehenfion  of 
the  rough  entertainment  theywere  like  to  receiye 
if  they  came  again.      But,   he  fays,  after  thus 
defcribing    the   armed   crowds    in  the   King's 
Terror       palace,  there  had  fuddenly  arifen  fomething  to 
uolible  of  breed  expectation  of  troubles  far  tranfcending 
theCiti-    anything    caufed    by   the    Weftminfter    Hall 
tumults  ;  and  then,  he  continues,  '^  all  partes 
"  of  the  Court  being  thronged  with  gentlemen 

*   MS.  State  Paper  Office.      The  letter  is  dated,  in  rnani- 
feft  error,  the  6th  of  December.     It  opens  with  the  fubjoined 
account  of  the  articles  of  impeachment,  as  handed  in  the 
preceding  day.       "  On    Monday  lad  the  King's  Attorney 
*'  did  impeach  the   Lord  Mandevill,  and   Mfi'"  Pirn,  Hollis, 
''  Strovvd,  Hamden,  &  S'  Arthur  Hallrigge,of  High  Treafon, 
"  in  the  Upper  Houfe.     The  iumme  ot  the  articles  were  fub- 
*'  verting  the  fundamentall  lawes,  placing  fubie6\s  in  arbitrary 
**  &   tirannicall  government,   calling   in  a  forraigne  army, 
**  endeavouring  to  draw  the  King's  army  from  his  obedience, 
'*  depriving  the  King  of  his  royall  power,  laying  fals  afper- 
"  fions  againft  the  King  to  make  him  odious,   countenancing 
"  tumults  againft  the  King  &  Parliament,  forcing  the  Parlia- 
*'  ment  by  terror  to  joyne  vvitli  them,  fubverting   the   rights 
**  &  very  beingj  of  Parliaments,  pra6lifing  to   rayfe  warre  & 
*'  aflually  rayfmg  warr  againft  the  King  :  This  charge  was 
"  fent  downe  to  the  CoiTions  houfe,  who  received  it  with  the 
*'  tearme  of  a  fcandalous  paper.     A   Serieant-at-Armes  fent 
*' likewile  to  attach  them,  but  was   refufed.     Their  cloiTetts 
**  by  the  King's  comaund  fcaled  up,  but  the   fame  night,  by 
"  order  from  the  Houfe,  opened  agalne  :  the  next  day  fome  of 
**  them,  notwithftanding  their  impeachment,  came  and  fatt  in 
"  the  Houfe.'* 


Slingftjy 
defcribes 
impeach- 
ment : 


members' 
fitting  in 
Houle 
notwith- 
ftanding. 


§  XIX.     T/te  King's  Approach  to  the  Houfe.  183 

"  and  officers  of  the  army,  in  the  afternoone 

"  the    King    WENT    WITH  THEM  ALL,  his  OWn  Sling%  ^ 

"  Guard,   and     the    Penfioners  :  "    expreffly  King's 
adding    that    by  far    the    moft  part,  among  --P^"y- 
whom  he  then  and  there  had  taken  his  own 
place,  were  "  arm'd  with  fwords  and  piftoUs." 
Such    was   Hyde's  innocent  party,  and   their  How  mno- 
harmlefs  accoutrement,  when  they  fet  out  on  ar^ed. 
this  famous  expedition ! 

Peaceful  and  innocent  as  they  were,  how- 
ever, with  their  "  little  fwords,"  as  Mr.  Hyde 
ingenuouily   defcribes     them,    in    their    brief 
journey  from  Whitehall  they  had  managed  to  Dl/may 
carry  difmay  at  every  ftep  ;  and,  as  they  neared  approach. 
Weftminfter  Hall,  D'Ewes  tell  us,  "  it  ftruck 
"  fuch  a  fear  and  terrour  into  all  thofe  that 
"  kept  (hops   in  the  faid  Hall,  or    near   the 
«  gate  thereof,  as  they  inftantly  (hut  up  their  Shops  (hut 
«'  {hops,   looking  for  nothing  but  bloodftied 
' '  and  defolation."*      Having  reached  the  gate, 
the  armed  band  formed  fuddenly  into  a  lane, 
ranging    themfelves   on  either  fide  along   the 
whole    length    of   the    Hall;     and    Charles,  The  King 
paffing  through  this  lane,  and  entermg  the  door  ,h,ough 
at  the    fouth-eaft    angle,   afcended    the   ftairs  weftmin- 
into  the  Commons'  Houfe.     His  armed  com- 
pany  clofed  up,   and  as   many  as  could  prefs 
in  crowded  after  him.     The  King's  command 
had  been,  according  to  Sir  Ralph  Verney  and 

*  Hart.  MSS.  i6z,  f.  310  a. 


184 


Lobby  of 
Houle  of 
Commons 
fuddenly 
filled. 


Armed 
men  Hill 
prefs  from 
without. 


Charles 
enters  the 
Houfe 


wliere 
never  king 
was  but 
once. 


Voice  of 
Charles 
heard  as 
he  enters. 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

Captain  Slingfby,  himfelf  one  of  the  company, 
that  the  great  body  fhould  ftay  in  the  Hall  ; 
but,  fays  D'Ewes,  '*  his  Majefty  coming  into 
"  the  lobby,  a  little  room  juft  without  the 
^^  Houfe  of  Commons,  divers  officers  of  the 
^'  late  army  in  the  North,  and  other  defperate 
*^  ruffians,  preffed  in  after  him  to  the  number 
^^  of  about  four  fcore,  befides  fome  of  his 
"  penfioners.""'^  Captain  Slingfby's  accoujit 
quite  bears  out  D'Ewes.  '^  When,"  he  writes,t 
*^  we  came  into  Weftminfter  Hall,  w'^''  was 
'^  thronged  with  the  number,  the  King  com- 
*^  manded  us  all  to  ftay  there  ;  and  himfelfe, 
"  with  a  fmall  trayne,  went  into  the  Houfe  of 
'^  Commons,  where  never  King  was  (as  they 
"  fay),  but  once  King  Elenry  the  Eight." 

§  XX.  The  House  Entered  by  the  King. 

Within  the  Houfe,  meanwhile,  but  a  few 
minutes  had  elapfed  fince  the  Five  Members 
departed,  and  Mr.  Speaker  had  received  in- 
ftrudlion  to  fit  ftill  with  the  mace  lying  before 
him,  when  a  loud  knock  threw  open  the  door, 
a  rufti  of  armed  men  was  heard,  and  above  it 
(as  we  learn  from  Sir  Ralph  Verney)  the 
voice  of  the  King  commanding  '^  upon  their 
*^  lives  not  to  come  in."  J  The  moment  after, 
followed  only  by  his  nephew  Charles,  the  Prince 

*  Harl,  MSS.  iGz,  f.  306  b. 

t  MS.  State  Paper  Office.     Slingfby  to  Pennington,  6  Jan. 


164.1-2. 


X  Notes  J  p.  139. 


§  XX.     The  Houfe  entered  by  the  King. 


185 


(C 


cc 


Eledor  Palatine,  Rupert's  eldeft  brother,  he 
entered  ;  but  the  door  was  not  permitted  to  be 
clofed  behind  him.    Vifible  now  at  the  threfliold,  Armed^^ 
to  all,  were  the  officers  and  defperadoes  above  ^^fible 
named,  of  whom,  D'Ewes  proceeds,  ^^fome  had  o^^^^^e. 
"  left  their  cloaks  in  the  Hall,  and  moft  of  them 
were  armed  with  piftols    and    fwords,  and 
they  forcibly  kept  the  door  of  the  Houfe  of  Door  kept 

■^  r->  "TT-j*/!^     torcibly 

<«  Commons  open,  one  Captani  Hide  Itand- ^^^^^^ 
''  ing  next  the  door  holding  his  fword  upright 
"  in  the  fcabbard :  "  t  a  pidure  which  Sir 
Ralph  Verney,  alfo  prefent  that  day  in  his 
place,  completes  by  adding  that  "  fo  the 
''doors  were  kept  open,  and  the  Earl  of Captam^^ 
«'  Roxborough  ftood  within  the  door,  leaning  LordRox- 

.     ,,   .  borough. 

'^  upon  It.    X 

As  the  King  entered,  all  the  members  rofe 

♦  This  Captain  Hide,  who  thus,  holding  his  fword  upright  Captain 
in  its  fcabbard,  fignified  his  and  its  readinefs  that  day  for  any  Hide: 
defperate  deed,  was  the  fame  David  Hide,  "  a  Reformado  in  the 
*'  late  army  againft  the  Scots  and  now  appointed  to  go  in  fome 
"  command  into   Ireland"  (Rujjnvort/i,  part  iii.  vol.  i.  4-63), 
who,  upon  that  difalhous  day  of  the  Lunfford  tumults  which 
had  its  appropriate  iflue  in  the   firft  blood  (hed  in  this  Great 
Civil  War  (that  of  Sir  Richard  Wifeman,  a  London  Citizen, 
mortally  hurt  on  the  27th  December),  took  a  leading  part  in  the  Piominent 
conflia  in  Weftminfter  Hall,  *' buffled  "   againft  the   Citizen  in  Weft- 
apprentices  whom  the  hot  Welfti  wrath  of  Archbiftiop  Williams  minfter 
had  efpecially  p. evoked,  and,  drawing  his  fword  with  an  oath,  tumults  : 
faid  "  he'd  cut  the  throats  of  thofe  Round-headed  Dogs  that 
«'  bawled  againft  Biftiops:"  which  paifionate  expreifions  ot  his, 
Rufhworth   remarks,  ''as  far  as  I  could  ever  learn,  was  the 
"  fii-ft    miniting"  [minting,   or  coinage]    **  ot  that  term    or 
*' compilation    of   Roundheads   which    afterwards    grew    fo 
"general.'^     (See    ante,    63,    137).      Hide   was   afterwards  Cafhiered 
caftiiered   from    his    Irifh    command   by   the   Houle,   but   he  and  re- 
reappeared   in   Merrick's  Regiment  during  the  Civil  War.—  appointed. 

See  RuJIinvort/i,  iii.  1247. 

f  HarL  MSS.  i6a,  f.  307  a.  X  ^°^^^y  P-  ^39- 


i86 


Members 
rife  and 
uncover. 


A  crowd 
of  bare 
faces. 


Charles 
turns  to  a 
well- 
known 
feat : 

miTes  Mr. 
Pym: 


paffes  up 
to  Speak- 
er's chair: 


clofe  by 
D'Ewes's 

feat. 

Stands  on 
Itep  of 
Lenthal's 
chair. 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

and  uncovered,  and  the  King  alfo  removed  his 
hat  ;   and  it  would  not   have   been  eafy,  fays 
Rufhworth,  to  difcern  any  of  the  five  mem- 
bers,  had  they  been   there,   among    fo   many 
bare  faces  ftanding  up  together.      But   there 
was  One  face,  among  the  Five,  which  Charles 
knew  too  well  not  to  have   fingled   out  even 
there  ;  and  hardly  had  he  appeared  within  the 
chamber,  when  it  was  obferved  that  his  glarure 
and  his   ftep  were  turned  in  the   direction  of 
Pym*s  feat  clofe  by  the  Bar.     His  intention, 
baffled  by  the  abfence  of  the  popular  leader, 
can  only  now  be  guefled  at :   but,  Rufhworth 
adds,  ^'  his  Majefty,  not  feeing  Mr.  Pym  there, 
^^  knowing  him  well,  went  up  to  the  chair/'* 
We  all,  fays  D'Ewes,  flood  up  and  uncovered 
our    heads,    and   the    Speaker    ftood   up  juft 
before  his  chair.      *^  His  Majefty,  as  he  came 
**  up  along  the  Houfe,  came  the  moft  part  of 
*^  the  way  uncovered,   alfo    bowing  to  either 
"  fide  of  the  Houfe,  and  we  all  bowed  again 
*^  towards  him,  and  fo  he  went  to  the  Speaker's 
"  chair    on  the  left  hand   of  it,   coming   up 
*^  clofe  by  the  place  where  I  fat,  between  the 
*'  fouth  end   of  the    Clerk's  table  and  me/'f 
As  he  approached  the  chair,  Lenthal  ftepped 
out  to  meet  him  ;  upon  which  ''  he  firll:  fpake," 
fays  D'Ewes,  faying,    '' Mr.  Speaker,  I  muft 
"  for   a    time    make    bold  with  your  chair." 


•  Hij}.  Coll.  III.  i.  477. 

t   Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  306  a. 


§  XX.     The  Houfe  entered  by  the  King, 


187 


And  then  the  King  ftepped  up  to  his  place  Loo^k^^^ 
and  ftood  upon  the  ftep,  but  fat  not  down  m  ^re  he 
the  chair.     And  after  he  had  looked  a  great  ^P-^^- 

while,  he  fpoke  again. 

A  break  here  occurs  in  the  narrative  of  Break  m 

...  iidiid- 

D'Ewes.     His  relation  for  a  while  is  inter-  tive  of 

rupted  ;  and  a  note  afterwards  written,  ^  ^     • 
-     and  fubftituted  for  it,  refers  us  to  what 
was   ''  taken  in  charaders  by  the  Clerk's 
<'  afliftant."      Perhaps  the  only^  P^^^^^  ^oveT" 
wholly  quiet  and    unmoved  during    the  fpeaator 
extraordinary  fcene,   unlefs  it  were  that^^^^^^^e 
moft  impafTive  of  note-takers,  Sir  Simonds 
himfelf,  was  this  lately  appointed  Clerk's 
afliftant,  young  Mr.  RuOiworth,  who  was  l^^^^^^^ 
obferved,  as  he  fat  at  the  Clerk's  table,  worth, 
bufily  taking  down  the  words  of  the  King, 
as  they  broke  upon  the  fuUen  and  "  awe- 
*'  full "  filence.  His  report,  drawn  out  in  His  report 
the  evening  by  command   of  the  King,  f^ription 
who    had    noticed   him   writing    at   thei^ntforby 
table,  was  publiftied  in  a  broadfide  next 
morning,  and  D'Ewes,  finding  the  King's 
words  therein  more  exactly  given  than  by 
himfelf,  makes  a  reference  in  his  Journal 
to  thofe  parts  of  it ;  but  his  Majefty  had  Important 

Lu   Liiwx     ^  ,  J       /  _    correftions 

diredled  an    omifllon  which    D  li^wes    is  ^.^de 
careful  to  fupply  in  his  own  record,  and  therein, 
only  a  portion  of  which  (the  words  fpoken 
by  Lenthal)  we  find  Ruftiworth  to  have 
appended  in  after  years   to  the  account 


i88 


Copy  fo 
corre(5led 
in  State 
Paper 
Office: 


a  help  to 
more  vivid 
reproduc- 
tion of  the 
fcenc. 


The 
King's 
f'peech  to 
theHoufe. 


Kufli- 

worth's 

report  of 

thelpccch, 

corrected 

by 

Charlcsv 


Jrreft  of  the  Five  Members, 

preferved    in    liis    Colkaionsr      But,  in 
addition   to  what   is   fo    fupplied    by    the 
manufcript  Journal  of  D'Ewes,   I   have 
been  fortunate  enough  to  find,  in  the  State 
Paper    Office,    what    appears    to    be  the 
original  copy   of  Rufhworth's   report  of 
what    was    faid    by  the  King,   as    taken 
during   the  evening  to   the    palace    and 
correfted   by    Charles  ;    and,  though^the 
correflions,    trivial   in   themfelves,    ferve 
chiefly  to   fhow  the  accuracy  with  which 
Rufliworth  had  taken  his  notes,  the  era- 
fures  yet  enable  us  exadlly  to  mark  the 
charadleriftic  breaks  that    occurred,    and 
more  vividly    to    reproduce    the   adlual 
fcene.f 

''  Gentlemen,'*  faid  Charles,  ''  I  am  forry 
'^  for  this  occafion  of  coming  unto  you.  Yef- 
''  tcrday  Ifent  a  Serjeant-at-Arms  upon  a  very 
''  important  occafion  to  apprehend  fome  that 
"  by  my  command  were  accufed  of  High 
''  Treafon  ;  whereunto  I  did  exped  obedience, 

•   HiJ}.  Coll,  III.  i.  477-8. 

t  I  iubjoin  an  accurate  copy  of  the  portions  in  which  the 
material  correaions  or  erafures  occur,  with  the  latter  printed 
in  faciimile  :  ^ 

that  albeit 
I  muft  declare  unto  you  here,  noe  king  that  ever  was  in 

England,  fliall  bee  more  Carefull  (of  yo'  priviledges) 


mentaine  them  to  the  uttermoft  of  his  power  then  I  fhall 
be 

fe#-cWr    Yet  you  muft  know  y'  in   Cafes  of  Treafon   noe 
A 

perfon  hath  a  priviledge.     And  therefore  I  am  come   to 


§  XX.     'The  Hotife  entered  by  the  King. 


189 


''  and  not  a  meflage.      And  I  muft  declare  Expefts 

1  11     •  IT-  -..L    .  traitors  to 

'^  unto    you   here,  that    albeit  no  King  that  be  de. 
^^  ever  was  in  England  fhall  be  more  careful  ^^J^^^;^? 
*^  of  your  privileges,  to  maintain  them  to  the 
'^  uttermoft    of  his    power,  than  I  ftiall  be, 
*'  yet  you  muft  know  that  in  cafes  of  Treafon 

know,  If  any  of  thofe  perfons  that  were  accufed  are  here. 

Theh\cafting  his  eyes  upp\n  all  the  Members  in  Vie  Houfe  Erafure  by 
\  \  \  the  King, 

faid,  l\doe  not  fee  any  of  \hem ;  I  thlnke  I  (houkl  know 

them. 

For  I  muft  tell  you  Gent"*  that  foe  long  as  thofe  perfons  that 
I  have  accufed  (for  noe  flight  crime,  but  for  Treafon) 
are  here,  I  cannot  expe6l  that  this  Houfe  can  bee  in  the  right 
way,  that  I  doe  heartily  wifh  it :  Therefore  I  am  come  to 
tell  you,  that  I  muft  have  them,  wherefoever  I  finde  them. 

Then 


fjave  an 

o 


kis 

niYv'( 


quiry 
Pym 
» erafed. 


the 


Well,  fince  I  fee  all  m^  Birds  are  flowen  I  doe  expert  from 

you,  that  you   fliall   fend  them   unto  mee  as  foone  as  they 

but  afteure 
returne  hither :  I  muft  ti^ll  you  in  the  word  of  a  king  I  never 

did  Intend  any  force,  but  fliall  proceed  ag*  them  In  a  legall  & 
faire  way  ;  for  I  never  intLiidcd  any  other. 
And  now  fmce  I  fee  I  cannot  doe  what  I  came  for.  I 
thlnke  this  is  noe  unfitt  occafion  to  Repeat  what  I  have  laid 
formerly  that  whatfoever  I  have  done  in  favour/jandto  the 
good  of  my  fubjei^s  I  do  meane  to  mentaine  it. 


190 

Are 

the  Five 
Members 
in  the 
Houfe? 


No  reply, 


Nothing 
will  be 
well  till 
accufed 
are  fur- 
rendered. 


Muft  have 
them. 


Painful 
hefitation 
and 
effort. 


Addition 
fupplled 
by 
D'Evves: 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 

^^  no  perfon  hath  a  privilege.  And  therefore 
*^  I  am  come  to  know  if  any  of  thefe  perfons 
'^  that  were  accufed  are  here.'* 

Then  he  paufed  ;  and  cafting  his  eyes  upon 
all  the  members  in  the  Houfe,  faid  "  I  do  not  fee 
'^  any  of  them.    I  think  I  fhould  know  them." 

"  For  I  muft  tell  you.  Gentlemen/'  he 
refumed  after  another  paufe,  "  that  fo  long 
"  as  thofe  perfons  that  I  have  accufed  (for  no 
'^  flight  crime,  but  for  Treafon)  are  here,  I 
"  cannot  cxped  that  this  Houfe  will  be  in  the 
"  right  way  that  I  do  heartily  wifh  it.  There- 
'^  fore  I  am  come  to  tell  you  that  I  muft 
"  have  them,  wherefoever  I  find  them." 

Then  again  he  hefitated,  flopped  :  and  called 
out,  "  Is  Mr.  Pym  here  ?  '*  To  which  no- 
body gave  anfwer. 

The  awkwardnefs  and  effort  manifeft  in 
thefe  paufes  and  interruptions,  the  words  that 
again  and  again  recur,  the  needlefs  and  bald 
repetitions,  in  which  we  feem  to  hear  the  flow 
and  laboured  utterance  with  which  Charles 
covered  his  natural  impediment  of  fpeech, 
imprefs  the  imagination  painfully. 

All  the  breaks  and  paufes,  however,  were 
omitted  in  the  report  direcfled  to  be  pub- 
liflied  ;  and  D'Ewes,  furmifing  that  not  only 
fuch  omiflions  had  been  made  by  the  King's 
order,  but  alfo  all  mention  of  the  reply  given 
upon  Charles's  appeal  to  the  Speaker,  is 
careful  to  reflore  what  was  wanting.      "  But 


§  XX.     The  Houfe  entered  by  the  King, 

"  the  King  caufed  all  that  to  be  left  out, 
''  namely,  when  he  afked  for  Mr.  Pym, 
'^  whether  he  were  prefent  or  not,  and  when 
'^  there  followed  a  general  filence,  that  nobody 
"  would  anfwer  him.  He  then  aiked  for  Mr. 
*^  Hollls  whether  he  were  prefent,  and  when 
*'  nobody  anfwered  him,  he  prefled  the  Speaker 
^^  to  tell  him,  who,  kneeling  down,  did  very 
"  wifely  defire  his  Majefly  to  pardon  him, 
'^  faying  that  he  could  neither  fee  nor  fpeak 
^^  but  by  command  of  the  Houfe  :  to  which  the 
"  King  anfwered,  ^  Well,  well !  'tis  no  matter. 
'^  M  think  my  eyes  are  as  good  as  another's.' 
*^  And  then  he  looked  round  about  the  Houfe 
*'  a  pretty  while,  to  fee  if  he  could  efpie  any 
^^  of  them."*  Very  welcome  are  all  fuch  addi- 
tional touches  to  a  pidlure  fo  memorable. 

"  May  it  pleafe  your  Majefly,"  faid  Len- 
thal,  to  the  appeal  that  he  fhould  fay  where 
Pym  was  (for,  as  Rufliworth  himfelf,  when 
he  publiflied  his  Collections^  inferred  his  own 
report  of  the  difcreet  fpeech  of  Mr.  Speaker, 
and  as  the  good  Sir  Simonds,  had  he  lived  to 
fee  it,  would  certainly  have  copied  it  in  his 
Journal,  it  will  here  be  mofl  properly  appended 
to  an  account  which  firft  gives  to  it  all  its 
fignificance),  ^^  I  have  neither  eyes  to  fee  nor 
'^  tongue  to  fpeak  in  this  place,  but  as  the 
"  Houfe  is  pleafed  to  dired  me,  whofe  fervant 

*  HarL  MSS.  162,  f.  306  a. 


191 

confirma- 
tion of 
report  as 
corrected 
by  the 
King. 


Enquiries 
for  Pym 
and 
Hollis. 


Reply, 


Looking 
for  them 
himfelf. 


Speaker 

Lenthal's 

fpeech. 


No 

eyes  or 
tongue 
but  as  the 
Houfe's 
fervant. 


192 


Extraordi 
nary 

peech  for 
an  ordi- 
nary man, 


Another 
greater 
but  like 
example. 


**  Dread- 
ful " 
filence. 


The  Kms: 
conlcious 
of  his 
failure. 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

^^  I  am   here  ;   and   I  humbly   beg  your   Ma- 
"  jefty's  pardon  that  I  cannot  give  any  other 
"  anfwer  than  this  to  what  your  Majefty  is 
^^  pleafed  to  demand  of  me."     Words  con- 
ceived indeed  with  a  fingular  prudence.      Im- 
-  prefled  deeply  by  the  attitude  of  the  Houfe,  and 
infpired  fuddenly  by  the  truft  confided  to  him, 
a  man  littlefamousfor  magnanimity  or  courage 
difplayed  both  for  the  moment  in  a  remarkable 
degree,  and  rofe  to  the  occafion  as  greatly  as 
the   King  fank  beneath  it.     But  forrow   and 
fufFering   are    wifer  teachers   than  anger    and 
revenge.     There  was   yet   to   come  a  day  in 
Charles's  life,  when  he  too  would  rife   to  the 
demand  of  the  time  ;    when   his  natural   in- 
firmities would  be  vifible  no  longer  ;  and  when 
men  fhould  wonder  to  behold,  in  one  fo  infirm 
of  purpofe  and  difficult  of  fpeech,  both  unem- 
barraffed  accents  and  a  refolute  will.* 

After  that  long  paufe  defcribed  by  D'Ewes, 
the  dreadful  filence,  as  one  member  called  it, 
Charles  fpoke  again  to  the  crowd  of  mute 
and  fullen  faces.  The  complete  failure  of 
his  fcheme  was  now  accomplifhed,  and  all  its 
poffiblc  confequences,  all  the  fufpicions  and 
retaliations  to  which    it    had   laid  him  open. 


Charles 
the  Firft's 
fpeech  at 
his  trial. 


*  *'  He  had,"  fays  William  Lilly,  "  a  natural  imperfeaion 
in  his  fpeech  :  at  feme  times  could  hardly  get  out  a  word  : 
yet  at  other  times  he  would  fpeak  freely  and  articulately, 
as  at  the  firll  time  of  his  coming  before  the  High  Court  of 
Juftice,  where  cafually  I  heard  him  :  there  he  Hammered 
nothing  at  all,  but  fpoke  very  dirtln»5>ly,  with  much  courage 
and  magnanimity." — Monarchy  or  no  Monarchy, 


§  XX.     The  Houfe  entered  by  the  King. 


193 


never    m- 
tended 


appear  to  have  rufhed  upon  his  mind.    ^^  Well,  His  birds 

"  fince  I  fee  all   my*  birds  are  flown,  I  do  ^°^^"- 

"  expecfl  from    you  that  you  will  fend  them 

^^  unto   me    as    foon    as    they  return  hither. 

'^  But,  I  afllire  you,  on  the  word  of  a  King, 

'^  I  never  did  intend  any  force,  but  (hall  pro-  Proteftsh 

"  ceed  againfl  them  in  a  legal  and  fair  way, 

*'  for  I  never  meant  any  other.     And  now,  force. 

*^  fince  I  fee  I  cannot  do  what  I  came  for,  I 

''  think  this  no  unfit  occafion  to  repeat  what 

*^  I  have  faid  formerly,  that  whatfoever  I  have  Means  to 

"  done  in    favour,  and  to  the  good,  of  my  [he'"con- 

"  fubjedls,  I  do  mean  to  maintain  it.     I  will  cefTions  he 

,,         \  ^  f  ,1  -r     ,     has  made. 

'^trouble   you    no  more,  but  tell   you  I  do 
"  exped:,  as  foon  as  they  come  to  the  Houfe,  Expefts 
"  you  will  fend  them  to  me  ;  other  wife  I  mufl:  \ll\\  ^l^ 
"take  my  own  courfe  to  find   them."     To  ^^."^  *<^ 
that  clofing  fentence,  the  note  left  by  Sir  Ralph 
Verney  makes    a  not   unimportant    addition, 
which,  however,    appears   nowhere  in  Rufii- 
worth's  report.      "  For  their  treafon  was  foul,  Declares 
"and  fuch  an  one  as  they  would  all  thank  treafon 
"  him  to  difcover."t     If  uttered,  it  was  an  ^^"^' 
efcape  of  angry  affertion    from  amid  forced 
and  laboured  apologies,  and  (o  far  would  agree 
with  what  D'Ewes  obferved  of  his  change  of 
manner  at   the  time:    "After  he  had  ended 
"  his  fpeech,  he  went  out  of  the  Houfe  in  a  Leaves  the 
"  more  difcontented  and  angry  pafiion  than  he 

*  *'  My  "  in  Rufhworth's  original  note  :  "  the  "  fubftituted 
by  Charles. 

f  Verney's  Notes,  p.  139. 


Houfe 


9-^ 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 


in  anger:  ^^  Came  in,  going  out  again  between  myfelf 
'^  and  the  fouth  end  of  the  Clerk's  table,  and 
^^  the  Prince  Eledlor  after  him."* 


Captain 
Slinglby's 
narrative 
of  the  in- 
cident. 


Silence  of 
the  Houfe 
explained. 


Deter- 
mined to 
have  the 
accufed. 


Houfe  had 
fent  to 
City  for 
4000  men. 


Shops  all 
fhut. 


Bere  to 
Penning- 
ton : 
6th  Jan. 
1641-2. 


*  Had.  MSS.  162,  f.  306  a.  I  will  here  add  Capt. 
Sllngfby's  account,  written  the  next  day  but  one,  but  tor 
which  of  courfe  he  muft  have  been  indebted  to  fome 
Royalid  members  of  the  Houfe,  as  he  had  himfelf  remained 
outfide  the  lobby.  '*  He  came  very  unexpectedly,  and  at 
"  firft  coming  in,  comaunded  the  Speaker  to  come  out 
"  of  his  chayre,  and  fatt  downe  in  it  himfelfe,  afking  divers 
*'  times  whether  thofe  traytours  were  there,  but  had  no 
**  anfwere :  but  at  laft  an  excufe,  that  by  y«  orders  of 
'*  the  Houfe  they  might  not  fpealce  when  there  Speaker  was 
<*  out  of  his  chavre.  The  King  then  aflct  the  Speaker,  who 
*'  excufed  himfelfe,  that  he  might  not  fpeake  but  what  the 
"  Houfe  gave  order  to  him  to  fay  :  whereuppon  the  King 
"  replied  it  was  no  matter,  for  he  knew  them,  if  he  faw 
"  them.  And  after  he  had  viewed  them  all,  he  made  a 
"  fpeethe  to  them  very  maieftically,  declaring  his  refolution 
"to  HAVE  THEM  though  they  were  then  abfcnt  :  promifing 
**  not  to  infringe  any  of  their  libertyes  of  pariament,  but 
"  coiiiaunding  them  to  fend  the  traytours  to  him  if  they  came 
**  there  againe.  And  after  his  coming  out  he  gave  order  to  the 
"  Sarieant  att  Armes  to  find  them  out  j  and  attach  them. 
**  Before  the  Kinge's  coming,  the  Houfe  were  very  high,  and 
*'  as  I  was  informed,  fent  to  the  Cittie  for  fower  thoufand 
*'  men  to  be  prcfently  fent  downe  to  them  for  thsir  Guard. 
"  But  none  came,  all  the  Cittie  being  terribly  amazed  w*'' 
*'  that  unexpected  charge  of  thofe  perlbns  :  fhoppes  all  rtiutt, 
**  many  of  w*^**  doe  Hill  continue  foe.  They  lykewife  fent  to 
'*  the  trayned  bandes,  in  the  Court  of  Guard  before  White- 
**  hall,  to  comaund  them  to  difband  but  they  ftayed  itill. 
"  After  the  Kinge  had  beene  in  the  Houfe,  there  was  no  more 
'*  fpoke,  but  only  to  adjorne  till  the  next  day." — MS.  State 
Paper  Office.  Captain  Slinglby  to  Admiral  Pennington,  6th 
January,  1641-2.  To  which  mav  be  added  an  extraft 
from  a  letter,  alfo  in  the  National  CoUeftion,  written  on 
the  fame  6th  of  January  by  Under  Secretary  Bere,  enclofing 
Kufliworth's  report  of  the  King's  ipeech  to  the  Admiral. 
On  Monday  lalt,  the  King's  Attorney  accufed  5  of  the 
Lower  Houfe  &  one  of  the  Upper  of  High  Treafon 
as  you  will  fee  by  the  Articles  of  accufation  herew^''. 
**  In  confequenceof  w*^'*  a  Serg*  of  Armes  was  fent  to  demand 
"  them,  but  y*^  Houfe  taking  time  to  confider  of  it,  &  having 
fent  a  meffage  inftead  of  the  delivery.  His  Ma''^  went  the 
next  day  hiinlclfc  in  perfon  to  y*  Commons  Houfe  to  demand 
them,  as  you  will  fee  by  the  inclofed  fpecch.     But  it  feemes 


(( 


it 


<( 


§  xxr.     Impreffion  produced  by  the  Outrage.  T95 


but  not 

amid 

fdence. 

"  Privi- 
lege !  Pri- 
vilege !" 
fhouted 
after  him. 

Partes  out 
through 
files  of 
armed 
adherents. 


But  he  did  not  leave,  as  he  had  entered,  in 
filence.  Low  mutterings  of  fierce  difcontent 
broke  out  as  he  pafled  along,  and  ''  many 
*^  members  cried  out  aloud,  fo  as  he  might 
'^  hear  them.  Privilege!  Privilege!''  With 
thofe  words,  ominous  of  ill,  ringing  in  his  ear, 
he  repafled  to  his  palace  through  the  lane, 
again  formed,  of  his  armed  adherents,  and  amid 
audible  fhouts  of  as  evil  augury  from  def- 
peradoes  difappointed  of  their  prey.  Eagerly 
in  that  lobby  had  the  word  been  waited  for, 
which  muft  have  been  the  prelude  to  a  terrible 
fcene.     Lady  Carlifle  alone  had  prevented  it. 

§  XXL  Lmpression  Produced  by  the 

Outrage. 

What  briefly  followed  within  the  chamber  Proceed- 
whofe    moft    facred    rights     had     thus     been  ^^^^^^^ 
violated    by    Charles    the    Firft,    is    revealed  after 
to    us    only    by    D'Ewes.       ^^  As    foon    aspar"?re.  ^* 
"  he    was    gone,  and    the    doors    were  fliut, 
"  the  Speaker  aflced  us   if  he   ftiould    make 
"  report    of  his   Majefty's    fpeech.      But  Sir 
''  John  Hotham  faid  we  had  all  heard  it,  and  speech  of 
''  there  needed  no  report  of  it  to  be  made.  Gotham. 

*'  they  had  made  themfelves  out  of  the  way,  as  they  ftill  alfoe  Uncer- 
'*  remaine,  w"^**  fome  conceive  is  but  don  till  the   Houfe  (hail  tainty  as 
**  refolve  what  to  doe  w*''  them.     Others  thinke  that  they  are  to  flight  of 
"  aBually  fled.     What  will  be  of  it,  time  muft  tell.     In  the  members. 
**  meane   time  this  bufinefs  filled  every  one  w^'*  feares  whaf 
**  might  enfue  thereon,  and  the  Cittie  remained  all  that  night 
'*  in   armes,  and  are   not  yett  very  well  affured,   every  one 
**  being  pofleft  with  ftrange  feares  and  imaginations." 

0  2 


196 

Cries  for 
adjourn- 
ment. 


Houfe 
rifes  at 
3.30  p.m. 


D'Evves 
defcribes 
the  KIngV 
defign  : 


to  have 
raifed  a 
confli6^  in 
the  Houlc. 

Details  ot 
the  plot. 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members, 

^^  And  others  cried  to  adjourn  till  to-morrow 
^^  at  one  of  the  clock  in  the  afternoon ;  upon 
^'  which  in  the  ifliie  we  agreed.  And  fo,  the 
"  Speaker  having  adjourned  the  Houfe  to 
^'  that  hour,  we  rofe  about  half  an  hour  after 
^^  three  of  the  clock  in  the  afternoon  :"  little 
"  imagining  for  the  prefent — at  leaft  a  greater 
*'  part  of  us — the  extreme  danger  we  had 
''  efcaped    through    God's  wonderful    provi- 

"  dence.'^t 

*'  For  the  defign  was,"  purfues  Sir  Simonds, 

writing  at  the  clofe  of  his  day's  Journal,  and 

before  the  entry  of  the  morrow,   '*  to   have 

*^  taken  out  of  our  Houfe  by  force  and  violence 

*'  the  faid  five  members,  if  we  had  refufed  to 

'^  have  delivered  them  up  peaceably  and  wil- 

"  lingly;    which,  for  the  prefervation  of  the 

^'  privileges  of  our  Houfe,  we  muft   ha^e  re- 

''  fufed.     And  in  the  taking  of  them  away, 

*'  they  were  to  have  fet  upon  us  all,  if  we  had 

*'  refifted,  in  an  hoftile  manner.     It  is  very 

''  true  that  the  plot  was  fo  contrived  as  that 


Entry  in  *  The  day''s   entry,  as  it  ftill  (lands  in  the  Journals,  well 

Journals      exprefles,  in  its  fudden  and  unfiniflied  abrupt nefs,  the  agitation 
of  the  4th  and  excitement  in  which  the  day  muft  have  clofed. 
January, 

1641-2.  "  Jan.  4.  P.M.     The  King  came   into   the  Houfe   of 

Commons  and  took  Mr.  Speaker's  Chair. 
"  Gentlemen  I  am  forry  to  have  this  occafion 
to  come  unto  you. 


«  *   *  « 


**  Refolved  upon   the   queftion  that  the  Houfe  fliall 
adjourn  itfelf  till  to-morrow  one  of  the  clock." 

t   HarU  MSS,    162,  f.  306  b. 


§  XXI.      Imprejfton  produced  by  the  Outrage.  197 

"  the  King  fhould  have  withdrawn  out  of  the 

'^  Houfe,  and   pafled  thorough  the  lobby    or 

"  little  room  next  without  it,  before  the  maf- 

'^  facre  fhould  have  begun,  upon  a  watchword 

'^  by  him  to  have  been  given  upon  his  pafling 

'^thorough  them.     But 'tis  mofl  likely  that  Armed 

'^  thofe  Ruffians,  being  about  eighty  in  number,  joes  not 

'^who  were  gotten  into  the  faid  lobby,  being  ^°^^.     , 

^  ,  ^^  ^reftrained. 

^^  armed  all  of  them  with  fwords,  and  fome  of 

*^  them  with  piflols    ready    charged,  were  fo 

"  thirfly  after  innocent  blood  as  they  would 

^^  fcarce  have  flayed  the  watchword,  if  thofe 

'^  members  had   been  there  ;    but  would  have 

*^  begun    their   violence   as   foon  as  they^ad 

*^  underflood  of  our  denial,  to  the  hazard  of  The 

**  the    perfons   of  the    King   and   the  Prince  perfon  in 

*^  Elector,  as  well  as  of  us.     For,  one  of  them  ^^"ger. 

*'  underflanding,  a  little  before  the  King  came 

*^  out,  that  thofe  five  gentlemen  were  abfent, 

*^  '  Zounds  ! '  faid  he,  ^  They  are  gone  !  and 

*^  '  we  are  never  the  better  for  our  coming  !' 

''  And  the  deliverance,"  adds  D'Ewes,  in  strange 

delive- 

this  remarkable  pafTage  of  his  Journal,  "  will  ranee. 
"  appear  to  have  been  the  more  flrange,  if  we 
*'  confider  how  the  plot  being  revealed  to  one 
M.  Langres,  dwelling  in  the  Covent  Garden, 
after  the  King  had  taken  his  coach  at  White- 
hall, and  was  coming  toward  us,  he  got 
through  the  multitude  of  thofe  fouldiers  and  King's 
ruffians,  and  coming  to  the  Houfe  acquainted  ^^^|^' 
Mr.  Nathaniel  Fiennes  with  the  King's  refo-  Fiennes 


(C 


cc 


(C 


(( 


(C 


(C 


ach 


m 


198 

With- 
drawal of 
the  mem- 
bers. 


Oppofi- 
tion  of 
Strode. 


Identity  of 
Strode 
with  the 
earlier 
Strode  dif- 
puted. 


Reply  to 
obje6\ions 
made  : 


Original 
opinion 
ftrength- 
ened,  not 
weakened. 


Ages  of 
the  princi- 
pal men 
of  the 
Commons. 

Miftakes 

ofThomas 

May. 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

^^  lution.  Whereupon  Mr.  Denzil  Hollis,  Sir 
*^  Arthur  Hafelrig,  Mr.  Hampden,  and  Mr. 
^^  Pym,  who  had  notice  alfo  formerly  given 
^'  them  that  there  was  fuch  a  defign,  did 
"  prefently  withdraw:  but  Mr.  William  Strode, 
"  the  laft  of  the  Five,  being  a  young  man  and 
''  unmarried,*  could  not  be  perfuaded  by  his 

*  I  retain  the  opinion  put  forth  in  my  Eflay  on  the  Grand 
Remonftrance  {Hijl.  and  Biog.  EJfays^  i.  1-175)  that  this 
expreflion  of  D'Ewes,  and  the  language  ul'ed  by  Clarendon, 
are  decifive  againll  the  identity  of  the  Strode  of  the  parlia- 
ments of  James  and  the  early  parliaments  of  Charles  with 
the  Strode  of  the  Long  Parliament.  The  grounds  on  which 
I  formed  and  ftated  that  opinion  have  fmcc  been  contefted  in 
a  book  of  great  ability,  and  full  of  valuable  matter  relative 
to  the  Commonwealth  period  {Studies  and  Illujhations  of  the 
GrAit  Rebellion,  by  J.  Langton  Sandford,  Efq.)  ;  but  I  mull 
be  permitted  to  think  that  Mr.  Sandford's  argument,  though 
ingenious  and  elaborate,  is  not  fatisfa6lory.  The  gift  of  it  lies 
in  this  remark :  *' William  Strode  may  very  well  have  been 
**  under  forty  in  1642  j  and  this,  in  the  eyes  of  *  an  ancient 
"  *  gentleman'  fuch  as  D'Ewes,  woulden  title  him  to  the  name 
**  of  '  a  young  man '"  (p.  399).  Unfortunately  for  the  fenfe 
in  which  the  argument  is  ufed,  it  tells  with  the  greateft  force 
in  the  oppofite  direction.  D'Ewes's  own  age  was  exactly 
thirty-nine  (he  was  born  in  December  1602)  }  and  it  entitled 
him  to  the  name  of  *  an  ancient  gentleman.'  No  one  ac- 
quainted with  the  focial  ufages  and  chara6leriftics  of  that 
time  would  for  a  moment  expefl:  that  a  man  of  thirty-nine 
fhould  be  ftyled  young.  That  is  a  modern  ftyle  altogether. 
But,  even  in  our  own  polite  days,  a  man  of  thirty-nine  would 
not  be  likely  to  fmgle  out  as  a  young  man  a  pcrfon  of  his  own 
mature  age.  Befides,  HoUis  himfelf  was  only  forty-four, 
Hampden  was  not  more  than  forty-fix,  Hafelrig  was  fome  years 
younger,  and  from  fuch  a  company  to  fele61  and  fet  apart  for 
his  youth  a  man  of  years  fo  nearly  equal,  would  have  been  fheer 
abfurdity.  Since  my  attention  was  firft  drawn  to  this  '*  hilioric 
**  doubt,*'  I  have  obferved  that  the  hiftorian  May  aflerts  the 
identity,  faying  of  Strode  that  he  had  "before  fuffered  many 
"  years  of  ftiarp  and  harfh  imprifonment  for  matters  done  in  par- 
"  liament"  (lib.  2,  cap.  2,  p.  21),  but  when  he  publifhed  his 
Hijlory  in  1 64.7  Strode  had  bctn  Ibme  years  dead,  and  in  perfonal 
queftions  May  is  not  always  ftri611y  accurate  or  careful.  To 
give  an  inftance  :  his  account  (p.  27)  of  the  Whitehall  Guard 
is  inaccurate  both  as  to  time  and  perfons.     It  is  not  much  to 


§  XXI.     Imprejfion  produced  by  the  Outrage.  199 

^'  friends  for  a  pretty  while  to  go  out ;  but 
"  faid,  that  knowing  himfelf  to  be  innocent,  he 

add  to  the  other  proofs,  but  it  may  be  worth  remark  that  the  Contempt 
fame   trivial  and  contemptuous  mode  of  fpeaking  of  Strode,  m  of 
comparifon   with  the  other  members,  is  to  be   found  in  the  Royalifts 
lampoons  of  the  day.    In  the  verfes  fubjoined,  he  and  Hafelrig  for  Strode, 
ftand  in  as  marked  contraft  with  the  reft,  even  though  all  be 
fet  apart  for  abufe,  as  in  the  page  of  Clarendon  : 

ii  My  venom  fwells,*'  quoth  Hollis, 

*'  And  that  his  Majefty  knows." 
**  And  I,"  quoth  Hampden,  "  fetch  the  Scots 

"  Whence  all  this  mifchief  grows." 


"  I  am  an  afTe,"  quoth  Hafelrigge, 

"  But  yet  I'm  deep  i*  the  plot  j" 
*<  And  I,"  quoth  Strode,  "  can  lye  as  faft 

"  As  Mafter  Pym  can  trott." 

*'  But  I,"  quoth  Pym,  *'  your  hackney  am, 

"  And  all  your  drudgery  do, 
**  I  make  good  fpeeches  for  myfelf, 

**  And  privileges  for  you — " 

So,  in   London's  Farewell  to  the  Parliament,  the  abufe  of  Varieties 
Hollis,   Hampden,   and  Pym,  is  a  good   folid  hate,  and  it  is  otKoyaim 
not  till  Strode's  turn  comes,  that  contempt  feems  to  take  the  "anaer. 
place  of  it : 

Farewell  Denzil  Hollis,  with  hey,  with  hey  j 
Farewell  Denzil  Hollis,  with  hoe  j 

'Twas  his  ambition  or  his  need, 

Not  his  religion  did  the  deed, 
With  hey  trolly,  lolly,  loe. 

Farewell  John  Hampden,  with  hey,  with  hey  j 
Farewell  John  Hampden,  with  hoe  j 

He's  a  fly  and  fubtle  fox. 

Well  read  in  Buchanan  and  Knox, 
With  hey  trolly,  lolly,  loe. 

Farewell  John  Pym,  with  hey,  with  hey  j 
Farewell  John  Pym,  with  hoe  j 

He  would  have  had  a  place  in  Court, 

And  he  ventur'd  all  his  partie  for't, 
With  hey  trolly,  lolly,  loe. 

Farewell  Billy  Strode,  with  hey,  with  hey; 
Farewell  Billy  Strode,  with  hoe  j 


I 


I 


I  * 


20O 


Will  feal 
his  inno- 
cency  with 
his  blood. 


Sir  Walter 
Earle  pulls 
him  out 
by  the 
cloak. 


The  ac- 
culed 
warned  at 
dinner 
hour  by 
Eflex. 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members, 

^^  would  flay  in  the  Houfe  though  he  fealed 
"  his  innocency  with  his  blood  at  the  door. 
^^  So  as,  being  at  laft  overcome  "  (D'Ewes  gets 
a  little  confufed  in  his  fentences  here)  *^  by 
^'  the  importunate  advices  and  entreaties  of  his 
"  friends,  when  the  van,  or  fore-front,  of  thofe 
^^  ruffians  marched  into  Weftminfter  Hall : 
*'  nay,  when  no  perfuafion  could  prevail  with 
''  the  faid  Mr.  Strode,  Sir  Walter  Earle,  his 
*^  entire  friend,  was  faine  to  take  him  by  cloak, 
*^  and  pull  him  out  of  his  place  ;  and  fo  got 
*^  him  out  of  the  Houfe.  'Tis  very  true, 
*'  indeed,  that  the  Lord  Mandeville  "  (Kim- 
bolton  continued  to  be  more  familiarly  known 
by  his  old  than  by  his  new  title)  ^' and  thefe 
'^  five  gentlemen  had  notice  not  only  yeflernight 
"  of  this  intended  defign,  but  were  likewife 
"  fent  to,  this  day  at  dinner,  by  the  Earl  of 
"  EfTex,  Lord  Chamberlain  of  his  Majefly's 
''  houfehold,  that  the  King  intended  to  come 
"  to  the  Houfe  of  Commons  to  feize  upon 
^^  them  there,  and  that  they  fhould  abfent 
^^  themfelves:  yet  had  they  no  dire6t  afTurance 
'^  that  the  faid  defign  fhould  certainly  be  put 
"  in  execution,  till  the  faid  M.  Langres  his 
*^  coming  to  the  faid  Houfe."  * 

Such  was  the  view  taken,   fuch  the  opinion 

He  fwore  all  Wharton's  lyes  were  true  j 
And  it  concern'd  him  fo  to  do, 
For  he  was  in  the  faw-pit  too — 
With  hey  trolly,  lolly,  loe. 

*  HarU  MSB,  162,  ff.  306  b.  307  a. 


t 


1 


\  XXI.     ImpreJJion  produced  by  the  Outrage,  201 


uttered,  with  no  public  objed  or  defign,  but  as 
a  man  communes  with  himfelf  or  his  mofl 
intimate  friend,  of  the  proceedings  of  this 
eventful  day,  by  a  member  of  the  Houfe  who 
with  his  own  eyes  had  witnefTed  them,  writing 
not  many  hours  after  the  event ;  and  who 
gave  further  decifive  proof  of  his  fenfe  of  the 
danger  which  from  that  day  awaited  all  men 
who  might  difcharge  their  duty  fearleffly  in 
the  Houfe  of  Commons,  by  at  once  arranging 
his  affairs,  fetting  his  houfe  in  order,  and 
executing  his  will.  "Some,"  he  remarked  in 
a  fubfequent  debate,  *'have  faid  it  were  well 
'^  for  the  Parliament  men  to  fet  their  houfes 
in  order,  left  they  fhould  fhortly  lofe  their 
heads.  For  my  part,  I  confefs  I  have  not 
that  work  now  to  do ;  having  ever  fince 
the  4th  day  of  January  lafl  pall,  left  my 
will  with  a  third  perfon  in  trufl,"  "'     The 


Unim- 
paflloned 
charac- 
ter of 
D' Ewes' s 
teftimony. 


His  fenfe 
of  danger 
marked 
by  execu- 
tion of  his 
will  : 


a 


C( 


cc 


<c 


a 


and  fet- 
ting his 
houfe  in 
order. 


*  Harl.  MSS,  163,  f.  509  b.  D'Ewcs  is  fpeaking, 
on  the  1 6th  May,  1642,  more  than  five  months  after  the 
events  to  which  I  am  referring,  of  the  difputes  in  York- 
fliire  which  immediately  preceded  the  outbreak  of  civil 
war:  **  Mr.  H.  Bellafis,  Sir  R.  Pye,  and  others,  moved 
'*  that  we  might  think  of  fome  way  of  accommodation. 
**  Others  moved  that  we  might  prepare  to  defend  ourfelves. 
**  I  faid  I  was  forry  to  fee  things  grown  to  fuch  a  height  in 
**  Yorkfhirej  and  though  his  Majelly  difavowed  the  injuries 
**  offered  the  poor  freeholders  of  Yorkfhire,  I  did  not  hear 
**  that  he  difavowed  thofe  offered  his  poor  Parliament,  although 
**  their  meifages  were  hiffed  at  when  they  were  read,  and 
*'  although  fome  faid  it  were  well  for  the  parliament  men  to 
**  fet  their  houfes  in  order  left  they  fliould  fhortly  lofe  their 
*'  heads.  For  my  part  I  confefs  I  have  not  that  work  now  to 
*'  do,  having  ever  fmce  the  4th  day  of  January  laft  paft," 
the  day  of  the  attempted  arreft,  **  left  my  will  with  a  third 
**  perfon  in  truft — (of  which,"  D'Ewes  adds  with  fome  com- 


Queftion 
of  accom- 
modation 
with  the 


King. 


Parlia- 
ment-men 
in  peril. 


I 


202 

Ifolation 
of  D' Ewes 
from  mere 
party. 


His  pre- 
cifion  and 
fobriety. 


Qjueftlon 
of  the 
King's 
conduct. 


Could 
have  had 
but  one 
purpofe. 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members, 

judgment  fo  formed,  too,  and  the  courfe  fo 
taken  on  the  inftant,  were  thofe  of  a  man  not 
fharing  vehemently  in  any  of  the  popular 
pafTions  ;  never  admitted  to  the  confidence  of 
the  leaders  ;  having  a  ftrong  perfonal  diflike,  as 
I  fhall  fhortly  take  an  opportunity  of  fhowing, 
to  fome  of  them  ;  and  himfelf  noted  for  a 
particular  precifion  and  fobriety,  as  well  in  his 
habits  of  thought  as  in  his  ways  of  life.  Nor 
is  it  in  any  degree  reafonable  to  fuppofe  that  the 
King  fhould  not  have  refolved  to  give  fome  fort 
of  efFecfl  to  his  projed:,  having  once,  however 
rafhly,  embarked  in  it.  To  have  intended 
merely  to  go  and  afk  for  the  members,  and, 
having  fo  invited  the  refufal  which  it  was 
obvious  would  be  given,  to  leave  them  unmo- 
lefted  in  their  feats  and  himfelf  come  difcom- 
fited  away,  would  have  been  indeed  to  add  to 
fupreme  rafhnefs  a  fupreme  fillinefs.  Armed 
men  could  have  accompanied  him  for  one  pur- 
pofe only,  and  this  was  baffled  by  the  abfence 
of  the  accufed  :  nor  was  it  poflible  that  any 
one,  writing  of  the  occurrence  in  later  times, 
(liould  have  found  it  reafonably  open  to  any 
other  confl:ru6lion,  if  upon  this,  as  upon  other 
great  queftions  between  the  People  and  the 
King,  Clarendon  had  not  drawn  off  to  a  falfe 
iflue  fuccefTive  generations  of  readers.  Content 
to  have  profited  by  the  ad:  if  it  had  fucceeded, 

placency,  **  the  Houfe  took  efpeclal  notice,  as  I  was  fain  for  a 
**  while  to  flop  from  farther  proceeding)". 


i 


§  XXI.      Imprejfion  produced  by  the  Outrage, 


203 


it  was  an  acft  of  which  the  failure  was  unpar- Not  the 
donable  :    and  every  one  in  the  confidence  of  f^iiuJ^ 
the  King   became   eager    to   feparate   himfelf  ^^y/^'^on. 
from  it,  to   fpeak  of  it  as  apart   and   ifolated 
from  other  ads  to  which  it  was  in  truth  no 
way  contrafted  or  oppofed,  to    treat   it  as  a 
fudden  frenzy,    and  altogether  to  conceal  the 
real  objedt  which  it  aimed  at,  and,  but  for  an 
accident   unforefeen,  and  the  failure  of  fecret  Succefs 
meafures  here  fhown  to  have   been   daringly  J^Yffed!  ^ 
attempted,    it  might    have    gone    far    to    ac- 
compllfli. 

Compare  the  tone  fo  taken,  after  the 
fad,  with  what  men  wrote  upon  the  inftant 
who  fhared  Hyde's  opportunities  of  know- 
ledge, who  like  him  were  behind  the  fcenes,  but 
who  wrote  not  to  conceal,  but  to  exprefs,  the 
truth.  ''  I  pray  God  this  very  bufinefs,"  Under 
wrote  Under  Secretary  Bere  to  Admiral  Pen-  gTr^s  ^^ 
nington    on    the   6th  of  January,    "doe  not  ^^ff.^'^  ^^  ^^ 

o  \  r        r      ultimate 

*'  render  our  condition  in  Court  the  worfe  ;  for  refult. 

"  things  being  now  brought  to  a  heighth,  they 

'^  cannot  confift  foe,  but  muft  change  to  the  change 

"  great  prejudice  of  the  one  or  other  fide  :  and  "^^^^^^ 

*^  I    pray  God  wee   find   not    that   we  have  worfe. 

"  flattered  ourfelves  w^'^  an  imaginary  fl:rength 

''  and  party,  in  the  Citty  and  elfewhere,  w^'^* 

*^  will  fall  away,  if  need  fhould  bee.     A  report  Rumours 

"  now  goes  that   thofe  perfons  accufed  are  in  ^yjj^_ 

''  London,  and  fome   will  have  itt  they  are  abouts  of 

"  fitting  w^^^  the  Comittee  w"*"  fitts  there.      By 


1 1 


>ii 


204 


Worfe 
ftorms  on 
land  than 
at  fea. 


Circum- 

ilances 

well 

known  to 

Under 

Secretary 


His  fears 
and  fore- 
bodings. 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 

'^  all  this,  you  will  fee  the  greate  diftradions 
'^  that  are  here  :    foe  that  you  may  well  fay 
''  wee  have  no  lefs  ftormes  here  than  you  have 
"  att    fea — /  feare   worfe    and    more  full  of 
^^  danger,''  * 

That  is  not  the  lano-uapre  of  a  man  who 
regarded  the  King's  ad  as  having  fprung 
from  a  mere  fudden  unreafoning  impulfe 
of  anger,  or  who  defired  to  underrate  its 
gravity.  The  writer  knew  the  circumftances 
too  well.  He  had  himfelf  drawn  up  the  warrant, 
which,  but  for  a  merciful  accident  interpofed, 
might  have  drenched  London  ftreets  in  the 
blood  of  the  Citizens.  He  was  perfedly  aware 
of  all  the  preparations  made,  of  all  the  deliber- 
ation ufed  ;  and  his  prayer  to  God  is,  that  they 
who  had  taken  part  therein  (of  whom  he  was 
one)  might  not  find  they  had  flattered  themfelves 
with  an  imaginary  flrength,  in  the  City  and 
elfewhere,  which  already  was  crumbling  and 
falling  away  beneath  them. 


§  XXII.     Lord  Digby  and  Mr.  Hyde. 
Not  of  the  moderate  or  confcientious  tem- 

*  MS.   State   Paper    Office.     The    Under   Secretary-    thus 

An  invi-     clofes  his  letter:  **  I  humbly  thank  you  for  y'  kind  invitation 

tation  for    "  abord  this  Xmas,  where  I  would  willingly  be,  but  that  I 

Chriftmas    **  "i^Y   "^^  ^^^^  bee  abfent :  my  bufinefle  growing  ftill  more 

declined       **  ^""  more:   yett  we  have  the   addition   of  another  fellow 

**  Secrete  by   name   Mr.  Oudart,  who  was  Secret^  to  S""  John 

**  Bofwell  :  fo  y*  y*^  labour  is  very   eafy,  but  difpenfes   not 

**  with  abfence.  ' 


§  XXII.     Lord  Digby  and  Mr,  Hyde, 


205 


per  of  the  Under  Secretary,  however,  were  violent 

thofe  who  had  advifed  the  King.      It  is  a  bare  lefs  coun- 
a6b  of  juftice  to  fay,  of  other  and  more  adlive  ^^^• 
participators    in    the    Royal  Councils   at  this 
time,   that  they  did  not  fliow  fear,    remorfe, 

or  apprehenfion  of  any  kind.     Lord  Digby 
certainly  does  not  feem  to  have  fhrunk  from  the 
propofal  to  carry  the  King's  daring  attempt,  be-  Carrying 
gun  that  day,  to  its  natural  iflue.   He  was  willing  ^"^JI^P'^  ^^ 
to  take  the  utmoft  hazard  upon  himfelf,  fays 
Hyde  ;    and  would  have  redeemed  his  failure 
of  promife  in  the  matter  of  Lord  Kimbolton 
by  undertaking,   with    the   congenial   help  of 
fuch  gentlemen   as   Sir  Thomas  Lunsford,  to 
feize  the  accufed  members  in  the  very  houfe  Digby's 
in  the  City  where  they  had  taken  refuge,  and 
either  bring  them  away  alive,  or  '^  leave  them 
"  dead  in  the  place."* 

Elfewhere,  too,"t"  the  fame  writer  tells  us, 
that,  as  foon  as  the  failure  of  the  enterprife  at 
the  Houfe  declared  itfelf,  Digby's  great  fpirit 
was  fo  far  from  failing,  that  when  he  faw  the 
whole  City  upon  the  matter  in  arms  to  defend 
the  Five  Members,  he,  knowing  in  what 
houfe  they  were  together,  offered  the  King, 
with  a  feled  number  of  a  dozen  gentlemen, 
who  he  prefumed  would  ftick  to  him,  to  feize  To  feize 
upon  their  perfons  dead  or  alive.  And  with-  Members 
out  doubt,  adds  Clarendon  naively,  he  would  ^f.^^ 


alive. 


*  HiJ}.  ii.  130. 

-f-  clarendon's  ^/^/^  P^/>^rj.  Supplement  to  third  vol,  Iv-lvi. 


:ll 


2C6 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 


m 


MIfchlef 
let  loofe 
by  King's 
act. 


Rumours 
againft 
Briftoland 
Dlgby. 


/• 


Small 
com  to  It 
for  the 
Admiral. 


Suffering 
on  waters, 
fear  on 
land. 


have  done  it,  ^^  which  muft  Hkewife  have  had 
'^  a  wonderful  efFecfl." 

Such  were  the  elements  of  difcord  and 
violence  let  rudely  loofe  by  the  ad:  of  the  King  ; 
and  to  comprehend  all  that  follows,  to  under- 
ftand  even  the  alarms  we  have  ktw  exprefled 
by  D*Ewes  after  the  King's  departure,  and 
what  we  fhall  obferve  hereafter  of  their  fudden, 
unexplained,  and  abrupt  recurrence,  the  fadl 
of  fuch  mifchief  being  abroad,  and  fuch 
rumours  or  threats  of  defperate  defigns  under- 
lying men's  ordinary  difcourfe,  muft  ftill  be 
kept  carefully  in  mind.  '^  Tlie  publike  voice 
"  runs  much,'*  wrote  Bere  to  Pennington, 
*^  againft  Briftol  and  his  fon,  as  great  inftru- 
^^  mentsof  thefe  mifunderftandinges.'*  *  With 
more  elaboration,  and  with  allufions  that 
pointed  to  fecret  intrigues  not  lefs  than  to 
frank  and  open  outrage,  Mr.  Smith  of  the 
Admiralty  wrote  to  the  King's  favourite  fea- 
man.  He  began  by  telling  his  ''  honoured 
^*  compeer,"  what  grief  he  feels  that  his  rela- 
tion of  affairs  cannot  be  fuch  as  might  comfort 
the  Admiral's  languifliing  fpirits,  as  in  his 
lateft  letter  he  had  defcribed  them,  turmoiled 
and  almoft  tired  in  thofe  tumultuous  feas, 
'^  You  fuffer  on  the  waters,  we  feare  on  the 
'^  land."  And  he  proceeded  to  explain  the 
fources    of    the    fear.        "  The     defires    and 


•  MS.  State  Paper  Office,  January,  1 641-2. 


^  XXII.     Lord  Digby  and  Mr,  Hyde, 


207 


''  endeav*^*  of  men,  efpecially  of  fuch  as  Rule, 
'^  are  fo  diverfe,  that  wee  feeme  to  bee  now 
"  in  this  K.dom  like  to  the  pregnant  wombe 
''  of  Rebecca,  which  teemes  of  difcourfe  and 
''  affedions,  fome  labouring  to   bringe  forth 
''  the  Honeft  Jacob   of   order,    tranquillitie, 
'^  and  peace,   others  the  Rough  Efau  of  dif- 
"  cord  and  ruine."     Yet  one  advantage  had 
already    attended    the   attempt    made    on  the 
Houfe  of  Commons.     It  was  expeded  that 
in  future  there  would  be  lefs  difagreement,  and 
a   more  general    co-operation   for  the   public 
good,  than  before  was  noted  therein.     *'  Wee 
''  are  not,''  continued  Mr.  Smith,  ^^  altogether 
^^  out  of  hope  of  a  Good  Period  in  regarde 
^^  thofe  y^  rule  in  Parlem^  are  both  honeft  and 
«^  able    men.       If  diftradlions  and  confufions 
*'  come,  'twill  be  from  fome  fadious  firebrands 
^^  that  trouble  the  Court,  abufe  his  Ma^'%  and 
*^  feeke  to  fifti  in  troubled  waters  ;  and,  through 
'^  feare  of  being  rewarded  according  to  theire 
''  merit,  do  labor  to  bring  all  things  to  ruine 
"  with  themfelves.     But  the  Good  God  will 
'^  not  fuffer  them  long  thus  to  divide  betwixt 
''  O'  good  King  and  his  People,  whom  they 
'^  traduce  w^^'  falfe  report  of  Rebellion,  where- 
'^  as  indeede  they   are   the  greateft  and  only 
"  Rebells  I  know  in   England,  and  go  about 
''  y^'  K.dom  raifing  tumullts  and  falfe  reports 
"  to  putt  the  land  into  an  uproar  if  they  can, 
''  and  fcandalize  the  hon^^^  and  juft  Proceed- 


Jacob  and 
Efau. 


i\ 


Two  par- 
ties out  of 
Houfe  : 


but  the 
leaders 
honeft : 


and  only 
one  party 
now  in 
Houfe. 


Sole  rebels 
in  Eng- 
land. 


I 


:o8 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 
''  ings   of  the   Parlem^  w^''  lying  and  unjuft 


Open  and 
fecret  ene 
mies. 


Caufe  for 
this  di- 
greflion. 


Hyde  the 
king's 
private 
adviler: 


Supph'es 
fecret  pa- 
pers and 
informa- 
tion. 


imputations 

This  difcreet  and  temperate  man,  writing 
thus  a  few  days  after  the  King's  attempt, 
found  not  more  mifery  occafioned  by  firebrands 
fuch  as  Digby,  than  by  thofe  more  fecret 
agents  of  confufion  who  went  about  creating 
jealoufies  and  diflikes  againft  the  Parliament, 
of  whom  it  will  not  be  unjuft,  upon  his  own 
account  of  his  own  proceedings  at  the  time, 
to  feled  Hyde  as  by  far  the  moft  prominent 
example.  And  to  underftand  the  pofition  he 
had  in  that  refped  taken  up  is  necefTary,  in  his 
inftance  not  lefs  than  in  that  of  Digby,  to  a 
proper  comprehenfion  of  the  fequel  of  thefe 
extraordinary  fcenes. 

Hyde  acknowledges,!  that,  feveral  weeks 
earlier  than  the  attempted  arreft,  he  had 
become  fecretly  the  King's  private  counfellor, 
and  had  in  confequence  withdrawn  from  fo 
frequently  or  publickly  as  before  taking  part  in 
the  proceedings  of  the  Houfe.  So  early  as 
during  the  Remonftrance  Debates,  indeed,  he 
was,  as  in  a  former  work  has  been  ftiown,J 
fupplying  the  King  with  refolutions  and  papers 
of  the  Houfe  in  their  firft  rough  draft ;  and, 
in  many  paffages  of  the  Memoir  written  by 
himfelf,  his   modus   operandi   is    defcribed    in 

.    *  V^-^f^D  ^''•^''■^^''-    Thos.  Smith  (from  York  Houfe) 
to  Admiral  Pennington  :  January,  164.1-2. 

t  Life,  i.  98-100. 

X  See  my  HiJ}.  and  Biog.  Efays,  i.  142,  &c. 


§  XXII.     Lord  Digby  and  Mr.  Hyde,  %0^ 

detail,  entirely  without  difguife,  and  even  with 
a  chuckling  felf-fatiffadlion.*  He  feems  to 
take  an  odd  kind  of  pride,  in  avowing  openly  Playing 

1         1    •       1      TT      r         J  •     double  and 

the  double  part  he  played  m  the  Houle  and  in  faife. 
the  back  fcenes  of  the  Court ;  while  he  was 
unfcrupuloufly  ufing  his  opportunities  of  ob- 
taining knowledge  of  the  fecrets  of  the  popular 
leaders,  for  no  other  purpofe  than  to  betray  Betrays 
them  to  the  King.       Several  curious  uncon- ^^^^^5°^" 
fcious  illuftrations  of  the  fame  double-dealing  the  King, 
are  recorded  alfo  in  the  Journal  of  D'Ewes. 
When,    ftiortly   after    thefe   events.    Lord 

♦  For  example  {Life^  i.  102-3):   "  And  fo  they  (Vifcount  Private 
**  Falkland,  Sir  John  Colepepper,  and  Mr.  Hyde)  met  every  meetings 
**  night  late  together,   &  communicated  their  observations  &  in  Hyde's 
<<  intelligence  of  the  day  j  &  fo  agreed  what  was  to  be  done  lodgings. 
**  or  attempted  the  next  j  there   being  very  many  perfons  of 
**  condition  &  intereft  in  the  Houfe  who  would  follow  their 
**  advice,   &  aflift  in  anything  they  defired  .  .   .  And  after 
**  their  deliberation   together,  what  was  to  be  put  in  writing 
"  was  always  committed  to  Mr.  Hyde  ;  and  when  the  King 
"  had  left  the  town,  he  writ  as  freely  to  the  King  as  either 
"  of  the   others  did    ....  and  now  when   the    governing 
**  party  had  difcovered   the  place  of  the    nightly  meetings, 
"  that  a  Secretary  of  State  and  a  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer 
"  every  day  went  to  the  lodging  of  a  private   perfon,   who 
"  ought  to  attend  them,  they  believed  it  a  condefcenfion  that 
*'  had   fome  other  foundation  than   mere  civility."     And  in 
another  remarkable  paflTage  he  fays  (i.  J30-133)  :  "  They  had  Sufplcions 
**  long  detefted  and  fufpe^ed   Mr.  Hyde,  from  the  time  of  againft 
"  their  firft  Remonftrance,  for  framing  the   King's  meflages  hiro* 
*'  and  anfwers,  which  they  now  every  day  received,  to   their 
*'  intolerable   vexation  :  yet   knew    not   how  to   accufe   him. 
"  But   now  that   the  Earls  of  Eflex    and    Holland  had  dif- 
'*  covered  his  being  fhut  up  with  the  King  at  Greenwich,  and  Hyde  fhut 
*'  the  Marquis  of  Hamilton  had  once  before  found  him  very  up  with 
"  early  in  private  with  the  King  at  Windfor,  at  a  time  when  Charles, 
**  the  King  thought  all  paflages  had  been  ftopped  ;  together 
"  with  his  being  of  late  more  abfent  from  the  Houfe  than  he 
**  had  ufed  to  be  j  and  the  refort  of  the  other  two  every  night 
"  to  his  lodging,  as  is  mentioned  before  j  fatilHed  them  that 
**  he  was  the  perfon.'* 


2  lO 


Complaint 
of  the 
King 
againft 
Pym. 


Pym's 
rejoinder. 


Meffages 
fent  be  tore 
voted. 


The 

Houfe 

warned 

againft 

treachery. 


Letter  to 
Pym, 


Jrreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

Compton,  the  member  for  Warwickfhire,  and 
Sir  Edward  Baynton,  who  fat  for  Chippenham, 
had  been  fent  with  a  meflage  from  the  Houfe 
to  the  King,  replying  to  a  complaint  againft 
one  of  Pym's  fpeeches,  they  reported  on  their 
return  that  they  had  duly  delivered  the 
meffage,  and  that  the  King  gave  them  for  an 
anfwer  that  he  was  altogether  unfatiffied  that 
Mr.  Pym  had  any  ground  for  the  bold  afler- 
tion  he  had  made.  Whereupon  Mr.  Pym 
ftood  up  and  faid  he  conceived  there  needed 
no  further  declaration  to  fatiffy  his  Majefty ; 
and  Sir  Edward  Baynton  called  the  attention 
of  the  Houfe  to  the  fad,  that  fuch  reply  from 
his  Majefty  was  not  given  upon  the  fudden, 
for  that,  as  they  gathered  from  fome  expreflions 
of  the  King,  ''  he  had  feen  the  faid  meflage 
"  before  they  gave  it  him.'*  *  In  like  manner 
alfo,  when,  fome  week  or  two  earlier,  the  famous 
ftruggle  with  the  Kingupon  the  Newmarket  De- 
claration had  been  in  progrefs,  D'Ewes  relatesf 
that  *'Mr.  Pym  delivered  in  a  letter  diredled 
to  him,  fuperfcribed  '  John  Pym,  Efq.  at 
'  his  Lodgings  in  Weftminfter,'  which  had 
been  found  by  Simon  Richardfon  and  John 
*f  Walker,  two  watchmen  of  Weftminfter,  in 
''  the  Palace  Yard.  It  had  no  name  to  it : 
''  but  the  writer  faid  in  y^'  beginning  of  it  that 
not    knowing    how    to    venture    fafely,    he 


cc 


cc 


cc 


cc 


•  HarL  MSS,  163,  f.  438  b.  f  Ibid  163,  f.  246  a. 


^  XXII.     Lord  Digby  and  Mr,  Hyde. 


21 1 


''  had  fent  him  this  letter,  and  caufed  it  to  be 
*^  dropped  in  the  ftreet,  having  done  fo  with 
"  two  formerly  :  notwithftanding  his  danger  if 
*'  he  ftiould  be  difcovered,  yet  he  had  adven- 
"  tured  out  of  love  to  his  country  to  give  him 
^^  timely  warning.  That  nothing  was  done  in 
'^  the  Eouje,  but  fome  able  members  a?nongJl  us 
^^fent  ity  as  well  as  all  mejfages  intended  for 
''  himy  to  his  Majefty  before  they  came  from  us^ 
**  and  fent  him  alfo  heads  ready  framed  for  his 
^^  anfwer s.  That  the  King  was  refolved  to 
''  ufe  force,  and  that  we  ftiould  find  the  Navy 
"  of  England  turned  againft  us.  That  he 
^^  had  heard  the  King  fay  he  had  the  nobility, 
"  gentry,  and  divers  honeft  men  of  his  fide. 
"  That  the  Parliament  had  irritated  the  mili- 
"  tary  men  and  denied  them  employment  in 
'^  Ireland,  and  fo  prepared  fwords  for  their 
"  own  throats." 

The  contents  of  the  letter  it  is  not  necefl^ary 
further  to  dwell  upon,  but  circumftances  gave 
to  them  afterwards  much  weight ;  and  that 
Hyde  was  diftinctly  aimed  at,  every  one  ap- 
pears to  have  taken  for  granted.  Means  were 
adopted  immediately  after  to  put  fome  check 
to  his  opportunities  of  treachery  ;  but  the  fad 
of  fuch  fecret  enemies  exifting  within  the 
Houfe,  more  dangerous  than  its  open  aflailants, 
and  fufpedted  ftrongly  while  yet  the  truth  was 
not  perfedly  eftabliflied,    ftiould  avail  againft 

any  hafty  or  harfli  judgment  of  the  precaution- 

p  2 


Able 
members 
informed 
againft. 


King's 
prepara- 
tions. 


Parlia- 
ment in 
danger. 


Charge 
aimed  at 
Hyde. 


212 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


^  XXII.     Lord  Dighy  and  Mr,  Hyde, 


213 


'    1i 


Self-de- 
fence 
againft 
treachery. 


Hyde  ac- 
cufed  of 
advifing 
arreft  : 


fuggeftion 
of  his 
friends  not 
to  defend 
it. 


Alleged 
fpeech 
upon  im- 
peach- 
ment. 


Grofs  mif- 
reprefen- 


ary  and  repreflive  meafures  which  It  forced  in 
(heer  felf-defence  upon  the  leaders. 

That  fufpicion  fhould  have  lighted  upon 
Hyde,  moreover,  as  foon  as  the  King's  attempt 
v^as  made,  will  hardly  feem  furprifing  after 
the  fecret  hiftory  that  D'Ewes  difclofes. 
This  fufpicion  he  frankly  confefTes  himfelf. 
He  tells  us*  that  fome  friends  of  his  who 
loved  him  very  well,  had  warned  him  that  he 
was  pointed  at  as  one  of  the  contrivers  of  the 
arreft,  all  the  more  certainly  becaufe  of  his 
known  friendfhip  with  Digby  ;  and  they  had 
advifed  him  fo  to  carry  himfelf,  in  the  debates 
which  fhould  arife  upon  it,  that  it  might  evi- 
dently appear  that  he  did  not  approve  of  it,  or 
was  privy  to  it.  Notwithftanding  which  good 
advice,  he  adds  in  another  place,  he  did  fpeak 
on  a  particular  occafion  in  a  fenfe  adverfe  to 
the  claim  of  parliamentary  privilege  in  matters 
of  treafon,  though  amid  noife  and  clamour, 
and  with  wonderful  evidence  of  diflike.f  He 
even  profeffes  to  give  an  abftradl  of  what  he 
faid;  and  would  appear  to  havefaidfo  ill,  that, 
but  for  the  purpofe  of  fhowing  how  poor  was 
the  ftrongeft  cafe  that  fuch  an  advocate  could 
put  againft  the  overwhelming  argument  on  the 
other  fide,  it  would  not  be  necefl^ary  to  give 
an  abftrad  of  it  here.  It  is  only  by  a  perfiftent 
mifreprefentation  that  he  makes  out  any  cafe 
at  all ;  for  it  cannot  be  too  often  repeated  that 


Hj/?.  ii.  136. 


\  Hijl.  ii.  138,  139. 


never,  from  the  firft  of  thefe  proceedings  to 
the  laft,  was  it  affumed  on  the  fide  of  the 
accufed  members  that  privilege  of  Parliament 
could  or  ought  to  run  in  a  cafe  of  felony  or 
treafon. 

On  the  occafion  now  pretended  (for  no 
circumftance  of  identification  is  conneded  with 
the  fpeech,  and  no  clue  given  to  when  it  was 
fpoken,  beyond  the  general  ftatement  that  it 
was  upon  certain  votes  being  propofed  ^'  at  the 
''  Committee'*  to  be  fubmitted  at  the  re- 
afiembling  at  Weftminfter),  Hyde  took  upon 
himfelf  to  warn  the  Houfe  to  take  heed  that 
they  did  not,  out  of  tendernefs  of  their  privi- 
lege, which  was  and  muft  be  very  precious  to 
every  man,  extend  it  further  than  the  law 
would  fuffer  it  to  be  extended  ;  that  the  Houfe 
had  always  been  very  fevere  upon  the  breach 
of  any  of  their  privileges,  and  in  the  vindi- 
cating thofe  members  who  were  injured  ;  but 
that  the  difpofing  men  to  make  themfelves 
judges,  and  to  refcue  themfelves  or  others, 
might  be  of  evil  confequence,  and  produce  ill 
efFecfls  :  at  leaft  if  it  fliould  fall  out  to  be,  that 
the  perfons  were  arrefted  for  treafon,  or  felony, 
or  breach  of  the  peace  ;  in  either  of  which 
cafes,  there  would  be  no  privilege  of  Parlia- 
ment.* All  which  was  as  well  known  to  Mr. 
Pym  and  Mr.  Hampden  as  to  Mr.  Hyde, 
nor  was   the    remoteft   pretence  to  afl'ert   or 

*  Hiji.n,  138-9. 


tation 
therein. 


Pretended 
occafion 
for  fpeech. 


Argument 
of  fpeech  : 


no  privi- 
lege for 
felony  or 
treafon  : 


undif- 
puted  by 
Pym  and 
Hampden. 


214 


Imputa- 
tion 
againft 
leaders  of 
the  Com- 
mons, 


No  proof 
exifting 
that  the 
fpeech  was 
fpoken. 


Hyde  not 
in  the 
Houfe  : 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

juftify   the   contrary  ever   fet   up   by  either. 
They   muft  have   fcouted  fuch  arguments,  if 
employed  at  all  ;  and  the  real  truth  I  believe 
to  be,  that  fuch  a  fpeech  was  never  fpoken. 

Of  courfe  it  tells  extremely  well  in  the 
Hlftory  of  the  Rebellion,  that  Mr.  Hyde, 
amid  noife  and  clamour,  and  with  wonderful 
evidence  of  diflike,  fhould  have  taken  a  line  of 
reafoningfo  manifeftly  juft,  that  if  we  believe 
him  to  have  ufed  it,  and  that  fuch  was  the 
reception  given  to  it,  we  muft  attribute  to  the 
leaders  on  the  other  fide,  to  whom  he  profefTes 
to  have  been  replying,  a  tone  and  argument 
as  manifeftly  ?^;/juft.  It  will  hereafter  be  feen 
more  plainly  how  falfe  fuch  an  inference  would 
be.  Suffice  it  for  the  prefent  to  point  out 
that  no  trace  of  any  fuch  remarks  by  Hyde, 
or  of  his  participation  in  one  of  the  de- 
bates arifing  out  of  thefe  tranfadions,  is 
difcoverable  in  any  ftiape  or  form.  From  the 
expreffions  ufed  it  might  be  affumed,  that  he 
was  fpeaking  on  the  Refolution  of  the  Houfe 
that  any  one  attempting  to  give  efFed  to  the 
confefted  illegality  of  the  Impeachment,  by 
arrefting  the  Members  whom  it  accufed,  and 
whom  the  King,  in  a  fubfequent  as  illegal  pro- 
clamation, had  outlawed,  would  be  guilty  of  a 
breach  of  privilege.  But  he  was  certainly  not 
prefent  when  that  refolution  was  moved.  He 
feems  to  wifli  us  to  infer,  that  the  fpeech  might 
have  been  delivered  on  one  of  the  days  when 


§  XXII.     Lord  Bighy  and  Mr.  Hyde. 


215 


,1 


the  Grocers'  Hall  Com.mittee  were  preparing 
refolutions  to  be  pafled  on  the  Houfe  re- 
aflembling.*  But  D'Ewes  has  carefully  reported 
each  day's  proceeding  of  that  Committee,  with- 
out the  remoteft  reference  to  Hyde. 

It  was  eafy,  in  ftiort,  with  no  record  of  the 
debates  exifting  to  confront  him,  to  take  the 
credit  of  having  fo  fpoken,  and  to  fling  upon 
the  popular  leaders  the  difcredit  of  having 
forced  him  fo  to  fpeak.  D'Ewes  now  enables 
us  to  ftate,  however,  with  an  almoft  abfolute 
certainty,  that  not  even  on  one  occafion  did 
this  adive  member  of  the  Houfe,  this  inceffant 
and  untiring  orator  againft  the  Remonftrance, 
fpeak  for  or  againft  the  proceedings  of  the  3rd 
and  4th  of  January.f  His  name  nowhere  ap- 
pears as  having  been  even  prefent.  Culpeper 
and  Falkland,  Sir  Ralph  Hopton  and  Mr. 
Herbert  Price,  noted  partizans  of  the  King, 
are  in  the  lift  of  the  Committee  appointed  to 

•  It  is  a  very  fignificant  circumftance,  with  reference  to  the 
doubt  thus  fuggefted,  that  in  his  text  as  undoubtedly  left  by 
himfclf  (in  a  lair  copy  made  by  his  fecretary)  for  publication, 
the  introdu6^ion  to  the  mention  of  this  fpeech  is  fimply  : 
<*  And  thefe  votes  the  Houfe  confirmed,  when  they  were 
"  reported  :  though  in  the  debate  it  was  told  them,  &c."  It  is 
onlv  from  the  notes  and  additions  found  by  comparifon  with 
one' of  his  additional  illuftrative  papers  (lettered  B),  that  the 
words  to  be  now  quoted  in  Italics  are  fupplied  by  the  edition 
of  1826:  "And  thefe  votes  the  Houfe  confirmed,  when 
"  they  were  reported:  njuhich  caufed  fome  debate ,  and  Mr. 
"  Hyde  {not'-withflandtng  the  good  advice  that  had  been  gi'ven 
*'  to  him)  told  them,^^  Sec.  &c.  ii.  139. 

t  When  upon  a  former  occafion  Hyde's  abfence  was  re- 
marked, his  friend  Falkland  had  to  fuggeft  an  excufe  for  it 
(Clarendon's  State  Papers,  ii.  141,  where  the  letter,  manifeftly 
belonging  to  March  1640-41  is  placed  under  1642):  fo  cun- 
ftant  and  pun6lual  were  his  ordinary  attendances. 


nor  at 

Guildhall 

or 

Grocers' 

Hall. 


No  evi- 
dence that 
Hyde  took 
part  in 
debates  on 
arreft. 


Incon- 
fiftency 
in  Hyde's 
MS. 


ai6  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 

meet  in  the  City  ;   but  not  Hyde.     Many  not 

on  the  lift  of  the  Committee,  to  which  all  who 

came  had  voices,  are  yet  carefully  recorded    as 

taking  part  in  the  debates.    But  no  where  do  we 

Reafons     find  Hyde's  name.     He  feems  to  have  been 

ingtim-^  fo    imprefTed  by  that    advice  of   the  friends 

^el^*  who  loved  him,  to  be  careful  not  to  fhow  any 

approval  of  the  King's  attempt,  as  for  the  time 

to  abfent  himfelf  from  the  Houfe  altogether. 

Prudent  advice  it  unqueftionably  was,  and 
given  doubtlefs  by  men  who  not  only   knew 
the    need  for    it   in    the  particular   cafe,    but, 
friendly  to  the  King  as  they  were,  faw  the  real 
ifliie  which  his  failure  had  made  inevitable,  and 
His  help    which  Hyde  could   now  better  help   by  other 
lSil\t^'  methods  than  that  of  public  fpeaking  in  par- 
where.      Hamcnt.     It  fhifted  the  ftruggle  to  other  fcenes 
than  thofe  it  had  heretofore   occupied.     Mr. 
Hallam   is  no   friendly  critic  of   the   popular 
leaders  at  this  crifis,  but  he  finds  himfelf  com- 
pelled to  admit  that  the  fingle  falfe  ftep  which 
Appeal  to  rendered  the  King's  affairs  irretrievable  by  any- 
force.        thing  fhort  of  civil  war,  and  placed  all  recon- 
ciliation  at    an  infuperable   diftance,    was  the 
attempt  to  feize  the  five   members  within  the 
walls   of  the    Houfe.*       Plainly,    it   was  an 


Hallam's 
view  of 
impeach- 
ment. 


*  Conjl.  Hift.  ii.  126  (ed.  1855).  "  An  evident  violation,'' 
Mr.  Hallam  adds,  ''not  of  common  privilege,  but  of  all 
"  fecurity  for  the  independent  exiftence  of  parliament,  in  the 
*'  mode  of  its  execution."  The  paflTage  of  his  Monarchy  or 
no  Monarchy  (ed.  1651),  in  which  William  Lilly  expreflly 
records  his  opinion  that  the  aft  of  the  4th  January  1641-2 
coft  Charles  the  Firft  his  crown,  is  well  worth  fubjoining  for 


§  XXII.     Lord  Digby  and  Mr,  Hyde. 

appeal  to  force.     Both  parties  felt  it,  and  both 
inftinc5lively  turned  in  the  diredion  where  alone, 

the  curious  fafts  it  contains,  and  for  its  incidental  corroboration 
of  much  that  has  been  adverted  to  in  my  text.     After  remarkmg 
that  the  refult  proved  that  the  King  had  really  no  evidence 
againft  the  acculed  members  but  his  own  thoughts,  as  he  hini- 
felf  confefled,  he   proceeds:   "And  furely,  had  it  been  in  his 
**  power  to  have  got  their  bodies,  he  would  have  ferved  thefe 
'*  members  as  he  did  Sir  John  Eliot,  whom  without  caufe  he 
'*  had  committed  to    the    Tower,   and   never  would   either 
**  releafe  him,  or  fhow  caufe  of  his  commitment,  till  his  death. 
"  This  ra(h  aftlon  of  the  King's  loft  him  his  crown.     For,  as 
*'  he  was  the  firft  of  kings  that  ever,  or  fo  imprudently,  brake 
*'  the  privileges  by  his  entrance  into  the  Houfe  of  Commons 
*'  aflembled  in  parliament,  fo,  by  that  unparalleled  demand  of 
*<  his,  he  utterly  loft  himfelf,  and  left  fcarce  any  pofTiblllty  ot 
"  reconcilement ;  he  not  being  willing  to  truft  them,  nor  they 
*'  to  tmft  him,   who  had  fo  often  failed  them.     It  was  my 
*'  fortune  that  day  to  dine  in  Whitehall,  and   In   that   room 
"  where  the  Halberts,  newly  brought  from  the  Tower,  were 
*'  lodged  for  theufe  of  fuch  as  attended  the  King  to  the  Houfe 
«*  of  Commons.     Sir  Peter  Wich,  ere  we  had   fully  dined, 
«*  came  into  the   room   I  was  in,  and  brake  open  the  chefts 
"  wherein  the  arms  were,   which  frighted  us  all  that  were 
**  there.   However,  one  of  our  company  got  out  ot  doors,  and 
*<  prefently  informed  fome  members  that  the  King  was  pre- 
"  paring  to  come  in  to  the  Houfe  :  elfe   I   believe   all  thofe 
*'  members,  or  fome  of  them,  would  have  been  taken  in  the 
*'  Houfe.     All  that  /  could  do  farther  was  prefently  to  be 
"  gone.     But   it  happened   alfo   the   fame  day  that  fome  of 
**  my  neighbours  were  at  the  Court  of  Guard  at  Whitehall, 
**  unto  whom   I  related  the  King's  prefent  defign,  and  con- 
*'  jured  them  to  defend  the  Parliament  and  members  thereof, 
"  in   whole   well  or  III  doing  confifted  our  happlnefs  or  mif- 
"  fortune.     They  promifed  affiftance,  if  need  were  j  and  I 
"  believe,  would  have  ftoutly  ftood  to   it  for  defence  of  the 
"  Parliament  or  members  thereof.     The  King  loft  his  reputa- 
"  tion   exceedingly   by    this   his  improvident  and  unadvifed 
«*  demand  :  yet,  notwithftanding  his  failure  of  fuccefs  in  the 
"  attempt,  fo  wilful  and  obftinate  was  he,  in  purfuance  of  that 
"  prepoftcrous  courfe  he  intended,  and  fo  defirous  to  compafs 
*'  the  bodies  of  thofe  five  members,  that  the  next  day  he  pofted 
•*  and  trotted  into  the  City  to  demand  the  members  there  :  he 
"  convened  a  meeting  at    the   Guildhall,  and   the  Common 
"  Council  affembled  :  but  mum  could   he  get  there  j  for  the 
"word,     London   Derry,    was    then    frefh    in    every   mans 
"  mouth."     Some  years  before,  againft  the   advice   even  ot 
Strafford    himfelf,  the  City  of   London  had   been  dragged 


217 


William 
Lilly  as  to 
arreft  of 
members. 


Coft  the 
King  his 
crown. 


All  confi- 
dence at 
an  end. 


A  dinner 
party  on 
day  of 
arreft. 


Belief  as 
to  outrage 
intended. 


King's 
obftinacy. 


■I  , 
■I  I 


P 


^  1 8  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members, 

for  either,  now  lay  ftrength  and  fafety.   Every- 
imprefllon  thing  depended  hereafter  on  the  impreffion  to  be 

to  be  made  j  i 

on  the        made  upon  the  people,  and  on  the  refponfe  it 
people.      might  be  pofTible  to  obtain  from  the  great  rnafs 
of  the  inhabitants  of  London. 


§  XXIII.     Sir  Simonds  D'Ewes  and 
Speaker  Lenthal. 

Further  BuT    before    refuming    the    courfe    of  mv 

paiile  in  •  i         i       •  ,  »         , 

narrative    narrative,  already  interrupted  by  the  neceflity 
required,    ^f  jnterpofing  the   foregoing  fedion,  it  feems 
defirable  to  make  further  paufe   for  introduc- 
tion of  other  matter  alfo   of  a  perfonal  kind, 
from  which  not  merely  the  general  fubjecfl,  but 
the  particular  fcenes  in  which  its  ftriking  intereft 
confifts,     will     receive     efTential     illuftration. 
What  is  foon   to   pafs    in   debate  within  the 
Houfe,  or  at  Guildhall   or   Grocers'  Hall  in 
the    City,    during   thofe    days  of  excitement 
following  the  attempted  arreft  which  wait  to 
be  defcribed,  will  have  for  its  principal  autho- 
)lTT      ^^^>'   ^^^  Journal  of  D*Ewes ;  and  while  that 
Diary  of    Hch  and  curious  manufcript  lies  open   before 
D'Ewes:    ^^^  j  pj-Qpofe,  bcforc  pafling  to   thofe   later 
fcenes,    to  draw  from    it   fome  inftances  and 
examples  in  proof  of  its  claim  to  be  received 
as  an  authentic  record,  by  which    the   pecu- 

into  the  Star  Chamber,  and,  on  the  falfe  pretence  of  fome 
invalidity  of  a  grant  by  James  the  Firft,  mulcted  not  only  of 
their  plantation  of  Derry,  but  in  a  heavy  fine  as  well. 


§  XXIII.     D'Ewes  and  Speaker  LenthaL 


219 


liarities  both  of  D'Ewes   and  Lenthal  will  be 
charafteriftically  difplayed,  and  amufing  as  well  illuftra- 
as    valuable   information    afforded    as    to   the  ^'^^^^^ 
forms,    the    ufages,    the    difcipline,    and    the  from  it. 
management  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons,*  in 
thefe  memorable  days  of  its  hiftory. 

Let  me,  then,  firft  imprefs  upon  the  reader 
(it  cannot  be  done  too  often  or  too  ftrongly) 
that  Sir  Simonds  D'Ewes  is  really,  in  regard 
to  all  the  matters  under  difcuflion  in  thefe 
pages,  fo  far  a  moft  reliable  witnefs,  that  his  DjEwes  a 
fympathies  were  never  decidedly,  or  at  all  witnefs. 
adively,  with  the  members  accufed  or  any  of 
their  more  intimate  friends.  Within  certain 
limits,  his  ftrong  Puritan  opinions,  and  the 
deference  really  felt  for,  and  paid  to,  his  know- 
ledge of  precedents  and  conftitutional  forms, 
caufed  him  to  ad:  fteadily  with  them  ;  but  the  Not  a 

.11  1  thorough- 

more  attention  he  received,  the  more  he  was  g^jng 

difpofed  to  claim,  until,  taking  literally  a  half  F^^^y 

jefting  remark  made  by  Sir  William  Lytton  \ 

that  really  the  Houfe  could  not  poiTibly  fpare 

him,  he  put  himfelf  forward  fo  inceflantly  on 

every    queftion,   embarraffed  fo  many  by  his 

pedantic    exaggeration    of    trifling    rules    and 

*  For  others  I  may  be  allowed  to  refer  the  reader  (all 
repetitions  here  of  matter  formerly  publifhed  being  carefully 
avoided)  to  the  notes  to  the  EfTay  on  the  Debates  of  the  Grand 
Remonrtrance  in  Hijl.  and  Biog.  EJfaySy  i.  i-i7S- 

f  He  had  been  of  material  lervice  to  the  member  for 
Hertfordfliire  in  expofing  the  forged  fignatures  to  a  royalift 
petition  from  that  county.  See  my  Hijh  and  Biog.  EfajSf 
i.  89. 


220  Arreji  of  the  Five  Members, 

forms,  and  fpared  the   Houfe  itfelf  fo  little, 

that  even    his  extraordinary  learning   loft   its 

Differ-      relifh,  and  he  fell  into  fad  perfonal  differences 

the  leaders.  "^^^^  ^^^  leaders,  even  while  in  hearty  agreement 

with  their  general  policy  and  aims.    Hampden 

became  too    '^  ferpentine"  and   ^^fubtle''  for 

him.      Denzil  Hollis  was  too  "  proud  "  and 

*^  ambitious."      Strode  was  too    much    of  a 

*' firebrand"    and    '^notable    profaner  of  the 

Scriptures,"    and    had    "too    hot    a  tongue.'' 

Epithets    Glyn    alfo  was   a  *' fwearing  profane  fellow." 

thi^popJ-^  Hafelrig  was  too  '' violent."  Harry  Marten  was 

]ar  chiefs,  a  "  fiery  heathen,"  and  had  a  too  "  fcurrilous 

"  and  windy  wit."  With  a  fneer,  in  like  manner, 

he  qualifies  an  attack  upon  the  impetuofity  of 

Nathaniel  Fiennes,   "  though  he  hath  amongft 

**  his  other  good  parts  an  able  voice."     And 

if  he  does  not   ufe    the  fame  tone  or  apply 

fimilar  epithets  to  Pym  (all  now  quoted  were 

tlferaln^of  ^PP'^^^  within  a  very  few    weeks  of  the  in- 

Pym.        cidents  in  this  narrative,  for,  at  a  later  time, 

he   ufed    even    lefs    fcrupulous   fpeech),   it  is 

becaufe     that    great    popular   leader,    with    a 

profound    knowledge  of    the  ftrength   of  his 

Pym  more  party,  had  alfo  a  wife  deference  for  the  weak- 

him.^"  "  nefles  and  vanity   of  individual  members   of 

it,  and  was  always  ready  with  the  conceflion 

that    fubftantially    yielded     nothing,    while    it 

foftened  anger,  quieted  fears,  and  was  foothing 

to  felf-efteem. 

To  take  one  inftance  out  of  many*  which  will 


^ 


§  XXIII.     D'Ewes  and  Speaker  Lenthal, 


0.71 


to 


alfo  fhow  the  perfonal  pofition  in  which  D*Ewes 
generally  ftood  to  the  party  with  whom  com- 
monly he  adled,  I  give  his  account  of  an  inci- 
dent, full  of  charadler,  which  arofe  out  of  the 
difcuflion  of  one  of  the  anfwers  to  a  meflage  Difcuflion 
of  the  King  in  the  courfe  of  the  prefent  dif-  "nrw^rs 
ferences.     Pym  had  drawn  up  the  anfwer,  and  a  royal 
fome    exprefiions     in    it    were     ftrongly    ob-         ^  ' 
jec5led  to  by  Mr.  John  Vaughan,  the  Royalift 
member  for  Cardigan,  when  fuddenly  it  oc- 
curred to  D'Ewes  that  there  might  be  fome- 
thing  in  the  objedlion  fo  taken. 

^^  Mr.  Pym  read  the  Anfwer,  or  Declara- 
*'  tion,  to  his  Majefty's  meflage.  Divers 
*^  called  to  have  it  put  to  the  queftion,  but 
*^  Mr.  Vaughan  ftood  up  and  defired  us  to 
"  confider  well  two  things  in  it  :  i.  the  King's 
^^  raifing  of  men  to  be  to  the  terror  of  his 
*^  people  ;  ii.  where  we  faid  we  would  not 
^^  obey  his  Commiflloners.  Mr.  Pym  anf- 
*^  wered  him  fomewhat  fuperficially"  (D'Ewes 
means,  in  the  literal  fenfe  of  the  word,  that 
Pym  fpoke  curforily  or  flightingly),  "  and  yet 
*^  divers  called  to  put  the  Declaration  to  the 
*^  queftion  :  which  made  me,  juft  as  the 
*^  Speaker  was  ftanding  up  to  put  the  quef- 
**  tion,  to  fay  " — urging  thereon  more  ftrongly 
Mr.  Vaughan*s  objedion.  "  As  I  was  pro- 
^^  ceeding,"  he  refumes,  "  fome  indifcreet 
*^  and  violent  fpirits  interrupted  me,  and  isaflkiled 
"  called  —  to    the    Queftion  !       Whom    the  fpirits. 


Objection 
taken  by 
Royalift 
members. 


D'Ewes 

fupports 
obje6lion. 


i 

I 


I 


222 


Perfifts  in 
fpite  of 
them. 


Receives 
encour- 
agement. 


Pym's 
"  difcre- 
tion  and 
n:odefty : " 


adopts 
the  amend- 
ment. 

Mr.  Strode 
lefs  civil  : 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

^^  Speaker  having  fir  ft  reproved,  I  went  on." 
The  worthy  Baronet  very  decidedly  exprefled 
himfelf,  in  fhort,  in  favour  of  moderate  and 
conciliatory  fpeech.  '^  It  concerned  us  much 
"  to  weigh  all  our  exprefTions,  and  not  leave 
*^  the  kingdom  without  all  hope  or  poflibility 
'^  of  an  accomodation  between  his  Majefty  and 
*^  us,  left  fo  we  precipitate  things  into  fpeedy 
"  confufion.  After  I  had  done  Mr.  Peard 
"  flood  up,  and  did  with  great  vehemency 
*^  reprove  thofe  indifcreet  and  foolifh  members 
*^  who  had  interrupted  me  firft :  fhowing 
*^  breach  of  privilege,  &c.  When  I  fat  down, 
*'  many  difcreet  and  fober  members  called  on 
*^  me  ftill  to  fpeak  and  go  on.  And  Mr.  Pym 
*'  alfo,  who  had  made  report  of  the  faid  Decla- 
"  ration,  did  with  much  difcretion  and  modefty 
"  approve  what  I  had  fpoken,  and  coming 
^'  himfelf  to  the  Clerk's  table,  did  amend  the 
"  faid  Declaration  according  to  the  advice  I 
"  had  given."  (It  involved  httle  beyond  the 
change  of  a  few  letters.)  ^^  Which  being  read 
'^  was  approved  of,  and  thofe  indifcreet  fpirits 
"  that  interrupted  me  had  not  a  word  to  fay 
*'  againft  it."* 

On  the  other  hand  obferve  the  conduct  of 
that  "  firebrand  ''  Mr.  Strode,  on  a  precifely 
fimilar  occafion,  when  what  is  called  the 
Newmarket  Declaration  was  under  difcuflion. 
"  Divers,"  fays  D*Ewes,   "  fpake    after  me ; 

*  HarL  MSS,   163,  f.  467  b.      Another  fimilar  inftance 


§  XXIII.     D'Ewes  and  Speaker  LenthaL 


223 


''  and    Mr.    William    Strode,  having    fpoken  ^pe^ks 

*^  twice  before,  ftood   up  and  fpake  the  third 

''  time,  and  related  the  fame  matter  in  fub- 

"  ftance ;    which    made    me    ftand    up    and 

*  ^  fpeak  to  the  order  of  the  houfe  and  inter- 

*^  rupt  him,  &c.      He  fat    down,  and  divers  and  gets 

''  laughed,  and  fome  fpake  after  him."*  ^^"^^^^hed 

Generally  it  is  to  be  remarked,  upon  all  thefe 
fcenes,  much  to  the  credit  of  the  Houfe,  that  Good 
the  moderation  and  temper  of  D'Ewes,  when  ^^e  Houfe. 
difcreetly  put  forward,  feems  hardly  ever  to  have 
failed  of  its  efFed.     When  the  Declaration  was 
under  difcuffion,  in  which,   upon  intelligence 
received  of  the  fchemes  fet  on  foot  for  raifing 
money   abroad,  fome  very  plain  truths  were 
addrefled   to   the  King,   he   interfered,  almoft  Modera- 
as  zealoufly  as  Sir   Ralph  Hopton,  and  much  d^-ewcs. 
more  fuccefffully,  to  obtain  abatement  of  fome 
of  its  terms.     He  had  left  the  Houfe  between 
four  and  five  o'clock  that  afternoon, f  while  the 
debate   was    in    progrefs,   and    on  his    return 
between  five  and  fix  he  found  Sir  Ralph  with- 
drawn into  the  committee  chamber,  and  the 

will  be  found  of  a  moderating  expreflion  moved  by  Pym  and 
feconded  by  D'Ewes,  Ibid  163,  f.  518  b. 

*  HarL  MSS.  163,  f.  431  a. 

t  In  a  chara6leriltic  entry  of  earlier  date,  D'Ewes  lets  us 
into  the  fccret  of  thefe   retreats  from  the  Houl'e  during  the 
afternoon   hours   of   a   long   debate.     *'I   returned   into   the 
*'  Houfe,"  he   fays,    "between   5  and  6  o'clock,  at  night,  and 
"  it   was   my   good   fortune  that  I   withdrew   fo    feafonably  With- 
"  between  2  and  3  as  I  did,   having   by  that   means  freedom  drawing 
"  for  fome  hours,  and  convenience  of  fupping  in  time,  and  on  tor 
**  my   return  I  heard  almoft  the  whole  matter  debated  over  fupper. 
"  again."     Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  354  b. 


224 

Propofed 
cenlure  of 
Sir  Ralph 
Hopton. 


Pope 
foliciting 
help 
againft 
Knglifh 
Parlia- 
ment. 


King 
accufed  of 
Popifh 
deligns. 


Too  many 
grounds 
for  I'uch 
imputa- 
tion. 


En^rlifli 
politics  at 
Kome. 


Letter  to 
Hyde  from 
brother- 
in-law. 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

Houfe  in  fliarp  debate  what  cenfure  to  lay 
upon  him.  ^'  The  words  he  had  fpoken  were 
"  occafioned  on  the  reading  of  that  part  of 
"  the  Declaration  which  fhowed  that  the  Pope's 
*^  Nuncio  had  folicited  the  Kings  of  France 
'^  and  Spain  to  fend  each  of  them  4000/.  to 
"  his  Majefty  againft  the  Parliament,  and  that 
^^  we  did  believe  his  Majefty  could  not  give 
'^  ear  to  fuch  counfels  unlefs  he  meant  to 
*^  change  his  religion.  Upon  which  the  faid 
'^  Sir  Ralph  Hopton  ftood  up  and  fpake 
^'  very  vehemently  againft  the  faid  article, 
*'  faying,  amongft  other  particulars,  that  we 
"  did  thereby  charge  the  King  with  apoftacy.* 

•  Clarendon  refers  to  this  incident,  and  fays  that  Hopton 
charged  the  Houfe  with  accufing  the  King  of  deligns  favourable 
to  Popery  on  evidence  that  would  not  hang  aconftable.  But, 
to  fay  nothing  of  the  letters  found  after  Nafeby,  all  that  has 
fmce  been  difcovered  of  the  fecret  purpofes  and  defperate 
expedients  reforted  to  by  Charles  the  Firft,  tends  dire611y  to 
fhow  how  thoroughly  well  informed,  though  unable  always  to 
give  up  their  informants,  the  leaders  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons 
were.  As  to  Charles's  undoubted  negotiations  for  the  pro- 
curing foreign  help  againft  the  Parliament  on  condition  of 
fpecial  ccfTions  to  the  Roman  Catholic  faith,  fee  my  EJfaySy 
i.  75-6.  Let  me  add  that  there  is  a  very  curious  letter  in  the 
Clarendon  State  Papers  (ii.  141-2)  which  may  be  quoted,  not 
only  in  aid  of  what  has  been  faid  (ante,  32  and  49)  of 
the  fufpicion  of  Secretary  Windebank's  illegal  praflices  in 
favour  of  the  Roman  Catholic  religion,  but  in  proof  of  the 
intereft  with  which  Englifh  politics  were  now  regarded  in 
Rome,  and  of  the  prudent  and  fomewhat  ominous  refervc 
which,  precifely  at  the  very  date  of  the  incident  delcribed  in 
my  text,  had  fallen  fuddenly  on  the  Pope's  nephew  and  one  of 
the  leading  Cardinals,  otherwife  accuftomed,  as  it  would  feem, 
largely  to  indulge  in  garrulity  about  England.  Writing,  to  his 
brother-in-law  Hyde,  from  Rome  at  the  ciofe  of  March  1642, 
Mr.  Aylclbury  lays  :  "  The  laft  week,  we  came  from  Naples  j 
"  where  we  met  with  an  Englifli  Francifcan  Friar,  called 
*'  Father  Morton  j  who  ufed  us  exceeding  civilly,  and  has  a 


§  XXIII.     jyEwes  and  Speaker  LenthaL 


225 


cc 


*'  After  which,  though  he  explained  himfelf,  Hopton's 
'^  and  acknowledged  his  fault  to  proceed  from  °^^"^^* 
'  his  miftake,  yet  the  Houfe  would   not   reft 
fatisfied,  but   caufed   him   to  withdraw.*'* 
When    D'Ewes  entered,  Sir  Henry  Herbert, 
the  member  for  Bewdley,  was  fpeaking  in  miti- 
gation of  his    offence  (againft   a  propofition 
for   difabling     him    which     the    member    for  Hisexpul- 
Bletchingly,  Sir  John  Evelyn,  had  ftarted),  and  ^'^^owtd. 
in  favour  of  the  more  moderate  fuggeftion  that 
he  lliould  be  permitted  to  purge  his  fault  by  a 
few  days  lodgment  in  the  Tower.     Such  cen- 

*'  great  mind  to  go  into  England  to  accufe  Seer''  Windebank 
"  of  greater  matters  than  the  parliament  ever  laid  to  his 
<*  charge.  I  affure  you  the  difcourfe  he  makes  of  him  is 
"  very  good  fport  j  and  in  thefe  fad  times  I  could  wifh  you 
*'  had  him  amongft  you  to  make  you  merry.  At  Rome  there 
"  are  graver  gentlemen  ;  but  I  ur-lerftand  nothing  of  them 
"  but  their  civility,  which  is  as  much  as  can  be  imagined. 
**  Indeed,  from  the  higheft  to  the  bweft,  they  are  all  fo.  The 
"  other  day  we  were  with  the  Cardinal  Francefco  Barberino 
"  the  Pope's  nephew,  and  had  a  long  audience  of  him,  but 
"  not  a  word  of  England,  though  I  fought  all  I  could  to  put 
him  into  that  difcourfe  of  which  he  is  very  well  informed 
and  at  other  times  liberal  enough.  For,  Sir  Walter  Pye 
having  been  with  him  fome  days  before,  all  his  difcourfe 
was  to  perfuade  him  that  the  troubles  of  England  and 
Ireland  have  never  been  fomented  by  any  of  the  Pope's 
••  minifters  :  and  that  they  all  wiflied  the  flouriftiing  eftate  of 
**  our  country.  Befides,  he  made  particular  mention  to  him 
"  of  Mr.  Pym,  Mr.  Hampden,  Mr.  Hollis,and  fome  others." 
What  fort  of  "  particular  mention  "  Pym  and  Hampden  are 
likely  to  have  attrafted  to  themfelves  in  the  halls  and  council 
chambers  of  the  Vatican,  it  would  not  be  difficult  to  imagine  j 
and  he  muft  have  been  a  very  clever  Cardinal  indeed  if  he 
managed  to  imprefs  any  Englifti  traveller  with  the  belief  that 
he,  one  of  the  higheft  dignitaries  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
Church,  took  an  impartial  intereft  in  the  welfare  of  thofe 
famous  members  of  the  Englifti  Commons.  The  reference, 
however,  is  at  leaft  remarkable. 

*  HarL  MSS.  163,  f.  410  3.-414  b. 


II 


(( 


(( 


t< 


<( 


(< 


The 

Pope's 

nephew: 


fays  he 
has  not 
fomented 
Englifti 
troubles. 


His  **  inte- 
reft''  in 
Pym  and 
Hampden. 


226 


D*Ewes's 

fpeech  in 
mitiga- 
tion. 


Inter- 
rupted by 
the  hot 
fpirlts. 


Appeals 
to  order. 


His  fiig- 
geftion 
adopted 
by  Houfe. 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members, 

fures  being  very  much  matter  of  precedent, 
Sir  Simonds  at  once  plunged  into  the  debate, 
and  claimed  hearing  from  the  Speaker.  But 
Sir  John  Evelyn  was  fo  loudly  called  for,  that 
D'Ewes  was  f^iin,  after  beginning  his  fpeech, 
to  give  way.  "  After  Sir  John  fat  down,"  he 
proceeds,  ''  I  flood  up  to  continue  my  former 
"'  fpeech  where  I  left  ofF;  but  fome  violent 
«^  fpirits,  whom  otherwife  I  cfteemed  very 
"  honcft  men,  fearing  that  by  my  fpeaking  I 
^^  might  prevent  the  putting  of  the  queftion 
''  for  difabling  Sir  Ralph,  which  I  did,  would 
*^  fain  have  interrupted  me,  crying  out  He  hath 
"  fpoken  !  he  hath  fpoken  !  But  they,  being 
'*  foon  afhamed  of  the  breach  of  the  order  of 
*'  the  Houfe  and  their  own  violence,  became 
^'  filent  and  I  proceeded,  fhowing  that  indeed 
'^  my  very  worthy  friend  on  the  other  fide 
"  (and  here  I  pointed  to  Sir  John  Evelyn) 
"  did  break  the  order  of  the  Houfe  in  inter- 
/^  rupting  me  after  I  had  begun.'* 

The  refult  of  Sir  Simonds's  interference 
was  the  more  moderate  courfe  of  fending 
Hopton  to  the  Tower ;  and  when  Sir  Walter 
Earle,  upon  this,  moved  that  Sir  Ralph  ftiould 
not  be  enlarged  but  in  a  full  Houfe,  D^Ewes 
fenfibly  pointed  out  what  injuftice  this  vague 
exprefiion  might  involve,  and  induced  the 
majority  to  confent  to  receive  the  petition  for 
releafe  on  any  day  when  tendered,  provided 
always  it  was  between  the  hours  of  two  and 


§  XXIII.     D'Ewes  and  Speaker  Lenthal. 

four  o'clock.  He  then  goes  on  to  fay,  that,  the 
original  debate  on  the  Declaration  having 
been  refumed,  he  objedled  himfelf  to  expref- 
fions  in  it,  ^^  condemning  them  almoft  as 
'^  much  as  Sir  R.  Hopton  had  done,  but  with 
*^  better  fuccefs,  for  amendment  enfued  on  my 
*^  motion."  Still  he  was  not  fatiffied ;  and 
when,  on  the  following  day,  it  was  finifhed  and 
pafled  upon  the  queftion,  he  adds  :  ^^  many  par- 
"  ticulars  continuing  in  it,  full  of  irritating  and 
^^  rigid  expreflions  to  his  Majefty  concerning 
'^  his  own  words  and  adlions,  which  I  utterly 
^^  mifliked :  for  we  might  have  declared  the 
'^  whole  and  naked  truth  as  well  in  reverential 
*^  and  humble  words,  as  in  fo  high  and  afperous 
''  terms."* 

Upon  another  occafion,  however,  he  found 
himfelf  lefs  decidedly  in  fympathy  with  that 
ardent  royalift,  "  Hopton  of  the  Weft,"  and 


227 


Makes 
fimilar 
objeflion 
to  Hop- 
ton's  : 


with 

better 

fuccefs. 


D'Evves's 
love  of 
moderate 
fpeech. 


Another 
cafe  for 
cenfure. 


marJ 


•  Harl,  MSS.  163,  f.  414  b.  On  that  fame  day  fo  re- 
arkable  an  entry  appears  aifo  in  D'Ewes's  Journal,  carrying 
with  it  fuch  marks  of  generous  confideration  on  the  part  of 
the  Houfe  to  the  memory  of  a  great  opponent,  that  the  reader 
will  thank  me  for  fubjoining  it.  *«  Upon  Mr.  Denzil  Hollis's 
*'  motion  it  was  ordered  that  the  young  Earl  Strafford,  being 
*'  fome  fifteen  years  old,  being  nephew  to  the  faid  Mr.  Hollis, 
"  being  his  filler's  fon,  and  whom  the  King  by  letters  patent 
"  created  Earl  Strafford  fmce  the  attainder  of  his  father,  (hould 
"  continue  his  troop  in  Ireland  and  receive  his  pay  thereof, 
"  though  he  were  not  there  prefent :  the  faid  Mr.  Hollis  under- 
*'  taking  to  fee  his  abfence  properly  fupplied."  It  is  curious 
that  the  order  which  rendered  this  Ipecial  application  neceffary, 
was  one  introduced  under  the  government  of  the  young  man's 
father,  the  great  Earl  j  who  refilled  nothing  more  (trongly  in 
Ireland  than  the  abufe  of  abfenteelfm  and  non-refidence  in 
every  pofTible  form^  whether  it  were  in  the  captains  of  regiments 
or  the  proprietors  of  eftates. 

Q  2 


Remark- 
"able  entry 
in  Journal. 


Generofity 
of  Houfe 
to  Straf- 
ford's fon. 


228 


Sir  Ed- 
ward 
Dering's 
publifhed 
fpeeches. 


D'Ewes's 

indigna- 
tion 
thereat. 


Would 
have 

Deringex 
pelled. 


Denoun- 
ces his 
vain-glori 
ous  pre- 
face. 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

by  no  means  difpofed  to  mitigate  punifhment 
to  an  offending  member.  This  was  when  Sir 
Edward  Bering,  in  lefs  than  a  month  after  the 
arreft  of  the  members,  had  printed  his  fpeeches 
againft  the  Grand  Remonftrance,  with  a  preface 
fo  ill-judged  and  indifcreet,  remarking  upon 
members  of  the  Houfe  and  otherwife  fcandal- 
izing  its  orders  of  debate,  that  opportunity 
was  taken  to  vote  his  expulfion.  The  propofal 
found  an  ardent  fupporter  in  D'Ewes.  He 
had  no  mercy  for  any  one  who  departed  from 
precedent,  violated  old  ufage,  or  committed 
breaches  of  parliamentary  decorum  ;  and,  enter- 
ing the  Houfe  juft  as  the  debate  began,  and 
finding  attempts  made  to  evade  the  motion 
by  no  fharper  cenfure  than  the  Tower,  he  tells 
us  that  he  loft  all  patience. 

*^  After  I  had  heard  divers  fpeak,"  he  fays, 
*^  and  faw  a  great  part  of  the  Houfe  begin  to 
"  incline   to   inflidl    no  other  punifhment  on 

• ''  him  than  fending  him  to  the  Tower,  I  was 
'^  very  much  troubled  at  it;    efpecially  when 

/^  Sir  R.  Hopton  faid  that  we  might  retain 
'^  him  becauje  of  his  great  parts,'*  At  this, 
unable  to  contain  himfelf  any  longer,  he  ftarted 
up ;  detailed  the  offences  of  the  book ; 
denounced  the  prefumption  of  the  author ; 
defcribed  him  fo  overvaluing  himfelf  in  his 
'^  moft  fcandalous,  feditious,  and  vain-glorious 
performance,*'  as  if  he  had  been  able  of  him- 
felf to  weigh  down  the  balance  of  that  Houfe 


-  cc 


§  XXIII.     D'Ewes  and  Speaker  Lenthal.  229 

on  either   fide  when  he  pleafed  ;    pointed  out 
the  evil   confequence  of  printing  fuch  argu- 
ments, without  allufion  to  the  anfwers  made 
thereto  ;  dwelt  upon  the  outrage  to  the  free-  Bering's 
dom  of  debate   as  unpardonable,    feeing   that  ^"^^  ^^^ 
he  had  therein  difcovered  the  fecrets  of  the  Houfe. 
Houfe,  had  difcredited  the  ads  of  the  Houfe, 
and  had  named  members  of  the  Houfe  (among 
them  Mr.   O.  C.   by  which  the  member  forMrO-C. 

1-1        •  1     i\  I.        libelled. 

Cambridge    was    plamly    mtended)    to    their 
difgrace  ;  and  he  concluded  by  declaring  that 
if  he  himfelf,  member  for  Sudbury,  fliould  ever 
be  fo  unfortunate  as  to  offend  that  aifembly 
in  fo  high  a  nature,  he  would  rather  hide  him- 
felf for  ever  in  a  cell  than  enter  again  within 
thofe  walls !     ''As  foon,"  he  continues,  "  as  I 
"  had  fpoken,  having   delivered  myfelf  with 
''  fome  vehemence,  the  Speaker  faid  prefently  Mr. 
''  to  fome  about  his  Chair,  '  You  may  fee,  now,  ll^^^^^l 
**  ^  what  Sir  Edward  Dering's  friends  have  pro-  ments 
"  ^  cured  him,  by  endeavouring  to  haveafmalL 
*'  '  cenfure  pafledupon  him.'"*    The  tide  had 
turned  againft  Sir  Edward.     The  determina- 
tion   became    ftrong,    not  only  to    expel  the 
writer,  but  to  put  a  mark  of  opprobrium  on 
the  book  ;  and  though  D'Ewes  fenfibly  refifted 
Sir  Walter  Earle's  motion  for  ''  calling  it  in,"  .^^Jp. 
on  the  ground  that  fuch  a  proceeding  would  fion  of  a 
raife  the  price  of  it  from  fourteen  pence  to 

*  Had.  MSS.  162,  f.  366  b. 


2,3  o 

will  ralfe 
value  from 
fourteen 
pence  to 
fourteen 
(hillings. 


Dering 
expelled 
and  his 
book 
burnt. 


A  fuggef- 
tion  from 
Mr.  Oliver 
Cromwell. 


Will 
D'Ewes 
anfvver 
Dering  ? 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members, 

fourteen  fhillings,  and  haften  a  new  impreflion,* 
he  did  not  oppofe  Mr.  Oliver  Cromwell's 
fuggeftion  for  remitting  it  to  the  hands  of  the 
common  hangman.  It  was,  by  a  majority  of 
85  to  61,  ordered  to  be  burnt  in  Palace  Yard, 
Cheapfide,  and  Smithfield,  on  the  Friday 
following.  Dering  was  expelled  ;  and  a  war- 
rant iffued  for  a  writ  for  Kent  to  choofe  a  new 
knight. 

Between  that  day  and  the  next,  however,  a 
doubt  feems  to  have  occurred  to  the  honor- 
able member  for  Cambridge  whether  to  burn  a 
book  were  quite  the  beft  way  of  anfwering  any 
dangerous  matter  contained  in  it;  and  D'Ewes 
relates  accordingly  what  took  place    near   the 
clofe  of  the    fitting  on    the  following  day.f 
'  Mr.   Oliver  Cromwell,*'  he  fays,  '^  moved 
^  that  Sir  E.  Dering*s  book,  lately  fet  out  by 
'  him,   had  many  dangerous  and   fcandalous 
'  pafTages  in  it,  by  which  many  muft  be  de- 
^  ceived  and  led  into  an  ill  opinion  concerning 
'  the  proceedings  of  this  Houfe  ;    and  there- 
'  fore  defired   that  fome  able  member  of  the 
*  Houfe  might  be  appointed  to  make  a  fhort 
'  confutation  of  the  fame.       And    then    he 
'  nominated  Me.     Which  made  me  prefently 
^  ftand  up  and  anfwer,  that  I  conceived  that 
the  gentleman  who  laft  fpoke  did  not  dream 


*  This  pafTage  of  the  debate  was  referred  to  in  my  Hiji. 
and  Biog.  EJfays^'i.  89,  but  the  details  here  given  have  not 
before  been  prefented.  f  Harl,  MSS.  162,  f.  368  a. 


§  XXIII.     D'Ewes  and  Speaker  LenthaL 


231 


'^  that  it  was  now  near  7  of  the  clock  at  night, 

''  or  elfe  that   he  would  not  at  this  time  have 

*'  made  fuch   a  motion  as  he  did:    for,  if  I 

''  could  but  gain  fome  fpare   time  from  the 

''  public  fervice  of  the  Houfe,   I  have  other  D'Ewes^ 

^^  things  to  print,   of    more  public   ufe  and  has  better 

"  benefit   than    the    confutation    of    Sir    E.  [^'^^' 

''  Dering's  fpeech  could  be  :    and  therefore  I 

««  defired    that    the    gentleman    himfelf  who 

''  made  the  motion,  might  be  defired  to  under- 

"take    the   tafk.     The  Speaker  then  defired  |^;g{jj^^ 

"  that  I  would  print  that,  that  would  be  for  the  Cromwell 

,       •  1       1  •  1-        •    .•    do  It  ? 

''  public  good.'*  And  with  this  polite  inti- 
mation from  Mr.  Speaker,  unfeconded  by  any 
eagernefs  on  Mr.  Cromwell's  part  to  aflume 
himfelf  the  literary  labour  he  would  have 
impofed  on  D'Ewes,  the  fubjed:  dropped. 

It  will  not  be  out  of  place  to  conned  with  Other 

r  1         •  r  j."L    proofs  of 

it,  and  the  illuftrations  formerly  given  ot   the  J)'Ewes's 
general  truftworthinefs,  as  well   as   temperate  accuracy, 
and  moderate  fpirit,  of  a  man  to  whofe  manu- 
fcript  record  ofthe  events  under  notice  this  nar- 
rative has  been,  and  will  be,  fo  largely  indebted, 
further  and  very  ftriking  proof  of  his    inde- 
pendent honefty  and  confcientioufnefs  in  regard 
to  his  Journal.     It  is  this  in  truth  which  gives 
it  a  charader  of  accuracy  and  original  authority  o^»s|."^|j 
that    none  of  the    many  other  exifting  MS.  journal, 
journals  of  this  time,  which  on  examination  turn 
out  to  be,  for  the  moft  part,  mere  tranfcripts 
from  the  official  records  of  the  Houfe,  can  in 


232 


!l 


HoUis 
would 
alter  a 
mefiage 
voted. 


The  mcf- 
fage 
already 
printed. 


Who 

copies 

nightly 

from 

Clerk's 

Journals  ? 


Falkland 
and  two 
others. 


But  not 
D'Ewes  : 

he  reports 
*'  out  of 
his  head :" 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 

the  leaft  lay  claim  to.  In  the  midft  of  the  events 
under  notice,  when  a  meflage  had  been  voted, 
late  one  evening,  to  the  King,  Denzil  Hollis 
brought  it  again  before  the  Houfe  the  follow- 
ing morning,  with  a  view  to  an  alteration  in  the 
wording  which  he  defired  to  fuggeft. 

"  But,"  D'Ewcs  continues,  *^  Sir  Guy 
Palmes  faid  he  did  not  know  how  it  could 
well  be  ordered,  becaufe  the  votes  were 
already  printed.  Thereupon  fome  thought 
that  the  clerk  or  his  men  had  given  it  out  : 
others  that  it  might  be  tranfcribed  by  fome 
of  the  Houfe.  So  the  clerk  was  aflced  who 
did  conftantly  write  out  of  his  Journal  Book 
every  night  after  the  Houfe  was  rifen  ;  and 
he  faid  the  Lord  Falkland  only  (who  had 
lately  been  made  principal  Secretary).  Then 
they  afked  him  who,  alfo,  did  fometimes 
write  out  of  the  faid  Journal  Book,  or  were 
prefent ;  and  he  faid,  Mr.  Moore  and  Mr. 
Bodvill  did  often  write  out  of  the  fame,  and 
that  myfelf  was  fometimes  prefent.  But  I, 
miftaking  him,  and  conceiving  that  he 
ranked  me  amongft  the  tranfcribers  (who 
fcarcely  wrote  3  words  out  of  his  Journal 
Book  in  3  months),  was  very  angry  with 
him,  and  flood  up  and  faid,  that  I  was  indeed 
often  prefent  when  others  tranfcribed  out 
of  the  faid  Journal,  but  did  myfelf  write  not 
out  of  that  hut  out  of  my  head:  and  there- 
fore I  defired  that  the  clerk  might  name  the 


%  XXIII.     B'Ewes  and  Speaker  Lenthal  IZZ 

''  time  when  I  tranfcribed  anything  out  of  his  "l^""^^^^ 
''  Journal.    With  which  the  houfe  refling  fatif-  hand. 
''  fied,  as  I  conceived,  I  troubled  myfelf  no 
''  further  about  it.      But  Mr.  H.  Elfyng,  the 
«^  clerk,  came  to  me  in  Weflminfler  Hall  after 
''  we  were  rifen,  and  expreflfed  a  great  deal  of  Clerk 

I'll  1     Eliyng  s 

^^  forrow  that  I  did  miflake  him  ;  that  he  only  apologies. 
*^  named  me  as  being  prefent,  and  the  rather 
«^  that  I  could  prove  what  he  faid."  * 

An  incident  highly  charadleriflic  of  D'Ewes, 
which  occurred  on    the  next   following  day, 
completes  the  picflure  of  our  learned  and  care- 
ful reporter,   zealous  for  the  originality  of  his 
notes,    fenfible    of  the    power    derived    from 
exercife  of  fuch  an  art,  and  refolved  to  abate  no 
jot  of  the  influence  it  gave  him.     A  delicate 
matter  coming  under  debate  (being  nothing  a  delicate 
lefs  than   information,  fubmltted  by  ^Y^^  ^^^^^^^d, 
tamperings    on    the    part    of  the  Court  with 
foreign   powers,    for    the    lending    an    army, 
if  need  fliould  be,  to  put  down  the  liberties  of 
England)  fome  members  arofe,  in  much  ex- 
citement, to  fuggefl  that  the  debate  be  adjourned  Note- 
for  a  day,  and  that  no  one  meanwhile  be  per-  [nCepfra- 
mitted  to  take  notes.     ''  Stop  note-taking  !  "  blc  from 
cried  D'Ewes.  f  ''  You  cannot !  Or,  if  you  can,  maSng. 
"  make  men  hold  their  tongues,  then,  as  well !" 
Such     being     the     recognized    pofition    of 
D'Ewes  in  the  Houfe,  and  his  admitted  autho- 
rity in  everything   connedled  with  its  ufages  ^/j^f'^"' 


*  Hari.  MSS.  163,  f.  430  a. 


Ewes 

J.   TL     r^    f  .^^u        to  Lenthal: 
f  lb.  T63,  r.  432  D. 


234 


his  author- 
ity in  pre- 
cedents : 


critic  and 
patron  of 
Mr. 
Speaker. 


Weak- 
nefl'es  of 
Lenthal. 


Self-fur- 
render  of 
his  only 
claim  to 
refpecSt. 


A  witnefs 
againll 
Scot  the 
regicide. 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members, 

and  the  precedents  of  former  times,  he  was 
naturally  brought  Into  frequent  relations  with 
the  Speaker;  and  whether  Lenthal  found  it 
more  opprefTive  to  fubmit  to  his  critical 
objurgations,  or  to  enjoy  the  advantage  of  his 
condefcending  patronage,  it  might  be  difficult 
to  fay.  There  is,  however,  hardly  a  week's 
entry  in  his  Journal  that  does  not  prefent  him 
in  one  or  other  of  thefe  portions ;  and  if 
nothing  were  known  of  Lenthal  but  the  noble 
words  we  have  {t^w  him  ufe  on  a  fudden 
and  great  emergency,  we  might  well  be  dif- 
pofed  to  rejedl  as  incredible  the  impreffion 
which  D'Ewes  fteadily  conveys,  that  he  was  a 
timid,  reftlefs,  indecifive,  ill-informed,  and  ill- 
conditioned  man.  Unhappily  this  impreffion 
is  too  well  borne  out  by  what  otherwife  is 
known  of  his  life,  and  by  what  already  this 
narrative  has  dlfclofed."^^  We  know  that  this 
was  the  man  who,  violating  the  principle  laid 
down  by  himfelf  on  that  memorable  4th  of 
January,  and  flinging  fcorn  and  difrepute  on 
the  only  adl  by  which  in  hiftory  he  is  honorably 
remembered,  actually  had  the  bafenefs,  at  the 
Reftoratlon,  to  give  evidence  againft  Scot  the 
regicide  of  words  which  he  had  heard  within 
the  Houfe  when  fitting  in  the  Speaker's 
chair  If     When  Lenthal  is  credited,  therefore. 


%  XXIII.     UEwes  and  Speaker  Lenthal 


'^ZS 


*  AntCy  -12,  25. 
Contraft  f  State  Trials,  v.  1063.     As  a  contraft  let  me  mention,  in 

to  Lenthal.  jullice  to  the  Earl  of  Northumberland,  whofe  condud  throughout 
thefe  affairs  feems  to  me  to  have  been  unworthy  of  his  abilities 


With  qualities  generally  poor  and  commonplace, 
we  may  be  only  too  well  affiired  that  the  fads 
alleged  will  juftify  the  charge.     Such  evidence  ^^^^^;_ 
abounds  in  every  part  of  D'Ewes's  Journal,  ways, 
and    proves   beyond    all    doubt,    quite    irre- 
fpedlve  of  the  fpeclal  proof  given  in  a  previous 
fealon  of  his  eager  defire  at  this  time  to  offer 
fervile    homage  to  the    King,    that   what    he 
fhowed  himfelf  unmiftakeably   to  be  in   later 
years,  he  now  already  was,  and  was  known  to 
be.      And  I  gladly  feize  the  opportunity  of 
adding,  to  what  was  remarked  upon  the  fub- 
ied  in  a  former  work,*  other  traits  and  in- Traits  and 

J  ,  .        /-  -r>»T-         >  •  mcidents 

cidents  relating  to  him  from  D  Ewes  s  curious  f^om 
manufcript,     not    merely    charadleriftlc     and  Jj^E^^^^'^ 
amufing   in    themfelves,   but  fuch    as,  befides 
completing  what  was  formerly  faid,  will  alfo 
help  further  to  fhow  D'Ewes's  own   pofition 
in  reference  to  parties  in  the  Houfe. 

A  debate  arofe  upon  a  queftion  of  privi-  Queftion 
lege:  a  perfon  having  been  arrefled,  after  order  J'^^P^'"''" 
had  iflued  from  the  Houfe  that  he  fhould  be 


and  his  name,  that  when,  upon  the  Reftoration,  he  confented, 
like  Lenthal,  to  receive  favour  from  the  Government,  it  was 
by  no  fuch  bafe  betrayal  of  aas  and  proceedings  in  which  he 
had  himfelf  been  a  participator.  Ludlow  tells  us  in  his 
Memoirs  that  Lord  Northumberland  (who  had  taken  the  oath 
of  fidelity  to  the  Commonwealth)  was  heard  to  fay  in  the 
Convention  Parliament  at  the  Relloiation,  that  though  he  had 
no  part  in  the  death  of  the  King,  /le  was  again/}  quejhomng 
thofe  who  had  been  concerned  in  that  affair,  that  the  example 
might  he  more  ufefid  to  pojlerity,  and  profitable  to  future  Kings, 
by  deterring  them  from  the  like  exorbitancies.  'in.  10,  ed.  1699. 
*  Hij}.  and  Biog.  Effays  (Debates  on  the  Grand  Remon- 
ftrance),  i.  82,  83,  &c. 


Northum- 
berland 
true  to  old 
friends. 


An  exam- 
ple profit- 
able to 
Kings. 


136 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members, 


I  . 


Hafelrig 
and  Len- 
thal. 


Attack 
on  Mr. 
Speaker, 


D'Ewes 

rebukes 
Hafelrig. 


Lenthal 
out  of 
order. 


fent  for  as  a  witnefs.  "  When/'  fays  D'Ewes, 
'*  fome  fpake  to  the  cafe,  and  miftook  it,  and 
^^  the  Speaker  would  have  informed  them  of 
''  the  cafe  how  it  ftood,  Sir  A.  Hafelrig  fpake 
''  to  the  order  of  the  Houfe,  and  faid  that  the 
''  Speaker  ought  not  to  ftand  up  and  interrupt 
''  any  other  member  of  the  Houfe  when  he 
''  was  fpeaking.  Whereupon  the  Speaker 
"  ftood  up  and  anfwered  Sir  Arthur  Hafelrig 
"  that  he  had  not  ftood  up  to  interrupt  any 
"  member,  but  only  to  inform  fuch  as  fliould 
''  fpeak  of  the  truth  of  the  cafe.  But  Sir 
*'  A.  H.  not  fatiffied  herewith,  ftood  up 
"  again  :  faying  he  would  fpeak  to  the  order 
"  of  the  Houfe,  and  under  colour  thereof 
"  endeavoured  to  reply  to  the  Speaker,  and  to 
*'  get  faid  over  again  the  fame  thing:  which 
''  made  me  interrupt  him,  though  I  much 
'*  refpedled  him."  He  accordingly,  with  defe- 
rence, but  very  decidedly,  rebukes  "  that  wor- 
"  thy  gentleman  in  the  Gallery,"  who,  upon 
D'Ewes  refuming  his  feat,  "  would  have  fpoken 
*'  again  to  the  order  of  the  Houfe;  but  the 
*^  Houfe,  it  feems,  being  fatiffied  with  what  I 
*'  faid,  would  not  hear  him  again."- 

That  was  a  great  triumph  for  Sir  Simonds, 
if  not  for  Lenthal ;  but,  upon  a  fubfequent  quef- 
tion  of  order  and  ufage,  Mr.  Speaker  himfelf 
feems  to  have  been  permitted  to  violate  all 
precedent.     Soon  afterwards  there  occurred  a 

*  Harl,  MSS.  163  f.  405  b. 


§  XXIII.     B'Ewes  and  Speaker  Lenthal. 


237 


debate,  very  ftiffly  maintained  on  both  fides,  Sugar- 
about  the  cuftom    to    be    impofed    on    fugar.  debate. 
D'Ewes   was  the  laft    fpeaker,   and  fat  down 
with  a  folemn  warning  to  the  Houfe  that  they 
fliould  be  wary  of  offending  the  Hollanders 
with  fuch  an  impoft.        *'  Between  which  time 
*^  and  the  putting  of  the  queftion  itfelf,"   he 
continues,    '^  fome    members    came  into    the  Members 
^^  Houfe,  and  fome  called   on  them  to  with- ["ft^bd'ore 
'^  draw ;  and  thereupon  grew  a  debate,  whether  queftion 
*'  by  the  order  of  the  Houfe  they  fliould  with- 
"  draw  or    not :     and    in    the    iflue  it    was 
'^  obferved  that  regularly  no  member  of  the 
^^  Houfe  could  be  commanded  to  withdraw.  Not  to 

.  r  \  n  •        withdraw. 

"  but  when  he  came  in  after  the  queition 
^'  had  been  put  the  firft  time."  But  the 
extraordinary  thing  was,  D'Ewes  concludes, 
that  upon  go'ng  to  the  divifion,  the  Speaker  not 
only  claimed  to  vote,  but  actually  voted,  "the 
"like  of  which  I  never  knew  before  or  fince."* 

Again,  fliortly  after,   occurred   another  in-  Extraordi 
ftance  of  Mr.  Speaker  forgetting  the   dignity  ""^IH'^' 
of  his  place.  It  arofe  out  of  Sir  John  Holland,  of  Mr. 
the  member  for  Caftle  Rlfing,  objedling  to  the   ^^^  ^^' 
amount    of    the   parliamentary    levy    on    his 
county.     ''  Sir  John  Holland,"  fays   D'Ewes,  Lenthal 
''  a  Norfolk  man,  feemingly  anxious  to  ^^"^}l^{^^^^ 
'^  his  forwardnefs  for  the  county,  faid  he  was 
"  informed  that  Norfolk  would  not  pay  the 


♦  Harl.  MSS,  163,  f.  429  b. 


*!* 


238 


An  hon. 
member 
inter- 
rupted. 


Hon. 

member 
retorts. 


Mr. 

Speaker 

fuccumbs. 


D'Evves'b 

indigna- 
tion. 


Lenthal's 
deficien- 
cies as 
Speaker, 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

fum  laid  on  them  by  the  £400,000  bill, 
except  fome  abatement ;  and  that  if  any  dif- 
temper  arofe  in  Norfolk,  it  would  be  paid 
nowhere  in  England.  Whereupon  the 
Speaker  flood  up  and  interrupted  him,  and 
faid  fuch  words  were  very  dangerous  and 
not  fit  to  be  fpoken.  But  Sir  J.  H.  flood 
up  to  juflify  himfelf,  and  averred  that  he 
only  fiid  he  was  informed  fo,  and  claimed 
the  privilege  of  a  member  not  to  be  inter- 
rupted, &c.  Whereupon  the  Speaker,  for- 
getting the  dignity  of  his  place,  and  deferting 
the  juft  ground  that  was  given  him  to 
interrupt  him,  gave  fome  approbation  to 
what  he  had  faid,  and  fat  him  down.  So 
as  Sir  John  Holland  was  proceeding  on  as 
if  he  had  done  very  well  before,  which 
made  me,  with  fome  indignation  to  fee  the 
Speaker's  mifcarriage,  ftand  up  and  fpeak  to 
the  order  of  the  Houfe."'  Here,  beyond 
all  doubt,  was  another  decided  fuccefs  for 
D'Ewes  ;  and  the  Houfe  loudly,  and  very  pro- 
perly, applauded  him  for  thus  vindicating  Mr. 
Speaker,  though  againft  Mr.  Speaker  himfelf. 

But,  even  in  the  trivial  duties  andobfervances 
of  his  place,  Lenthal  was  by  no  means  expert. 
Some  letters  having  been  handed  in  to  the 
Speaker,  and  among  them  one  from  the  King, 
he  gave  it  to  the  Clerk  of  the  Houfe, ''  who," 

*  Harl.  MSS.  163,  f.  461  a. 


I 


§  XXIII.     UEwes  and  Speaker  LenthaL  239 

fays  D'Ewes,  "having  read  the  fuperfcription  a  letter 
^'  Charles  ReXy  I  flood  up  and  reminded  the  j^^I^^^^^  ^ 
''  Speaker  that  he  was   to  read    fuch    letters 
"  himfelf:    on    which    he    acknowledged    his 
''  error,  and  read  it."     It  came  at  laft,  indeed,  D'Ewes 
to    be    very    generally    underflood     that     the  ^^jj^Qj-i^y 
member  for  Sudbury,  and  not  the  Speaker,  was  astoorder: 
the,  man  to  fettle  queflions  of  order,  and  to 
compofe  jarring  difcords  in  debate.*     A  curious 
inflance  occurred  when  Sir  Henry  Mildmay, 
the  member  for  Maiden,  who  fat  afterwards  compofer 
on  the  trial  of  the  King,  would  have  obtained  ^^^^^^^-^ 
confent  from  the  Houfe  to  a  bill  for  trade  debate, 
which   threatened    to  interfere  mightily  with 
the  Coventry  weavers;  whereupon  Mr.  William 
Jeflbn,  an  ancient  alderman  of  that  borough  Heat  of 
who  very  worthily  reprefented  it,  flarted  up  with  burgTfs 
much  heat  and  "  fpake  very  earneflly  againfl  for  Coven- 
"  fuch  a  bill,  faying  that  by  fo  doing  we  would  '^* 
''  deflroy  the  whole  trade  of   the  kingdom. 
''  Whereupon  Sir  H.  Mildmay  took  excep- 
''  tion,    affirming    that   the    faid    Mr.    Jeflbn 
"  had  looked  very  fiercely  upon  him  when  he 

*  Other  duties  appear  at  times  to  have  been  impofed  which  D'Ewes 
he  took  upon  himfelt  with  lefs  relifh.    The  followingmay  ferve  avoids 
as  an  example  :   "  Between  4  and  5  the  Houle  relolved  mto  a  chair  ot 
<«  Grand   Committee  on  Tonnage :   and   when    the   Speaker  Com- 
"  withdrew,    and    moft    of  the    Houfe    with    him,   fome  to  mittee. 
**  Committees,  and  fome  clean  away,  fo  as  we  were  fcarce  40 
"  left   divers  called  on  me  to  fit  in  the  chair  at  the  Committee. 
''  So  as,  fearing  that  I  fhould  not  have  excufed  myfelf,  I  with- 
"  drew  out   ot  the  Houfe,  and  after  Mr.  Ellis  had  taken  the 
*'  faid  chair,  I  returned  again.     The  bill   pafled,  and  we  rofe 
»«  between  5  and  6."     Harl,  MSS.  162,  f.  357  a. 


I 


240 

Fierce  and 
unparlia- 
mentary 
looks : 


D'Ewes's 

opinion 
thereon. 


Ancient 
member 
again. 


Vote  for 
allegiance 
to  Parlia- 
mentary 
general. 


Didiked 

by 

D'Evves. 


ii 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

<'  fpoke,  and  that  it  was  done  in  an  unparlia- 
"  mentary  way/'  Here  was  a  novel  cafe  !  and 
it  muft  be  confefTed  that  D*Ewes,  on  appeal 
being  made  to  him,  treated  it  more  fenfibly 
than  might  have  been  expedled.  Defiring  to 
qualify,  as  he  fays,  fuch  unneceflary  heat,  he 
declared  that  in  all  his  knowledge  of  thefe  mat- 
ters he  never  knew  exception  taken  at  looks 
before  ;  and,  with  fome  further  goodnatured 
words,  he  perfeftly  reconciled  the  offended 
knight  and  too  choleric  ancient  burgefs.* 

It  fared  not  fo  well,  however,  with  the  good 
old  member  for  Coventry  fome  few  months 
later,  when,  upon  the   unfurling  of  the  Royal 
ftandard  at  Nottingham   ^'  about  fix  of   the 
"  clock  in  the  evening  of  a  very  ftormy  and 
"  tempeftuous  day,"  f  the  Houfeof  Commons 
promptly  met  the  King's  proclamation  againft 
Lord  Effex  as  a  traitor,  by  a  vote  calling  upon 
every  member  to  anfwer  individually,  upon  the 
inftant,  whether  he  would  venture  and  hazard 
his  life  and  fortune   with  the   Earl  of  Effex, 
Lord    General.     D'Ewes  regarded    this  vote 
with  little  favour,  and  dwells  upon  the  harfh 
way  in  which    it  was    preffed   by  the   "fiery 
*'  fpirits"  who  had  introduced  it:  wherein,  he 
adds,  they  were  feconded,  in  a  manner  un- 

♦  Harl.  MSS.  163,  f.  501  a. 

+  '*  The  ftandard,"  Clarendon  fubfequently  tells  us  (Hiji. 
iii.  190),  "  was  blown  down  the  fame  night  it  had  been  let  up, 
*«  by  a  very  ftrong  and  unruly  wind." 


§  XXIII.     D'Ewes  and  Speaker  LenthaL 

worthy  of  himfelf  and  contrary  to  the  duty  of 
his  place,  by  Mr.  Speaker.  ^'And  whereas 
*'  one  Mr.  Jeffon,  one  of  the  burgeffes  for 
^'  Coventry,  being  an  ancient  man,  did  only 
*'  defire  a  little  time  to  confider  of  it  before 
'^  he  gave  his  anfwer,  they  would  not  permit 
*'  that,  but  compelled  him  to  anfwer  prefently, 
'^whereupon  he,  not  being  fatiffied  in  his  con- 
*^  fcience,  gave  his  No.  At  which  thofe  hot 
"  fpirits  taking  great  diftafte,  the  Speaker, 
"  unworthy  of  himfelf  and  contrary  to  the 
"  duty  of  his  place,  fell  upon  him  with  very 
^^  ftrange  language  for  giving  his  No  ;  and 
"  when  the  poor  man,  terrified  with  the  dif- 
"  pleafure  he  faw  was  taken  againfl:  him,  would 
"  have  given  his  Aye,  they  would  not  permit 
"  him  to  do  that  neither.  Sir  Guy  Palmes, 
"  and  Mr.  Fettyplace"  (the  members  for 
Rutlandrtiire  and  Berkfliire,  both  of  them 
declared  Royalifl:s)  "  were  fo  overawed  by  Mr. 
"  Jeffon's  miffortune  as  they  anfwered  Aye 
*^  without  any  further  debate ;  and  fo  did  many 
'^  others  who  came  dropping  in  from  dinner, 
"  not  knowing  what  had  been  done  and  was 
"  doing  in  the  Houfe.*'  * 

Nor  had  the  fcene  been  lefs  fl;riking  fome 
three  months  earlier  (little  more  than  fix  weeks 
after  the  attempted  arrefl:),  when,  amid  the  war 
of  declarations  and  replies  that  preceded  the 
unfurling  of  the  ftandards,  Sir  Peter  Wentvvorth 

*  Harl.  MSS,  164^  f.  1060  b. 


241 


Required 
to  fay  Aye, 


Says  No. 


Aflailed 
by  Mr. 
Speaker. 


Wifhes  to 
fay  Aye: 
but  not 
permitted. 


Other 
members 
fright- 
ened. 


!i 


I  (I 


242 

Sir  Peter 
Went- 
worth : 


cannot 
truft  the 
King. 


Chancel- 
lor of  Ex- 
chequer's 
horror. 


Hoiife 
overlooks 
this  **  fol- 
ly." 


Old  Sir 

Harry 

Vane. 


Startling 
jpeeches. 


Sir  John 
North- 
cote's 
avowal. 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

(who  fat  for  Tamworth,  and  afterwards  on  the 
High  Court  of  Juftlce)  took  the  occafion  of 
a  particular  meffage  from  Charles  to  fay  ''  that 
«^  we  could  not  conjide  in  the  King  7Jor  truji  him  : 
'^  which  made  Sir  John  Culpeper,  Chancellor 
"  of  the  Exchequer,  who  fat  near  him,  rife  up 
«'  and  fiy  that  he  wondered  that  any  man 
"  fhould  dare  to  fpeak  fuch  language  within 
"  thefe  walls — That  we  could  not  confide  in  the 
^^King!'*  Confiderable  excitement  enfued, 
D^Ewes  proceeds  to  tell  us,  but  Sir  Peter's 
plain  fpeaking  having  found  feveral  backers, 
he  was  permitted  to  explain  himfelf.  "  And 
"  fo  the  Houfe  pafled  by  his  folly/' 

But  then  followed  an  incident  well  worthy 
record  in  itfelf,  and  having  a  highly  charadler- 
iftic  fequel  with  D'Ewes  for  its  hero.  Old 
Vane,  who  fo  long  had  ferved  the  higheft 
offices  of  ftate,  had  fignalifed  himfelf,  fmce 
his  lofs  of  Court  favour  and  public  employ- 
ment,* by  difplaying  in  oppofition  all  the 
caution  and  prudence  which  accompany  the 
expedation  of  being  reftored  to  power.  But,  in 
a  fpeech  he  delivered  on  the  prefent  occafion, 
this  referve  was  flung  afide.  He  fhowed  that 
things  were  come  to  a  defperate  condition. 
In  a  previous  debate  on  the  Cuftody  of  the 
young  Prince  of  Wales,  very  ftartling  allufions 
had  been  made.  Sir  John  Northcote,  the 
member  for  Afhburton,   had  faid  plainly  he 

*  Ante  50,  51. 


§  XXIII.     D'Ewes  and  Speaker  LenthaL 


243 


would  rather  increafe  the  jealoufies  between 
the  King  and  the  Houfe  than  any  way  diminifti 
them,  and,  amid  continual  excitement  and 
interruptions,  had  perfifted  in  naming  an  inten- 
tion which  they  had  all  heard  difcufled  elfewhere 
if  not  in  that  Houfe,  "  to  crown  the  prince  and  '[  ^Jj'f^ 

*■  the  Prince 

"  make  him  King."*     But  now,  in  a  very  full  our 
Houfe,  amid  an  unufual  and  fuUen  filence.  Old    ^"^* 
Vane  did  not  fcruple  to  take  fomething  of  a  fimi- 
lar  tone.    He  gave  in  his  adhefion  to  the  views 
exprefled  by  Pym  and  Hampden  upon  the  quef- 
tion  of  the  Militia,  declared  his  convidion  that 
*^  the  prefent  flame  would  devour  all  "  unlefs 
great  care  and  wifdom  were  ufed  for  fl:opping  old  Vane 
it,  "  and  wiflied  that  to  that  end  we  might  lay  ^^^^^'i" . 

*  tj  /   tor  militia 

*^  a  new  foundation."  This  called  up  Mr.  and "  new 
Harry  Killegrew  of  Cornwall,  the  member  for  ^^0^.^'  " 
Weft  Looe,"t"  who  made  a  violent  Royalift 
fpeech,  and  in  the  courfe  of  it  propounded  a 
conftitutional  dodlrine  of  an  extremely  novel 
and  difconcerting  kind.  He  warned  them  that 
they  were  fetting  their  feet  on  flippery  places 

*  Northcote*s  Ipeech  was  delivered  on  the  14th  January  on 
the  motion  of  Sir  Henry  Chomley,  the  member  for  North- 
allerton, for  removal  of  jealoufies  between  King  and  Parlia- 
ment.    Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  328  a. 

f  The  fame  "  gallant  gentleman  and  generally  known,"  Anecdote 
of  whom  Clarendon  relates   {Life,  i.  140)  that  fubfequently,  of  Kille- 
on  being  invited  with  the  other  members  to  offer  a  contribution  grew. 
towards  the  formation  of  an  army  for  the  Parliament,  ftood 
up  and  anfwered,  he  would  provide  a  good  horfe,  and  a  good 
fword,  and  a  good  buff  coat,  and   then  he  would  find  a  good  ^'^^ 
caufe  :*'  which  for  that  time  only  raifed  laughter,  though  they  "  ^^^  " 
*'  knew  well  what  caufe  he  thought  good,  which  he  had  never  ^  good 
*'  diffcmbled."  caufe. 

B  2 


i ' 


244 


Harry 
Kille- 
grews 
Ipeech. 


Novel 

political 

do61rine. 


Houfe 
laughs. 


Young 
Vane  very 
ferious. 


Kllle- 

gievv's 

apology, 


Pym  re- 

fifts  his 
expuUion. 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

in  what  they  called  their  new  foundation,  and 
that  he  could  wifh,  before  the  gentlemen  he 
faw  around  him  concluded  matters  of  fo  great 
moment  then  and  there,  as  impofing  the  militia 
and  all  their  new  taxation  on  the  people,  they 
fhould  fend  fome  members  of  that  Houfe  into 
each  county  to  have  their  confent ;  otherwife, 
they  might  come  to  feel  the  weight  of  the  major 
part  of  the  people  ;  for  it  was  not  the  enabling 
of  a  law  that  made  it  in  force ^  but  the  willing 
obedience  to  it.      ^'  With  fome   other  words," 
D'Ewes  adds,   ''  to   the  like  effed,  at  which 
'^  many  of  the  Houfe,  laughing  heartily  when 
*^  he  fpoke  them,  it  made  him   repeat  them 
^'  once   or  twice."     The  laughers  meanwhile 
defifted,   for   Young  Vane   arofe   with    much 
gravity   to  take  exception  to  words  carrying 
fuch  dangerous  import.     Others  followed  in 
the  fame  tone  ;  and  fome,  fays  D*Ewes,  did 
aggravate    the   words   fo    far,   that   they  were 
againft    allowing    Mr.    Killegrew   to    explain 
himfelf     With  fome  difficulty  Pym  obtained 
hearing  for  him,   '*  and  fo  he  made  fome  little 
*^  juftification,   protefting  in  the  prefence   of 
"  God  that  he  had  no  intention  to  do  any  dif- 
''  fervice  to   the   Houfe."     Upon  this  Pym 
oppofed  the  motion  for  his  expulfion,  which 
was  rejeded  by  131  to  97.     He  was  however 
ordered  to  withdraw,  and,  the  debate  continuing, 
there  came  fuddenly  to  his  relief  another  Cor- 
ni(hman,  Mr.  Chadwell,   the  member  for  St. 


^45 

An  Indif- 

creet 

friend. 


D'Ewes 

goes  in 
lea  re  h  of 
records. 


§  xxiii.     D'Ewes  and  Speaker  Lenthal. 

Michaels,  who  profefled  to  cite  fome  ancient 
record  fupporting  what  the  member  for  Weft 
Looe  had  faid.  D'Ewes  no  fooner  heard  it 
than  he  fufpefted  an  impofture.  He  withdrew 
very  quietly,  for  it  was  againft  the  order  of  the 
Houfe ;  haftened  over  to  his  lodging,  clofe  at 
hand  ;  looked  through  his  papers  and  records ; 
hurried  back  to  the  debate  ;  and  threw  upon 
it  a  flood  of  antiquarian  lore,  underneath  which 
poor  Mr.  Chadwell,  and  his  mifquoted,  mif- 
dated,  and  wholly  mifreprefented  record,  were 
completely  carried  away.  But  it  is  a  peculiarity 
of  D'Ewes  to  be  always  magnanimous  in  his 
moments  of  triumph.  He  never  tramples  on 
the  fallen.  ''  No  doubt,  Mr.  Speaker,"  he 
faid,  *^  I  think  this  gentleman  very  faulty  who 
"  would  prefume  to  mifquote  Records  for 
'^  Mr.  Killegrew.  But,  not  being  well  flcilled 
"  in  Records,  perhaps  he  did  not  know  the 
*^  dangerous  confequence."  That  was  his  tone. 
The  Houfe  fell  in  with  it;  and  both  Killegrew 
and  Chadwell,  thanks  to  the  moderation  and 
good  fenfe  of  Pym,  efcaped  with  but  flight 
punifliment.* 

Thefe  illuftrations  may  now  be  fitly  clofed 
with  fome  notice  of  the  many  efforts  made  to 


*  Harl.  MSS.  163,  f.  451  b.     Being  called  to  the  Bar,  the  ^  repri- 
Speaker  told  them  that  the  Houfe  conceived  the  offence  to  be  niand. 
of  a  very  high  nature,  confidering  the  circumftances  of  time 
and  the  opinions  of  fome  people  abroad  i  and  therefore  they 
had  commanded   him   to  give  them  a  ftiarp  reprehenfion,  and 
it  was  the  mercy  of  the  Houfe  that  the  cenfure  was  no  feverer. 


Expofes 
Cornifh 
ignorance, 


Is  merci- 
ful in  tri- 
umph. 


246 


Attempts 
to  force 
early  at- 
tendance. 


Alarming 
time  when 
firft  found 
neceffary. 


Trao;!- 
comedy  of 
the  world. 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

compel  early  and  full  attendance  at  the  Houfe, 
in  which  D'Ewes  and  Lenthal  took  prominent 
part.  Under  the  form  of  fines  for  being  late 
at  prayers,  thefe  attempts  were  frequently  re- 
newed; and  they  had  originated  at  a  memorable 
time.  As  early  as  the  previous  May  (1641), 
when  the  duties  and  refponfibilities  of  member- 
ihip  had  become  fuch  as  to  daunt  and  deter  all 
but  the  moft  refolute ;  amid  the  plots  for  Straf- 
ford's efcape,  and  the  tumultuous  aflemblages  of 
the  people  demanding  juftice  upon  him ;  when 
the  King  ftill  paufed  on  the  verge  of  defperate 
counfels  ;  while  each  hour  of  every  day  came 
laden  with  its  danger  and  its  terror ;  only  two 
days  before  Charles  had  gone  to  the  Lords  to 
warn  them  againft  pafling  the  attainder,  for  that 
he  never  in  his  confcience  could  confent  to  it ;  on 
the  very  day  when  Pym  arofe  in  the  Commons 
to  explode  the  confpiracy  of  Henry  Percy  and 
Goring  for  bringing  up  the  army  and  feizing 
on  the  Tower, — D'Ewes  makes  the  fubjoined 
moft  ftriking  entry  in  his  Journal.  It  adds 
another  to  many  memorable  inftances  of  the 
clofe  intermixture  of  ferioufnefs  and  laughter  in 
this  tragi-comedy  of  the  world,  and  is  one  more 
proof  that  men  are  never  fo  prone  to  fudden 
burfts  of  mirth  as  when  heavy  and  overborne  in 
fpirit  by  a  long  ftrain  of  anxiety,  by  nervous  ex- 
citement or  apprehenfion,  by  the  over-wrought 
intenfity  of  either  hope  or  fear. 

"  Prayers  being  done,  after  the  Speaker  had 


§  XXIII.     D'Ewes  and  Speaker  Lenthal, 


247 


cc 


(C 


fitten  a  good  while,  and  all  men  filent,  the  The 

^,      .  .       ^^  t  1        1  Ml  1  •         Houfe  m 

Clerk  s  afliftant  began  to  read  a  bill  touching  fadnefs. 
"  wire-drawers,  which  being  prefently  flopped, 
"  did    amidft    our    fad    apprehenfions    move 
"  laughter  from   divers  that  fuch  a  frivolous  Suddenly 
"  bill  fhould  be  pitched  upon,  when  all  matters  laughter. 
"  were  in  fuch  apparent  danger.      After  fome 
"  half-hour's  filence  more,  or  a  quarter's,  fome 
"  called  to  have  the  order  read,  which    was 
"  made  on  Saturday,  by  which  every  member 
"  that  came  after  eight  of  the  clock  was  to  pay 
"  one   fhilling.     And  then,  as  men  came  in, 
"  divers  cried,  'Pay!  Pay!'  When  the  Serjeant  The  ihil- 
"  demanded  the  faid  fhilling,  which  bred  a  great  ^"^ 

"  confufion."* 

Such  was  the  continued  confufion,  indeed,  A  failure, 
that  for    this    particular    time    it    had   to    be 
abandoned.      But,  ten  months  later,  it  was  re- 
newed ;  and  Sir  Simonds  had  again,  upon  the 
fpecial  fubjed,  though  on  this  occafion  with 
inferior  fuccefs  to  that  we  have  feen  formerly 
attend  him,  to  vindicate  the  dignity  of  Mr. 
Speaker's  place  againfl  Lenthal's  own  forgetful- 
nefs  and  non-affertion  of  it.     On  a  Tuefday  shilling 
the  fine  was  propofed.      ''A  motion  made,"  fi^^^g^J," 
fays    D'Ewes,    *'  as    I    came    in,    that    fuch 
*'  members  as  fhould  not  come  up  by  8  and 
^'  be  at  prayers,  fhould  pay  a  fhilling.     I  faid,  j^^^^^^^ 
**  when  that  was    tried    twelve   months    ago  oppofed 
*'  it  was  laid    afide*  from  its    inconvenience, 

♦  Harl,  MSS,  163,  f.  514  a. 


248 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 


Mr. 


"  after  one  day's  pradice  ;  and  that  the  beft 
^^  way  would  be  to  rife  at  12,  and  not  at  2  or 
"  3,  to  enfure  members  coming  at  8.  Divers 
"  others  fpake  againft  it ;  but  the  greater 
"  number  being  for  it,  it  pafTed."  * 

Very  little,  however,  as  it  would  feem,  to  the 

^ekker     i^^^^ediate  edification  of  Mr.  Speaker,  feeing 

late :         that  next  morning,  Wednefday,  he  did  not  him- 

felf  make  his  appearance  till  a  quarter  to  nine. 

'^  The  Houfe  by  this  time,"  D'Ewes  remarks, 

"  was  very  full  at  prayers,  by  reafon  of  the  order 

''  made    yefterday.      Sir  H.    Mildmay,  after 

''  prayers,  ftood  up  and  faid  he  was  glad  to  fee 

rebuked :   "  this  good  effeft  of  yefterday's  order  ;  and  faid 

'^  to  the  Speaker  that  he  did  hope  that  hereafter 

''  he  would  come  in   time;  which  made  the 

hisZllincr ''  Speaker  throw  down  twelvepence  upon  the 

on  table :    "  table.      Divers  fpake  after  him,  and  others 

^'  as  they  came  in  did  each  pay  his  {billing  to 

'^  the  Serjeant.     I  fpake  to  the  Orders  of  the 

'*  Houfe  :   That  the  order  made  yefterday  was 

"  to  fine   '  after '  prayers,  and  therefore  you 

''  (I  fpake  to  the  Speaker)  cannot  be  fubjed 

"  to  pay ;   and  for  coming  a  little  after  8,  that 

*'  was  no  great  difference.      Although  I  fpake 

will  not     «<^  truly,   the   Speaker    having  caft  down    his 

tHice  it  UD 

again.        ^'  fhilling,  would  not  take  it  up  again. ^'f 

One  may  perhaps  infer,  without  difrefped, 
that  Lenthal  had  fulked  a  little  ;  and  the  ill 
effect  of  (o   throwing  dawn  his  twelvepence. 


HarL  MSS,  163,  f.  474  a. 


t  lb.  163,  f.  475  b. 


§  XXIII.     D'Ewes  and  Speaker  LenthaL 


249 


certainly  difplayed  itfelf  next  day,  Thurfday,  ill  refults 

when  the  adlion  found  an  imitator  well  dif- 

pofed  to  exaggerate  it.     After  obferving  that 

on    that    morning   only  about  forty  were  at 

prayers,  D'Ewes  proceeds  to  fay  that  it  was 

ordered   upon  the  motion  of  Mr.  Rous,  that 

the  fines  of  yefterday  and  to-day  be  given  to 

Dr^  Leighton,  being  in  fome  diftrefs.     Then 

came  on  a  petition  complaining  of  Dr.  Fuller, 

parfon    of    St.    Giles's,    having    chofen    two 

churchwardens  ill  affedled  to  religion,  in  oppo- 

fition    to    two    chofen    by    the    pariftiioners. 

'*  Some  coming  in  and  refufing  to  pay,  whilft  Refufals 

^'  the  aforefaid    petition  was   reading,   divers 

"  called  out   to   them  to  pay,  and  fo   inter- 

"  rupted  the  Clerk's  affiftant,  who  was  reading 

**  it.     Mr.  John  Hotham  ftood  up  and  faid 

^'  that  the  time  appointed  for  men  to  come 

'^  yefterday  by  the  order  was  8,  and  that  the 

*^  chimes  for  that  hour  went  juft  as  he  came 

'^  into  the  houfe.       But  the  Speaker  telling  Jack 

'^  him  that  prayers  being  paft  he  muft  pay,  ordered^to 

'^  and   he  ftill    refufing,   it    was    put    to    the  P^y- 

*'  queftion,  ruled  affirmatively,  and  ordered  ac- 

"  cordingly .      Whereupon  he  took  his  fliilling, 

*^  and    threw    it    down    upon    the    ground :  Jm?.^'^  ^^^ 

r  D  milling  on 

'^  upon  which  fome  called  him  to    the    bar,  ground. 
'^  others   that   he  fliould  withdraw  :  and  the 
*'  Speaker,  ftanding  up,  did  ftiarply  reprove  him 
*^  for  that  adion,  as  being  a  contempt  to  the 
*'  Houfe.    Which  caufedhim,  as  I  conceive,  a 


250 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


''  little  after,  to  withdraw  out  of  the  Houfe, 
*'  though  he  returned  again  this  forenoon."* 
Beginning      Thefe  various  fcenes,   and  the  attempts  to 
End.^        check  in  honorable  members  a  growing  ten- 
dency to  flacken  and  be  remifs  in  their  atten- 
dances, prefigure  what  was    now  rapidly    ap- 
proaching.     The  King^s  party  had  loft  their 
laft  venture,  and  filent  defertions  were  reported 
Call  of      daily.  A  call  of  the  Houfe  had  been  attempted 

Houle  •  u   'ii  r  r   r  r 

attempted.  With  ill  luccels  loon  after  Strafford's  execution, 
and  now  another  attempt  was  made.  "  Mr. 
''  D.  Hollis,"  fays  DTwcs,  ''  moved  that  the 
*^  houfe  might  be  called,  and  fuch  as  were  abfent 
''  fined,  for  the  relief  of  Ireland.''  But  Sir 
Simonds  ftoutly  oppofed  the  motion,  reminding 
Mr.  Speaker  that  none  of  the  members  who 
were  abfent  at  the  firft  calling  had  paid  their 
£5  fine.  In  the  end,  the  motion  was  overruled, 
and  D'Ewes  adds  :  "  A  number  went  to  the 
''  conference  with  the  Lords,  and  we  had  not 

mem^^rs^  ''  ^^^^7  ^^^^^  ^^  ^^'^  Speaker  left  the  chair,  and 
preibnt.  "  we  difcourfed  feverally  one  with  another  for  a 
'^  pretty  while.'' t  Difcourfe  which  has  all 
paffed  away  with  the  honourable  members 
themfelves,  but  of  which  we  might  perhaps 
with  flight  effort,  if  it  were  worth  the  while, 
recal  fo  much  as  the  fubjoined  little  incident  of 
that  day  is  likely  to  have  called  forth,  as  they 
fo  talked  feverally  one  with  another.  It  had 
occurred  while  the  Houfe  yet  fat,  and  bufinefs 


§  XXIV.     Appeal  to  the  City. 


2  SI 


was    proceeding.       ^^One   Mr.   Shepherd,   aAftranger 

'^  ftranger,  came  into   the  Houfe    and  ftood  Hou^. 

^^  behind  the  Serjeant.     So  divers  efpied  him 

^'  out,  and  called  him  to  the  Bar.      There,  he 

"  would  not  tell  his  name,  but  faid  he  was  a 

'^  Bedfordfhire  man.      As  divers  knew  him.  How 

"hewasdifmiffed."*  dealt  with. 

-And  now  I  refume  the  courfe  of  this  narra-  Refump- 
tive,  which  will  not  be  held,  I  truft,  to  have  ^'^"  °^ 

,  .  ^  narrative. 

been  interrupted  needleffly,  by  a  feries  of  inci- 
dents and    illuftrations    intimately    conne61:ed 
with  it;  all  of  them  drawn  from  an  unpublifhed 
manufcript  record ;  ranging,  in  every  inftance, 
within  a  compafs  of  not  many  weeks  beyond 
the  date  of  the  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members; 
and  not  only  fupplying  traits  of  hiftory   and 
perfonal    characfler  effential  to  any    thorough  Why  in- 
comprehenfion  of  the  circumftances  and  refults  ^^""P^^^- 
comprifed  in  that  event,  but  teftifying  to  the    • 
truftworthinefs  of  one  of  the  principal  witneffes 
to  be  called  in  evidence  for  what  yet  remains 
to  be  defcribed. 


*  Harl.MSS.  163,  f.  476  a. 


t   lb.  162,  f.  401  b. 


§   XXIV.  Appeal  to  the  City. 

Charles  fent  for  Mr.  Rufliworth  fhortly  Mr.  Rufh- 
after  he  reached  Whitehall.     James  Maxwell,  ^'^^  ^""^ 

•^  '  tor  by 

ufher  of  the  Houfe  of  Lords,  the  fame  to  whom  King. 
Strafford  yielded    himfelf  a  prifoner,   and   in 

♦  Harl.  r^S.  162,  ff.  385  a.  389  a. 


252 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 


Report  of 
his  majef- 

fpeech 
demanded. 


Mr.  Rufh 
worth's 
humble 
excufes. 


King's 
rtiarp  re- 
joinder. 


Speech 

tranf- 

cribed 

from 

notes,  in 

King's 

prefence. 

Sent  to 
prefs. 


whofe   houfe    at    Charing   Crofs    two    right 
reverend  prelates  were  now  impounded,  bore 
the  meflage  to  the  aftonifhed  Clerk^s  affiftant. 
Arrived  in  the  Royal  prefence,  the  King  com- 
manded him  to  give  him  a  copy  of  his  fpeech 
that  day,    which   'Miis   Majefty  had  obferved 
"  him  to  take  in  charaders  at  the  table  in  the 
''  Houfe."   Somewhat  alarmed  at  the  order,  and 
perhaps  not  without  the  ambition  to  fhow  the 
King  that  Mr.  Speaker's  recent  leffon  of  alle- 
giance to  the  Commons  had  not  been  thrown 
away,  Mr.  Rulhworth  ftammered  out  excufes  ; 
and  proceeded  humbly  to  remind  his  Majefty 
how  a  certain  member  had  been  committed  to 
the  Tower,  for  reporting  what  a  certain  other 
member  had  fiid  in  the  Houfe.      Then  faid  his 
Majefty  fmartly,  ^^  I  do  not  afk  you  to  tell  me 
''  what  was  faid  by  any  member  of  the  Houfe, 
''  but  what  I  faid  myfelf."     Whereupon,  Mr! 
Rufhworth    informs    us,  that,  omitting  what 
Lenthal    had    interpofed,    he    ^^  readily    gave 
''  obedience  to  his  Majefty 's  command,  and  in 
''  his   Majefty's  prefence,  in  the  room  called 
''  the  Jewel-houfe,   tranfcribed  his    Majefty's 
''  fpeech   out  of  his   charaders,  his    Majefty 
''  ftaying  in  the  room  all  the  while,  and  then 
''  and  there  prefented  the  fame  to  the  King  : 
''  which  his  Majefty  was  pleafed  to  command 
'^  to  be  fent  fpeedily  to  the  prefs,  and  the  next 
''  morning  it  came  forth  in  print.'*       But  alas 
for  the  prefent   chances  of  fuch  an  appeal ! 


§  XXIV.     Appeal  to  the  City, 


^53 


Every  copy  that  could  now  be  circulated  had 
for  its  precurfor,  and  illuftrative  comment,  the 
printed  and  publiftied  Grand  Remonftrance, 
already  for  nearly  three  weeks  in  the  hands  of 
every  Citizen. 

On  the  fame  night,  after  Rufliworth  quitted  Prodama- 
the  King,   there    came    forth  a  proclamation  ^'°"  . 

•  11  -  ^  agamft 

reiterating  the  charge  of  treafon  againft  the  Five  Five 
Members,   and  clofing  the  ports  againft  any  ^^"^^^'^• 
attempt  they  might  make  to  quit  the  kingdom.  Ports 
This   proclamation    is   ordinarily   confounded  ^^°^'''*. 
with  that    which  forbade    all    perfons    under  S" 
graveft  penalties  to  receive  or  harbour  them,  ^^""^P^* 
and  which    was    not    iftued  until    afterwards. 
Received   and   harboured,   meanwhile,   it  was 
well  known  that  they  now  were,  in  a  houfe  in  Their 
Coleman  Street  in  the  City :  whither  already  P{-^"^^  ^ 
the  King  was  refolved  to  proceed  next  day  to 
demand  them,  and  to  try  his  final  chances  of 
authority  and  predominance  in  that  ftronghold 
of  his  kingdom. 

Of    the  influence    and    importance   of   the  City  of 
City  of  London  at  this  time,  it  is  needlefs  to  ^°'''^°'^- 
fpeak.     It  reprefented  in  itfelf  the  wealth,  the 
ftrength,   and   the    independence,  which    had 
made  England  feared  and  honoured  throughout 
the  world.     Within  its  walls,    and  under  the 
fliadow  and  proteftion  of  its  franchifes,  flept  Mer- 
nightly  between  three  and  four  hundred  thou-  f^^"^'' 

r     J   r^'  •  rr>\  /-    t  /.  home  as 

land  Citizens.      The  place   of  bufinefs  of  the  well  as 
merchant,  in  thofe  days,  was  alfo  his  refidence  l^^^.l^^L 


254 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members, 


Its  palaces  and  his  home.     The  houfes  then  recently  built 
leges!  *      ^y  loobies  beyond  its  precindls,  along  the  Strand 
of  the  magnificent  river,  fcarcely  tranfcended  in 
extent  or  fplendour  thofe  palaces  of  its  mer- 
chant princes,  which  lurked  everywhere  behind 
its  bufy  wharves  and  crowded  counting-houfes. 
But,  beyond  every  fuch  fource  of  aggrandife- 
Sources  of  ments,  its  privileges  were  its  power.     From  its 
IS  power.  g^^;ij3^  charters,  and  immunities,  wrefted  from 
the  needs,  or  beftowed  by  the  favour,  of  fuccef- 
five  princes ;    from  its  own  regulation  of  its 
military  as  well    as  civil  affairs ; ''''    from    its 


Lord 
Mayor's 
letter  to 
aldermen. 


Military 
organiza- 
tion of 
City. 


Inftruc- 
tions  for 
■watch  and 
ward. 


Perfonal 

fervice 

required 

from 

aldermen. 


*  Late  in  the  night  of  the  4th  of  January,  the  day  of  the 
King's  attempt,  upon  feme  fuggeftion  which  had  reached  him 
from   Whitehall,   Sir  Richard   Gourney  fer:t    round    to   the 
Aldermen  of  each  ward  in   the  City  a  letter  of  which   the 
rough  draft,  brought  back  apparently  to  the  Court,  i^  now  in 
the   State   Paper  Office.     It  will  be  read  with  intereft  for  the 
proof  it  affords  of  the  military  government  and  organization 
of  the  City  at  the  time.     Of  courfe  the  obje6l  which  the  Lord 
Mayor  had   in  view  was  fruffrated  by  the  very  means  thus 
propofed  to  give  effeft  to  it.     He  mifcalculated,  as  the  King 
did  J  and  the   organization  and   refiffance   they    would   have 
invoked   to   proteft  themfcives,   they  found  fuddenly  turned 
againlf  them.     The    letter   begins  by  (fating,   that,   for    the 
better  fupprefTmgand  apprehending  of  all  fuch  infolent  peribns 
as    fhall   be    tumultuoufly  affembled  in  and   about  the  Citv 
and  Liberties  thereof,  each  Alderman  do  Ifraightway  appoint 
*'  fubftantial   double   watch    and   ward    of   able    men,    well 
"  weaponed  and  furnifhed  with  Halberds  and  Mufquetts,  to 
"  be  from  henceforth  duly  kept  &  continued  every  night  and 
**  day    .     .    efpecially  at   eveiy    gate,    polferne,    &     landing 
**  place  within  the  fame,  to  beginne  at  eight  of  the  clock  in 
**  the  evening  and  continue  until  five  in  the  morning.     And 
**  fo   from   that  tyme,  by  new  fupply,   until  eight   at  night 
"  again,"  to  go  on  until  each  Alderman  have  further  order  to 
the  contrary  from  the  Chief  Maoiffrate.     And  further,  each 
Alderman  is  adjured  **  that  yourfelfe  take  the  fervice,  the  danger 
*'  of  the  tymes  confidered,  perlbnally  to  heart  and  care.     And 
"  that  you,  your  deputy,  &  fomeof  the  Common  Councilmen, 
**  in  perfon,  do  not  only  by  turne  watch  every  night,  but  that 


Its  com- 
plete and 
organifed 
demo- 
cracy. 


Its  incre- 
dible en- 
richment 
by  trade. 


Claren- 
don's la- 
ment. 


%  XXIV.     Jfpeal  to  the  City, 

complete  and  thoroughly  organized  democracy, 
governed  and  governing  by  and  within  itfelf ; 
was  derived  an  influence  which  made  it  formid- 
able far  beyond  its  wealth  and  numbers.  Cla- 
rendon, after  fpeaking  of  its  incredible  acceflion 
of  trade,  of  its  marvellous  increafe  in  riches, 
people,  and  buildings,  of  its  unvarying  choice 
of  the  wealthieft  and  beft-reputed  men,  of  the 
wifeft  and  moft  fubftantial  citizens,  to  ferve  its 
offices  and  dignities,  and  of  its  feveral  power- 
ful companies  ^^  incorporated  within  the  great 
"  corporation,"  falls  into  a  lament  that  wife 
men  Ihould  not  have  forefeen,  that  fuch  a  full- 
nefs  could  not  poffibly  continue  there  without 
an  emptinefs  in  other  places ;  and  that  the 
government  of  the  country  fliould  undergo 
negled,  while  fo  many  perfons  of  honour  and 
eftates  were  fo  delighted  with  the  City.*  But 
this  lament  was   not  indulged  until  the  City 

**  you  provide  the  fame  watch   and  ward  to  be  orderly  fett 

"  forth  &  continued  in  manner  as  aforef'*  within  your  wards." 

Gates  were    everywhere   to    be    fhut   and   llrongly    guarded.  Fortifica- 

Efpecial  care  to  be  taken  that  the  laid  gates,  and  portcullifes  ^•^"S  of 

thereunto   belonging,  were  fpeedily  repaired  and  made  fuffi-  ^^^  City 

ciently  ifrong  wherelbever  required:  and  the  portcullifes  made  walls. 

cafy  to  let  down  and  draw  up  when  need  Ihould  be.     Alfo 

provifion  was  to  be  made  for  fetting    right  all   chains  and 

pofts  in  any  way  defeftive,  fubflantially  and  ftrongly.     Alfo 

each  parifh  in  the  ward  was  to  be  fufficiently  furnifhed   with 

hooks,  ladders,  buckets,  fpades,  fhovels,  pickaxes,  augurs,  and 

chifels.     Men  were  like  wife  to  be  provided  in  fuch  numbers 

that  the  Trained  Bands  and  watches  might  be  kept  conftant 

to   their  ftations,   and  always  in   full  efhciency.     And  every 

houfeholder  was  to  be  refponfible  for  the  good  conduct  of  his 

apprentices.     They  were  not  to  permit  either  them  or  their 

fervants  to  go  abroad  without  moft  fevere  penalties.     It  is 

figned  "This 4th  dayof  Jan^.  Michell."         *  Hift.Vu  151. 


256 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 


The  city 
difaffeaed 
to  the 
Court. 


Well 
afFefted  to 
the  Com- 
mons. 


Services  In 
the  war. 


Excite- 
ment on 
night  of 
the  arrcft. 


had    made  itfelf,   in   the  fame  writer's  words, 

'^  eminent  for  its  difafFecflion  to  the  govern- 

^^  ment    of    Church    and     State"    (as    then 

adminiftered),  and   had  in  facfl  overthrown  it. 

To  its  honour,  be  it  faid,  that,  from  the  hour 

the  caufe  of  public  freedom  was  in   peril,  the 

City  of  London    caft   in  its    fortunes   unre- 

fervedly  with   the  oppofition   to   the  Court.* 

Its  refolute   refufal  to  join  the  league  againft 

the  Scottifh  Covenant,  had  baffled  the  counfels 

and  wafted  the  energies  of   Strafford ;  and  its 

Trained  Bands,   under  Skippon,  were  deftined 

largely  to  contribute  to  the  final  defeat  of  the 

King. 

Throughout  the  night  of  Tuefday  the  4th 
of  January,  a  terrible  excitement  prevailed. 
Upon  intelligence  of  the  King's  attempt,  all  the 
fhops  had  been  clofed,  and  the  City  all  night 


Royalift 
fatires. 


Attack  on       •  The  City,  it  is  almoft  unneceflary  to  fay,  is  the  conftant 
City  in        objeft  of  unfparing  and  niercilefs  attack,  in  the  Court  Satires, 
but  its  power   is   freely  admitted,  and   the  fuftaining  force  it 
imparted  to  the  popular  counfels  is  never  for  a  moment  quef- 
tioned.     The  subjoined  lines  are  from  An  Addrefs  to  the  City : 

Now  do  you  daily  contribute  and  pay 

Money  your  Truths  and  Honours  to  betray  ! 

Bigg  with  Fanatic  thoughts  and  wilde  defire, 

'Tis  you  that  blow  up  the  increafmg  fire 

Of  foul  Rebellion  !    you  that  alone  do  bring 

Armies  into  the  Field  againft  your  King  ! 

For  wer't  not  from  fuftainment  from  your  Baggs 

That  **  Great  "  and  ''Higheft"  Court  that  only  braggs 

Of  your  vain  folly,  long  'ere  this  had  been 

Punifti'd  for  their  bold  facrilegious  fm  .  .   . 

They  would  not  then  have  fo  fupreamly  brouo-ht 

Their  votes  to  bring  the  kingdome's  peace  to  nought. 

Nor  with  fo  flight  a  value  lookt  on  him 

King  Charles,  and  only  doted  on  king  Pym  ! 


§  XXIV.     Appeal  to  the  City, 


257 


was  under  arms.*     From  gate  to  gate  pafTed  "  C^^^- 

^  /-•         T         liers  com- 

the  cries  of  alarmed  Citizens  that  the  Cavaliers  ing." 
were  entering,  that  their  defign  was  to  fire  the 
City,  and  that  the  King  himfelf  was  at  the  head 
of  them.     Threats  of  a  contemplated  feizure  Appre- 
of  the  arms  of  the  Citizens,  by  violent  entry  feizure  of 
into  their  houfes  under  royal  warrant,  increafed  ^'''^^' 
the  prevailing  dread  and  excitement. f     Nor 
was  the  feeling  likely  to  abate  upon  rumours 


*  (( 


The  ftiops  of  the  City  generally  (hut  up,  as  if  an  enemy 
**  were  at  their  gates  ready  to  enter,  and  to  plunder  them  ; 
**  and  the  people  in  all  places  at  a  gaze,  as  if  they  looked 
**  only  for  direftions,  and  were  then  difpofed  to  any  under- 
*'  taking." — Clarendon,  Hijl.  ii.  i6o. 

t  That  there  exifted  too  much  ground  for  thefe  fufpicions,  I 
difcover  by  the  rough  draft,  in  the  State  Paper  Office,  of  the 
fubjoined  "  Warrant  to  the  Lord  Mayor  under  the  Sigjnet," 
dated  4.th  of  January  1641.  '*  Whereas  wee  are  informed 
'*  that  fix  peeces  of  Ordnance,  ufually  belonging  to  the 
"  Artillery  Yard,  have  now  lately  been  brought  into  that 
**  O""  Citty  of  London,  and  placed  in  Leaden  Hall,  but  w*** 
**  what  intentions  wee  are  not  yett  well  fatiffied.  [Confidering 
**  the  diftempers  and  troubles  of  thefe  times,]  Our  will  and 
*'  command  therefore  is,  that  you  forthwith  take  an  efpeciall 
**  care  to  fee  thofe  faid  peeces  foe  fafely  difpofed  of,  that  they 
*  onely  ferve  for  the  guard  and  prefervation  of  the  faid  Citty, 
**  if  caufe  ftiould  foe  require.  And  whereas  wee  are  farther 
*'  informed  that  feverall  perfons  of  mean  quality  have  of  late 
**  taken  into  their  houfes  an  unufuall  number  ot  mufquets,  as 
**  fome  20,  30,  40,  or  thereabout,  and  amunition  accordingly. 
*'  Our  will  and  pleafure  is  that  you  likewife  caufe  a  fearch  to 
**  be  made  through*  the  faid  Citty  and  the  Liberties  thereof, 
**  and,  when  you  (hall  find  any  fuch  quantities  of  armes,  that 
**  you  examine  thofe  perfons  upon  what  grounds  and  reafons 
**  they  have  made  fuch  provifions,  and,  as  you  (hall  fee  caufe, 
*'  that  you  take  foe  good  a(rurance  from  them,  that  they  may  be 
*'  refponfible  for  the  faid  armes  and  their  intentions  therew'**, 
**  that  through  the  fame  the  peace  and  fafety  of  that  Our 
**  Citty  not  any  ways  be  endangered.  And  for  foe  doing  this 
*'  (hall  be  y'  warrant.  Given  under  our  Signet,  Whitehall, 
**  4th  Jan.  1 641."  The  words  within  brackets  are  an  inter- 
lineation in  Nicholas's  hand-writing. 


City  (liops 

all  (liut. 


Rough 
draft  of 
royal  war- 
rant. 

Ordnance 
lafely  dif- 
pofed. 


Houfes  to 
be  fearched 
for  muf- 
kets. 


Po(rc(rors 
of  fire- 
arms to  be 
examined. 


258 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 


King's      fpread    abroad  with   the  dawn,  of  a    meflage 

menage  to  •11         i>->i./-«,.^  " 

the  Lord    received  by  the  Chief  Magiftrate  from  White- 
M^y«^-      hall,  to  the  effed  that  his  Majefty  had  matter  of 
prefling  occafion  to  addrefs  to  the  Lord  Mayor 
and  Common  Council,   and  propofed  to  vifit 
Warrants  Guildhall    before  noon.     Warrants  of  arreft, 
accufed.     committed  to  the  hands  of  the  two  Sheriffs  of 
London,  preceded  him  there  ;  and  no  Indica- 
tion was  wanting  of  a  determined  rcfolve  that 
he  would  yet  carry  out  his  purpofe  of  obtain- 
ing poffedion  of  the  perfons  of  the  accufed. 

§  XXV.     The   King's  Reception  in 

Guildhall. 

^o"tlnt  ^^^^  ^^^^^  "^"^  o^ock  on  the  morning  of 

day  for  Wcdncfday  the  5th  January,  or  nearly  four 
Charles  I.  \^q^^^  before  the  time  to  which  the  Houfe  of 
Commons  had  adjourned  their  meeting  that 
day,  Charles  fet  out  upon  his  enterprife  of 
conferring  with  the  City  authorities  ;  and  the 
report  in  Rufhworth,  and  half  a  page  in 
Clarendon,  are  all  that  has  hitherto  come  down 
to  us  of  what  pafled  at  a  meeting  which  may 
be   faid    to  have  determined  the   King's  fate.* 

r  1*.  ^^1;  ^^^'  ^^^    '•  ''■^^^  480  i  Clarendon,  Hift.  iJ.   131.     I 
lubjoin  Runiworth's  account,  which,  brief  and   drv  as  it  is 
comprifes  all  the  detail  known   to  us  hitherto  of  what  tranfl 
pired.       **  His    Majefly   being   arrived   at  Guild    Hall,    and 
^  *'  the   Common  Council  affembied,  he  made  this  fpeech  to 

Kmg  s         '<  them  :   «  Gentlemen,  I  am  come  to  demand  fuch  perfons  as 

lE^Mu^n    **  '  ^  ^^^^  ^^'^^^y  ^'^^"^■^'^  ^^"  "'^^  Treafon,  and  do  believe 
Guildhall.  **  '  are  fhroudtd  in  tlie  City.      I  hope  no  good  man  will  keep 

'*  *  them  from  me  j  their  offences  are  Treafon  and  Mifde- 


%  XXV.     ^he  King's  Reception  in  Guildhall.  259 


i 


For,  in  this  vifit,  he  threw  his  laft  ftake  for  the 
good-will  of  his  citizen  fubjeds.  Declining 
to  take  any  Guard  with  him,  and  counting  to 
the  laft  upon  a  greeting  at  Guildhall  not  lefs 
enthufiaftic  or  loyal  than  had  welcomed  him 
on  his  return  from  Scotland,  he  left  White- 
hall with  the  confident  belief  that  he  ftiould 
drive  his  enemies  from  their  laft  refuge.  Nor 
was  he  without  fo  much  ground  for  the  delu- 
fion  as,  however  fcant  and  infufficient  in  reality, 
might  perhaps  have  been  expedled  to  fuffice  to 
a  mind  fo  obftinate  and  narrow.  He  continued 
to  have  undoubtedly  many  adherents  among 
thofe  holding  municipal  places.  One  of  the 
Sheriffs  was  his  unflinching  partizan.  The 
Chief  Magiftrate  wielded  extraordinary  powers 
in  that  day,  long  fince  fallen  to  difufe ;  and 
the  devoted  adherence  of  the  prefent  holder 
of  the  office,  carried  ftill  an  amount  of 
fupport  that  in  ordinary  circumftances  might 
have  turned  the  fcale.  Royalty  itfelf,  more- 
over, had  not  loft  even  then  all  its  old  tradi- 


His  laft 
ftake  for 
good-will 
of  City. 


His  confi- 
dence ftill 
unabated. 


Grounds 
for  fuch 
falfe  reli- 


ance. 


Prefent 
fupporters 
and  old 
traditions. 


**  *  meanour  of  an  high  nature.     I  defire  your  loving  afTiftance 

"  *  herein,  that  they  may  be  brought  to  a  legal  trial.     And 

*'  *  whereas   there  are  divers  fufpicions    raifed   that   I   am  a 

**  *  favourer  of  the  Popifh  Religion,  I  do  profefs  in  the  name  AfTur- 

"  *  of  a  king  that  I  did,  and  ever  will,  and  that  to  the  utmoft  ances  as  to 

**  *  of  my  power,  be  a  profeculor  of  all  fuch  as  fhall  any  ways  religion. 

**  *  oppofe  the  laws  and  ftatutesof  this  kingdom,  either  papifts 

"  *  or  fpparatifts ;  and  not  only  fo,  but  I  will  maintain  and 

*'  *  defend  that  ti-uc  Proteftant  Religion  which  my  Father  did 

"  *  profefs,  and  I  will  continue  in  it  during  life.*     His  Majefty 

"  was  nobly   entertained  that  day  in  London  at  the  houfe  of  pinner  at 

**  one  of  the  Sheriffs,  and  after  dinner  returned  to  Whitehall  Sheriff"'s. 

**  without  interruption  of  tumults." 

s  2 


zGo 


Reception 
on  his 
way. 


Caution 
to  be 
wary  of 
fpeech. 


Forced 
mildners. 


Captain 
Sling(by 
an  eye- 
and  ear- 
witneiji. 


«  Privi- 
lege !  pri- 
vilege ! 


■>■) 


*'  To  your 
tents,  O 
Ifrael." 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 

tional  and  inherent  authority  ;  and  the  number 
of  waverers,  or  men  of  no  fixed  opinion, 
whom  all  thefe  circumftances  would  be  Hkely  to 
influence,  could  not  have  been  inconfiderable. 
Hardly  had  Charles  pafTed  Temple  Bar,  how- 
ever, when  he  muft  have  felt  thefe  fupports  begin 
to  crumble  under  him ;  and  fuch  warning  had  he 
received  to  be  wary  of  his  fpeech  by  the  time  he 
reached  Guildhall,  that  his  declared  and  deter- 
mined purpofe  to  have  the  five  traitors  de- 
livered up  to  him,  w^hich  he  had  come  there 
exclufively  to  repeat  and  enforce,  muft  have 
founded  ftrangely  out  of  keeping  with  the 
forced  mildnefs  of  his  tone.  We  are  happily 
able  to  break  through  the  referve  of  Rufh- 
worth,  and  fully  to  defcribe  the  fcene. 

It  was  Captain  Slingfby^s  fortune  that  day, 
as  he  writes  to  Admiral  Pennington  the  day 
following,*  "  being  in  a  coach,"  to  meet  the 
King  with  his  fmall  train  going  into  the  City. 
Whereupon,  he  fays,  he  followed  him.  His 
Majefty's  reception  in  the  ftreets  was  not  favour- 
able. UnfupprefTed  cries  of  difcontent  broke 
forth.  The  multitude  prefled  around  his  coach 
with  confufed  fhouts  of  Privilege  of  Parliament  I 
Privilege  of  Parliament !  and  one,  lefs  reftrained 
than  the  reft,  made  himfelf  confpicuous  by 
flinging  into  the  window  a  paper  on  which 
was  written,   *^  To    your   Tents,  O   Ifrael  I " 

*  MS.  State  Paper  Office :  Slingfby  to  Pennington :  6th 
January  1641-2. 


§  XXV.     ne  King's  Reception  in  Guildhall, 

The  offence  was  expiated  at  Seffions  ;  but  the 
Ten  Tribes  had  even  now  deferted  the  Reho- 
boam,  whom  neverthelefs  the  more  gracious 
company,  the  Mayor,  the  Sherifi^s,  the  Alder- 
men, and  all  the  Common  Council  aflembled  in 
full  order  and  ceremony  at  Guildhall,  received 
with  every  external  mark  of  homage  and 
refpec5l. 

He  at  once  addrefled  them.  He  had  come, 
he  faid,  to  demand  fuch  perfons  as  he  had 
already  accufed  of  high  treafon,  and  did 
believe  were  flirouded  in  the  City.  He  hoped 
no  good  man  would  keep  them  from  him, 
their  ofi^ences  being  treafon  and  mifdemeanor 
of  a  high  nature ;  and  he  defired  afliftance  to 
bring  them  to  a  legal  trial.  He  was  very 
forry  to  hear  of  the  apprehenfions  the  City  had 
entertained  of  danger,  and  he  was  come  to 
them  to  fliow  how  much  he  relied  on  their 
affedlions  for  his  fecurity  and  guard,  having 
brought  no  other  with  him.  Whereas  there 
had  been  fufpicions  raifed  that  he  was  a  favorer 
of  the  Popifli  religion,  he  now  declared  to  them 
his  wifti  and  intention  to  join  with  the  Parlia- 
ment in  extirpation  not  alone  of  Popery, 
but  of  all  fchifms  and  fecflaries.  His  refolve 
was  to  redrefs  all  the  grievances  of  the  fubjed, 
and  his  care  fliould  be  to  preferve  the  privileges 
of  the  Parliament ;  but  again  and  again,  accord- 
ing to  Slingflby,  he  repeated,  he  muft  queftion 
thoje  Traitors.     He  j  uftified  the  Military  Guard 


261 


Arrival  at 
Guildhall. 


King's 
fpeech. 


Refolved 
to  have 
the  Five 
Members. 


Reliance 
on  the 
City's 
good-will. 


Will  re- 

drels 

grievances 

andrefpe6t 

privileges: 

but  muft 

queftion 

Traitors, 


262 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Memhers. 


Juftifies 

Whitehall 

Guard, 


Offers  to 
dine  with 
liberal 
Sheriff. 


Ominous 
filence : 
Oppofing 
cries. 


"  Privi- 
leges of 
Parlia- 
ment/' 
and  '*God 
blefs  the 
King." 


Has  any 
one  any- 
thing to 
fay? 


Yes — we 
vote  you 
hear  your 
Parlia- 
ment. 


eftabliflied  at  Whitehall,  and  faid  the  reafon 
thereof  was  ^^  for  fecuring  himfelf,  the  Parlia- 
"  ment,  and  themfelves,  from  thofe  late  tu- 
*^  mults.'*  He  added,  fays  Slingfby,  *^  fome- 
^^  thing  of  the  Irifh  ;  and  at  laft  had  fome 
*^  familiar  to  the  Aldermen  *'  (fpoke  them 
friendly  words,  that  is),  **^  and  invited  himfelf 
^^  to  dinner  to  the  SherifFs."  He  was  careful 
to  feledt  for  that  honour  Mr.  Sheriff  Garrett, 
who  was  of  the  two,  according  to  Clarendon, 
thought  to  be  lefs  inclined  to  his  fervice. 

So  far  all  had  paffed  very  quietly  ;  in  an 
ominous  filence,  but  without  interruption. 
Then,  fays  Slingfby,  after  a  little  paufe,  a  cry 
was  fet  up  among  the  Common  Council, 
Parliament  !  Privileges  of  Parliament !  And 
prefently  another,  God  blefs  the  King  I  Thefe 
two,  he  writes,  "continued  both  at  once  a 
"  good  while,  I  know  not  which  was  loudeft." 
Sufficiently  decifive  evidence,  it  will  be  thought, 
out  of  fuch  lips,  that  the  refiftance  to  the 
loyal  ejaculation  muft  indeed  have  been  ftoutly 
and  fturdily  maintained. 

Nothing  can  be  more  charaderiftic  than  the 
fequel,  as  related  by  this  eye-witnefs  fo  favor- 
able to  the  King.  "  After  fome  knocking  for 
*^  filence,  the  Kinge  comaunded  one  to  fpeake 
^^  if  they  had  any  thinge  to  fay.  One  fayd, 
"  //  is  the  vote  of  this  Court  that  your  Md"^ 
"  heare  the  advice  of  your  Par  lament.  But 
**  prefentlie    another   anfwered,   //   is  not  the 


§  XXV.      The  King's  Reception  in  Guildhall.  263 

''  vote  of  this  Court :  it  -is  your  ownn  vote  !  ^o—th^t 

•^  .        ,  /-  r  is  not  our 

^^The   Kinge   replyed,  JVho  ts  it  that  fays  /^^.e. 

''  do  not  take   the  advyce  of  my  Par  lament :   I 

''  do  take  their  advyce  and  will:  hut  I  mujl 

^^  diftinguifh  between  the  Par  lament  and  fome 

"  Tray  tors  in  it:  and  thofe"   (Slingfby  tells 

us  that  he  again  and  again  repeated  this)  "  he 

"  would    bring     to    tryall — tryall  1  '*      Then 

there  was  filence  again  :    but  prefently,    and 

quite  unexpededly,  another  highly  charader- 

iflic    interruption.      "  Another   bold     fellow,  A  bold 

t  ^  *  n        1  fellow  on 

"  m    the    lowefl    ranke,     flood    upp     upon  ^  ^-^^^^ 

"  a   forme,    and    cryed     The    Privi ledges    of 

"  Parlament  !     And  another  cryed  out,   Ob- 

^^ferve  the  man,  apprehend  him  I     The  King 

"mildly    replied,    I  have    and   will   obfervef^W^^^^' 

"  ail  privi  ledges  of  Parlament,  but    no  pri- 

"  viledges  can  proteEl  a  tray  tor  from  a  tryall —  "Trial— 

"  tryall  I     And  foe  departed.      In  the   outer 

"  hall  were  a  multitude  of  the  ruder  people, 

"  who,  as  the  King  went  out,  fett  up  a  greater 

"  cry  The  Privi  ledge  of  Parlament  T' 

Through  thefe  ruder  people  he  pafTed  to  Dineswith 
Sheriff  Garrett's  houfe,  was  nobly  entertained 
therein  until  3  o'clock,  and,  with  the  fatal  and 
determined  fhout  of  Privilege  I  Privilege ! 
again  raifed  from  the  lips  of  thoufands,  while 
upon  his  own  doubtlefs  there  trembled  flill 
the  hefitating  and  painful,  if  not  lefs  obflinate, 
cry  of  Trial— Trial!  he  returned  to  White- "  Trial— 

/  trial ' 

hall.      He  had  thrown  and  loft  the  flake. 


264 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 


§  XXVI.     Humiliation  and  Revenge. 

Incidents       Of    the   incidents   of  Charles   the    Firft's 

turnW^'  return   to  his  palace  on  this  ill-omened  day, 

White-     when,    as    Clarendon    mildly    phrafes    it,    he 

failed  of  that  applaufe  and  cheerfulnefs  which 

he  might  have  expeded  from  the  extraordinary 

grace   he   had    vouchfafed.    Captain   Slingfby 

fays  nothing  ;  but  they  are  named  by  another 

correfpondent  of    Pennington,    whofe   letter, 

contributing  fome  heightening  touches  even  to 

the  relation  juft  given,  will  find  alfo  here  its 

appropriate  place.     ''  Noble  Sir,'*  writes  Mr. 

Wifeman   Thomas  Wifeman  *    to  the  Admiral  of  the 

to  Pen-      Channel  Fleet,  ''  I  am  forry  that  the  times  are 

ninejton  :  ■;  ^ 

6th^janu-  "  fuch  they  will  afford  little  elfe  to  advize  of, 
^^*  '^  than  the  daily  diftradlions  that  increafe  upon 

News  of     *^  us.     The  laft  weeke,  1 2  B*'''*  were  impeached 
the  week,   cc  of  high  treafon  by  the  Parlament  ;  and  this 

^'  weeke,  5  of  the  cheiffe  memb''  of  the  Houfe 
"  of  Coiiions,  &  the  Lord  Mandeville  in  the 
*^  Lords  Houfe,  by  the  King ;  as  by  the 
"  charge  given  then,    &  theire    names,   you 

Bere  to  *  ^^*  State' Paper  Office.     6th  January.     I  append,  from 

PenninP-  ^^-^  ^^'"^  ^'^^  ^"^^  unexplored  materialsof  hiftory,fomefentences 
jQ^  .  ^~  '^'^  a  letter,  with  lame  date,  from  Under  Secretary  Sidney  Bere : 
"  Yefterday  the  King  went  to  Guild  Hall  in  perfon.  .  .  . 
**  They  made  a  confufed  noife  crying  out  for  Privileges  of 
"  Parliament,  to  w^i^  his  Ma*'*^  gave  all  the  alTurance  poffible 
**  that  his  intention  was  not  in  the  leafte  to  infringe  them.  .  . 
"  But  att  this  time  he  went  not  guarded  as  he  did  the  day 
'*  before  to  Parliament.  That  atternoone  the  Lower  Houl'e 
**  fatt,  &  have  adjourned  until  Tuefday  next.  .  .  w'^''  caufes 
"  ftill  a  greate  diltemper  of  apprehentions  amongft  them.'* 


6th  Janu 
ary. 

Cries  in 
City. 


§  XXVI.     Humiliation  and  Revenue. 


265 


may  perceive  by  a  particular  herew^^^  inclofed  Y^^^^^f^^ 

— w'^'  hath  bredd  fuch  a  diftemper  both  in  ^^^^^ 

y^  Cittie  &  Houfes  of  Parlam^  that  wee  ^  are 

not  free  from  the  fears  of  an  infurrecflion. 

The  6  perfons  keepe  out  of  the  way  ;    and  Accufed 

although  the  Comons  Houfe  did  promife  for  ^^^P;[?S 

theire    forth    coming,    yet    they    are    not  way. 

coming   forth.     His    Ma^^^  yeflerday  came 

into  the  Cittie,  &  made  a  gracious  fpeech 

to  the  Lord  Maio^  Aid"  &  Comon  Council! 

at  the  Guildhall,  where  they  were  affembled 

to  take  order  for  the  faftie  of  the  fame  ;  and 

did,  as  much  as  in  him  laye,  ftrive  to  give  Efforts  to 

them  all   fatiffacion.     Many    cryed  out  to  ^°"''^^"'^ ' 

his    Ma''"  to  mayntaine  the    priviledges  of 

parlam',  to  whom  he  mod  gently  replyed  it  Gentlenefs 

was  his  defire  foe  to  doe,   &  would  not  in  ^^j^^"^ ' 

the  leafl  invade  upon  them  ;   but  they  mufl 

give  him  leave  to  diflinguifhe  betweene  the  pirmnefs 

Parlamt  and  fome  ill-affedled  members  in  it,  ^^^^J'P"'" 

w'^  have  gon    about  by  treafons  to  iniure 

his  perfon,  and  to  w^Mrawe  his  people  from 

their  allegiance.     And  therefore,  both  for 

his  owne  faftie  &  theire  goods,  hee  muft  and  Muft 

will  finde  them  out,  to  bring  them  to  Juftice  ^'J^^^^rsto 

— w^'  fhould  be  don  in  a  legall  and  parlamen-  trial. 

tarye  way,  &  no  other  wayes.     And  if  they 

could  cleare  themfelves,  he  fhould  bee  glad  of 

it ;   if  otherwife,  hee  held  them  not  memb" 

fitt  to  fitt  in  that  afTemblye,  w^  were  mett 

together    to    make    good    lawes,    and    to 


266 


Dinner  at 

Sheriff 

Garrett's. 


Shouts  of 
people 
againft  the 
King. 


Glad  to 
get  home. 


Why 
Commons 
left  Weft- 
miniter. 


Expecta- 
tion of 
bloodfhed. 


Doubts 
which 
party 
llrongeft. 


JrreJI  of  the  Five  Members. 

"  reforme   the   abufes  of  the  kingdome,   and 
"  not  to  betray  their   King.     Afterwards,  his 
'^  Matie  was  pleafed  to  bidd  himfelfe  to  dinner 
''  to  Sheriff  Garrett's,  where  hee  ftayed  till  3  of 
"  the  clock;  and  then,  returning  to  Whitehalle, 
*^  the   rude  multitude  followed,  crying  againe 
^^  Priv Hedges  ofparlamty  Priv Hedges  of  J)arlam^y 
^'  whereat  the  good  King  was  fomewhat  moved, 
^^  and   I  believe  was  glad  when   hee   was    at 
"  home.      The    Comittee    of  the    Houfe   of 
"  Comons — (being  affrayed,  as  is  conceived,  of 
"  the  King's  Guards,  w^^  hee  hath  lately  taken 
^^  to  his  own  perfonne  at  WhitehaulJ,  beinge 
^^  there    a    Courte    of  Guard    built,    and    the 
^^  Trayne   bands  of  Middlefex  night  and  day 
^'  attending,  w*^  at  leaft  6  fcore  other  officers, 
"  w'*^  have  theire  dyett  at  Courte) — come  into 
''  the  Cittie  at  the  Guildhaull   to  hould  theire 
'^  confultatons,   the  Parlam^  being   adjourned 
"  till  Tuefday  next.      What  thefe  diftempers 
^^  will  produce,  the  God  of  Heaven  knowes ; 
'^  but  it   is  feared  they  cannot  otherwife  end 
**  than  in  blood.      The  Puritan  fadlionne,  w*'' 
"  the  fectaryes  &  fchifmatickes,  are  foe  preva- 
*'  lent  both  in  Cittie  and  Countrey,  that  no 
"  man  can  tell,  if  the  King  &  Parlam^  fliould 
^^  not  agree,  w'*'  partie  would  bee  ftrongeft.   On 
''  Tuefday   his    Ma^'^*   went   to   the  Houfe  of 
^^  Comons    to  demand   the    perfons    of  thofe 
"  that  were  accufed  for  treafon :   but  they  were 
"  not  there  to  be  found.    The  Houfe,  it  feemes. 


§  XXVI.      Humiliation  and  Revenge. 


267 


"  taking  it  ill  the  King  fhould  come  In  that  Retm- 

"  manner    to    breake    their    privilledges,    for 

"  ought  I  can  underftande  refolve  to  proted 

"  theire  memb'%  &  not  to  deliver  them  into  the 

''  hands  of  the  King.     And  to  take  them^  by 

cc  force — they  have  fuch  a  partie  in  the  Cittie 

*^  that   it  will  coft  hott  water!     We  have  3 

'^  Privie  Councill"  more   made:   the   Earl  of  More 

''  Southat°",  niy  Lord  of  ffaulkland,  &  Sr  Jno  P^undllors 

"  Colpepper,  whoe  is  likewife  Chancell''  of  the  made. 

<*  Exchequer  ;  and  my  Lord  of  SoutW°"  fworne 

"  Gentleman  of  the  Bedchamber  to  the  King. 

"  Thus    you   fee   the    changes    of  the    times, 

^'  whereon  I  pray  God  preferve  our  Gracious  Godpre- 

"  King,  and  fend  us  peace  at  home  whatfoever  ^'^'^T 

<'  wee  have  abroad  :  wh^''  is  the  hartye  prayer  of 

"  y^  moil  afFed"   &   faithfull    friende,    Tho. 

"Wiseman.       My    wife,   and  Dodlor,  wifh  M^ffage 

^^  you  a  good  new  year,  &  Ihee  hath  lent  you  wifeman. 

«f  a  toaken  of  her  refpeds  to  you,  &  prays  yor 

^^  acceptance  wherein  I  fliall  acknowledge  my 

''  thanks  &  reft  once  again  yours,  T.  W." 

Yet  another,  however,  and  perhaps  worfe  ^^.  J^^|^^ 
trial  was  referved  for  the  King,  when,  within  Charles. 
a  couple  of  days  after  this  vifit  of  evil  omen, 
its  refult  declared  itfelf  in  a  formal  anfwer  from 
the  magnates  of  the  City  to  the  demand  he  had 
made  for  fafe  delivery  into  his  cuftody  of  the 
bodies  of  Pym,  Hampden,  and  the  reft.     He  vifit  from 

J       '  ^  111  Common 

had  to  receive  their  furred  and  robed  deputa-  council : 
tion  in    Whitehall ;   and    to  liften  while  Mr. 


^69 

Their 
advice  : 


confult 
"with  your 
Parlia- 
ment : 

leave  the 
Tower 
alone : 

difperfe 
the  White, 
hall 

Guard  : 

abandon 
impeach- 
ment. 


Anecdote 
told  by 
Slingfby, 


Jrre/}  of  the  Five  Members, 

Recorder  read  aloud  their  petition,   reprefent- 
ing    the  dangers    which  had  arifen,    and  the 
greater  that  were  impending,  from  the  mif- 
underftanding  between    his    Majefty  and  his 
Parliament ;  and   praying  him  again  to  refort 
to  the  advice  of  that  great  council,  to  abftain 
from   further  fortifying   of  Whitehall  or  the 
Tower,  to  place  the  latter  fortrefs  into  the  hands 
of  perfons  of  truft,  to  remove  all  unufual  mili- 
tary companies  and  armament  from  the  pre- 
cinds  of  his  palace,  to  appoint  a  known  and 
approved  Guard  for  the  fafety  of  himfelf  and 
his   Parliament,  and  not  further  to  reftrain  of 
their  liberty,  or  proceed  againft  otherwife  than 
accordmg  to  parliamentary  right  and  privilege, 
the  members  lately  accufed. 

Humiliating  trials  all  thefe,  no  doubt ;  and 
it  requires  no  effort  to  underfland  the  emotion, 
and  the  eagernefs  to  be  home  again,*  which  the 
good  Mr.  Wifeman  attributes  to  his  gracious 
fovereign  while  yet  on  the  City  fide  of  Temple 
Bar.  ^  But  it  requires  fome  effort,  as  well  as  a 
very  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  charader 
of  this  King,  not  to  rejed  as  almoft  incredible 


-  Daoer  feale  1  un    vvch   K  '  '"'^'r  ^''P  ^'^^m^'er,  who  had  a 

nimleite.     VV^ith  his  much  miportunitie  he  was  ur^ed  to  be 

mad   or  drunke  but  he  denyeclboth.    The  gentleman  ufher 

ooke  the  paper  from  him  carried  it  to  the  Kmg,  and  def'rin. 

"wS  reoc'»  ''     "^      '    ^''^'"''=    ^"'  ^  ^"^^^    ""^ 


§  XXVI.     Humiliation  and  Revenge, 


269 


the  fuppofition,  that  his  firft  ad,  upon  his  return  King's 

,  .  ,  -  •    •         r     \         y    rr  ^rft  a6l  on 

to  his  palace  after  receiving  luch  a  lellon,  was  return 
with   his  own  hand  to  pen  a  frefh  inftrudion  ^^^"^  ^^^y* 
to  Mr.  Secretary  Nicholas,  for  a  new  proclama- 
tion denouncing  the  accufed  members,  fpecially 
direded   againft    thofe  who  were   harbouring 
them,  and  to  be  ifTued  on  the  following  day.  New  pro- 
The  fad  neverthelefs  is  undeniable.    Clarendon  againft  the 
exprefHy  mentions  the  publication  of  that  parti-  members ! 
cular  proclamation  on  the  ^^  next  day,"*  and 
I  have  difcovered  in  the  State  Paper  Office  the 
rough  draft  of  it,  with  the  date  of  the  5  th  of  Rough 
January,  wholly  in  the  handwriting  of  Charles  K^n J^ 
himfelf.     Kimbolton  is  not  named  in  it.     It  is  ^^^^l- 
reftrided  to  the  five  members  of  the  Lower  Kim- 
Houfe,  with  probably  a  lingering  hope  that  the  "^^^^^^^ 
Upper  Houfe,  if  the  flruggle  with  them  were 
put  afide,  might  yet  be  induced  to  ad  with 
the  Court.     It  is  endorfed  by  Nicholas,  ^^  His 
^^  Ma^'^'^  warr^  to  me  to  draw  upp  a  Proclama- 
*^  tion  ag^  Mr.   Pym,   &:c."  ;  is  addreffed  to 
"  Our  trufly    and  well-beloved    Counceir  S'" 
"  Edward  Nicholas,  Kn^,  our  Principal  Secre-  inftruc- 
*'  tary  of  State,"  and  runs  thus  :  *'  Charles  R,  secretary 
*^  — Our  will  and  pleafure  is  that  you  forthwith  ^^^cholas. 
^^  prepare  a  draught  of  a  Proclamation  declar- 
"  ing  y**  courfe  of  our  proceedings  upon  the 
"  accufation  of  High  Treafon  and  other  high 
*^  mifdemeanours  lodged  againft  Mr.   Denzill 
''  Hollis,  S*"  Arthur  Haflerig,  Mr.  John  Pym, 

*  Hi/I.  ii.  131, 


270 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members, 


The  guilty 

have 

efcaped. 


Injunc- 
tion to 
feize  them. 


Prohibi- 
tion 
againft 
harbour- 
ing them. 


The  City 
threaten- 
ed. 


Solely  the 
King'sa6>. 


*'  Mr.  John  Hampden,  and  Mr.  William 
*^  Strode,  members  of  Our  Houfe  of  Com- 
"  mons,  who,  being  ftruck  with  the  confcience 
''  of  their  own  guilt  of  foe  hainous  crimes, 
"  have  made  their  efcape.  And  Our  will  & 
*'  pleafure  is,  that  you  thereby  commande  all 
*'  ou""  officers  minifters  and  loving  fubjecfls 
'^  to  ufe  their  diligence  in  y^  apprehending  & 
'^  carrying  of  them,  &  every  of  them,  to  Our 
'*  Tower  of  London,  to  bee  kept  in  fafe  cuf- 
*^  tody,  to  bee  brought  to  triall  according  to 
"  juftice.  And  that,  moreover,  you  prohibitt 
*^  all  ou''  loving  fubjefts  to  harbor  relieve 
"  &  maintayne  them,  with  any  other  fit 
^'  claufe.  And  for  doing  hereof  this  fhall  bee 
'^  yo""  fufficient  warrant.  Given  at  our  Court 
'^  at  Whitehall  this  fifth  day  of  January  in  the 
'^  17th  yeare  of  our  Reigne." 

Any  fuch  prohibition  againft  harbouring 
the  accufed  was  in  effect  a  threat  againft  the 
City,  launched  precifely  at  the  moment  when 
its  author  had  difcovered  himfelf  powerlefs  to 
enforce  it ;  and  this  circumftance,  even  if  the 
warrant  had  not  been  entirely  in  the  hand- 
writing of  the  King,  muft  have  fufficed  to 
declare  it  exclufively  the  King's  a6l.  Here  no 
doubt  can  exift.  It  would  have  been  Iheer  mad- 
nefs  in  any  other  man  to  affume,  in  fuch  cir- 
cumftances,  the  refponfibility.  It  is  not  con- 
ceivable, for  a  moment,  whatever  part  Nicholas 
or  the  reft  may  have  taken  before  the  declared 


§  XXV II.     Reajfembling  of  the  Commons. 


71 


Hopelefs 
and  reck- 
lefs  per- 
fiftence. 


Repent- 
ance of 
Nicholas. 


Charles 
direfts 
even  print- 
ing of 
proclama- 
tion. 


and  manifeft  failure,  that  they  fliould  now 
have  encouraged  a  perfiftence  fo  hopelefs,  fo 
recklefs,  fo  impotently  obftinate  and  vain.  It 
will  fliortly  appear  indeed,  in  exprefs  terms, 
that  by  this  time  Nicholas  very  heartily  had  re- 
pented of  having  ever  accepted  his  high  office; 
and  there  is  every  reafon  to  believe,  that,  from 
the  day  when  the  City  thus  declared  againft  the 
King,  Sir  Edward  required,  for  even  the  com- 
moneft  minifterial  a6l  connedled  with  the  im- 
peachment of  the  members,  Charles's  own  fign 
manual.  For  the  very  printing  of  this  procla- 
mation the  King  has  himfelf  written  the  inftruc- 
tion,  preferved  alfoin  the  State  Paper  Office.* 

§  XXVII.     Reassembling    of    the   Com- 
mons. 

Meanwhile,  at  fome  half  hour  after  one  Wednef-  ; 
o'clock  on  the  fame  fifth  of  January,  while  the  January, 
exciting  fcenes  above  defcribed  were  in  progrefs  1^4^-2. 
in  the  City,  the  Houfe  of  Commons  had  reaf- 
fembled   at  Weftminfter.      The    agitation   of^^^^''- 
yefterday  had    not    fubfided.       The    firft    ad  tatlon^not 
was  to  order  that  the  doors  be  locked, f  and  the  ^^^^^^^^« 
outer  lobbies   cleared  of  all  perfons    but  fer- 

*   **  Charles   R.      Our  will  and  Command  is  that  you  Kinp-'s  in- 
*' give  orders    to   Our    Printer   to    print   Our    Proclamation  f^j-uftions " 
*'  for  Apprehending  of  Mr.  John  Pym,  Mr.  John  Hampden,  .^  ^^inf^^r 
"Mr.    Denzil    Hollis,    Sir   Arthur    Halelrigge,    and    Mr!       ^ 
**  Wm.    Strode.      For   which     this    fhall    bee    yo'    warrant. 
"  Given  at  Our    Court  at    Whitehall  this   6  day  of  Jan^ 
**  1641. 

**  To  Sir  Edw*'  Nicholas 

"  OurPrincipall  Secretary."     f  Harl.  MSS,  162,  f.  307  b. 


272 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Member s. 


§  XXVII.     ReaJJembling  of  the  Commons. 


273 


Watches 
fent  out. 


260  mem- 
bers pre- 
fent : 

90  of  the 

King's 

party. 


The  mem- 
ber for 
Colchefter 
leads  de- 
bate. 


Grim 
fton's 
fpeech. 


Its  fcope 
and  value. 


vants  to  members ;  that  no  member  (hould  ofFer 
to  go  out  without  leave  ;  and  that  fome  fhould 
fend  forth  their  fervants,  to  fee  what  numbers 
of  people  were  repairing  towards  Weftminfter, 
and  to  bring  I'iOtice  to  the  Houfe.  So  pre- 
pared and  watchful  for  other  than  the  conflidls 
of  debate,  and  with  hands  nervoufly  clutching 
at  lefs  peaceful  weapons,  there  fat  this  day  two 
hundred  and  fixty  members,  and  among  them 
nearly  ninety  of  the  party  of  the  King.  The 
Royalifts  had  not  aflembled  in  fuch  force  fince 
the  debate  and  divifion  of  the  1 5  th  of  December 
on  the  printing  of  the  Remonftrance.  When 
D'Ewes  entered  the  Houfe,  he  found  Grimfton, 
the  member  for  Colchefter,  fpeaking  of  "  the 
^^  great  breach  of  their  privileges  by  his  Ma- 
^' jefty*s  coming  to  the  Houfe  yefterday  with 
**  fo  great  a  number  of  officers  of  the  late 
*^  army,  and  men  defperate  of  purpofe  and 
'*  in  fortune,  armed  fome  of  them  with  hal- 
*^  berds  and  fwords,  others  with  fwords  and 
**  piftols,  demanding  to  be  delivered  to  him 
*'  Mr.  Pym  and  other  members  of  the  Houfe, 
**  whom  he  accufed  of  high  treafon." 

Mr.  Grimfton's  fpeech  was  not  only  very 
able,  ftriking  fkilfully  feveral  chords  which 
elicited  loud  and  vehement  refponfe,  but  it 
cleared  the  ground  for  all  the  fubfequent  dif- 
cufTions,  and  at  once  gave  to  the  refentment 
which  the  King's  ad  had  aroufed,  its  proper 
fhape     and     right      diredion.       Parliament, 


he    faid,    had   always  claimed  and   exercifed  Expofition 
power  and  jurifdidion  above  all  other  courts  power  of 
of   judicature  in    the    land :    its    wifdom   and  ^^^^'^" 

J  ^  ment. 

policy  had  been  accounted  of  higher  import 
than  thofe  of  any  other  council  ;  and  all  orders 
in  the  State  had  been  brought  frankly  to  admit 
its  rights  and  privileges,  its  power  and  jurif- 
didion,  its  free  continuance.  Whence  and 
wherefore  had  proceeded,  then,  the  interruption 
of  which  they  complained  ? 

The  anfwer  to  that  queftion  was  to  be  found  Why  fo 
bv  inquiry  into  what  circumftances  they  were  ^^^'^J'^^y. 

*,*■■',  ,       •'  predomi- 

which  had  given  fuch  ^^aweful  predominancy"  to  nant  ? 
the  very  name  of  a  Parliament  in  this  nation.   It 
was  becaufe  the  ordinances  and  ftatutes  of  that 
high  court  ftruck  with   terror  and  defpair  all 
fuch    evil-doers    as  were    malefadors  in    the  Becaufe  it 
State.      It  was  becaufe,  not  alone  the  meaneft  P""*^^^^^ 

evii-doers: 

of  his  Majefty's  fubjeds,  but  the  greateft  per- 
fonages  of  the  kingdom,  were   in  danger,  if 
infringers  of  the  law,  to  be  called  in  queftion 
by  this  higheft  court,  and  to  be  by  it  puniftied. 
It  was,  on  the  other  hand,  becaufe  the  drooping 
fpirits  of  men,  groaning  under  the  burden  of  comforts 
tyrannical  opprefTion,  had  been  from  the  fame  *^^/?^~. 
fource  enriched  and    comforted ;  while  places 
and    offices   of    power,    both    in  Church  and 
State,  had  been  ftruck  out  of  the  hands  ofandftrlps 
the  wicked  and  the  unmerciful.     He  difcovered  ^^f  ^'^ked 

.  of  place. 

the  explanation  to  be,  therefore,  that  the  ad 
of  which  they  complained  was  the  ad  of  evil 


274 

The  late 
outrage 
due  to  evil 
counl'el- 
lors. 


Offences 
charged. 


Condu6\in 
Parlia- 
ment. 


Ritrht  to 

fpeak 

treely. 


Title  not 
to  have 
votes  quef- 
tioned : 


whether 
on  bills  of 
attainder 
or  others : 


or  in  draw- 
ing up  Re- 
monllran- 
ces. 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 

counfellors  who  defired,  if  poffible,  to  break 
off  and  dlffolve  a  Parliament  which  had  de- 
clared its  intention  to  bring  all  incendiaries 
and  delinquents  in  the  State  to  condign  punifh- 
ment  for  their  crimes. 

Then  Grimfton  pointed  diftindlly  to  fpecific 
offences  given  by  members  of  that  Houfe,  at 
which  the  articles  of  treafon  had  been  direded. 
He  declared  that  no  pretence  exifted  for  treafon- 
able  charge  except  fuch  as  condud  in  the  Houfe 
itfelf  might  have  provoked.    In  reply  to  which, 
amid    Hern  expreffions  of  fympathy  from  all 
around  him,  the  member  for  Colchefter  claimed 
for  himfelf,   and  for  them  all,  the  inalienable 
right,  within  the  walls  of  Parliament,  to  fpeak 
freely,   without  interruption  or  contradidlion, 
in  all  debates,  difputes,  or  arguments,  upon  any 
bufinefs  agitated  therein.      He  claimed  it  as  a 
privilege  that  they  (hould  not  be  queftioned  for 
this  by  any  human  power.     Whether,  he  went 
on  to  fay,  with  allufions  he  did  not  care  to  make 
lefs  open  and  undifguifed,  it  were  freely  to  give 
vote,  judgment,  or  fentence  upon  the  reading  of 
any  bill  to  be  made  a  law,  or  upon  any  bill  either 
of  attainder  or  other  charge  againft  delinquents 
and    perfons    criminous    to    the     State ;     or 
whether  it  were,  by  free  vote,  to  iffue  Protefta- 
tion,   Remonjlrance,  or  other  Declaration ;  he 
claimed  this  for  himfelf,  and  for  all,  as  thefolemn 
right  and  privilege  of  Parliament. 

Wherefore    his    conclufion    was,    that    for 


§  XXVII.      Reajfembling  of  the  Commons. 


z-jS 


members  of  that  Houfe  to  be  accufed  of  any  Conclu- 
crime,  or  to  be  impeached  for  treafon  by  any  ^^"  * 
perfon  whatever,  during   the    continuance  of 
Parliament,    for    things    done    in    the   fame,  Members 
without  lecral  accufation  and  profecution  by  the  ^^^^^^^ 
whole  Houfe — and  further,  that  to  be  appre-  dua  in 
hended  or  arrefted  upon  fuch   impeachment,     °"  ^  * 
or  to  have  ftudies    broken  open,  and    books  lodgings 
or  writings  feized   upon,  without  confent  and  and  pa'jjers 
warrant  of  tlie  whole  Houfe — was   a    breach  ^'^'^ed : 
of  the  privilege   and   right  belonging  to    the  a  breach 
power,  the  jurifdidion,  and  the  continuance  ofJ'JP"^'" 
the  High  Court  of  Parliament.     All  which,  he 
fubmitted,  it  was  in  the  higheft  degree  expedient 
explicitly  and  promptly  to  embody,  in  a  decla- 
ratory refolution  of  tlie  Commons  of  England. 

Grimfton  refumed  his  feat  amid  cries  of  ap-  Motion 
proval  which  his  folid  and  mafterly  expofuion  g^.^JJ,, 
had  well  deferved,  and  preparation  was  there-  ^p""'=* 
upon  made  to  refer  it  to  a  Committee  to  draw  ^""^^ 
up  the  neceffary  refolution.     This,  however, 
was  ftoutly  oppofed  by  feveral  of  the  Royalifts,  Oppofed 
headed  by  Hopton  of  the  Weft.      '^  Sir  Ralph  ^Ir^""^' 
*'  Hopton  and  feme  ^vq  or  fix  more,*'  fays 
D'Ewes, ''  excufed  his  Majefty's  coming  with  fo  Excufes 
''  extraordinary  a  number.''    But  the  majority,  ^""l  ^^^ 
led  by  Glyn    the    member    for    Weftminfter,     '"^' 
fteadily  carried  their    point  ;    and,    proceeds 
D*Ewes,  the  Houfe  "  nominated  Mr.  Glyn  and  Commlt- 
''  fome  few  others  to  withdraw  into  the  Com-  pre^efo^* 
*'  mittee  Chamber,  and  to  draw  up  a  declaration  '"^^°"- 

T  2 


276 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 


They  re- 
tire : 


do  noth- 
ing till 
their  re- 
turn. 


They  re- 
turn in  a 
quarter  of 
an  hour: 


with  a 
refolution 
written 
before  we 
met. 


D'Ewes 

not  in 
confidence 
of  lead- 
ers : 


'^  to  that  end  and  purpofe.'*  They  withdrew 
accordingly  ;  and  then  rofe  the  member  for 
Hertfordfhire,  Sir  William  Lytton,  to  fuggeft 
that  no  other  bufinefs  fhould  he  taken  in  hand 
until  their  return.  He  was  warmly  feconded 
in  this  :  Sir  John  Clotworthy,  on  the  other 
hand,  pointing  out  the  urgency  of  Irifh  affairs, 
and  defiring  that  they  might  but  append  a  fhort 
refolution  to  fome  propofitions  agreed  upon 
by  the  Irifh  Committee.  To  the  furprife  of 
not  a  few,  however,  and  of  D'Ewes  among 
them,  it  was  found  that  this  debate  might 
have  been  fpared ;  for,  in  the  midft  of  it, 
Glyn  and  his  friends  returned.  *^  During  the 
"  debate,"  fays  D'Ewes,  ''  Mr.  Glyn  and  the 
^^  reft  who  were  commanded  to  withdraw  into 
'^  the  Committee  Chamber,  having  ftayed 
^^  there  about  a  quarter  of  an  hour,  now 
*'  brought  down  a  long  Declaration  ready 
'^  penned,  which  was  doubtlefs  prepared  and 
'^  ready  written  by  fome  members  of  the 
"  Houfe  before  we  met  this  afternoon." 
D'Ewes  here  uneafily  refers  to  confultationswith 
Pym  and  the  reft  in  Coleman  Street,  to  which 
he  had  not  been  invited ;  but  it  is  juft  to 
him  to  ftate,  that,  throughout  the  invaluable 
record  he  has  preferved  of  thefe  momentous 
fcenes,  from  which  details  are  here  taken 
hitherto  unknown,  not  even  diftantly  re- 
ferred to  in  the  Journals  of  the  Houfe,  and 
of  which   no  mention  is  made  in  Sir  Ralph 


§  XXVII.     ReaJJembling  of  the  Commons, 


277 


Vernev's   or  any  other  memorial,  his  perfonal  but  his 

•  Recount 

jealoufies    and    diflikes     have    fmall    weight  truft- 
againft  the  gravity  of  the  fads  he  reveals.         ^^"^^^y. 
He  thus  defcribes  the  Declaratory  Refolution  Glyn's 

JJeclara— 

brought    back    by    Glyn:    ''It   contained    intoryRefo-" 

"  fubftance  that  his    Majefty    had    yefterday  ^^^^^"• 

''  broken    the  privileges  of   this    Houfe,    by 

''  coming    hither    with    a    great    number    of 

"  armed  men,  and   ftriking  terror   into    the 

"  members.     And  though  we  could    not    fit 

'^  here  in  fafety,  nor  properly   fall  upon  the 

''  agitation  or    handling  of   any  bufinefs  till 

''  we  had   vindicated  our  privileges,   yet  our 

^'  care  to  uphold  this  commonwealth,  and  the 

''  confideration   of  the  miferable  condition  of 

'^  Ireland,  had  induced  us  firft  to  adjourn  this  Propofcd 

''  Houfe  to  (and  fo  a  blank  was  left  for  the  j^J^"'""" 

^'  day),  and  to  appoint  a  Grand  Committee 

'^  to  fit  at  the  Guildhall  in  London  at  3   of  Grand 

"  the  clock  this  afternoon,  to  confider  of  the  ^^^omm^^^^^^ 

*^  means  of  our  fafety,.  and  of  the  affiftance  the  City. 

''  of    Ireland,    and    to    authorize    the    feledl 

''  committee  of  Irifli   affairs  to  fit  when  and 

*^  where  they  pleafed." 

This  having  been  read  by  the  Clerk,  a  warm  Warm  de- 
debate  arofe.     The  oppofitlon  was  led  by  Sir  ^^^ 
Ralph  Hopton,  who  declared  that  there  was 
no  precedent  for  what  therein  was  propofed  to 
be  done.     For  his  own  part,  he  thought  that  ^^^^^^^ 
many  excufes  might   be  urged  for  the  King's 
having  come  to  the   Houfe    with  fo  great  a 


278 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 


Did  not 
we  give 
fir  ft  provo- 
cation ? 


And  how 
gracious 
the  King's 
fpeech  ! 

Oppofes 
Commit- 
tee and 
adjourn- 
ment. 


''Grand" 
commit- 
tee alter- 
ed to"  Se- 
lea." 


Adjourn 
till  to- 
morrow 
at  9 
o'clock. 


number,  and  fo  unufually  armed.  And  then  he 
pleaded  a  neceflity  which  the  King  himfelf  had 
created  (afTuming  this  ftatement  of  it  to  be  true), 
to  juftify  the  outrage  he  afterwards  committed. 
"  Had  we  not  ourfelves  had  divers  of  our 
"  fervants  lately  attending  in  the  lobby  without 
^^  the  doors  of  this  Houfe,  armed  alfo  in  an  un- 
"  ufual  manner,  with  carabines  and  piftols  ?  " 
He  begged  the  Houfe  to  remember,  too,  that 
the  fpeech  his  Majefty  made  on  the  occafion 
had  been  full  of  grace  and  goodnefs.  In  conclu- 
fion,  adds  D'Ewes,  '^  he  did  not  think  we  could 
"  appoint  a  Grand  Committee  to  go  into  Lon- 
*^  don,  nor  would  he  have  had  us  to  have  ad- 
'' journed  at  all.*'  Then  followed  fome  warm 
fpeaking  on  both  fides  ;  and  the  time  originally 
named  as  the  limit  for  the  fitting  of  the  Houfe, 
as  well  as  the  hour  for  aflembling  elfewhere, 
had  foon  flipped  away.  In  the  end,  D'Ewes 
tells  us,  *^  we  refolved  to  alter  it  from  a  Grand 
*^  Committee  to  a  Seledl  Committee,  and  to 
*'  adjourn  the  fitting  of  this  Houfe  to  Tuefday 
*'  the  nth,  and  it  being  between  three  and 
*'  four  of  the  clock  we  did  alter  our  meeting 
*^  this  afternoon  till  to-morrow  morning  at 
*^  nine  of  the  clock."  Not,  however,  without 
a  divifion.  Hopton  and  his  friends  objedled 
equally  to  the  Selecft  Committee,  and  infifted 
upon  dividing.  ^'  The  Speaker,"  D'Ewes 
continues,  '^  put  the  queftion  as  followeth  : 
^'  As  many  as  are  of  opinion  that  a  Committee 


§  XXVII.     Reajfemhling  of  the  Commons.  '2-l() 


''  ftiall  be  appointed  by  this  Houfe  to  fit  at 
''  Guildhall  in  London,  let  them  fay  Aye,  to 
"  which  there  was  a  great  affirmative  :  and  to 
''  the  negative,  a  lefs.  Next,  the  Speaker 
"  appointed  tellers  for  the  Ayes,  who  went 
''  out  (of  which  number  I  was),  Mr.  Arthur 
*'  Goodwin  and  Mr.  Carew.  Their  number 
*'  was  170.  And  for  the  Noes,  who  fat  ftill, 
''  he  appointed  tellers  Mr.  Kirton  and  Mr. 
''  Herbert  Price,  and  the  number  was  86, 
''  and  fo  it  was  carried  accordingly."* 

The  naming  of  the  Committee  then  took 
place.  ''  And  thereupon,"  continues  the 
precife  Sir  Simonds,  ''  Sir  John  Culpeper, 
''  newly  made  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer, 
"  and  divers  others,  were  named  to  fit  a  com- 
''  mittee  at  the  Guildhall  in  London  to-morrow 
"  morning  at  9  of  the  clock,  and  all  that 
«'  would  come  were  to  have  voices  :  and  they 
''  were  to  confider  of  the  breach  of  the  Privilege 

♦  Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  308  a.  In  little  more  than  a  fortnight 
(fee  ante  36,  37),  upon  the  impeachment  of  the  Duke  ot 
Richmond  (for  his  famous  fally  in  the  Lords  upon  the  Militia 
Bill  being  brought  under  conlideration,  when  he  broke  in 
upon  fundry  grave  fuggeftions  as  to  the  day  when  difcuffion 
ftiould  be  taken  thereon,  by  advifmg  as  a  greatly  preferable 
courfe,  '*  an  adjournment  for  fix  months  "),  the  King's  party 
muftered  in  larger  force,  but  the  popular  leaders  had  made 
correfponding  exertion.  The  numbers  then  were  223  led 
into  the  lobby  by  Hollis  and  Stapleton,  to  123  of  whom  the 
counters  were  Culpeper  and  Herbert  Price.  From  a  fpeech 
made  on  the  occafion  by  D'Ewes,  wherein  he  thought  the  only 
excufe  that  could  polfibly  be  made  for  the  Duke  was  his  bemg 
** a  young  man,"  fome  li.^ht  may  be  thrown  on  the  argu- 
ment, ante  198,  drawn  from  his  applying  a  fimilar  epithet  to 
Strode.  The  Duke  of  Richmond  was  now  nine-and-twenty. 
—Harl.  MSS.   162,  f.  356  b. 


Divifion 
upon 

going  into 
City. 


170 
againft  86, 


Sele6lion 
of  the 
Commit- 
tee. 


All  who 
come  to 
have 
voices. 

Divifion 
as  to  Duke 
of  Rich- 
mond. 


223 

againft 

123. 


28o 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 


Names 
on  Com 
mittee. 


Its  duties.  ''  of  Parliament  by  his  Majefty's  coming  yefter- 
'^  day,  with  other  particulars  mentioned  in  the 
''  before-recited  declaration."  The  Committee 
Comprlfes  included,  befides  Falkland  and  Culpeper,  fome 
Royafias.  ardent  Royalifts,  and  feveral  not  unfriendly  to 
the  King.     Among  thefe  fat  Herbert  Price, 
the  member  for  Brecon  ;  Sir  Richard  Cave,  who 
fat  for  Lichfield;  Sir  Ralph  Hopton  himfelf; 
Sir  John  and  Chriftopher  Wray,  the  members 
for    Lincolnfhire    and    Great     Grimfby ;     Sir 
Benjamin      Rudyard ;       the      members     for 
Cockerworth    and    Chippenham,     Sir    John 
Hippefley  and   Sir  Edward    Hungerford.     It 
comprifed,   on    the    other    hand,   Glyn  ;    Sir 
Philip  Stapleton;  William  Pierrepoint  (Earl 
Kingfton's    fecond    fon,    who    fit    for    Great 
Wenlock),  and  Nathaniel  Fiennes  ;   Bulftrode 
Whitelock,     the    member    for  Marlow  ;     Sir 
Thomas  Walfingham,  who  fat  for  Rochefter  ; 
the  members  for  Weftbury  and   Ludgerfliall, 
Mr.    Wheeler    and    Mr.    Walter   Long;     Sir 
John  Hotham ;  Sir  Walter  Earle  ;  Sir  Robert 
Cooke,  who  fit  for  Tewkefbury  ;   Mr.  Grim- 
fton  and  Sir  Thomas  Barrington,  who  fat  for 
Colchefter  ;      and    the    members   for   Devon- 
ihire  and  Hertford  (hire.  Sir  Samuel  Rolle  and 
Hyde,  St.  Sir   William  Lytton.      Hyde^s  name  nowhere 
OomwJif  appears  ;   neither  does  that  of  Oliver  St.  John, 
'  the  Solicitor-General  ;    and   it  is    ftill    more 
remarkable    that    Cromwell's    alfo    fhould    be 
abfent.     He  may   poffibly   have  had  prefling 


abfent 
from  it. 


^  XXVIII.     A  Judden  Panic. 


281 


bufinefs  to  occupy  him  during  thefe  few  days, 
on    his    coufin    Hampden's    affairs   at    Great 

Hampden. 

LordLifle  (Lord  Leicefter's  eldeft  fon,  who 
fat  afterwards  on  the  trial  of  the  King),  now 
moved  that  the  Committee  fo  appointed  fhould 
have  power  to  iffue  out  fuch  money  as  might 
be  required  for  payment   of  the  troops  to  be 
fent  into  Ireland.  Another  refolution  connedled 
with  Irifh  affairs  was  alfo  adopted  on  the  fug- 
geftion   of  Stapleton.     And  then  followed  a 
brief  but  fharp  debate,  raifed  upon  a  motion  by 
Nathaniel  Fiennes,  that   a  meffage  fhould  go 
up  to  the  Lords  to  let  them  know,  that,  "  by 
''  reafon  of  his  Majefly  coming  to  our  Houfe 
''  yeflerday  in  fuch  a  warlike  manner,  we  had 
''  adjourned  the  Houfe  till  Tuefday  next, at  one 
of  the  clock,  and  that  we  had  in  the  meantime 
appointed  a  Seled  Committee  to  fit  in  the 
Guildhall  in  London,  to  which  all  the  mem- 
"  bers  of  the  Houfe  who  would  come  were  to 
have  voices,  to  confider  of  the  breach  of  the 
Privilege  of  Parliament  and  the  fafety  of  the 
''  Kingdom.''       The    debate    ended    in    the 
naming  of  Mr.  Fiennes  and   divers  others  to 
carry  up  this  meflage  accordingly.      But  the 
Houfe  arofe,  adds  D'Ewes,  before  he  returned, 
or  was  able  to  bring  any  anfwer. 

§  XXVIII.     A  SUDDEN  Panic. 
The     Houfe     fuddenly    arofe,     in    truth. 


Motion  by 

Lord 

Line. 


In(h 
affairs. 

Sharp 
debate 
led  by 
Fiennes. 


(C 


(  c 


(C 


<c 


(C 


Meflage 
to  Lords. 


Abrupt 
rifmg  of 
Houfe. 


282 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members, 


Armed 
men 

marching 
upon  us. 


Sir  John 
Clotwor- 
thy  per- 
lifts  with 
refblu- 
tions. 

Voted 
without 
being 
read. 


Diforderly 
adjourn- 
ment, 
4  p.m. 


Reafons 
for  the 
iVight. 


becaufe  there  had  broken  out  a  fudden  alarm. 
It  was  abruptly  bruited  at  the  doors  that  a 
body  of  armed  men  were  in  march  upon 
them,  and  a  panic  of  agitation  enfued.  Sir 
John  Clotworthy  was  in  the  ad  of  urging 
certain  necefiary  refolutions  for  the  fervice  of 
Ireland,  conneded  with  the  fupply  of  men  and 
arms,  when  fhouts  of  ^^  Move,  move,"  and 
"Adjourn,"  interrupted  him  ;  and  though  the 
imperturbable  member  for  Maiden  would  per- 
fifl:  in  having  what  he  wanted,  the  votes  were 
put  without  the  ufual  forms.  "  All  were 
"  allowed,"  fays  D'Ewes,  *^  and  voted  by  the 
"  Houfe,  but  in  fuch  hafte  as  they  would  not 
''  permit  the  Clerk  to  read  them."  Then,  in 
the  like  precipitate  fafliion,  adjournment  until 
the  following  Tuefday  atone  o'clock  wasrefolved 
upon  the  queftion.  Mr.  Speaker  ordered  the 
adjournment  accordingly  ;  and  the  Houfe  rofe 
in  extreme  diforder  ^'  at  about  four  of  the 
"  clock  in  the  afternoon." 

D'Ewes  appends  to  the  day's  journal  an  ex- 
planation, from  which  it  might  feem  that  the 
fudden  fright  had  not  been  wholly  groundlefs. 
"  For,"  he  fays,  "  we  had  new  alarums  given 
"  us  of  the  coming  down  of  armed  perfons 
*'  upon  us :  and  it  was  generally  reported  alfo, 
*^  that  his  Majefty  had  intended  to  have  come 
*^  down  to  both  the  Houfes  this  afternoon, 
*'  again  attended  with  thedefperate  troop  with 
"  which    he    came   vefterdav,     and    to    have 


§  xxviii.     A  fudden  Panic. 


283 


^^  accufed  fome  other  members,  both  of  our  other 
''  Houfe  and  of  the  Lords  Houfe,  of  Treafon,  "^^t  ac-' 
"  and  to  have  feized   upon  their  perfons  :  but  ^^^1^"^^^^^^ 
"  that,  going  into  the   City  of  London  this 
''  morning,  he  was  there  fo  roundly  and  plainly  city  only 
"  dealt    withal    by  people  of  all    forts,  who  \^^^ll\ 
"  called  upon  him  to  maintain  the  privilege  of 
"  Parliament  ;  to    follow    the  advice    of   his 
"  Great  Counfell  in  Parliament,  without  which 
''  they  were  all  undone"  (D'Ewes  here  appears 
to  be  repeating  the  expreffions  of  fome  excited 
friend  rather  than  quietly  recording   his  own) 
— *<  and  that  their  blood  would  cry  to  Heaven 
"  for  juftice — and  that  they  would  with  their 
"  lives  and  fortunes  maintain  the  fafety  of  his  Alarm  of 
"  Majefty's  perfon,  and  the  fafety  and  Privi-    ^    '"^' 
*^  lege  of  Parliament ;   fome  alfo  throwing  the 
"  printed  Proteftation  of  the  Houfe  of  Com- 
<f  mons  into   his  coach  as  he  went  along  ;  as 
''  that  he  both  returned  late  out  of  the  City,  change  oi 
"  and  altered,  it  feems,  his  former  refolution."*  P^'-P^^^- 
It  is  now  of  courfe  not   difficult  to  make  Refults 
light  of  thefe  alarms,  and  to  fmile  at  their  not  jantary. 
very  coherent  expreflion  ;  but  we  may  be  fure 
that  they  were  then  very  real.     It  was  of  the 
very   eflence  of  the  King's    attempt  that    It 
fliould   carry   fuch   confequences.     Whatever 
diftruft  or  doubt  had  been  in  any  diredtion  en-  Darkeft 

t         r       ^         r^  '  •  C  J  TT       rumOUrS 

tertamed  of  the  Sovereign,  it  confirmed.     To  ,^^^^^^, 
the  rumours  which  had   mixed  him  up  with  true. 

♦  Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  308  b. 


2S4 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members, 


Scottish 
*'  Inci- 
dent:" 


Offer  of 
Montrofe 
tokill  Ar- 
gyle  and 
Hamilton, 

Mr.  Na- 
pier's 
di  (proof 
quite 
untenable, 


The  text 
of  Claren- 
don. 

Chief 
value  of 
Edition 
0^1826, 


Difclofed 
Author's 
plans  and 
text. 

Hiftory 

compofcd 
of  two 

MSS. 

Secretary's 
tranfcript. 

Altered 
and  cor- 
rupted by 
author's 
fons. 


very  recent  and  as   defperate  defigns  in  Scot- 
land againfl  the  leaders  of  the  Covenant/  to 

In  alluding  to  this  tranfadion  in  my  EfTay  on  the  Grand 
Remonftrance  {Hijl.  and  Biog.  EJays),  and  to  the  ftatement  by 
Clarendon  (/////.  ii.  17),  that  Montrofe  had   'Mrankly"  fug- 
gelled  to  the  King  the  aflafllnation  of  Argyle  and  Hamilton,  I 
ought  perhaps  to  have  mentioned  a  highly  elaborate  argument 
in  Mr.Napici's  Life  of  Montrofe  (ii.  78-109),  the  drift  of  which 
is  not  merely  to  defend  Montrofe  from  having  made  the  offer, 
but  to  endeavour  to  ertablifli  that  Clarendon's  affertion  that  he 
had  done  fo  was  not  originally  intended  to  ftand  as  part  of  his 
text,  and  in  faft  only  ufurps  the  place  of  a  fupprefled  paffage 
reftored  in  one  of  the  Appendices  of  the  edition  of  1826.   Upon 
the  former  part  of  this  argument  I  offer   here  no  opinion  ; 
but   upon    the  latter    I   have   fimply    to  lay   that    it    breaks 
down    altogether.     It  is  not    for  a  moment   tenable.     The 
text  of  Clarendon    muft  always  now    continue    in  the   ftate 
wherein    he    left   it    himfelf   after   his   lalt   revifion,    clearly 
copied   out  by  his  fecretary   for  publication   or  fupprefTion, 
according  to  certain  directions  in  his   will  j    and    the    chief 
value  of  the  edition  of  1826  will  always  be,  that  it  enabled 
us  for  the  firll  time  to  read  it  in  that  (late.     The  confufion 
which  exifts  as  to   the  feveral  MSS.  left  by  him,  and  from 
which  that  important  collation  was  made,  arifes  from  the  fad 
that  feveral  years  after  he  had  planned  his  Hiftory  and  written 
the  firft  four  books,  he  refolved  to  recaft  the  plan  fo  as  to 
admit  therein  of  all  the  incidents  of  his  own  Life.     He  there- 
upon began  an  Autobiography  j  but  after  purfuing  it  for  fbme 
time,  he  threw  it  afide,  and  reverted  to  hisdefign  of  a  Hiftory, 
making  great  additions  to  that  which  already  he  had  written, 
and  completing  it  in  1673.     His  final  talk  then  was,  to  form, 
from  the  two  MSS.  thus  drawn  up  (the  Life  having  gone  over, 
in  a  more  ftriking  way,  much  of  the  ground  of  the  firft  four 
books  of  the  Hiftory),  a  third  text,  by  taking  the  MS.  of  the 
Hiftory  for  the  balis,  and   importing  into  it  all  the  material 
portions  and  correaions  of  the  MS.  of  the  Life.     The  refult 
was  a  fair  tranfcript  made  by  his  Secretary  under  thefe  in- 
ftruaions,  which  was  found  completed  at  his  own  death,  in 
December    1674.     Afterwards  came  the  publication,  mainly 
from  a  copy  of  this  tranfcript,  by  his  fons  :  with  the  modifica- 
tions,  alterations,    and   omiffions,  which,   in  exercife   of  the 
difcretion   left    to    them  by  their  father,  they  had   made  to 
-^leafe  their  political  friends,  or  out  of  delicacy  to  perfons  ftill 


living;  and  which  fo  remained  until  1826.  The  edition  pub- 
lifhed  that  year  was  the  refult  of  an  entirely  new  collation  of 
the  three  MSS.  above  named  :  i.  The  original  MS.  of  Hiftory: 
2.  The  original  MS.  of  Life  :   3.  The  Tranfcript  conftru6kd 


§  XXVIII.     A  Judden  Tank, 


285 


even  thofe  which  had  pointed   to   him   as   not  iriih 

111* 

unconneded  with  the  awful  outbreak  in  Ireland,  ^^^^^^'^^  • 


out  of  both.     The  Editors,  lettering  the  Tranfcript  as  A,  the 
Life  as  B,  and   the   Hiftory  as  C,  collated  the  whole  afrefti  ;  Reftora- 
reftored  in  Notes  every  word,  fentence,  and  palTage  omitted  tlons. 
or  in  any  manner  altered  in  A  ;  and,  in  a  ferles  of  Appendices, 
fupplied  (reforting  for  the  purpofe  to  B  and  C),  in  addition 
to  all  that  the  author's  fons  had  rejeftcd,  ftill  more  which  the 
author  himfelf  had   already  deliberately  excluded   from  the  Scaffold- 
Tranfcript  made  under  his  inftructions.  We  are  thus  enabled  jng^  of 
to  compare   particular  ftatements  made  by  Clarendon  in  his  Hiftory. 
firft  draft  of  t-he  Hiftory,  with  accounts  of  the  fame  incidents 
manifeftly  more  authentic,  and  better  confidered,  which  he 
had  fubfequently  inferted  in  the  Life,  and  had  finally  direaed  ^'^^^}  ^^^^ 
to  be  fubftituted  for  the  former  in  his  Secretary's  Tranfcript.  earlier 
The  reader  will   at  once  perceive  what  I  mean,  if,  to  felea  j;enions  ot 
onlv  one  or  two  out  of  very  numerous  inftances,  he  makes   ^'"^ 
comparifon  of  Appendix  i.  536  (MS.  C.)with  i.416  (MS.B.)}  ^^ents. 
orof  ii.  61—2,  note  (MS.  C),  with  11.4.4.-49  (MS.  B.)  j  or 
of  Appendix  ii.  575—9  (MS.  C),  with  ii.  13 — 19  (MS.  B). 
The  latter  of  thefe   inftances  is  that  under  notice  refpeaing 
Montrofe  ;   and  it  does  not  admit  of  the  remoteft  doubt  that  TheMon- 
the  account  in  the  Appendix,  taken  from  the  firft  four  books  trofe 
of  the  Hiftory,  written  before  164.8,  and  afterwards  rejeaed,  charge, 
was  meant  by  Clarendon  to  be  entirely  fuperfeded   by  the  the  later 
account  in  the  Life,  written  many  years  later,  and,  by  his  own  verfion. 
direaionto  his  Secretary,  placed  in  the  final  Tranfcript,  where 
it  has  ftood  ever  fmce,  and  muft  continue  to  ftand.     Even  Intended 
apart  from  the  other  irrefiftible  evidence,  the  context  fo  conclu-  fo  to  ftand. 
fively  ftiows  this,  that  but  for  Mr.  Napier's  extraordinary  fup- 
pofition   to   the  contrary,  fuggefted  by  zeal  for  his  hero,  and 
maintained  with  an  air  that  Impofeson  readers  fuperficially  in- 
formed, the  details  I  have  entered  into  would  fcarcely  have  been 
called  for.   It  is  limply  ridiculous  to  pretend  that  the  paflage  ImpofTible 
complained  of,  and   (be  it  true  or  falfe)  undoubtedly  left  by  not  to 
Clarendon,  in  the  final  difbofition  of  his  papers,  to  ftand  where  print  it: 
it  now  does,  could  by  poffibility  have  fallen  into  that  place  by 
accident.     Lords  Clarendon  and  Rocheftcr  had  no  alternative 
but  to  print  it  j  and  with  what  reluctance  they  did  fo  is  proved  relua- 
by  wliat  we  now  know  of  their  fubftitution,  for**  to  kill  them  ance  of 
*'  both,"  of  the  words   "  to  have  them  both  made  away."  firft  Edi- 
The  point,  however,  was  well  worth  clearing,  becaufe  all  the  tors, 
illuftrative  matter  in  the  1826  edition  requires  to  be  read  with 
careful  reference  to  the  faa  that  the  author  had  deliberately 
and  defignedly  excluded  the  greater  part  of  it  from  his  com- 
pleted text  (an  inftance  may  be  referred  to,  ante^  p.  215,  note)'^  Additions 
and  it  is  exceedingly  important,  in  reading  Clarendon,  to  keep  jj^  jg^g 


286 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 


King's 
fufpe^led 
/hare  in. 


not  to  be 
confufed 
with  re- 
ftorations 


Two 

kinds : 


and  Army  it  feemed  to  give  deadly  corroboration.  It 
put  undoubtedly  beyond  further  queftion  what 
the  popular  leaders  had  all  along  maintained, 
that  the  defign,  clearly  proved,  of  bringing  up 
the  army  from  the  North,  had  had  for  its 
fpecific  objed  to  overawe  themfelves  and  fuf- 
pend  the  adion  of  Parliament.  Clarendon 
fpeaks  as  if  the  failure  of  theArreft  fufficed  to 
fliow  its  futility,  and  there  an  end.     But  he 

the  diftinaion  always  in  view  between  that  defcription  of  new 
matter  fupphcd  m  the  1826  edition,  and  the  more  eflVntial 
reiterations  reconftituting  the  original  text,  which  had  been 
.  corrupted  and  faH.hed  in  innumerable  inltances  by  his  Ibns. 
Lords  Clarendon  and  Rochelter,  in  preparing  the  fidt  edition 
The  poinons  firft  printed  in  Notes  and  Appendices  in  ,8z6  arc 

Tn  i'r  ^r1'^  '\  \^-  ^^^^.?^'«"  '^^  fhe  text  to  the  condition 
in  which  Clarendon  himielf  had  left  it,  by  reftoring  fupprerted 
paffages,  and  replacing  modified  or  altered  phral?s  and  fen- 
tences  :  ii.  The  additional  illultration  of  the  text  byfupplyine 

urther  notices  or  amplifications  of  fpecial  incidents  treated 
therein  from  the  two  manufcripts,  B  and  C,  which  I  have 
above  delcnbed  :  and  the  degree  of  authority  given  to  either 
mould  be  regulated  according  to  the  fa^s  here  fupplied. 
I  clofe  as  I  began,  by  Hating  moft  cxpreilly  that,  according 
to  all     he  evidence  we  polTefs,  it  mull  have  been     and   was^ 

he    del.l,erate  mf'^/'^"    ^^  Clarendon,    upon  reviewing  al 
the  materials  he  had   colleaed,   to  convey  to  the   readefs  of 
hisHiltory   as  his  own  final   impreflion,  that   Montrofe   had 

Jl^^^-u^'^'^'t^  '^  !'''  ^'"^^  '^''  alfafTination  of  Argylc 
and  Hamilton.     Upon  the  probability  or  otherwife  of  fuch 
an  offer  having  been  made,  it  is  not  necelTary  that  I  fliould 
here  give  an  opinion  ;    but  it  is   impolfible  to  read   the  text 
in  connexion  with  the  Appendix  (of  which,  taken  toaether. 
It  IS  important  to  remark,  as  Mr.  D'Ifraeli  in   his  Comment 
taries,  11.  2+2-52,   ed    1851,  has  pointed  out,  that  they  arc 
not    in   any   relpea   irreconcileable),   without    an    inference, 
amounting  almoll  to   certainty,  that  the  King  himfelf  wa^ 
Clarendon  s  inlormant.     And    the  explanation  of  the   two 
accounts  may  probably  be,   that,  writing  while  Charles  Hill 
lived  Clarendon  preferred  to  exprefs  the  matter  in  paraphrale  • 
but  that    wTiting  of  the  incident  at  a  later  time,   after  the 
kings  death,  he  had  no  hefitation  in  putting  it    as  he  fiv^ 
Montrofe  did  the  propofal,  ''  frankly."  ^       ^     '  ^' 


weight  re 
fpeftively 
due  to 
each. 


Charge 
deliberate- 
ly intend- 
ed. 


The  King 
its  autho- 
rity. 

Why 
firll  ver- 
fion  of  it 
changed. 


§  XXVIII.     A  Judden  Panic. 


287 


well  knew  that  this  was  not  fo ;  and  that  it 
was  lefs  the  firft  excitement  attending  fo  ftart-  Confe- 
ling  an  attempt  wherein  its  troubles  and  danger  quences  of 
confided,  than  in  its  fubfequent  more  enduring  worfethan 
efFed  upon  men's  modes  and  ways  of  regard-  ^^^^^^* 
ing  public  affairs.    He  unconfcioufly  admits  as 
much  in  another  paflage  of  his  Hiftory,  when  he 
remarks  that  everything  formerly  faid  of  plots  Belief  ob- 
and  confpiracies  againft  the  Parliament,  which  ^^^^<^  ^^ 
before  had  been  laughed  at,  was  now  thought  charges. 
true  and  real  ;   and  that   all  which   before  was 
merely  whifpered  of  Ireland,  was  now  talked 
aloud  and  printed. 

The   various  letters  of  the  time  are  filled 
with  fimilar  indications.    '^  All  things  are  now  Captain 
"  in  foe  great  difl:ra6lion  heare,*'  wrote  Cap-  fe^rs^"^^"  ^ 
tain  Carterett  on  the  day  after  this  fitting  of 
the   Houfe,   "  that   there  is  noe  thinking  of 
'*  doeing  anything  ;   but  every-body  are  pro- 
'^  viding  after  their  owne  fafetie  as  if  every- 
'^  thing    were    inclainable    to    ruine."      "  By 
**  the  next  poft,"  writes  Mr.  Wifeman,   ^^  you  y.  ^..  _ 
''may    exped    to    heare   of    greate    changes  man's. 
^'  either  for  the   better  or  worfe.     The  times 
''  are  dangerous  to  difcourfe  what  I  might. 
''  Only  if  God,  in  his  greate  mercie,  doe  not 
"  fpeedely   looke   upon    us,  wee    are    like  to 
"  perifh.     The  obedience  of  his  Ma^'^'  fubjedts  obedience 
''  hath  been  poifoned."      The   incidents   of  P^^^^"'^* 
the  3rd  and   4th  of  January,  in  fiiort,   had 
drawn  up  into  hofl:ile  forces  two  powers  in  the 


288 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


Powers  of 
the  State 
in  conflict. 


Specific 
caufes  of 
alarm. 


Dlgby's 
plan  for 
fecuring 
members. 


King 

withholds 

confent. 


Claren- 
don's own 
plan. 

To  feize 
and  throw 
them  into 
feparate 
prifons. 


State  whofe  agreement  was  effential  to  Its 
welfare,  but  which  never  more  could  a6l  in 
concert  or  unifon  till  the  ftruggle  between 
them  was  over,  and  a  vi(5lory  won.  This  was 
a  fadl  pregnant  with  general  alarm  for  all  men, 
and  moft  for  the  thoughtful  and  refledling. 

Neither  were  reafons  wanting  for  fpecific  and 
well-grounded  alarm  as  to  the  adual  perfonal 
fafety  of  the  accufed  and  other  members  of 
both  Houfes.  From  the  very  writer  who 
laughs  to  fcorn  the  notion  that  there  was  any 
fort  of  danger,  we  may  learn  what,  and  how  great, 
the  danger  was.  It  is  Clarendon,  as  we  have 
feen,  who  relates  the  plan  by  which  his  friend 
Lord  Digby,  according  to  him  the  fole  advifer 
of  the  attempt,  propofed  to  redeem  its  failure 
by  feizing  himfclf  upon  the  accufed,  backed  by 
fufficient  numbers  to  render  it  certain  that  they 
muft  either  be  taken  or  left  dead  in  the  place. 
It  is  Clarendon  who  fays,  that,  if  the  King  had 
not  withheld  his  confent,  without  doubt  Lord 
Digby  would  have  done  it.  It  is  Clarendon 
who  drily  remarks  upon  that  prefumed  fuccefs 
to  a  plan  fo  atrocious,  that  it  *^  muft  have  had 
*'  a  wonderful  effecft."  Above  all  it  is  Claren- 
don who,  by  way  of  pradical  proof  of  his 
affertion  that  no  perfonal  danger  could  pofTibly 
have  befallen  the  accufed,  adlually  puts  forward 
a  plan  of  his  own  by  which,  taking  good  care 
firft  to  fecure  and  lock  up  feparately  the  per- 
fons  of  the  five  leaders,   he  fancies  that  fuch 


§  XXIX.     How  Hijlory  may  be  written. 

a  blow  might  have  been  ftruck  at  what  he 
calls  ''  the  high  fpirit  of  both  Houfes  ''  that 
Charles  might  have  reduced  them  to  treat,  and 
fo  have  forced  them  to  his  own  terms.* 


289 


§  XXIX.     How  History  may  be 

WRITTEN. 

The  affertion  that  the  Five  Members  were 
at  no  time  in  any  perfonal  danger,  admits  but 
of  one  comment.     It  is  not  true.     Conclufive 
proof  has    been    given,  in   a   former   work,t 
of  the   faithleffliefs  and  untruftworthinefs  of 
Clarendon  as  any  fafe  guide  to  a  knowledge 
of  the  events  for  which  Hume  accepted  him 
as   the   fole    and    implicit    authority,    and   in 
which  his  lead  has  been  more  or  lefs  followed 
by  every  later  hiftorian.      But  if  further  fimilar 
evidence  be  defired,  let  me  fupply  it  by  fimple 
comparifon  of  his  account  of  the  fitting  of  the 
Houfe  of  Commons  of  Wednefday  the  5  th  of 
January,  with  that  which  I  have  above  derived 
from  the  manufcript  of  Sir  Simonds  D'Ewes, 
and  from  other  contemporary  fources.     Until 
now.  Clarendon's  was  the  only   account   pre- 
ferved  to  us  of  that  fitting,  except  a  memo- 
randum of  eight  lines  by  Sir   Ralph  Verney, 
and  another  by  Rufli worth  of  exadly  the  fame 


Faithleir- 
nefs  of 
Claren- 
don. 

Unfafc 
guide. 


Compari- 
fon with 
D'Ewes  : 


Verney 
and  Rufli- 
worth. 


•  See  ante,  pp.  143,  149,  and  153,  where  the  authorities 
arc  given  for  thefe  various  alTertions. 

t  Ed'ay  on  the  Grand  Remonftrance.     See  Hiji,  and  Bio^, 
EJfays,  1.  1-175. 


>;  •# 


29; 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 


extent.*  The  record  by  D'Ewes  was  made  on 
the  day  to  which  it  refers  ;  it  is  confirmed  by 
Verney's  and  by  Rufhworth's  notes  ;  and  its 
veracioufnefs  is  beyond  queftion. 
Statement  ««  When  the  Houfe  of  Commons  next  met/* 
don.  ^^^"'fays  Clarendon  in  his  Hiftory,t  ^^  none  of  the 
^'  accufed  members  appearing,  they  had  friends 
'^  enough,  who  were  well  inftrufted  to  aggravate 
'^  the  late  proceedings,  and  to  put  the  Houfe 
'^  into  a  thoufand  jealoufies  and  apprehenfions, 
*^  and  every  flight  circumftance  carried  weight 


Alleged 
tone  of 
members' 
friends. 


VerneyVs 
account  of 
fitting  of 
5th. 


Rufh- 

worth's 

account. 


Adjourn- 
ment to 
City. 


*  Sir  Ralph  Verney  fays  :  "  Wednefday,  5th  Jan''.  1641. 
**  The  Houi'e  ordered  a  Comittee  to  fit  at  Guildhall  in  London, 
"  and  all  that  would  come  had  voyces.  This  was  to  confider 
**  and  advife  how  to  right  the  Houfe  in  point  of  privilege, 
**  broken  by  the  King's  coming  yearterday,  with  a  force,  to 
**  take  members  out  of  our  Houfe.  They  alovved  the  Irifh 
**  Comittees  to  fit,  but  would  meddle  with  noe  other  bufinefle 
**  till  this  were  ended.  They  acquainted  the  Lords  in  a 
**  mefiage  with  what  they  had  donn,  and  then  they  adjorned 
**  the  Houfe  till  Tuelday  next."  (V^erney's  A^o/^/,  139-40). 
Rufiiworth  fays  (part  IIL  vol.  i.  478-9):  *'The  Commons 
'*  fent  Mr.  Fiennes  with  a  meflage  to  the  Lords  to  give  them 
notice  of  the  King's  coming  yelterday,  &  that  they 
conceived  it  a  high  &  great  breach  of  privilege :  &  to 
repeat  their  defires  that  their  Lo^*"  would  join  them  in  a 
petition  to  the  King  that  the  Parliament  may  have  a  Guard 
"  to  fecure  them  as  ftiall  be  approved  of  by  his  Majelly,  and 
both  Houfes  j  and  alfo  to  let  them  know,  that  they  have 
appointed  a  Committee  to  fit  at  Guildhall  London,  and 
have  alfo  appointed  the  Committee  for  Irirti  affairs  to  meet 
there."  Then  he  quotes  the  order  pafied  for  adjournment 
to  the  City,  on  the  ground  "they  cannot  with  the  fafety  of 
**  their  own  perfons,  or  indemnity  of  the  rights  &  Privileges 
**  of  Parliament,  fit  here  any  longer  without  a  full  vindication 
"  of  fo  high  a  breach,  &  fufficient  Guard  wherein  they  may 
**  confide  :  "  to  which,  after  appending  the  names  of  the 
Committee,  and  that  all  who  will  come  are  to  have  voices,  he 
adds  :  *•  and  then  the  Houfe  adjourned  till  Tuefday  the  1  ith 
*'  of  January  at  one  in  y*  afternoon,  according  to  the  faid 
**  Order." 

f  Hij}.  ii.  132,  133. 


(< 


(( 


(( 


<( 


^  xxrx.     How  Hijiory  may  he  written. 


291 


'*  enough  in  it  to  difturb  their  minds.   .   .   . 
''  They    who    fpake    moft    paflionately,   and 
''  probably    meant    as    malicioufly,    behaved 
''  themfelves  with  modefty,  and  feemed  only 
"  concerned  in  what  concerned  them  all :   and 
^'  concluded,  after  many  lamentations,  that  they  Affe^ed 
'^  did  not  think  themfelves  fafe  in  that  Houfe,  gdefs!""^ 
'^  till  the  minds  of  men  were  better  compofed  ; 
''  that  the  City  was  full  of  apprehenfions,  and 
''was  very  zealous    for    their  fecurity ;    and 
''  therefore  wifhed  that  they  might  adjourn  the  Propofal 
''  Parliament  to  meet  in  fome  place  in  the  City,  y^^^^'"" 
*'  But  that  was  found  not  pracfticable ;  fince  "^ent. 
"  it  was  not  in  their  own  power  to  do  it,  with- 
''  out  the  confent  of  the  Peers  and  the  concur- 
"  rence  of   the   King  ;    who  were  both   like  King's 
''  rather  to  choofe  a  place  more  diftant  from  t^Ail^^^ 
''  the  City.    And,  with  more  reafon,  in  the  end  "^^nt 
^'they    concluded,    that    the    Houfe    fliould  Tondo^! 
adjourn  itfelf  for    two  or  three  days,  and 
name    a    committee   who    fliould    fit    both  Appoint- 
morning  and    afternoon  in  the  City  ;    and  Comm'it 
all  who  came  to  have    voices :    and  Mer-  t^^- 
'^  chant  Tailors'  Hall  was  appointed   for  the 
'^  place   of    their    meeting,   they  who    ferved 
''  for  London  undertaking   that  it  fliould  be 
''  ready  againft  the  next  morning :    no  man 
^'  oppofing  or  contradic5ling  anything  that  was 
''  faid;  they  who  formerly  ufed  to  appear  for  Royallfts 
'*  all  the  rights  and  authority  which  belonged  ^*^^"^' 
*'  to   the    King,    not    knowing  what  to    fay, 

u  2 


om 


cc 


a 


a 


cc 


292 


Three 
King's 
advirers : 


too  de- 
je61ed  to 
Ipeak. 

Claren- 
don's ac- 
count 
fummed 
up. 


Five  fpeci- 
fie  llate- 
ments,  all 
untrue. 


Confront- 
ed with 
D'Ewes, 
Verney, 
and  Rufli- 
worth. 


Arrejl  cf  the  Five  Members, 

"  between  grief  and  anger  that  the  violent 
''  party  had,  by  thefe  late  unfkilful  adions 
"  of  the  Court,  gotten  great  advantage,  and 
<^  recovered  new  fpirits  :  and  the  three  perfons 
'^before  named"  (himfelf,  Culpeper,  and 
Falkland),  '^  without  whofe  privity  the  Kmg 
'^  had  promifed  that  he  would  enter  upon  no 
''  new  counfel,  were  fo  much  difpleafed  and 
'^  dejeded,  that  they  were  inclined  never  more 
"  to  take  upon  them  the  care  of  anything  to 
''  be  tranfaded  in  the  Houfe." 

This    account   contains   five    alleged    fads. 
I.    That    the    popular    party    went    down   to 
the  Houfe  with  a  propofal  for  the  adjourn- 
ment of  Parliament.      2.  That    the    propofal 
fubftituted  was  an  adjournment  of  the  Houfe 
itfelf  for  two  or  three  days.     3.  That  Mer- 
chant Tailors'  Hall  was  appointed  as  the  place 
of  meeting  for  a  Committee  named  to  fit  in 
the  interval,  the  members  for  London  under- 
taking   to  have   it    ready  the  next  morning. 
4.  That   no    man   belonging   to   the    King's 
party  oppofed  or  contradided  anything   that 
was  faid.   5.  That  Hyde,  Culpeper,  and  Falk- 
land, were  too  much  difpleafed  and  dejefted 
to  fhow  any  prefent  inclination  to  take  upon 
them  the  care  of  anything  to  be  tranfaded  in 

the  Houfe. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  account  preferved  by 
D'Ewes,  and  confirmed  in  every  refpeft  by 
the  brief  notes  of  Verney  and  Rufhworth,  as 


§  XXIX.     How  Hifiory  may  he  written. 


293 


well  as  by  the  unpublifhed  contemporary  let- 
ters here  adduced,  furnifhes  a  counterftatement 
to   every  one  of  thefe  averments,      i.   There  Never  pro- 
never  was  mooted  fo  abfurd  a  propofition  as  ^^jo^^n 
to  adiourn  Parliament.    The  courfe  had  doubt-  Parlia- 

^  ,  ment. 

lefs  been  concerted,  as  D'Ewes  lomewhat  pet- 
tifhlv  intimates,  with  the  abfent  leaders ;   and 
the  Declaratory  Refolution  was  propofed  and 
carried,    as,    prepared   and    ready   written,   it 
had  been  brought    to    the    Houfe.       2.  The  Limit  of 
limit  of   adjournment  was    at  once  aiitinaly  city  fpeci- 
fpecified  as  Tuefday    the   nth  January,   and  ^^^• 
it  will  be  feen  hereafter  that  the  hiftorian  was 
not    without    a    motive    in     fubfl:ituting    the 
loofe  and  undetermined  ^'two  or  three  days." 
3.  Guildhall    was  from   the    firfl:  named   and 
appointed,  and  not   Merchant   Tailors'  Hall,  ^J^'^^^^^^ 
as  to  which,  therefore,  the  quefl:ion  of  getting  Hall  not 
it    ready    could    hardly    have    arifen.       4.   So  ^^^"^^  * 
far   from    no    man    belonging  to  the  King's 
party  contradiding  or  oppofing  anything  that 
was  faid.  Sir  Ralph  Hopton  (the  King's  fervant,  Royallfts 
as    Rufhworth  calls  him)  contradided  every- 
thing that  was  faid  without  fcruple  ;  and  the 
oppofition  was  fo  determined  that  the  Royalifl:s 
divided  87  againfl:  the  propofal  of  Glyn,  which 
was  four  more  than  the  divifion  of  the  15th  of 
December  againfl:  the  printing  of  the  Remon- 
ftrance.     5.   Hyde  undoubtedly  took  no  part,  and^rfk- 
and   was  probably    not    in   the    Houfe ;     but  |^"«^  o'} 

1111  J     r  i_     Commit- 

Culpeper  and  Falkland   were  named    for  the  tee. 


294 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 


§  XXX.     Adjournment  and  Su/penfe, 


295 


Mafter- 
ftroke  of 
meeting 
in  the 
City. 


Necefllty 
offufpend- 
ing  V/elt- 
minfter 
fittings. 


Policy  of 

appealing 
toCitizen? 


Alleged 
abfence  of 
danger. 


Committee  to  fit  during  the  recefs,  and  ferved 
upon  it. 

§  XXX,     Adjournment  and  Suspense. 

The  adjournment  into  the  City  was  un- 
doubtedly a  mafter  ftroke  of  poHcy.  The 
adl  of  violence  committed,  the  continued 
prefence  of  the  Court  of  Guard  at  Whitehall, 
the  refufal  of  its  officers  to  difband  upon  a 
meflage  fent  fpecially  from  the  Commons  on 
the  morning  of  the  5th,  the  petition  to  the 
King  for  a  Guard  ftill  uncomplied  with,  were 
all  manifcft  and  unanfwerable  grounds  for 
fufpending  temporarily  the  fittings  at  Weft- 
minflier.  But  the  Houfe  could  not  afford  that 
its  vifible  adion  and  influence  fiiould  be  with- 
drawn, even  for  an  hour  ;  and  to  fit  by  Com- 
mittee in  Guildhall,  was  not  merely  to  make 
inftant  appeal,  in  the  leaft  refiftible  form,  to 
the  fympathy  and  fupport  of  the  Citizens,  but 
at  once  to  caft  in  the  fortunes  of  the  Houfe 
with  the  fate  of  the  five  accufed,  who  had 
taken  refuge  in  a  houfe  in  Coleman  Street. 
Clarendon  laughs  at  the  notion  of  any  member 
of  the  Commons  conceiving  for  a  moment 
that  his  accufed  colleagues  were  in  the  leafl: 
danger.  Not  that  the  Five  durft  not,  he  avers, 
venture  themfelves  at  their  old  lodgings,  for 
no  man  would  have  prefumed  to  trouble  them  ; 
but  that  the  City  might  fee  that  they  relied 
upon  that  place  for  a  fandtuary  of  their  privi- 


leges  againft  violence  and  oppreflion.*  He 
fays,  as  in  a  paflage  formerly  quoted  we  have 
feen,  that  all  caufe  for  apprehenfion  ceafed 
upon  the  failure  of  the  outrage  of  the  4th  ; 
and  that  nothing  could  equal  the  contempt  the 
accufed  themfelves  felt  for  the  power,  of  which 
they  yet  affi^ded  to  put  on  a  confiderable 
fliow  of  dread.  This  lafl:  was  merely  ^^  to 
'^  keep  up  the  apprehenfion  of  danger  and  the 
"  eflieem  of  their  darling  the  City."f  But  let 
us  obferve  what  tone,  on  the  other  hand, 
is  taken  by  Admiral  Pennington's  well  in- 
formed correfpondents ;  men  not  alone  inti- 
mately acquainted  with  all  the  movements  of 
the  Court,  but  the  mofl:  important  of  them  him- 
felf  in  office,  and  enjoying  the  confidence  of 
the  principal  Secretary  of  State.  It  never  once 
occurred  to  thefe  men,  at  leafl:  until  the  fliout 
of  Privilege  of  Parliament  was  become  uni- 
verfal,  and  the  King  had  fled  before  it,  that  his 
impeachment  of  Pym  and  Hampden  would 
be,  or  was  meant  to  be,  a  mere  dead  and 
empty  letter.  For  feveral  days  after  the  articles 
of  accufation  were  publiflied,  the  accufed  are 
fpoken  of  everywhere,  in  each  and  all  thefe 
letters,  as  men  whofe  fate  abfolutely  is  hanging 
in  the  balance. 

Mr.  Wifeman,  four  days  after  the  outrage, 
fears  it  to  be  impoffible  but  that  the  affair 
will  have  bloody  iflue,  becaufe  the  Houfe  is 


Fears  pre- 
tended : 


to  get 


help  from 

"darl 

City. 


"darling" 


But  what 
fay  private 
letters  in 
State  Pa- 
per Office? 


Serious 
alarm  at 
impeach- 
ment. 


Fate  of 
members 
in  balance. 


Wife- 
man's 
view:. 


*  ////?.  ii.  130. 


t  lb.  ii.  178, 


296 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


not    more    determined    than    the    King     ftill 
the  appears    to    be.      The    Under    Secretary    of 

Secre-       State  writes  in  doubt,  on  the  third  day  after 
tary's :       the  failure  of  Charleses  attempt  at  the  Houfe, 
whether    the    accufed    are    not  actually    fled. 
Captain      And,   on    that   fame  day.    Captain    Carterett 
rett's:       defcribes  his  apprehenfion  that  there  muft  be 
7th  Janu-  ferious  difturbance  before  all  things  could  be 
s.P.o.       rightly  underftood,  for  that  many  would  have 
the  accufed  members  to   be  brought  to  their 
trial,  and  otliers  not,  faying  it  was  againft  the 
Gives  no    privileges  and  liberties  of  the  Parliament.     "  I 
but  ftates    '^  *i"^  ^"^ot  wife  enough,'*  continues  the  honeft 
thefaa.     feaman,   ''  to  diflinguifh  the  Right  of  it,  but 
*'  this  I  am  certaine,  that  our  good  King  is 
''  much  abufed.     On  Tuefday  hee  went  to  the 
**  Houfe  of  Co^^ons  to  demand  thofe  men  w*^^ 
'^  were  acufed,  but  noe  anfwer  was  given  him. 
''  Yeflerday  hee  went  into  the  Citty,  and  after 
''  he  had  fpent  fome  tyme  in  Guyldhall  (to  give 
''  fatiffacflion  of  his  good  meaning  towards  his 
'^  people),  he   went  to  one  of  the  Sheriffs  to 
"  dinner.      The   two    Houfes  have  adjorned 
"  untill  Tuefday  nexte  ;  and  this  day  there  was 
Vote  of      cc  ^  Comittee  of  both  the  Houfes  in  Guyldhall, 
the  ac-      *'  where  they  have  voted  that  thofe  men  accufed 
cufed.        <c  ^^][  j^Q|.  |3g  apprehended  nor  detained,  foe 

^^  that  I  feare  very  much  that  this  will  incrreafe 
Serjeant  «'  the  difturbanccs  of  the  tyme.  This  day,  one 
gone  to  ''  Serjant  Dandie  went  into  London  to  take 
leizethem.  <<  the  accufcd  men  to  aprehend  them,  where 


§  XXX.     Adjournment  and  Sufpenfe, 


297 


'^  hee  was  much  abufed  by  the  worfe  fort  of  Attacked 
'^  people.     My  wife  is  y^  humble  fervant  and  people. 
*^  wifhes  you  a  mery  new  yeare,  and  foe  doth 

"  G.  Carterett.'* 
Strange,  if  what  Clarendon  fays  be  true,  that 
the  King  fhould  have  laboured  fo  hard  to  bring 
upon  himfelf  the  quite  needlefs  and  gratuitous 
fufpicion,  and  upon  his  agents  and  officers  the 
abufe  and  hatred,  of  even  the  "  worfe  fort  '* 
of  his  people  !      I  have  fhown  that  with  his  Obftinate 

relolve  ot 

own  hand,  on  the  evening  of  his  return  from  King, 
the  City,  Charles  had  drawn  up  the  proclama- 
tion againft  fuch  as  fhould  continue  to  harbour 
the  traitors  ;   and  on  the  following  morning,  it 
is  placed  beyond  doubt  by  Captain  Carterett's 
fl:atement,  one  of  the  Royal  ferjeants  was  dif- 
patched  into  the  City  to  endeavour  again  to 
complete  the  arreft.     To  what  extent  moreover, 
in  the  City  itfelf,  all  this  was  thought  to  favour 
of  an  adiual  and  prefent  danger,  I  am  further 
able  to  ftiow  on  the  teftimony  of  a  friend  of 
the  Earl  of  Northumberland's.     *'  My  noble  Thomas 
**  Compeer,"  writes  on  the  7th  of  January  the  p'^nning- 
fecretary  of  the  Lord  Admiral  to  the  Admiral  ^o"  ■ 
commanding  in  the  Downs  :    '^  Though  I  writt  ary. 
^^  to  you  foe  lately,  yet  I  cannot  choofe  but  ^-P-^' 
'^  give  you  y^'  occurrences  of  y^  time.     They 
*'  being  of  fuch  importance.     The  fix  Delin- 
*^  quents  continue  in  y''  Citty,  and  are  there  pro-  Proteaion 
<'  tefted  againft  ye  King^s  mind.      This  breeds  ^J^^'f'^ 
"  difpleafure  in  him,  feare  in  all.     Some  have  King. 


298 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 


King  will 
ufc  force. 


City  re- 
folved  to 
refift. 


*'  God 
help  us !  '* 


Slingfby 
to  Pen- 
nington : 
6th  Janu- 
ary. 
S.P.O. 


cc 


(C 


(C 


cc 


(C 


M.P.S 

dil'courf- 
ing  of  ad- 
journment 
to  City. 

Many  re- 
f  ul'e  to  go. 


^^  perfuaded  y*^  K.  to  raife  force  to  fetch  y™ 
"  out.  This  made  y^'  Cittie  laft  nighte  to  bee 
'^  all  in  armes,  and  y^  gates  and  Portcullifes  to 
*'  beefhutt;  and  for  ought  I  heare,  are  fo  yet. 
^'  The  Cittiz"^  delivered  a  Petition  yefterday, 
"  humbly  befeeching  his  Ma^'^'  that  thofe  men 
'^  might  be  proceeded  ag^  in  a  Parliamentary 
'^  way  :  no  anfwer  yet.  *Tis  beleeved  y^  Cittie 
is  refolved  to  proted  y"".  Some  well  afFeded 
Nobles  to  both  fides  do  labor  to  pacifie  the  K. 
Some  ill  afFedled  labor  as  much  to  bring  all 
*'  to  confufion  with  falfe  tales.  Wee  knowe 
both.  God  help  us  !  Your  true  Friend  and 
humble  fervant,  Thomas  Smith," 

This  letter  outruns  by  a  day  the  point  at 
which  our  narrative  had  arrived,  but  another 
remains  to  be  cited  which  will  take  us  back  to 
that  rifing  of  the  Houfe  at  Weftminfter  on  the 
5th  January,  preparatory  to  the  fittings  in 
Guildhall.  '^  The  Houfe  yefterday,"  wrote 
Captain  Slingfby  on  the  6th,  ^^  were  very  hiG;h 
^'  againe,  and,  I  perceive,  not  refolved  to 
"  deliver  the  men  in  that  are  impeacht :  they 
'^  adjorned  the  Houfe  till  Tuefday  nexte,  before 
'^  w^"*' time  the  King  fhall  have  no  anfwere : 
''  but  in  the  meantime  a  Comittee  of  the  whole 
^^  houfe  to  meete  at  Guyldhall.  This  day,  being 
*'  in  the  Privy  Chamber,  I  heard  fome  Parlia- 
''  ment  men  difcourfing  of  it.  Some  fayd  they 
*'  would  not  go  to  Guyldhall,  becaufe  the  men 
''  impeacht  wold  be  there  :   and,  fince  the  reft 


§  XXX.     Adjournment  and  Sufpenfe, 


299 


'^  would  not  deliver  them,  they  might  be  all  Fear  to  be 
*  ^  acceflbries."^'    The  Houfe  is  yett  very  thinne ;  u^ ^cce^f- 
'^  as  I  am  tould,  above  200  of  them  in  the  Tories." 
*^  country,  who  can  not  come  up  according  to 
'^  the  Proclamation,   by  reafon  of  the  greate 
'^floodes;   many  in   the   towne  forbearing   to 
*^  come  there.      There  is  no  other  difcourfe  Threats  If 
''  but  of  open  armes,   if   thofe  men  be  notj^^^gj^^^ 
'^  brought   to   tryall.      The  ill  afFeded  Partie  "P- 
'^  (w'''  are  thofe   y*  follow  the   Courte)    doe  Royaiifts 
*^  now   fpeake  very  favourably  of  the  Irifli ;  ^IfoV^ 
*^  as  thofe  whofe  grievances  were  greate,  there  ^^"^^* 
''  demaunds  moderate,  and  may  ft  and  the  Kinge 
'^  inmuchftead:  many  libells  printed  againft 
''  the  King." 

No  printed  libel,  however,  it  is  much  to  be 
feared,  could  pofiibly  have  been  worfe  than 
this  written  one,  of  which  Captain  Slingfby  is 
here  unwittingly  the  author.  It  has  been 
always  one  of  the  graveft  of  the  Royalift  charges  Pym's 
againft  Pym,  that  in  his  famous  fpeech  before  charge^ 
the  Upper  Houfe  delivered  in  a  week  from  Proved 
this  date  (wherein  he  warned  the  Lords  of  the  ^'^^* 
danger  it  might  prove  to  themfelves  if  they 
left  the  great  tafk  of  faving  the  liberties  of  the 
kingdom  to  the  Houfe  of  Commons  alone), 
he  advanced  a  charge,  unfupported  by  any  kind 

^    •   Precifely  the  argument  ufed  in  the  Houfe   of  Commons  Hol- 
itfelt  by  Hyde's  triend  and  fellow  <'rat,"  Holborne  {Hiji.  and  home's 
Biog,  Efays,  1.  170),  famous  once  for  his  fplendid  argument  argument, 
agamlt  (hip-money,   delivered    amid  clapping  of  hands  and 
fhouts  of  popular  delight  which  the  judges  found  it  impoflible 
to  reftrain. 


ft 


JOO 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 


of  proof,  againft  the  King  and  the  King's 
friends,  that  fo  far  from  entertaining  any  laudr 
able  eagernefs  to  bring  to  condign  punifhment 
the  leaders  of  the  cruel  mafTacre  and  rebellion 
in  Ireland,  they  had  given  the  Houfes  too  much 
Sympathy  reafon  to  fuppofe  that  they  felt  towards  them 
rTbdliom  ^yi^pathy  and  favour.  Can  it  be  faid,  after 
reading  what  is  written  by  Captain  Slingfby, 
that  Pym  had  not  good  authority  for  the  charge 
he  made  ? 


Thurfday 
morning, 
6th  Janu- 
ary. 


No  exift- 
ing  report 
of  pro- 
ceedings. 


Slight  no- 
tices in 
Kulh- 
worth  and 
Verney. 


§  XXXI.     Commons'  Committee  at 

Guildhall. 

Meanwhile  the  Committee  at  Guildhall, 
doubtlefs  not  greatly  caring  whether  Captain 
Slingfby *s  friends  m.ay  pleafe  to  join  them  this 
day  or  not,  have  punc5lually  aflembled  at  the 
Guildhall  on  the  morning  of  the  6th  of  January, 
and  are  now  awaiting  us. 

Of  the  proceedings  of  that  Committee, 
beyond  the  fad  that  they  took  evidence  as  to 
the  incidents  of  the  3rd  and  4th  which  were 
fubfequently  reported,  no  account  exifts  ex- 
cept in  thefe  valuable  notes  of  D'Ewes.  The 
Journals  of  the  Houfe  are  entirely  filent  during 
the  interval  from  the  5th,  the  day  of  adjourn- 
ment, to  the  nth,  that  of  reaffembling.  Rufh- 
worth  devotes  to  thofe  days  only  a  few  lines, 
in  which  he  makes  brief  allufion  to  the 
evidence  which  was  taken  in  the  courfe  of  the 
fittings.     Sir  Ralph  Verney  mentions  but  the 


§  XXXI.     Commons"  Committee  at  Guildhall  301 

fix    refolutions*    that    were    pafTed,   on    the 
days    when    the    Committee    fat    at    Grocers' 
Hall,   in   reference   to  the   breach  of  privi- 
lege committed.     Clarendon,  not  afFec5ting  to  Confufions 
give  particular  account  of  anything,  confufes  t  ^^^'^"" 


ion. 


everything.     D'Ewes  alone,  who  attended  the 
Committee  each  day  at  Guildhall  and  at  Grocers' 
Hall,   has   preferved  anything  like  a  regular 
record   of  its  proceedings.      And  this  is  here  A  regular 
given  to   the  world  as  D'Ewes  fet   it   down  J^'E^J^g^ 
each  day. 

He  begins  his  journal  of  Thurfday  the  6th 
of  January,  by  ftating  that  a  great  number  of 
the  Houfe  met  at  the  Committee  at  the  Guild- 
hall, in  London,  that  forenoon  about  ten  of 
the  clock.  "  I  came  thithej  about  eleven  of 
''  the  clock.  We  fate  in  the  room  within  the  where 
^^  court  into  which    the    juries  do    ordinarily  ^^^  ^°"^" 

ec       -^t- J  »  ''   niittee  fat. 

"  Withdraw. 

They  had   been  greeted,  on  arrival  at  the  Welcome 
committee  room,  by  a  deputation  of  the  lead-  citkens 
ing  members  of  the  Common  Council,  in  their 
robes  and  chains ;   and  a  military  guard  com- 
pofed  of  fome  of  the  wealthieft  of  the  citizens, 
every  man  having    his    footman  in  fuit  and 
cafTock   with   ribbons   of  the   colours   of  his 
company,  was    in   clofe  attendance  during  all  Military 
their  fittings.     Nor  were  the  good  old  hofoi-  ^""^'"^^  ^" 

.    y  '  r     \       r>-  •  ^     attend- 

tahties  or  the  City  wanting  ;  and  D'Ewes  has  ance. 
more  than  once  to  fufpend  his  report  that  he 

*  See  Notes,  140- 141. 


302 

City  hof- 
pitalities. 


«*  Great 

cheer." 


Firft  mat- 
ter debat- 
ed. 


Searching 
lodgings, 
and  feal- 
ing  up 
papers. 


Killing 

illegal 

warrants. 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members, 

may  inform  us,  that  about  one  of  the  clock  he 
withdrew  out,  intending  to  go  away,  but 
coming  into  the  Hall  he  found  a  feaft  pre- 
pared for  the  entertainment  of  the  members, 
whereat  he  dined  before  he  departed,  and  they 
had  "  great  cheere.'* 

The  firft  matter  they  fell  upon  at  the  Guild- 
hall, D'Ewes  proceeds  to  tell  us,  was  the  unjuft 
and  illegal  proceedings   againft   Pym   and  the 
other     members,     inftituted    by     the    King's 
Attorney  in  the  Lords^  Houfe  on  the  previous 
Monday.  What  Grimfton  had  treated  generally 
in  his  very  able  addrefs,  was  now  to  be  handled 
in  detail.     ''  It  was  firft  debated  and  refolved 
''  that  the  faid  impeachment  there  was  illegal 
"  and  a  breach  of  the  privilege  of  Parliament. 
''  Then  they  fell  in  debate,   which  continued 
"  when  I  came  in,  that  the  fealing  up  of  the 
''  doors  of  the  chambers   and  ftudies  of  the 
"  faid  Mr.  Pym  and  Mr.  Hollis,  on  Monday 
^'  morning  laft,  was  a  breach  of  the  liberty  of 
«'  the    fubjed  and  of  the  privilege  of  Parlia- 
"  ment ;  and  this  was   alfo  voted    upon    the 
''  queftion.     Then  we  fell  in  debate  concern- 
«'  ing  the  King's  ifluing  out  warrants,  figned 
''  with  his  own  hand,  to  Mr.  Francis  and  others 
''  his     Serjeants-at-Arms,     to     attach    their 
''  bodies :  that  they  were  illegal,   and  againft 
''  the  liberty  of  the  fubjed  and   the   privilege 
*«  of  Parliament."  * 


♦  HarL  MSS,  162,  f.  309  a. 


§  XXXI.     Commons'  Committee  at  Guildhall.  303 


The  Committee  thus  wifely  began  at  the 
beginning,  queftioning  the  Attorney-General's 
proceeding  by  impeachment  before  difcufting 
the  outrage  that  followed.      The  folitary  argu- 
ment of  any  weight  that  is  ufed  by  Clarendon 
in    palliation   of   the    condud    of   the    King, 
affumes  that  the  popular  leaders   claimed  their 
privilege    of  Parliament  as  an  immunity  even 
from    the    charge  of  treafon  :    we    fhall    now 
fee  on  what  foundation  this   refts,   and  with 
how  much  truth  any  argument  bafed  thereon 
could  be  urged.     Upon  the  laft  propofition  as 
to  the  warrants  of  arreft,   a  debate  arofe,  in 
which  Nathaniel  Fiennes  and  one  or  two  more 
took  part ;  and  in  the  courfe  of  it  a  fuggeftion 
was  made  that  the  Committee  fliould  fend  to 
Mr.  Brown,  the  Clerk  of  the  Houfe  of  Lords, 
for  a  copy  of  the   proceedings  in  that  Houfe 
againft  the  five  members  of  the  Lower  Houfe. 
Upon  this  D'Ewes  arofe,  and  made  certainly 
the  moft  able  fpeech,  moft  ferviceable  in  know- 
ledge and  illuftration,  and  going  moft  diredtly 
to  the  points  in  iflue,  of  any  from  himfelf  that 
he  has   recorded  in  his  Journal.     Its  reception 
by    the    Committee    generally,  is   honourable 
evidence  of  their  temper  and  fpirit. 

"  I  did  defire,"  he  fays,  ''  that  we  might 
'^  not  fend  for  the  copies  of  any  proceedings 
''  which  had  been  there  printed  againft  the  faid 
"  members  of  our  Houfe.  We  were  not 
''  truly  to  take  notice  of  fuch,   becaufe  thefe 


Attorn  ey- 
GeneraPs 
proceed- 
ings firft 
qufcf- 
tioned. 


Motion  to 
fend  for 
warrants. 


Refifted 
by 

D'Ewes. 


Speech  by 
D'Ewes. 


304 


Arrefi  of  the  Free  Members, 


Explains    <^  proceedings  againfl:   our  own  members  are 
Tgatrlft^''    "  firft  to  begin  in  our  own  Houfe.      For  there 
arreft.        <Ms  a  double  privilege  we  have  in  Parliament : 
''  the  one   final,   the  other  temporary.     Our 
''  final  privilege  extends  to  all  civil  caufes,  and 
''  fuits  in  law:   and  this  continues  during  the 
Final,  and  ''  Parliament.     The  other  privilege,  which  is 
tempo-      ,,  temporary,  extends  to  all  capital  caufes,  as 
''  Treafon  or  the  like,   in  which  the  perfons 
''  and  goods  of  the  members  of  both  Houfes 
"  are  only  freed  from  feizure   till  the  Houfes 
^'  be  firft  fatiffied  of  their  crimes,  and  fo  do 
''  deliver  their  bodies  up  to  be  committed  to 
Whyfuch'^  fafe    cuftody.       And  the  reafon   of  this  is 
fiifn"''"      ''  evident,  becaufe  their   crime  muft  either  be 
'^  committed  within  the  fame  Houfes,  or  with- 
*'  out  them.     As  for  example.    If  any  mem- 
"  berof  the  Houfe  of  Commons   be  accufed 
"-'  for  treafonable  aftions  or  words,  committed 
««  or    fpoken    within    the    walls    of  the    fame 
«'  Houfe,  then  there  is  a  neceflity  that  not  only 
<^  the  matter  of  fadt,  but  the  matter  of  crime 
^^  alfo,  mull  be  adjudged  by  that  Houfe;  for 
When  the  ''  it  can  appear  to   no   other  court  what  was 
Houfe  to    f.i  ^|^gj.g  cione,  in  refped  that  it  were  the  higheft 
faS'''''  treachery  and  breach  of  privilege  for  any 
penalty:     ,,  ^lember  of  that  Houfe  to  witnefs  or  reveal 
*^  what  was  done   or  fpoken   therein,   without 
'^  the  leave  and  diredion  of  the  fame  Houfe. 
^«  And  if  it  be  for  treafon  committed  out  of 
'^  the    Houfe,  yet   ftill  the  Houfe  muft   be 


§  xxxr.      Commons'  Committee  at  Guildhall 


305 


^^  firft  fatiffied  with  the  matter  of  fad,  before  When  as 

''  they  part  with  their  members;   for,  elfe,  all  ^^^^^"^ 

''  privilege  of  Parliament  muft,  of  neceflity, 

"'^  be  dcftroyed.      For,  by  the  fame  reafon  that 

''  they  accufe  one  of  the  faid  members,  they 

'-'  may  accufe  forty  or  fifty  upon  imaginary  and  Otherwlfe 

"  falfe  treafons,  and  fo  commit  them  to  cuftody  ^^^^  ^^ 

''and  deprive  the   Houfe  of  their  members,  thinned 

"  Whereas,  on  the  contrary  fide,   the   Houfe  ^^urc!'^' 

''  of  Commons  hath   ever   been  fo  juft  as  to 

'' part  with  fuch  members  when    they   have  Yet  mem- 

"  been  difcovered.     As  in  the  Parliament  de^'^S"'^'^ 

ccAo         o      c   r>.  T-^i*  to  be  lur- 

A    27    or  Queen  Elizabeth,  Doctor  Parry,  rendered. 
"-'  being  a  member  of  the   Houfe,   was  firft 
''  delivered  up  by  them   to  fafe  cuftody,  and 
''  afterwards  arraigned  and  condemned  of  high 
''  treafon,  and  executed  for  it:     And  fo  like- 
"  wife  in  Mr.  Coppley's  cafe.      In  the  Parlia-  Examples 
''  ment  in   the  laft   year  of  Queen  Mary,  he  S^""^"* 
''  fpake  very  dangerous  words  againft  the  faid 
''Queen;  yet  it  was  tried  in  the   Houfe  of 
"  Commons,  as  appears  in  the  original  journal- 
"  book    of   the    fame    Houfe,    and    the    faid 
"  Queen,    at    their   intreaty,    did    afterwards 
"  remit  it." 

Cries    of   ^^  well    moved,"   now    rewarded "  well 
the  firm  yet  moderate  reafoning,*  and  the  apt  "^o^ed." 

♦  Subftantially  this  argument  does  not  differ  from   that 
which  Clarendon   fays  he  took   occafion  to  urge   upon    the 
Houle  m   pomting  out  to  them  (////?.  ii.  139)   that  privilege  Why  ap- 
ot  parliament  did  not  run   in   cafes   of   trealbn,    felony,   or  plaud 
breach  ot  the  peace  :   but  how  is  it  that  what  was  heard  from  D'Ewes  > 


3o6 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Alembers, 


§  XXXI.     Commons'  Committee  at  Guildhall, 


Fair  and 


conftitutional  learning,  of  the  logical  and  well- 
read  member  for  Sudbury  :    but  thefe   cries, 
grateful  as  he  tells  us  they  were  to  him,  are  to  us 
the  ftill  more  valuable  teftimonyof  a  fair  and  juft 
of  Com-     temper  in  the  Committee   itfelt,    upon  a  quef- 
mittee.       tion  where  Clarendon  would  have  us  believe 
the  repeated  aifTeverations  he  makes,   that  no 
man   was   for    a  moment  liftened  to  who  at- 
tempted to  explain  what  the  law  really  was,  or 
Nodefire  who  afferted    that  a   member   of  Parliament 
fponfibler  ^ight  have  his  refponfibilities  like  any  other 
citizen. 


and  objcfl 
to  Hyde  ? 


Anfwer 
iuggefted. 


Doggrel 
*'  Five 
Members' 
March." 


P'Evvcs  with  fuch  approving  cries,  fhould  have  been  received 
from  the  lips  of  Hyde  with,  as  he  is  anxious  to  have  us 
believe,  noiie  and  clamour,  with  wonderful  evidence  of  diflike, 
and  with  fome  faint  contradi«5lions  that  no  fuch  thing  ought 
to  be  done  whilft  a  parliament  was  fitting?  (See  ante,  212-16.) 
The  folution  of  this,  as  already  I  have  ventured  to  fuggeft, 
appears  to  be  that  Hyde  made  no  fuch  fpeech  j  and  that  the 
alfertion  is  a  mere  confufion  of  his  memory  between  what  he  did 
or  did  not  fay,  and  what  he  had  afterwards  felt  that  he  mis;ht 
have  faid.  The  charge  he  brings  both  in  his  Hirtory  andliis 
Memoir,  as  though  the  Houfe  claimed  in  thefe  tranfaaions  to 
override  both  the  judges  and  the  law  itfelf,  is  but  another 
form  of  the  doggrel  Five  Members'  March,  of  which  two  or 
three  out  of  the  Icore  of  ftanzas  may  amufe  the  reader. 

"  And  let  no  wights  henceforth  prefume 
To  hold  it  rime  or  reafon. 
That  judges  fhall  determine  what 
Is  Felony  or  Treafon. 

But  what  the  Worthies  fay  is  fo 

Is  Treafon  to  award. 
Albeit  in  Council  only  fpolce 

And  at  the  Council-Board. 
*         *         * 

And  for  this  Sea  of  Liberty, 

Wherein  we  yet  do  l'\\im, 
Gramercy  Kimbolton  and  Strode  fay  I, 

Halelrig,  Holiis,  Hampden,  Pym." 


n 
J 


07 


^^  But,"  proceeded  D'Ewes,  ^^  for  the  cafe  of  D'Ewes 
'^  thefe  gentlemen  that  are  now  in  queftion,  it  ^^^""^^^• 
*'  doth  not  yet  appear  to  us  whether  it  be  for 
'^  a  crime  clone  within  the  walls  of  the  Houfe 
'*  of  Commons  or  without  :  fo  that,  for  aught 
'^  we  know,  the  whole  judicature  thereof  mufl 
*'  firft  pafs  with  us.  For  the  Lords  did  make  an 
'^  A(5l  Declaratory,  in  the  Parliament  Roll  de 
*^  A°  4^  Ed.  III.  N^  6%  that  the  judgment  of  As  to  cafes 
*^  Peers  only  did  properly  belong  to  them  ;  fo  Zordl 
'^  as  I  hold  it  fomewhat  clear  that  thefe  gentle-  J°'"* 
''  men   cannot  be  condemned,  but  by  fuch  a 
'^  judgment  only   as  wherein  the   Lords  may 
*^  join  with  the  Commons,  and  that  muft  be 
'^  by  Bill.     And  the  fame  privilege  is 'to  the  Privileges 
'^members  of  the  Lords'   Houfe.      For   wCb"^^ 
''  muft    not    think  that  if  a   private    perfon  Houfes. 
'^  fhould  come  there   and  accufe  any  of  them 
''  of  treafon,  that   they  will   at  all  part  with 
*^  that  member,  or  commit  him  to  fafe  cuftodv, 
'^  till  the  matter  of  fad  be  firft  proved  before 
''  them.      Tis   true  indeed,    that,    upon  the  impeach- 
'^  impeachment   of  the  Houfe  of   Commons  lovvI^^ 
'^  for  Treafon   or  any  other  Capital  Crimes,  Houfe : 
'^  they  do  immediately  commit  their  members 
''  to  fafe  cuftody  :  becaufe  it  is,  firft,  admitted  compels 
*'  that  we  accufe  not  till  we  are  fatiffied  in  the  ^"'"^^"^^^ 

matter  of  fad ;    and,    fecondly,    it  is    alfo  perfon. 
'^  fuppofed  in  law  that  fuch  an  aggregate  body 
*'  as    the   Houfe   of   Commons   is,    will    do  Malice  not 
''  nothing  ex  livore  vel  ex  odioy  feeing  they  are  ^bf""'" 


X  2 


3o8 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 


Conclu- 
fion  by 
D'Ewes. 


Loud  ac- 
clamation. 


Glyn's 

fpeech : 


aimed  at 
fuch 
counfels 
as  Hyde's, 


Private  in- 
formers of 
the  King. 


*^  entrufted  by  the  whole   Commons  of  Eng- 
"  land  with  their  eftates  and  fortunes." 

Sir  Simonds  clofed  his  calm  and  temperate 
expofition  with  a  decifive  affertion  of  opinion. 
'^  So  as  upon  the  whole  matter,"  he  faid,  "  I 
^'  conclude  that  the  proceedings  againft  thefe 
^'  five  crentlemen  have  been  hitherto  illegal ; 
^'  and  that  we  ought  to  demand  fafety  for 
"  their  perfons  to  come  and  fit  amongft  us, 
^^  till  their  crime  fiiall  be  proved  before  us." 
Then,  as  he  refumed  his  feat,  he  proceeds  to 
tell  us  with  pardonable  complacency,  ''there 
''  followed  a  loud  acclamation  of  IVell  moved, 
"  and  Mr.  Glyn  fpake  after  me,  and  faid  that 
''  I  had  abundantly  and  very  well  cleared  this 
''  point  both  with  authority  and  reafon.'' 

But  Glyn's  fpeech  was  remarkable  for  more 
than  this.  Some  paflages  of  it  were  hardly 
lefs  folid  and  weighty  than  Grimfton's.  Speak- 
ing from  the  queftion  of  the  Warrants  to  the 
oreneral  confideration  of  breach  of  their  pri- 
vileges,  he  ftruck  more  nearly  and  direcftly 
than  Grimfton  had  done  at  the  evil  councillors, 
by  whom  mifunderfl:andings  had  been  for  a 
long  period  afliduoufly  raifed  and  encouraged 
between  his  Majefty  and  that  Houfe.  Thefe 
men,  he  faid,  and  fuch  as  thefe,  had  been, 
and  were  ftill,  cafting  afperfions,  and  fpread- 
ing  abroad  evil  reports,  not  only  of  the  mem- 
bers, but  of  the  proceedings  of  the  Houfe  of 
Commons  againft  them  and  others  of   their 


§  XXXI.     Commons'  Committee  at  Guildhall,  309 

favorites.  For  himfelf  he  would  fay  that,  of  all 
breaches  of  the  privileges  of  Parliament,  none 
more  grave  could  be  committed  than  to  in- 
form his   Majefty  of  any   proceedings   in   the  Spies  in 

irrL^^"^  Houle. 

Houfe  of  Commons,  upon  any  buhnels  what- 
foever,  before  they  had  concluded,  finiflied, 
and  made  ready  the  fame,  to  prefent  to  his 
Majefty  for  his  royal  afient  thereunto.  Further, 
he  faid,  it  was  in  his  view  a  breach  of  Parlia- 
mentary privilege  to  mifinform  his  Majefty 
contrary  to  the  proceedings  in  Parliament, 
thereby  to  incenfe  and  provoke  him  againft 
the  fame.       And  to  all  men  it  was  vifibly  a  Manifeft 

. /.   ^      «  1  r         '     •\  ^  breach  of 

moft  manifeft  breach  of  privilege,  to  come  privilege. 
to  the  Commons  Houfe  fitting  in  free  conful- 
tation,  and  there,  afiifted  and  guarded  with 
armed  men,  to  demand  as  it  were  vi  et  armis 
any  members  fingled  out  and  accufed,  without 
the  knowledge  or  confent  of  that  Houfe. 

Mr.  Glyn  had  evidently,  in  the  abfence  of  the  Glyn  has 
member  for  Taviftock,  aflumed  in  the  Com-  leaderfhip. 
mitteethe  place  of  leader  to  the  popular  party; 
and,  quietly  taking  their  places  by  his  fide, 
as  of  right  entitled  to  claim  the  next  rank  to 
that  which  all  feem  at  once  to  have  conceded 
to  Glyn's  diftindlion  as  a  lawyer  and  his  pofi- 
tion  as    member    for  Weftminfter,    we  find, 
among   the  moft  adive  and  influential,  young  Chiefs 
Sir  Harry  Vane,  Nathaniel  Fiennes,  Grimfton,  him. 
Maynard,    Alderman  Pennington,    Stapleton 
the  member   for    Boroughbridge,  and  Wilde 


3IO 


D'Ewes's 

argument 
on  privi- 
lege. 


A  firm 
polition, 


More  than 
one  quef- 
tion  at 
ifllie. 


Claren- 
don's 
evaiion. 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

the  member  for  Worcefterfhire,  who  occupied 
the  chair  of  the  Committee  more  frequently 
than  any  other  member. 

Glyn  had  fpoken  truly  in  the  compliment 
he  offered  to  the  learning  and  difcrimination  of 
the  member  for  Sudbury.    D'Ewes  had  argued 
t\\^   matter    of  privilege,    taking   the    King's 
proceeding  as  the  bafis  or  Parting  point,  upon 
incontrovertible  grounds.     He  had  anticipated 
and  repelled  the  falfe  infinuations  of  Clarendon, 
and  now,  covered  by  Glyn*s  authority  againft 
fuch   further   objedions    as   were    made,    he 
carried   the  committee   with  him  to  a  pofition 
from    which    their    right    to    refift    was    un- 
affailable.       Without    minutely    difcufling    a 
queftion    which    can    no   lonorer,    with    our 
fettled  and  afcertained  rules  of  procedure,  be 
viewed  exacflly  as  it  prefented    itfelf  in  thofe 
days,  it  is  clear  that  the  mere  breach  of  privi- 
lege, grofs  as  it  was,  was  not  the  King's  worft 
offence  on    that   miferable   day.      Whatever, 
affuming  that  a  cafe  exifted  on  which  to  take 
proceedings  at  all,  the  form  of  thofe  proceedings 
fhould  ftridly  have  been,  whether  by  impeach- 
ment  of    the    Commons    themfelves,    or    by 
indidment    preferred    to    a    grand  jury,    the 
method  taken  by  the  King  leaves  quite  imma- 
terial.    When  Clarendon  aflerts  that  "  if  the 
''  judges  had  been  compelled  to    deliver  their 
''  opinions  in  point  of  law,  which  they  ought 
''  to  have  been,  they  could  not  have  avoided 


N 


§  XXXI.     Commons^  Committee  at  Guildhall. 

'^  the  declaring,  that  by  the  known  law,  which 
**  had  been  confefied  in  all  times  and  ages,  no 
''  privilege  of  Parliament  could  extend  in  the 
'^  cafe  of  treafon,"  *  he  knows  perfe6lly  well 
that  he  is  not  raifing  the  real  iflue.f  There 
were  a  dozen  violations  of  the  known  and 
fettled  law  to  be  dealt  with,  before  that  could 
even  come  to  be  confidered.  Each  ftep  had 
been  an  outrage.  Hyde  was  too  good  a  lawyer 
not  to  be  perfecflly  aware,  that,  fo  far  from  the 
King's  having  anything  like  the  power  he  had 
afTumed  to  exercife  in  this  cafe,  even  an  ordi- 
nary magiftrate  or  juftice  of  peace  had  a  power 
fuperior  to  the  fovereign's.     The  King  was  in 

*   H'lji.  ii.  193. 

t  I  find  remarkable  evidence,  in  a  letter  written  the  morning 
after  the  King's  attempt,  of  how  clearly,  in  oppofition  to  all 
thefe  fall'e  ftatements  and  reafonings  of  Clarendon,  the  nature 
of  the  outrage  which  had  been  committed  was  difcriminated 
by  impartial  byftanders,  and  how  accurate  and  unexaggerated 
was  the  meafure  taken  of  the  breach  of  privilege  involved. 
Mr.  Thomas  Smith  writes  from  York  Houfe  (built  for 
Buckingham  when  Lord- Admiral,  and  fince  occupied  by 
holders  of  that  high  office),  on  the  5th  January,  to  his 
*'true  friend"  Admiral  Pennington.  "Since  the  im- 
**  peachm*  and  fending  of  the  Bpps.  to  the  Tower,  His 
**  Ma''*=  hatli  fent  y*=  Attourney  Gen'*=  to  y*^  Upper  Houfe  to 
**  accufe  my  Lo.  Mandeville,  Mr.  Pym,  Mr.  HoUis,  Mr. 
"  Strode,  Mr.  Hampden,  and  Sir  Arthur  Haflerig,  to  bee 
"  guilty  of  High  Treafon.  This  was  don  on  the  3*^  of 
"  January.  The  Houfes  are  much  difpleafed  at  this  manner  of 
*'  proceeding  becaufe,  fay  they.  Kings  ought  not  to  be  the 
*'  accufers  of  their  fubje(5ls5  and  they  complaine  that  in  y* 
**  manner  of  managing  this  bufmefle  y*  King  hath  done 
"  many  things  tending  to  breach  of  Priviledge.  As  Sealing 
"  up  their  ftudies,  w*-^  y<=  Parliam'  hath  opened  againe,  and 
"  imprifoned  thofe  y*  feaied  them.  [And  fending]  his  Sergeants 
"  into  the  Houfe  of  Commons  to  attack  y^  perfons  of  fome 
'^  who  are  fuppofed  to  be  delinquents,  &c.  The  Lords  gave 
"  anfwer  that  if  a  Parliamentary  Charge  were  given  in  againft 
*'  thofe  Delinquents,  they  would  be  Comitted  to  cuftody,  but 
*'  till  y"  they  would  not.   The  Kynge,  offended  that  they  were 


311 


Not  one 
but  many 
breaches 
of  law. 


King 
powerlefs 
to  arreft. 


Juft  opi- 
nions as  to 
arreft. 


Smith  to 
Penning- 
ton : 

5th  Janu- 
ary. 


King  not 
to  accufe 
Subjefls. 


312 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 


Each  ftep 
an  out- 
rage. 


Subjeft 
may  do 
what  King 
cannot. 


Shame  of 
Attorney- 
General. 


Makes 
apology 
through  a 
friend. 


Discon- 
tent with 
the  King. 


reality  powerlefs.  He  could  not  draw  up  the 
impeachment.  He  could  not  carry  it  to  the 
Lords  by  his  Attorney.  He  could  not  ferve 
it  in  the  Commons  by  his  Serjeant-at-arms. 
He  could  not  in  perfon  arrcft  under  it.  And 
for  the  manifeft  reafon  that,  prefuming  a  wrong 
to  be  done  by  fuch  means,  the  fubjed:  would 
be  left  without  a  remedy.  '^  A  fubjedl/'  faid 
Chief  Juftice Markham  to  Edward  IV,*  "may 
'^  arreft  for  treafon  ;  the  King  cannot ;  for, 
^^  if  the  arreft  be  illegal,  the  party  has  no 
"  remedy  againft  the  King.'* 

So  ftrongly  did  the  Attorney  General, 
indeed,  afterwards  feel  the  humiliation  in 
which  confiderations  of  this  kind  involved 
him,  that  upon  the  proceedings  fubfequently 
taken  againft  him,  he  requefted  the  Lord 
Keeper  to  intereft  himfelf  with  one  of  his 
friends  who  fat  in  the  lower  Houfe  for  Notting- 
ham, Mr.  Francis  Pierpoint,  third  fon  of  Lord 
Kingfton,  to  offer  an  apology  for  his  breach  of 
the  law.  This  curious  paffage,  alfo  revealed  to 
us  by  D'Ewes,  has  already  been  quoted  in  a 
notet;  but  it  feems  impoffible  to  underftand,  if 

"  not  reftrayned,  came  the  next  day  himfelf  in  perfon  well 
**  guarded  into  y*  Commons*  Houfe  (a  thing  never  heard  of 
**  before)  to  demand  y'' pfons  j  but  they  were  at  that  tyme 
**  abfent,  and  do  ftill  abfent  themfelves.  The  King  much 
**  difpleafed  departed,  and  is  this  day  gone  himfelfe  into 
"  London  to  have  y"*  pclaimed  Tray  tors.  Thefe  violent 
**  proceedings  of  the  King's  give  much  difcontent  everywhere, 
**  and  we  are  daily  in  feare  of  uproares  j  yet  all  care  is  taken 
"  to  prevent  mil'chiefe." 

*  Quoted  by  Lord  Macaulay  in  his£^jj,  i.  67. 

\  AftUy  12^.  My  late  extracts  from  the  D'Ewes  Journal  will 
be  found  in  Harl,  MSS.  162,  ff.  308  a  and  b,  and  309  a  and  b. 


5  XXXI.      Commons'  Committee  at  Guildhall.  313 


Herbert  really  felt  the  "trouble"  of  mind  al-  Apology 
leged,  and  faw  before  him  fo  clearly  the  confe-  Heved. 
quences  of  his  ad,  how  an  officer  of  fo  much  ex- 
perience fhould    have  fuffered  himfelf  to  be 
overborne  in  a  matter  where  he  was  certain  him- 
felf to  be  the  firft  vidim.   One  is  rather  difpofed 
to  conclude  with  Mr.  Strode,  in  the  pregnant  Mr.    ^ 
remark  he  threw  out  on  the  occafion  of  Pier-  remark 
point's  interceffion,  that  he  believed  Mr.  Attor-  thereon, 
ney  did  not  only  contrive  the  fame,  but  knew 
of  the  defign  itfelf  alfo  ;  for  he  was  a  man  of 
great  parts,  and  well  {killed    in  ftate  matters. 
The  incredulity  was  at  leaft  pardonable. 

But  we  left  the  debate  of  the  6th  of  January  Debate 


as 


before  it   clofed,   amid  the  cries   of  approval  ^^3^^^^"^^^,^. 
which   followed  the  fpeeches  of  D'Ewes  and  tinued. 
Glyn.      Divers,  D'Ewes  proceeds  to  tell   us, 
afterwards  fpoke  refpeding  the  warrants  which 
purported  to  have  been  iffued   out  under  the 
King's    hand,    and   no    one  ventured  to    af- 
fert  their  legality.     The  fpeeches  all  went  to  Sound 
one  refult.     That   fuch  warrants  could  not  be  ftated?  ^"^ 
good:   that  the  fovereign  was  himfelf  a  party 
againft  all  capital  offenders:   that,  being  entitled 
on  convidion   to  have  their  lands  and  goods, 
he  could  therefore  be  neither  judge  nor  accufer 
in  their  trial :     that  his  warrants  were  to  be  No  diffe- 
iflued     forth   by    his   minifters,   who  were   by  opinion, 
the   law    appointed   thereunto:    ''with  much 
*'  other  matter  to  that  efFed." 

A  charaderiftic  incident  then  occurred,  which 


r 
t 


314 

Difpute 
oFD'Ewes 

with 
Wilde. 


y^rrej}  of  th:f  Five  Members, 


"Wrongr 
iffiie  fug- 
gefted. 


Corre6^ed 

by 

D'Ewes. 


Lords  to 
iflue  war- 
rants. 


How  to 
make  a 
right 
thing 
wrong. 


further  fhows  how  clearly  D'Ewes  kept  before 
himfelf,    and    how  fteadily   before   the  Com- 
mittee, the  point  it  moft  behoved  them  to  reft 
their  cafe  upon.    Mr.  Serjeant  Wilde,  fpeaking 
from  the  Chair,  and  taking  advantage  of  exciting 
exprefTions  thrown  out  in  difcufling  thefe  war- 
rants of  the  King,  would  have  had  the  Com- 
mittee affirm  that  the  mere  charge  of  treafon  in 
the  abftrad,  no  matter  how  inftituted,  was,  as 
againft  a  member  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons, 
a  breach  of  privilege ;    but  the   member  for 
Sudbury  wifely  fubftituted  a  refolution  againft 
the  mode  of  inftituting  fuch  a  charge  which  lately 
had  been  taken,  and  denouncing  the  i/Tueof  any 
additional    warrants,    as  not  only  a   violation 
of  the  privilege  of  parliament,  but  a  breach  of 
the  liberty  of  the  fubjec5t :   and  this  the  Com- 
mittee adopted.     The  wifdom  of  fuch  a  courfe 
was  manifeft.      Even  fuppofing  that  the  view 
could  be  fupported,  of  a  right  in  the  Lords  to 
entertain    the    accufation    of   treafon    at    the 
inftance   of  the   Attorney-General,   it  was  the 
Lords,  and   not   the  King,   who   fliould  have 
iflued  the  warrants  :  and  D'Ewes  was  rio-ht  to 
continue  to  fix  the  attention  of  the  Committee 
upon  the  mode  of  procedure.   Had  the  very  right 
itfelf  exifted,  the  method  would  have  turned 
it  into  wrong.      "At  length,"  he  fays,  "Mr. 
"  Serjeant  Wilde  propounded  a  queftion  to  be 
''  put  concerning  the  arrefting  of  Mr.  Denzil 
''  Hollis,  or  any  of  the  other  four  members 


^  XXXI.      Commons'  Committee  at  Guildhall.  3 1 5 

'^  accufed  of  high  treafon,  that  it  was  a  breach  D'Ewes's 

"  of  privilege:    but  I  moved  that   the   nrftover 

''  queftion  might  be  put  touching  the  ifluing      '^'^^* 

"  forth  of  any  frefti  warrants;   that  the  fame 

"  was  a  breach   of  the   liberty  of  the  fubjecfl, 

"  and  a  violation  of  the  privilege  of  Parlia- 

"  ment  :  which  motion  of  mine  was  approved  Goodfenfe 

"  by  the  Committee,  and  the  fame  Vv^as  refolved  ^^j^^^g^" 

"  upon  the  queftion,  and  ordered  by  the  Com- 

"  mittee  accordingly." 

There  was  no  further  objedlion  to  the  refo-  Refolu- 
lutions    fubmitted.      "  We    proceeded,"    fays  vot"ed. 
D'Ewes,  "  to  vote  it  a  breach  of  privilege  of 
"  Parliament,  and  of  the  liberty  of  the  fubjec5l, 
"  for    any    perfon    to   arreft  any  of  the    faid 
"  members  by  colour  of  fuch  warrants ;    and  Againft 
"  we    declared    them    public    enemies    of  the 
"  Commonwealth.  It  was  alfo  further  refolved 
"  upon  the  queftion,  and  ordered  by  the  Com- 
"  mittee,  that  to  arreft  any  member  of  either  Againft 
"  Houfe  without  confent  of  that  Houfe  whereof  ^rreft^ng 
'^  fuch  perfon  was  a  member,  was  againft  the  ""^^^^ 

■^  .  them. 

"  liberty  of  the  fubje61:,  and  a  breach  of  the 

"  privilege  of  Parliament,  and  that  any  perfon 
"  who  fliould  fo  arreft  fuch  member  fliould  be 
"  declared  a  public  enemy  of  the  Common- 
"  wealth.  Which  votes  being  put  and  ordered, 
"  it  was  moved  that  a  fub-Committee  might 
"  be  appointed  to  go  out,  and  to  draw  out  a 
"  Declaration  to  this  purpofe." 

Then    rofe   the  younger  Sir   Henry    Vane  vrne"nrcs: 


3i6 


Offers  wife 
tion. 


Guard 
againft 
claiming 
privilege 
for  crime. 


Sub-Com- 
mittee to 
draw 
provifo. 


Vane's 
claufe 
voted  and 
printed. 


Adjourn 
to  Gro- 
cers' Hall. 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members, 

with  a  proportion,  as  the  fequel  to  what  the 
learned  member  fkllled  in  precedents  had  fo 
well  moved,  which  he  offered  to  the  Com- 
mittee as  very  neceffary  to  be  included  in  the 
Declaration,  and  which  was  eminently  characfler- 
iftic  of  his   own  fenfe   of  juftice.      "  He  did 
'  move,"  fays  D'Ewes,  "that  we  might  make 
'  fome  lliort  declaration  that  we  did  not  intend 
'  to  proted  thefe  five  gentlemen,  or  any  other 
'  member  of  our  Houfe,  in  any  crime  ;    but 
'  fliould  be  mod  ready  to  bring  them  to  con- 
'  dign  punifhment,  if  they  fliould  be  proceeded 
'  againft  in  a  legal   way."      The  Committee 
affented;  and   young  Vane,   Glyn,  Grimfton, 
Nathaniel  Fiennes,and  Sir  Philip  Stapleton,  hav- 
ing been  named  as  the  fub-Committee  to  draw 
the  declaration,  left  the  chamber  for  that  pur- 
pofe.      While  they  were  abfent,  "  I  departed," 
fays  D'Ewes,  "  from  the  Committee,  between 
"  two  and  three  of  the  clock  in  the  afternoon ; 
"  but  the  Declaration  was  afterwards  brought 
"  in   by  the  faid  Committee,  and  allowed  and 
''  voted  by  the  Committee,  and  printed."    He 
adds,  that  as   the  Common  Council   required 
the  Guildhall  Chamber  for  City  ufes,  and  it 
was  moreover  in  itfelf  fomewhat  inconvenient, 
the  Committee  adjourned  itfelf  to  meet  next 
morning  in  Grocers'  Hall. 

^  XXXII.     Facts  and  Fictions. 
The  elaborate  particularity  with  which  the 


u 


cc 


§  XXXII.     FaSJs  and  Ft  SI  ions. 

good  Sir  Simonds  D'Ewes  thus  records  in  de- 
tail the  proceedings  of  the  Seled  Committee  of 
the  Commons,  feems  as  though  fpecially  pro- 
vided for  refutation  of  the  ftudied  mif- 
reprefentations  and  difingenuous  artifices  of 
Clarendon.  Speaking  generally  of  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  Committee  defcribed  in  the 
foregoing  fedion,  that  writer  deliberately 
ftates :  i .  That  all  the  refolutions  voted 
were  in  fupport  of,  and  fimple  corollaries  from, 
the  broad  and  unreftrided  affertion,  "that 
the  arrefting,  or  endeavouring  to  arreft,  any 
member  of  Parliament,  was  a  high  breach 
"  of  their  privilege."  2.  That  the  Houfe 
itfelf  held  fliort  fittings,  concurrently  with 
the  fittings  of  the  Committee,  for  the  mere 
purpofe  of  confirming  the  votes  fo  paffed. 
3.  That  when  the  votes  in  queftion  were 
propofed  for  confirmation,  he  (Mr.  Hyde) 
took  part  in  the  debate,  and  was  received  with 
noife  and  clamour,  and  with  wonderful  evidence 
of  diflike,  merely  for  ftating  what  was  a  known 
truth  to  any  one  who  knew  anything  of  the 
law,  namely,  that  where  perfons  were  arrefted 
for  treafon,  or  felony,  or  breach  of  the  peace, 
there  could  be  no  privilege  of  Parliament. 
And,  4.  That  after  this  debate  "  the  Houfe 
"  confirmed  all  that  the  Committee  had  voted, 
^'  and  then  adjourned  again  for  fome  days,  and 
"  ordered  the  Committee  to  meet  again  in  the 
"  City.    ...    the   Houfe  itfelf  meeting   and 


317 


Clarendon 
fiftions. 


Alleged 
redriftion 
of  votes. 


Concur- 
rent 

fittings  of 
Houfe, 


Hyde^s 

afferted 
fpeech. 


Pretended 
references 
to  Houfe 

itfelf. 


3i8 

Houfe 
confirm- 
ing votes 
of  Com- 
mittee. 


All  done 
durintr 

Five 

Members' 

abfence. 


Reply. 


Votes  not 
fo  re- 
ilriaed. 


Houfe 
itfelf  not 
fitting. 


Hyde  not 
fpeaking. 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

"  fitting  only  to  confirm  the  votes  which  were 
"  pafTed  by  the  Committee,  and  to  profecute 
"  fuch  matters  as  were  by  concert  brought  to 
"  them,  by  petition  from  the  City,  which  was 
'  ^  ready  to  advance  anything  they  were  diredled : 
'^  and  fo,  while  the  members  yet  kept  them- 
^^  felves  concealed,  many  particulars  of  great 
*'  importance  were  tranfaded  in  thofe  fhort 
"  fittings  of  the  Houfe.  *  " 

To  which  elaborate  mifftatement,  the  reply 
which  D'Ewes  enables  us  to  make  is  very 
fimple.  It  is :  i.  That  the  votes  of  the 
Committee  diftinftly  limited  and  defined  the 
breach  of  privilege  as  confifting,  not  in  the 
accufatlon  or  the  arreft,  but  in  the  means  and 
procefs  employed  therein,  whereby  the  law 
of  the  land  and  the  liberty  of  the  fubjed, 
not  lefs  than  the  privileges  of  Parliament, 
were  violated.  2.  That  the  Houfe  held  no 
fuch  fittings,  the  Committee  having  in  the 
firft  inftance  received  full  powers,  and  exer- 
cifing  an  entire  jurifdidlion  over  the  matters 
referred  to  them.  3.  That  it  is  therefore 
impofllble  that  Mr.  Hyde  can  have  addrefled 
the  Houfe  ;  that  there  is  no  evidence  of  his 
having  ever  attended  the  Committee  ;t  and 
that,  afl^uming  him  neverthelefs  to  have 
fpoken  at  the  Committee  as  alleged,  what  we 
have  feen  of  their  reception  of  D'Ewes's  tem- 
perate fpeech  renders  it  extremely  improbable 


Hiji,  ii.  138-140. 


f  See  z^;?/^,  212-216. 


^  XXXII.     Fa5is  and  Fi5iions. 

that  Mr.  Hyde's  very  innocent  remark  fliould 
have  been  hooted  down.  And  4.  That  there 
was  only  one  adjournment  of  the  Houfe  be- 
tween the  5th  and  the  1  ith  January,  1641-2  ; 
and  that  there  were  no  fliort  fittings  whatever 
while  the  Five  Members  yet  kept  themfelves 
concealed.  Even  if  D'Ewes  had  not  revealed 
this,  the  evidence  of  the  Commons'  Journals 
would  have  been  decifive.  They  are  a  total 
blank  between  the  two  days  named. 

Happily,  too,  the  Declaration  remains,  which 
embodied  the  conftitutional  fuggeftions  of 
D'Ewes  and  the  manly  propofition  of  Vane ; 
and  it  needs  but  to  quote  a  few  of  its  noble  kn- 
tences  to  diflipate  thefe  fidions  of  Clarendon. 
After  fliating  the  high  breach  committed  againfl: 
the  rights  and  privileges  of  Parliament,  and 
the  liberties  and  freedom  thereof,  by  the  King's 
attempt  to  arreft  the  members,  it  proceeded  : 
''  And  whereas  his  Majefty  did  ifiue  forth 
''  feveral  warrants,  under  his  own  hand,  for  the 
''  apprehenfion  of  the  perfons  of  the  faid  mem- 
bers, which  by  law  he  cannot  do  ;  there  being 
not  all  this  time  any  legal  charge  or  accufa- 
tion,  or  due  procefs  of  law,  ifiued  againft 
them,  nor  any  pretence  of  charge  made 
known  to  the  Houfe ;  all  which  are  againft 
the  fundamental  liberties  of  the  fubjed,  and 
"  the  rights  of  Parliament :  whereupon,  we 
''  are  necefiltated  according  to  our  duty  to 
"  declare,  and  we  do  hereby  declare,  that  any 


319 


No  fhort 
fittings. 


Journals 

fupport 

D'Ewes. 


Evidence 
of  pub- 
lifhed  De- 
claration. 


As  to 
warrants 


(C 


cc 


(C 


cc 


cc 


cc 


King 
powerlefs 
to  iffue 
them. 


As  to 
arrelt  : 


320 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 


King  dir- 
abled  from 
efFe6ling 
it. 


As  to 
claim  of 
privilege  : 


not 

defired  to 
bar  a  juft 
charge. 


Readinefs 
to  bring 
guilty  to 
trial. 


perfon  that  fhall  arreft  Mr.  Hollis,  Sir 
Arthur  Hafelrig,  Mr.  Pym,  Mr.  Hampden, 
and  Mr.  Strode,  or  any  of  them,  by  pre- 
tence or  colour  of  any  warrant  ifluing  out 
from  the  King  only,  is  guilty  of  a  breach  of 
the  liberties  of  the  fubjed:,  and  of  the 
privilegesof  Parliament,  and  a  public  enemy 
to  the  Commonwealth  ....  Notwithftanding 
all  which,  we  think  fit  further  to  declare,  that 
we  are  fo  far  from  any  endeavour  to  proted 
any  of  our  members  that  fhall  be  in  due 
manner  profecuted  (according  to  the  laws  of 
the  kingdom,  and  the  rights  and  privileges 
of  Parliament)  for  treafon,  or  any  other  mif- 
demeanor,  that  none  fhall  be  more  ready 
and  willing  than  we  ourfelves  to  bring  them 
to  a  fpeedy  and  due  trial :  being  fenfible 
that  it  equally  imports  us,  as  well  to  fee 
juftice  done  againft  them  that  are  criminal, 
as  to  defend  the  juft  rights  and  liberties  of 
the  fubjecfls  and  Parliament  of  England." 


§  XXXIII.     Agitation  in  the  City. 
Thurfday       ^^^  Declaration  of  the  Commons  on  the 

night,  6th  •      t^  •    •!  •         j  j    • 

January.  Breach  of  their  Privilege  was  printed  and  in 
circulation  in  the  City,  on  the  night  of  that  firft 
meeting  at  Guildhall.  Agitation  and  excite- 
ment had  continued  to  increafe  out  of  doors. 
Clarendon  is  no  mean  or  incredible  witnefs 
where  his  paflions  or  intereft  do  not  deceive 
or  miflead  him   to    perverfion   of   the   truth, 


§  xxxiii.     Jgitation  in  the  City. 


321 


and  he  fays  that  it  cannot    be   exprefled  how  A  change 
great  a  change  there  appeared  to  be  in    the  j^^^^pfe. 
countenance  and  minds  of  all  forts  of  people, 
upon  thofe  late    proceedings   of  the    King.* 
The   fhops  of    the    City,    while    the    mem- 
bers   remained    therein,   were    generally    fhut 
up,  as  if  an  enemy  were   at  their  gates  ready 
to  enter  and    to  plunder   them.  ;     the    people 
in  all  places,    he  adds,    were    at   a   gaze,    as 
if,  difpofed  to  any  undertaking,    they   looked  Difpofed 
only  for  directions;  and   the  wildeft   reports  ^nde7- 
were  fpeedily  accepted  and  believed.     D'Ewes  ^^^'"S- 
for  once  confirms  Clarendon.     On  this  Thurf- 
day night,  he  tells  us   in  a  note  appended  to 
his  Journal  of  the  6th  January,  the  watch  at 


The  pan^ge  is  curious  and  valuable,  though  in  its  aim 

and  objea  the  reverfe  of  candid.      ''  It  cannot  beexpreffed ," 

he  fays  {Hiji  ii.  159),  '^how  great  a  change  there   appeared 

to  be  m  the  countenance  and  minds   of  all  forts  of  people 

in   town  and  country,  upon  thefe  late   proceedings  of  the 

Kuig.       He  afferts  (with  what  likelihood  I  have  attempted 

to  fhow  m  my  EfTay  on  the  Great  Remonlhance)  that  the 

popular  leaders  hadof  late  been  loHng  their  fpirits,  fo  that  fome 

of  them  were  even  refuming  their  old  refolutions  of  leaving 

the  kmgdom;  but  that  "now  again  they  recovered   greater 

^^  courage  than  ever,  and  quickly  found  that  their  credit  and 

reputation  was  as  great  as  ever  it  had  been  :  the  Court  beine 

u  '^"^T'L    l""  ""  ^'''"^'  condition,  and  to  more  difefteem  and 

neglea   than  ever  ,t  had  undergone.     All   that  they  had 

formerly   fa.d  of  plots  and  conipiracies  againll  the  Parlia- 

ment,  which  had  before  been  laughed  at,  were  now  thought 

<^  .V  '^""i  ''  r"i'l^  '^'''  ^'''''  ^"d  jealoufies  looked  upon 
as  the  effeas  of  their  great  wiidom  and  forethought.  All 
^^  that  had  been  whifpered  of  Ireland  was  now  talked  aloud 
c,  ^""^  ?""^£.^J  /'  ^^^  °^h"  ieditious  pamphlets  and  libels 
were.  Thele  remarks  are  fo  coloured  as  to  give  a  falfe 
exprefTion  to  the  fa^s  they  embody,  but  the  faftl  themfelves 
are  confirmed  by  what  already  has  been  quoted  from  private 
letters,  * 


Evidence 
of  Claren- 
don. 


Tribunes 
exalted. 

Court 
reduced. 


All 

flanders 

believed. 


322 

Sudden 
alarm  at 
Ludgate. 


Threat- 
ened 

attack  on 
Coleman 
Street, 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members, 

Ludgate  was  alarmed  fuddenly,  between  9  and 
10  o'clock,  by  information  that  the  fame  band 
of  defperadoes  who  had  accompanied  the  King 
to  the  Houfe  on  Tuefday,  had  a  fimilar  defign 
to  be  executed  in  the  City  that  night.   The  news 
fpread   fimultaneoufly  from  feveral    quarters, 
and  the   reported  plan  was  that  of  an  attack 
upon  the  houfe  in  Coleman  Street,  where  the 
accufed  members  were.      The  rumour  had  in 
all  probability  arifen  from  fome  oozing  out  of 
the  projed  of  Digby,  as  to  which  Clarendon, 
in  the  charac5ler  he  has  left  of  that  recklefs  per- 
fonage*  in  the  fupplement  to  the  third  volume 
of  his  State  Papers,  gives  us  the    particular 
information,  that  it  was  conceived  immediately 
upon  the  Citizens  declaring  abfolutely  for  the 
members,  and  rejecting,  as  they  had  done  fhe 
day  before   this   to  which  D*Ewes  refers,  the 
King's  perfonal  overtures  for  afliftance.      Fur- 
ther he  tells  us,  as  we  have  ktn,  that  Digby 
counted  upon  a  feled  number  of  a  dozen  Gen- 
tlemen,   who    he    prefumed    would    ftick    to 
him    (his    friend    Lunfford    was    onef),     to 
help  him  out  with  this  projecfl,   by  feizing  on 
the  Five  Members  dead  or  alive  ;   and  he  pro- 


9        K    f        *  ^^^^^  "Papers,  ill.  Iv.  Ivi.     See  ante,  205. 

.peecnot         f  Stapleton   made   rather  a  good  fpeech   when  the  Digby 

btapieton.   pjo^,   and   Lunltord's  conneaion   with   it,  became  notorious 

the   week    after    the   prefent ;     defcribing    Lunltord,    ''this 

"Colonel  "  as  he  calls  him,  not  content,  under  the  influence  of 

LunfTord's  the  King's  unmerited  favour,  "  but  imitating  the  w.<ter-toad 

bragging.    *'  and,  feeing    the   fhadow  of  a  horfe  feem  bigger  than  itfelf[ 

**  fwellingitfelf  Itraightway  to  rival  the  lame,  and  lo  burfting.'> 


The 

Digby 
plot. 


LuniTord 
in  it. 


§  XXXIII.     Agitation  in  the  City, 

tefts  that  without  doubt  he  would  have  done  it, 

and  that  it  muft  have  had  a  wonderful  effed. 

A  wonderful   efFedl,  even  the  rumour    of  it 

appears  to  have  had. 

The  City  and  the  fuburbs,  fays  D*Ewes, 

were  almoft  wholly  raifed,  fo  that  within  little 
more  than  an  hour's  fpace  there  were  forty 
thoufand  men  in  complete  arms,  and  near  a 
hundred  thoufand  more  that  had  halberds, 
fwords,  clubs,  and  the  like.  Such  was  the 
military  organifation  of  the  City  Train  Bands 
in  thofe  days.  Notwithftanding  this,  however, 
the  panic  ran  its  courfe,  as  it  is  in  the  nature 
of  all  panics  to  do.  '^  Yet,"  D*Ewes  tells  us, 
in  a  fentence  which  exhibits  not  a  little  of  the 
nervous  derangement  it  commemorates,  ^^  the 
"  general  cry  of  the  City,  Arm!  Arm  !  was 
'*  with  fo  much  vehemency,  and  knocking  at 
*^  men's  doors  was  with  fo  much  violence, 
'^  that  fome  women  being  with  child  were 
*'  fo  much  affrighted  therewith  that  they 
"  mifcarried."  However,  the  Lord  Mayor 
played  his  part  of  pater  patri^  within  the 
City  walls  with  all  neceflary  promptitude  and 
vigour,  and  put  a  timely  check  to  thefe  domeftic 
inconveniences.  He  had  tried,  but  vainly, 
to  prevent  the  Trained  Bands  from  getting 
under  arms ;  but  he  afterwards  fent  to  White- 
hall, and,  in  every  direction  where  authentic 
intelligence  was  procurable,  he  difperfed  it 
on  all  fides  in  place  of  the  exaggerated  rumours 

Y  2 


r-3 


The  City 
in  arms. 


14.0,000 
men  with 
weapons. 


Panic 
continues. 


Women  in 
terror. 

Exertions 
of  Lord 
Mayor. 


W  !i 


324 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 


\  XXXIII.     Agitation  in  the  City. 


32 


Streets       flying  about ;  and  he  took  finally  fuch  ikilful 
meafures  for  clearance   of  the   ftreets,  that  in 
little  more  than  an   hour  from   his  firft  inter- 
city again  ference,  the  City  was  again  quiet,  and  "  every 
4"'*='-        cc  j^^j^  retired  to  his  houfe."  Two  days  later,  he 
Thanks  of  was  fpcclally  thanked  by  an  order  of  the  Council 
Board,  at  which  the  King  was  prefent  and  the 
new  Minifters  of  State  ;   and  at  which  demand 
was  made,  under  their  hands,  for  delivery  up  of 
the  names  of  the  perfons  who  had  "  importuned 
^*  him  to  put  the  Trained  Bands  in  arms/"''   Yet 


Council 
to  Lord 
Mayor. 


the  right  fo  challenged  had  never  until  now  been  in-timed 
queftloned;  and  the  time  appropriately  feleded 
for  this  note  of  defiance,   was  when  bands  of 
armed  men  were  being  organifed,  as  well  by  the 
Kingr  as  by  his  followers,  without  any  warrant 
from  the  law.     D'Ewes  concludes  the  very  note 
I  have  quoted,  by  faying  that  the  alarm  in  the 
City  had  been  greatly  increafed  by  the  circum- 
ftance  of  a  troop  of  horfe,  raifed  by  a  Royalift  Troop 
Squire  of  Eflcx,  having  been  billeted  at  Bar-  Royaiift^ 
net,  and  reported,  ''upon  what  mifinformation  ^^"'^^* 


Order 
from 
Council, 
Saturday 
8th  Jan. 


Members 
for  City 
odious  to 
Court. 

Swearing 
in  of  Falk- 
land. 


Notices 
tumult  of 
Thurfday. 


The 
authors 
muft  be 
puniflied. 


*  A  copy  of  this  Order  from  the  Council-Board  addrefled 
to  the  *•  Lord  Mayor  &:c.  of  London,"  and  dated  Saturday  the 
8th,  exifts  in  the  State  Paper  Office,  and  furnifhes  remarkable 
evidence  of  the  tone  and  Ipirit  which  mull  have  animated  the 
Council  in  difcuffing  the  incidents  of  the  preceding  Thurfday, 
the  6th  of  January.  It  is  to  be  borne  in  mind,  in  reading  it, 
that  the  members  tor  the  City  were  notorioufly  thofc  who  had 
overruled  the  Lord  Mayor  as  to  the  aflembling  of  the  Trained 
Bands,  and  that  the  Committee  of  the  Commons,  fitting  in 
the  City,  held  the  ftep  to  have  been  eflTential  to  the  fafety  of 
the  citizens.  The  inlertions  within  brackets  are  in  the  hand- 
writing of  Nicholas  j  and  the  intimations  with  which  the 
Order  concludes  as  to  the  fwearing  in  of  Lord  Falkland  at 
the  Board  that  day,  may  perhaps  be  taken  as  an  evidence  of 
Nicholas's  anxiety  that  thefafb  Ihoiild  be  known  in  the  City,  and 
his  own  refponfibility  io  far  lightened  by  participation  with 
one  fo  recently  engaged  and  truiled  on  the  popular  fide  in  the 
Houfe  of  Commons.  **  Hearty  commendations  to  your  L"*  and 
'*  the  reft.  Whereas  the  King's  Ma''  hatli  taken  notice  of  a 
great  diforder  &  tumult  within  the  Cittie  of  London  & 
Liberties  thereof  where  many  thoufands  of  men  as  well  of 
the  Trayned  Bands  as  others  were  in  armes  on  Thurfday 
night  lalt  [without  any  lawfull  authority,  as  his  Ma''  is 
*'  informed]  to  the  great  difturbance  &  afltrightm*  of  all  the 
inhabitants:  for  which  neither  his  Ma"',  nor  this  Board,  doth 
"  [find]  believe  any  caufe  given  at  all,  nor  the  lealt  danger  to 
*'  have  been  intended  to  the  faid  Citty,  or  inhabitants  thereof, 
"  by  any  perfon  whatever.  W'^''  being  of  io  dangerous  confe- 
**  quence,  xs  the  fame  may  no  way  be  connived  at:  but  is 
"  moft  requifite  that  the  authors  of  the  alarme  be  enquired 
"  after,  exam**,   and  punifhed  according  to  Law  :  that  others 


"  may  both  hereafter  be  deterred  from  the  like  fed itious 
**  attempts,  &  his  Ma"^  good  fubje6ls  better  fecured  in  the 
<<  »^oi^.»-iKio  ntt'tft-  Xj-  t.r«i/-w^'inrr  r»f  tA'l-iQf  it  flipirc       A.nd  whercas 


(( 
<< 
it 


tc 


peaceable  quiet  &  enjoying  of  what  is  theirs. 

his  Ma"*"  hath  been  informed  that  before  the  alarme,  certaine 

perfons  were  earncft  w'*'  yo'  LoP  to  put  the  Trayned  Bands 

'*  of  the  Cittie  in  armes;  w'^^'you  refufmgto  doe  becaufe  [you 
faid]  you  knew  no  caufe  of  fcare,  yet  the  fame  was  after- 
wards done  without  yo'  commands  &  ag'  yo*"  will  [and 

**  without  any  authority].  His  Maje^,  having  duly  confidered 
of  the  premiflTes,  hath  thought  fitt  by  advice  of  this  Board 
hereby  to  pray  and  require  you,  together  with  y'  Brethren 
the  Aldermen  and  the  Recorder  of  the  faid  Cittie,  forthwith 
to  meete  8c  to  ufe  all  diligence  for  the  enquiring  and  finding 
out,  by  what  meanes  and  by  whofe  endeav'  foe  great  a 
diforder  did  happen  j  who  were  the  authors  of  the  alarme 
[by  what  &  whofe  order  the  trayned  bands  were  raifed] 
and  upon  what  pretexte  ;  and  futh  as  you  (hall  difcover  to 
be  gudty  of  this  fo  great  offence,  that  you  take  a  fitting 
courfe  that  they  may  be  forthcoming :  and  further  that  you 

**  certifie  this  Board  with  fpeed  of  yo'  proceedings  therein, 
and  what  you  finde  [as  alfo  the  names  of  thofe  who  at  firft 
importuned  you  to  put  the  Trayned  Bands  in  armes].  To 
the  end  fome  further  courfe  may  thereupon  be  direfted  for 
fettling  the  peace  &  quietnelfe  of  the  Citty,  &  for 
punifhm*  of  the  offenders  according  to  the  Laws  &  Statutes 

*'  of  the  Realme.  Wherein  not  doubting  of  y"^  care,  we  bid 
you  very  heartily  farewell.  From  Whytehall  the  8  of 
January    1641.     Y"^  very  loving   friends. — This    day,    his 


(( 


(( 


It 


(( 


(( 


(( 


(( 


t( 


it 


it 


(( 


t( 


i( 


it 
n 


n 


n 


a 


Certain 

perfons 

(M.P.s) 

over 

earneft. 


Find  out 
authors  of 
alarm. 


Give  up 

their 

names, 

Muft  be 
puniftied. 


t( 


Ma*''  prefent  in   Counfell,   and  by  his  royall  comand,  the 
Vile'    Faulkland    was   fworne   one   of    H.    M.   principal 
"  Secretaries  of  State." 


(( 


326 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 


to  undue 
fears. 


"  I  know  not,  to  be  but  the  fore-runners  of 
**  five  hundred  horfe  that  were  laft  night  to 
*^  come  into  the  City  of  London." 
Tendency  The  univerfal  tendency  of  communities  and 
bodies  of  men  to  undue  and  exaggerated  fears 
is  well  underftood,  and  the  prefent  naturalnefs 
of  fuch  fudden  fears  and  panics  has  been 
fhown  ;  nor  was  the  charadler  of  the  difclofures 
made  at  the  reafTembling  of  the  Committee  at 
Grocers'  Hall  the  next  morning,  of  a  kind  to 
difcontinue  or  abate  them. 

§    XXXIV.     First  Sitting  at  Grocers* 

Hall. 

On  the  day  of  the  firft  fitting  at  Grocers' 
Hall,  Friday  the  7th,  it  had  been  appointed 
to  take  evidence  as  to  the  circumftances  of 
the  King's  attempt  of  the  previous  Tuef- 
day,  and  the  charader  and  condud:  of  the 
armed  men  who  accompanied  him.  *^  The 
^^  bufinefs   was  entered   into,"    fays   D'Ewes, 

Witnefles  <c  before  I  came  in,  and  divers  witnefles  were 
*^  examined  in  my  hearing."  Of  the  ftate- 
ments  made  by  thofe  witnefles  he  proceeds  to 
give  an    abftrad,  confirming  in   all  material 

evidence,  pohits  the  account  already  given,  and  fupply- 
ing  fome  additional  particulars  not  without 
intereft. 

It  feems  certain,  from  the  great  mafs  of  the 
evidence  adduced,  and  fupported  even  by 
witnefles  oppofed  to  the  majority  in  the  Corn- 


Friday, 

7th  Jan. 


as  to  out 
rage  of 
the  4th. 

Abftraa 
of  their 


^  XXXIV.     Firft  Sitting  at  Grocers'  HalL 


327 


mons,  that,  while  the  King  was  in  the  Houfe,  a 
word  or  fignal  was  expeded  to  be  given.  It 
was  diftinc^ly  depofed  by  feveral,  that,  when 
his  Majefl:y  was  coming  out  of  the  Houfe, 
divers  officers  of  the  late  army  in  the  North 
"  and  other  defperate  ruffians "  called  out 
for  the  word,  but,  when  they  faw  no  word 
given,  they  ''  bade  make  a  lane  and  fo  de- 
'^  parted."  One  of  the  witnefles,  a  Captain 
Ogle,  depofed  that  while  fpeaking,  on  the 
morning  after  the  attempt,  with  one  of  the 
officers  who  came  with  the  King,  this  perfon  did 
not  fcruple  to  avow  that  he  and  others  accom- 
panied his  Majefliy  to  be  his  guard  in  confe- 
quence  of  having  heard  that  the  Houfe  of  Com- 
mons would  not  obey  the  King,  and  that  there- 
fore it  was  necefl^ary  to  force  them  to  it. .  "  And 
"  he  believed  that  if,  in  the  pofl:ure  that  they 
*^  were  fet,  the  word  had  been  given,  they 
"  fliould  certainly  have  fallen  upon  the  Houfe 
"  of  Commons."  Another  witnefs  fwore  to 
having  heard  "  one  of  the  defperadoes  "  cry  out, 
as  he  held  up  his  piftol  ready  cocked,  '^  I  will 
**  warrant  you  I  am  a  good  markfman,  I  will 
"  hit  fure."  Another,  Mr.  John  Chambers, 
depofed  to  the  forcible  keeping  open  of  the 
Commons'  door  ;  to  the  violence  ufed  againfl: 
the  fervants  of  members  of  the  Houfe  ;  to  the 
firearms  with  which  the  King's  party  had  come 
prepared ;  and  to  the  interchange  of  queftions  he 
had  overheard  among  them,  as  to  what  might 


Concerted 
plan. 


Signal  to 
be  given. 

Difap- 

point- 

ment. 


Neceflity 
of  forcing 
Commons 
to  obey 
King. 

Only  the 

fignal 

wanting. 


Forcibly 
keeping 
open 
door  of 
Houfe. 


328 


Counting 
numbers. 


Ingenuous 
confcflion. 


An  im- 
portant 
witneis.. 


AtWhite- 
hall  the 
previous 
Friday. 

What 
Lieut. Jen- 
kin  faid. 


Again  at 
Whitehall 
on  the  4th. 

Previous 
intelli- 
gence of 
King's 
defign. 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

be  the  exad  number  of  members  muftered  in 
the  Houfe  that  day.  A  fimilar  piece  of  evi- 
dence muft  be  given  in  the  words  of  D'Ewes  : 
"  That  when  the  King  entered  the  Houfe,  and 
'^  it  appeared  that  neither  Mr.  Pym,  nor  any 
"  of  the  other  four  were  there,  one  of  thefe 
''  bloody  ruffians  faid  '  Zounds  !  there  are 
'^  ^  none  of  them  here,  and  we  are  never  the 
'^  ^  better  for  our  coming  ! ' " 

The  moll  notable  piece  of  evidence,  however, 
was  given  by  Captain  Hercule  Langres,  who 
played  fo  important  a  part  on  the  memorable 
day ;  and  D'Ewes  enal3les  us  firft  to  publifh 
it.  Dwelling  in  Covent  Garden,  he  faid,  he 
had  occafion  to  be  in  Whitehall  on  the  laft  day 
of  December,  the  Friday  preceding  the  King's 
endeavour  to  arreft  the  members.  That  he 
there  underftood  from  Lieutenant  Jenkin,  who 
had  command  of  a  company  of  the  Trained 
Bands  at  Whitehall,  that  he  was  then  under 
orders  to  obey  one  Sir  William  Fleming.  That 
he  was  with  that  officer  again  on  the  following 
Tuefday,  having  heard  from  a  noble  gentleman 
who  wifhed  well  to  this  nation  (doubtlefs  the 
French  ambaflador,  Montrcuil)  of  the  defign 
of  the  King's  going  to  the  Houfe  to  be,  to  take 
out  thofe  five  members  by  violence  which  were 
accufed  ot  treafon,  if  he  found  them  there. 
That,  feeing  his  Majefty  was  to  be  accom- 
panied to  that  end  with  divers  officers  and 
foldiers    armed    with    halberds,  fwords,     and 


§  XXXI v.     Firjl  Sitting  at  Grocers'  Hall, 

piftols,  among  whom  were  divers  Frenchmen, 
namely  Monfieur  Fleury  and  others,  he  pafled 
through  the  roof,  got  to  the  Houfe  of  Com- 
mons before  his  Majefty  could  come,  and 
acquainted  Mr.  Nathaniel  Fiennes  therewith. 
Further,  that  the  faid  Monfieur  Fleury  had 
told  him,  as  long  ago  as  fome  three  weeks, 
that  there  would  be  troubles  fhortly  here  in 
England,  that  he  had  guefled  fo  before,  but 
that  now  he  was  fure  of  it. 

After  this  evidence  had  been  taken,  D'Ewes 
himfelf  rofe  to  ftate  to  the  Committee  the  im- 
preffion  it  had  produced  upon  him,  and  to 
fuggeft  a  refolution  in  accordance  therewith. 
I  moved,"  he  fays,  *'  that  feeing  we  had  all 
the  material  paflages  of  this  defign  proved 
unto  us  by  feveral  witnefles,  I  was  in  mine 
own  confcience  fully  fatiffied,  that  if  God  had 
not  in  a  wonderful  manner  prevented  it  by 
the  abfence  of  thofe  our  five  members,  we 
had  been  all  in  very  great  danger  of  having 
been  deftroyed.  And  therefore  I  did  defire 
that  we  might  refolve  the  fame  upon  the 
queftion.  Others  feconded  me  ;  and  after 
a  pretty  while,  the  queftion  enfuing  was 
agreed  upon.  That  the  coming  of  the 
foldiers  to  the  Houfe  of  Commons  with  his 
Majefty,  on  Tuefday  laft,  was  a  defign  to 
take  fome  members  out  of  the  faid  Houfe, 
and,  in  cafe  they  fliould  find  any  oppofition 
or  denial,  then  to  fall  in  an  hoftile  manner 


329 


PafTes  over 
roof  to 
efcape 
crowds. 


Knew  of 
coming 
trouble 
three 
weeks  ago. 

Impreflion 
made  on 
D'Ewes. 


Satiffied  as 
to  purpofe 
aimed  at. 


To  find 

excufe  for 

armed 

confli6l 

with 

Houfe, 


Moves 
and  carries 
vote  to 
that  efFe6l. 


330 


Art  eft  of  the  Five  Members. 


§  XXXIV.     Firft  Sitting  at  Grocers'  Hall. 


32^ 


Sheriffs  of 
London  in 
attend- 
ance. 


Afked 
as  to 
warrants. 


One  re- 
plies, the 
other 

refufes. 


Difference 
between 
Wilde  and 
D'Ewes. 


Don't 

fhout 

**  aye"  or 

"  no,"  but 

reflect  and 

confider. 


*^  Upon  the  Houfe  of  Commons  ;  which  was  a 
^^  traitorous  defign  againft  the  King  and  Parlia- 
''  ment." 

Meanwhile  Serjeant  Wilde,  reviving  the 
queftion  on  which  D'Ewes  had  outvoted  him 
on  the  previous  day,  had  fucceeded  in  obtaining 
orders  from  the  Committee  for  the  attendance 
of  the  two  Sheriffs  of  London,  with  the  war- 
rants they  had  received  under  the  hand  of  the 
King  for  the  apprehenfionof  the  five  members; 
and  now  their  arrival  was  announced.  They 
were  called  in,  and  afked  by  Mr.  Serjeant 
Wilde  whether  they  had  brought  with  them 
the  warrants.  Sheriff  Garrett,  who  had 
entertained  the  King  two  days  before,  and 
whofe  fympathies  were  with  the  popular  party, 
anfwered  that  he  had  ;  the  other  declined  to 
anfwer,  on  the  ground  that  the  duty  of  his 
place  enjoined  fecrecy. 

At  this  point  D'Ewes  interpofed,  and  upon  his 
motion  the  Sheriffs  withdrew.  Serjeant  Wilde 
then  ftarted  up,  from  the  Chair,  to  afk  whether 
the  Committee  did  not  mean  to  require  them  to 
deliver  in  the  warrants :  to  which  fome  having 
cried  Aye,  and  more  No,  D'Ewes  took  upon 
himfelf  bluntly  to  inform  the  Committee  that 
the  queftion  would  not  be  determined  by  their 
confufed  crying  Aye  and  No,  but  by  their 
confideration  and  debate  what  courfe  was  beft 
to  be  taken.  Suppofe  the  Sheriffs  did  deliver 
up  the  warrants  upon  demand,  what  did  they 


propofe  to   do  with  them  ?     Unlefs  they  in-  Againft 

,1  1  ^  ^     calling  in 

tended   to  keep  them,  they  were  better  not  to  warrants, 
demand  them  ;  and,  as  the  cafe  then  ftood,  it 
was  his  clear   opinion    that    they  (hould  not 
keep  them,  and  therefore  not  demand  them. 
Becaufe,  he    proceeded    to    argue    (with    that 
guarded  moderation  of  tone  in  reference  to  Difcreet 
the  King,  and  that  defire  to  avoid  any  perfonal  the^KLg. 
queftioning  of  his  prerogatives,  by  which  the 
teftimony  he  has  juft  borne  to  the  charader  of 
the  attempt  of  the  4th  of  January  is  rendered 
greatly   more   valuable),  though   his  Majefty, 
being  mifted  by  evil  counjel,  had  in  many  par- 
ticulars violated  their  privileges,  yet  they  ftill 
owed   him  fo   much   refped   as  not  to  affume  Refpea 
authority  to  take  from  his  minifters,  to  whom 
he    had     fent    them,    even    thefe    manifeftly 
illegal    warrants.      '^  Neither    do    I    doubt," 
he  continued,  with  a  touch    of   the  humour  Touch  of 
wherewith    he   occafionally  relieved  the  grave 
precifion  of  his  oratory,   *'  but  they  ftiall  fleep 
*'  as   quietly  in  the  Sheriffs'  hands  as  in  our 
"  cuftody,  who,  I  believe  intend  to  make  but 
"  little  ufe  of  them.     And  indeed  the  City  of 
*^  London  in  general,  and  thofe  gentlemen  in 
*'  particular  have  deferved  fo  well  of  us,  as  I 
"  defire  not   that   we   fliould  put  them  upon 
'^  that  ftrait  as  either  to  offend  his  Majefty,  or  An  ill 
*^  difobey  us.     One  of  them,  you  fee,  pretends 
*'  fecrecy,  and  the  other  would  gladly  be  ex- 
"  cufed  ;   and  therefore  I  defire  that  they  may 


33'^ 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members, 


Call  in 
theSherifFs 
and  dil- 
mifs  them. 


Suggeftlon 
adopted. 

Motion 
that  Five 
Members 
attend 
Commit- 
tee. 


Difliked 

by 

D'Evves. 


Carried. 


King 
meets  the 
challenge. 


''  be  called  in,  and  be  informed  of  the  good 
''  opinion  we  have  of  them,  and  fo  be  dif- 
*' miffed.  Some/' D'Ewes  adds,  "  feconded 
"  me,  and  others  fpake  contrary ;  but  it  was 
''  overruled  that  they  fhould  be  called  in  and 
''  difmiffed,  as  I  had  moved  :  which  was  done 
'^  accordingly." 

The  next  refolution,   however,    moved    in 
difcharge  of  a  duty  which  the  circumftances 
unavoidably  forced  upon  them,  was  in  effed: 
a  dired  challenge  to  the  fovereign.     It  was 
that    the   five   members    accufed   might    and 
ought  to    come  to    attend    that    Committee, 
notwithftanding  any   warrant    iiTued   out,    or 
other  matter  or  accufation,  againft   them.     It 
was  oppofed   by   feme  very  ftrongly,  and  the 
difcuffion    was    ftill    proceeding,    when,    at  4 
o'clock,  D'Ewes  quitted  Grocers'  Hall.     His 
opinion  was,  that  this  open  defiance  ihould  not 
have  been  reforted  to,  until  a  dired  demand  for 
fafety  to  the  perfons  of  the  accufed  fhould  have 
been  refufed  by  the  King  ;   and  apparently  he 
wifhed  to  avoid  fupporting  a  refolution  which 
yet  he  could  not  confcientioufly  have  oppofed. 
It  was  carried,   and  the   members  invited  to 
attend  Grocers'  Hall  publicly  on  the  following 
Monday. 

The  King  meanwhile  had  met,  more  than 
halfway,  the  challenge  of  the  Commons,  and 
early  on  the  morning  following  this  vote,  the 
very  day  when  Falkland   received   the  feals. 


§  XXXV.     Second  Sitting  at  Grocers^  Hall, 


333 


there  came  forth  a  frefh  Proclamation,  reiterat-  Frefh  pro- 
ing  againft  the  Five  Members  the  accufation  of  againft 
High  Treafon,  and  commanding  all  magiftrates  accufed. 
and  officers   to  feize  and  convey  them  to  the 
Tower.     A    letter    from    the  Council   Board 
alfo  reached  the  Chief  Magiftrate,  of  which  the 
objec5l  was  to  make  the  City  members  refpon- 
fible  for  meafures  taken   by  them  on  the  night 
of  the  alarm  to  prote6l  the  Citizens.     It  was 
impoflible  biit  that  the  courfe   thus   adopted 
fhould  precipitate  every  danger,  weaken  what  Unwife 
chances  w'ere   left  to   Charles  the    Firft,    and  ^^"^  ^' 
give  unexpecfced  opportunities  and  power  to 
his  antagonifts. 

§  XXXV.     Second  Sitting  at   Grocers' 

Hall. 

Within  one  hour  after  appearance  of  the  Saturday, 
King's  proclamation   on  Saturday  the  8  th  of  January 
January,  commanding  all  loyal  men  throughout 
the  kingdom  to  apprehend  the  Five  Members  of 
the  Commons  whom  he  had  accufed  of  treafon, 
the  Committee  of  the  Commons  had  affembled 
in    Grocers'    Hall ;    and,   after    renewing  the  Reply  of 
order  for  the  public  appearance  of  the  accufed  to^King's^ 
members  on  Monday,  preparatory  to  the  return  p/otiama- 
to  Weftminfter  on    the  following    day,    they 
pafTed    two    refolutions.     The  firft  :    that    a 
printed  paper  in   the  form  of  a  proclamation 
iffued  out  for  the  apprehending  five  gentle- 
men, members  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons, 


334 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 


Open 
defiance 
of  the 
Sovereign. 


Alarming 
news. 


Step  taken 
thereon, 

A  Guard 
ordered 
for  the 
Tower. 


Import- 
ance of 
the 
Tower. 


Security  to 
merchants. 


Pym's 
great 
fpeech  to 
the  Lords. 


was  falfe,  fcandalouSj  and  illegal.  The  fecond  : 
that  all  ac5ls  of  the  Citizens  of  London,  or 
of  any  other  perfon  whatfoever,  for  the  de- 
fence of  the  Parliament  and  the  privileges 
thereof,  or  the  prefervation  of  the  fame,  were 
according  to  their  duty,  and  the  late  pro- 
teftation,  and  the  laws  of  the  kingdom,  and 
that  if  any  perfon  fhould  arreft  or  trouble  them 
for  fo  doing,  he  was  declared  an  enemy  of  the 
Commonwealth.  Then  were  tidings  brought, 
while  thefe  votes  were  in  progrefs,  of  a  fhip 
from  Berwick  laden  with  arms  having  neared 
the  Tower  ;  and  this  led  to  the  moft  important 
ftep  yet  taken  by  the  Committee.  Sir  John 
Byron,  Lieutenant  of  the  Tower,  and  Captain 
Coningfley,  Lieutenant  of  the  Ordnance,  having 
been  fummoned  and  examined,  it  was  refolved 
that  meafures  fhould  be  adopted  with  all  dif- 
patch  for  the  fetting  of  a  Guard  upon  that 
great  fortrefs  (the  only  fecurity  in  thofe  days 
for  even  the  fandlity  of  commercial  dealings),* 

*  Clarendon  admits  how  vitally  important  it  was  to  obtain 
fecurity  for  the  fafe  keeping  of  the  Tower,  even  in  the  very 
language  of  cavil  with  which  he  complains  of  '*  the  petition 
*'  brought  and  delivered  in  the  names  of  feveral  merchants 
**  who  uled  to  trade  to  the  Mint ;  in  which  they  defired  that 
"  there  might  be  fuch  a  perfon  made  lieutenant  of  the  Tower 
**  as  they  could  confide  in  (an  expreflion  that  grew  from 
'*  that  time  to  be  much  ufed),  without  which  no  man  would 
**  venture  bullion  into  the  Mint,  and  by  confequence  no 
"  merchant  would  bring  it  into  the  kingdom." — Hiii.  ii.  154. 
In  that  noble  fpeech  (one  of  the  greateft  monuments  of 
eloquence,  at  once  maflive  and  perfuafive,  that  exifts  in  the 
Englifli  language)  delivered  by  Pym  before  the  Upper  Houfe 
at  the  Great  Conference  of  the  24th  ot  January,  but  a  few 
days  fubfequent  to  the  prefent  date,  when   the  leader  of  the 


§  XXXV,     Second  Sitting  at  Grocers'  Hall. 


335 


under  command  of  an  officer  having  equally  the 
confidence  of  the  City  and  the  Parliament,  and 
irremovable  "without  the  King's  command  fig- 
"  nified  by  both  Houfes."  The  officer  feleded 
was  the  Captain  of  the  Artillery  Garden,  Skip- 
pon  ;  "  a  faithful  and  able  foldier,"  fays  White- 
lock  ;  a  man,  fays  Clarendon,  who  had  ferved 
very  long  in  Holland,  and  from  a  common 
foldier  had  raifed  himfelf  to  the  degree  of  a 
Captain,  and  '  to  the  reputation  of  a  good 
officer ;  "  a  man  of  order  and  fobriety,  and 
"  untainted  with  any  of  thofe  vices  which  the 
"  officers  of  that  army  were  exercifed  in  :  ''  a 
man,  let  me  add,  very  notable  in  the  coming 
years,  and  whofe  part  in  our  Englifli  hiftory 
dates  from  this  day.* 


Sele61ion 
of  com- 
manding 
officer  : 


Major- 
General 
Skippon. 


Chara6ler 
and  fer- 
vices. 


Lower  Houfe  invited  the  concurrence  and  help  of  the  Lords 
in  faving  the  kingdom,  but  told  them  that  their  refufal  would 
not  dilcourage  the  Commons;  in  faving  it  without  fuch  aid,  he 
alfo  adverts  to  the  evil  influences  upon  trade  arifmg  from  the 
infecurity  of  the  Tower.  "  But  I  muft  proteft,"  he  faid, 
*'  the  Houfe  of  Commons  hath  given  no  caufe  to  thefe 
*'  obftru6lions.  We  have  eafd  Trade  of  many  burdens  and 
heavy  taxes  j  we  have  freed  it  from  many  hard  reftraints  by 
patents  and  monopolies  j  we  have  been  willing  to  part  with 
our  own  privileges,  to  give  it  encouragement  j  and  we  have 
fought  to  put  the  merchants  into  fecurity  and  confidence  in 
rel'peft  of  the  Tower  of  London,  that  fo  they  might  be 
"  invited  to  bring  in  their  Bullion  to  the  Mint  as  heretofore 
"  they  have  done.  We  are  no  way  guilty  of  the  troubles, 
*•  the  tears,  the  public  dangers,  which  make  men  withdraw 
"  their  flocks,  and  keep  their  money  by  them,  to  be  ready  for 
**  fuch  fudden  exigents  as  in  thefe  great  diltraftions  we  have 
*'  too  much  caule  to  exped.  I  mufl  clear  the  Commons. 
"  We  are  in  no  part  guilty  of  this.  Whatfoever  mifchief 
"  thefe  obftru6lions  in  trade  fhall  produce,  we  are  free  from  it. 
"  We  may  have  our  part  in  the  mifery,  we  can  have  no  part 
in  the  guilr  or  dilhonour.'* 
•  Whitelock  (i.  191),  has  preferved  for  us  a  fpecimen  of 


Effea  of 

political 

troubles 


on 


trad 


e. 


«( 


Defence 
of  the 
Commons. 


336 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members, 


Named 
Chief  of 
the  City 
Militia. 


How 
authority 
comes  into 
being  : 


Attends 

upon 

necefTity. 


Order  for 
fo[fe  comi- 
tatus. 


No  fuch 

guard 

needed. 

Sklppon 
and  his 
foldiers. 


Liking  for 

ftiort 

fpceches. 


Captain    Skippon   was  named,  before    the 
Committee  arofe,  Major-General  of  the  Mi- 
litia of  the  City  of  London.     It  was  an  office 
never  before  heard  of,  Clarendon  fiys  afterwards 
in  his  Hiftory,   nor  imagined    that    they   had 
authority  to  conftitute.       Their  authority,  it 
might  have  been  replied,  fprang  into  life  with 
the  proclamation  iflued  on  this  8th  of  January 
1 641 -2,  and  the  letter  of  that  morning's  date 
from    the    Council    Board.       It    had   become 
neceflary  that  the  Trained    Bands  of  London 
fhould  be  under  the  command  of  a  perfon  fit 
to  lead  them,  and  authority  waits  upon  neceffity. 
A  Sub-Committee  was  alfo  appointed  to  con- 
fer and   arrange,  as   to  the  Military   arrange- 
ments for  Tuefday,  with  the  Common  Council 
of  London  :  order  having  been  at  the  fame  time 
ifTued,  to  the  Sheriffs  of  London  and  Middlefex, 
for  the  raifing  of  the  pojfe  comitatus  "for  the 
"Guard  of  the  King  and  Parliament '*  on  the 
occafion  of  the  return  to  Weftminfler.     Little 
was  that  precaution  needed.     But  even  the  men 

what  he  calls  thofe  fhort  and  encouraging  fpeeches  to  his 
foldiers  which  induced  the  City  Bands,  all  through  the  Civil 
War,  to  march  forth  under  his  command  with  the  utmoft 
cheerfulnefs.  "  Come,  my  boys,  my  brave  boys,  let  us  pray 
*'  heartily  and  fight  heartily.  I  will  fliare  the  fame  fortunes 
**  and  hazards  with  you.  Remember  the  caufe  is  for  God, 
**  and  for  the  defence  of  yourfelves,  your  wives,  and  children. 
**  Come,  my  honeft  brave  boys,  pray  heartily  and  fight  heartily. 
<*  and  God  will  blefs  us!"  Thus  would  he  go  all  along 
with  the  foldiers,  adds  the  grave  Mr.  Whitelock  j  talking  to 
them,  fometimes  to  one  company,  and  fometimes  to  another  • 
and  the  foldiers  feemed  to  be  more  taken  with  it  than  with  a 
fet  formal  oration. 


%  XXXV.     Second  Sitting  at  Grocers'  Hall  337 

who  fat  at  Grocers'  Hall  at  the  clofe  of  this  Com- 
eventful  week  of  January,  could  not  gauge  the  i^nomnt 
depth  or  force  of  the  feeling,  which,  fince  its  °^  ^^^*'" 
commencement,   had  flirred  London  and    its^°''^'' 
adjacent  counties  to  their  depths,  and  already  had 
determined  finally  the  queftion  of  the  fafety  of 
Parliament   againfl  the  King.      Though  '  the 
Committee    made    arrangements    and    ifTued 
orders  as  having    no    longer    any  fear,  they  Triumph 
could  have  formed    but   little  notion    as  yet  P'^^^""^* 
of  the  chara6ler  and  kind  of  triumph  where- 
with the  great  mafs  of  the  people  were  pre- 
paring, againft  the  day  of  the  propofed  return  Members 
to  Weftminfter,  to  celebrate   and  glorifv  the  f°  ^^ 

1  1      T^-         r  t  o  /     "*^  borne 

men  whom  the  Kmg  lo  recently  had  denounced  back  by 
as  traitors,  and  on   that  very  day  had  again  ^^'^^'''^^^* 
publicly  outlawed  and  profcribed. 

A  very  flriking  incident  occurred  before  the 
Committee,  on  this  8th  of  January,  adjourned. 
Word  was  brought  to  them  that    the  King,  Propofal 
attended  by  certain  members  of  the  Houfe  of  ?J^ff^"^ 
Lords,  propofed  to  come  in  perfon  on  Monday  Com- 
next  to  the   Committee.       It  was  probably  a  ''''"'^* 
mere  threat,  thrown  out  in  the  hope   that  it 
might  compel  abandonment   of  the  propofed 
public  appearance  of  the  accufed  members  on 
that  day.   But,  whether  really  or  only  colourably 
entertained,  the  Committee,  with  confummate 
calmnefs  and  good  tafte,  intimated  their  readi- 
nefs  to  give  dutiful  welcome  to  fuch  a  vifit,  its  recep- 
by  the  degree  of  preparation  they  would  make  '*''''• 


338  Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members, 

Due  re-     for  it.  ''  Thereupon  they  ordered  the  Captains 

^^ald  ^""^^  "  of  the  Trained  Bands  that  attended  them  as  a 

^""^  '         ''  Guard  fhould    take    efpecial    care    that    his 

Way  to     ''  Majefty  and  the  Englifh  nobUlty  have  way 

be  made    cc  j^^je  for  them  to  come  in  ;   and  Sir  Ralph 

and^'o?   '^  Hopton  and  Mr.  Charles  Price,  who  were 

^^^'*  ''  the  King's  fervants,  were  defired  to  fland  by 

''  the  Officers  of  the  Guard  to  fee  the  fame 

''  performed,    and  to  fhew  them  fuch  perfons 

"  as  are  of  the  Englifh  nobility."     Of  courfe 

nothing  more  was  heard  of  a  vifitfrom  the  Kmg. 

§  XXXVI.     Sunday  the  Ninth  of 

January. 

vifitorsin       Sunday,  the  9th  of  January,  faw  groups  of 

Cityftreets  ftj-ange  vifitors  in  the  London  ftreets,  churches, 

chapels,     and  chapels.     The  City  had  become  fuddenly 

and  filently  filled  with  other  than  the  famihar 

faces  of  her  Citizens.    Men  not  known  to  each 

other  but  by  the  purpofe  that  lighted  up  each 

countenance  as  they  met,  men  who  were  com- 

stran.ers  P^^te    ftrangcrs,    ftiys    Lilly,    grafped    hands 

meeting  as  firmly,  and  paffed  on  without  uttering  a  word. 

friends.      ^  ^^^^j^^  ^^^^  ^^j^^  determination  everywhere 

fhowed  itfelf.  Large  numbers  had  poured 
Petitioners  into  London  that  morning  with  a  petition, 
for  Pym.  figned  by  feveral  thoufands  for  protedion  of 
Mr.  Pym.  They  were  chiefly  of  the  citizen 
and  merchant  clafs,  but  in  attendance  upon 
them  were  thickly  gathering  crowds  of  appren- 
tices and  artizans.     Four  thoufand  fquires  and 


§  XXXVI.     Sunday  the  Ninth  of  January, 


339 


freeholders    had    ridden    up   yeilerday    from  Petitioners 
Buckinghamfhire  to  protect  their  beloved  re-  jen.      ^' 
prefentative :     fubftantial    farmers  and  fl:urdy 
yeomen,  born  and  bred  within  the  fhadow  of 
Hampden's    beeches ;    gentlemen    of  landed 
eftate,  who  had  feledled  him  to  obtain  redrefs 
for  their  wrongs  :    the  fame,  who,  but  a  few 
weeks  before  the  aflembling  of  this  parliament, 
had  in  great  numbers  preferred   imprifonment 
to   a  timorous  compliance  with  unjufl:  levies 
of  coat  and  conduct  money    in  their  feveral 
fhires.     They  are  here  now  to  live  or  die  with 
Mr.  Hampden  ;   to  ofl^er  fervice  to  the  Com- 
mons ;  refpedfully  to  petition  the  King.  And 
from  many  a  pulpit  ifTued  forth,  on  this  mem- 
orable    Sunday,   the    folemn   greeting  of  the 
great  city  to  her  welcome  vifitors.     ^^  We  did 
'^  hear  feveral  moft   favoury  difcourfes  out  of  Savoury 
'^  the    hundred    and    twenty-fecond    Pfalm.'^'^'^'^^'''^''* 
The  noble  old  words  bring  back  the  fervour 
of  the  true  faith,  the  belief  in  God  and  His 
word,  the   fl:ern   and    indomitable   refolution, 
which  charadlerifed  this  grand  time.     "  Our  122nd 
''  feet  fhall  ftand  within  thy  gates,  O  Jerufalem !  ^^^^"'' 
**  Jerufalem  is  builded  as  a  city  that  is  compact 
"  together:  whither  the  tribes  go  up,  the  tribes 
"  of  the  Lord  unto  the  tefl:imony  of  Ifrael,  to 
''  give  thanks  unto  the  name  of  the  Lord.  .  .  .  Text 
*^  Pray  for  the  peace  of  Jerufalem  :  they  fhall  ^^;^^]''^ 
"  profper  that  love  thee  !    Peace  be  within  thy 
"  walls,  and  profperity  within  thy  palaces  !" 


z  2 


340 


Monday 
loth  Jan'": 


Laft  fitting 
in  Gro- 
cers' Hall. 


Crowds 
aflembled. 


Speeches 
ot  Glyn 
and  Pen- 
nington. 


Sufpe^ed 
tamper- 
ings  at  the 
Tower. 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

§  XXXVII.     Preparations  for  the 

Triumph. 

It  was  nearly  ten  on  the  following  morning 
when  the  proceedings  of  the  Committee  were 
refumed.  The  Committee  men  had  found  it 
no  eafy  matter  to  get  to  their  places  ;  fo 
thronged  were  the  narrow  ways  of  the  Poultry, 
and  fo  difficult  the  approach  to  the  magnificent 
old  Hall  which  the  wealthy  Company  of 
Grocers  had  placed  at  their  difpofal.  For,  this 
was  the  day  when  the  accufed  members  were 
publicly  to  refume  their  feats  by  the  fide  of 
their  colleagues,  and  denfe  crowds  of  the 
people  had  aflembled  to  give  them  welcome  as 
they  pafl'ed  in  from  Coleman  Street.  When 
D'Ewes  entered,  Glyn  had  been  explaining 
the  condu6l  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Lord 
Herbert,  in  a  matter  which  fhowed  his  loyalty 
to  the  Houfe  ;  and  this  elicited  from  all  fides 
(the  Puritan  Sir  Simonds  himfelf  chiming 
heartily  in  with  it)  an  expreflion  of  gratitude 
and  refped.  Alderman  Pennington  then 
rofe  to  make  a  communication  refpe6ling 
the  Tower ;  and  what  he  had  to  relate  con- 
firmed the  alarms  of  the  week  preceding, 
and  eftablifhed  the  fa6l  of  interferences  with 
the  cTuard  and  defence  of  that  all- important 
fortrefs,  in  dired  oppofition  to  the  orders  of 
the  two  Houfes.  The  hamleteers,  who  adled 
ordinarily  as  warders,  had  been  difcharged,  and 


§  XXXVII.     F reparations  for  the  Triiajiph,  341 

were  not  fuffered  to  re-enter ;  while  others  had 
been  introduced  in  their  place.  The  body  of 
canoneers,  upwards  of  forty  in  number,  whofe 
refidence  was  outfide  the  walls,  had  been  or- 
dered to  take  up  refidence  within ;  a  company 
of  carbineers  had  joined  them  ;  and,  ading  with  Evidence 

-      _        ,  -^  r  r  rr  o^  danger. 

thefe,  there  were  now  lomc  forty  or  titty  re- 
tainers of  the  accufed  Bifhops  :   all  difafFecfled 
to  the  Houfe.     Several  of  the  old  hamleteers, 
being  called  in,  depofed  alfo  to  adls  of  the  new 
Governor  having  a  drift  entirely  oppofed  to 
the  refolutions  of  Parliament.     The  carbineers 
had  been  introduced  fecretly ;  within  the  paft 
two  days,  confiderable  numbers  of  "  cavaliers  "  V  Caya- 
had  been  permitted  to  pafs  in  and  out ;  unufual 
quantities  of  ammunition  were  in  ftore  ;  and 
the  flood  was  kept  in  the  moat.     A  fub-com-  Sub-com- 
mittee  was  appointed,    therefore,    to  examine  ^^'.j^^^j^^P" 
further  ;  and  diredion  was  iflued  for  the  attend-  and  Byron 

lummon- 

ance  or  Sir  John  Byron.  ed. 

Then  rofe  Sir  Henry  Ludlow,  the  member 
for    Wiltfliire,   father    of    the    more   famous 
Edmund  (who  upon  Sir  Henry's  death  in  1644 
fucceeded  him    in  the    reprefentation    of   his 
county),  and  fubmitted  a  vote  to  be  pafTed  by 
the  Committee,   and  reported  to  the  Houfe, 
declaring  it  to  have  been  a  traitorous  con- 
fpiracy    in    Sir    William    Killegrew    and    Sir  Motion 
William    Fleming    to   publifii    to    the     Four  KiHegrew 
Inns   of  Court   a    fcandalous    paper    againft  ^"^  ^^e"^- 
Five  Members  of  the  Commons.      But  this 


Arefi  of  the  Five  Members. 


Modera- 
tion of 
Com- 
mittee. 


Violent 

language 

didiked. 


Refolu- 
tions  mo- 
dified and 
paffed. 


Againft 
agents  on 
the  3rd 
and  4th. 


refolution,    fays    D'Ewes,  in    a   paflage  that 
exhibits  charaAeriftically  the  prevailing  defire 
to  avoid  all  intemperance  of  expreflion,  had  to 
be  "  referred  to  Mr.  Glyn  and  fome  others  to 
^'  put  into  form,  becaufe  it  was  very  long,  and 
"  [contained]    too    high  expreflions   of  fome 
^'  cruel  and  bloody  intentions  in  the  faid  Sir 
''  William  Killegrew  and  Sir  William  Fleming." 
Soon  the  fub-committee  returned,  and  the  fub- 
joined  refolutions  were  put.     The  wifli  feems 
to  have  been  that  all  the  votes  having  dired 
perfonal  reference  to   the  outrage  committed 
on  the  Five  Members,  fhould  be  taken  before 
their  appearance  among  the  Committee  ;   and 
that  what  was  referved  for  fettlement  on  their 
arrival   Ihould  be  fimply  the  order  of  proce- 
dure for  the  Return  to  Weftminfter  next  day. 
The  Chairman  rofe,  and  read  from  the  paper 
handed  to  him  :   That  the  publifhing  of  feveral 
articles  purporting  to  form  a  charge  of  High 
Treafon  againft  certain  Gentlemen,  members 
*of  this  Houfe,  by  Sir  William  Killegrew,  Sir 
William  Fleming,  and  others  (in  the  Inns  of 
Court  and  elfewhere,  were  afterwards  inferted), 
was  a  high  breach  of  the  privilege  of  Parlia- 
ment, a  feditious  ad    malicioufly   (fo  written 
in  miftake  for  manifeftly)  tending  to  the  fub- 
verfion  of  the  peace  of  the  kingdom,  and  an 
injury  and  difhonour  to  the   faid    members, 
there    being    no    legal   charge    or    accufation 
againft  them. 


§  xxxvir.     Preparations  for  the  Triumph.  343 


Further,  the  Chairman  read  :  That  the  pri- 
vileges of  Parliament,  and  liberties  of  the  fub- 
jed,  fo  broken,  could  not  be  fully  vindicated 
unlefs  the  King  would  difcover  who  advifed 
him  to  the  fealing  up  of  chambers,  ftudies, 
and  trunks  of  faid  members,  the  fending  a 
ferjeant  to  the  Houfe  to  demand  them,  and 
coming  in  his  own  perfon  to  Parliament  to 
apprehend  them,  to  the  end  that  fuch  evil 
counfellors  might  receive  exemplary  punifti- 
ment. — But  as  thefe  words  were  read,  feveral 
members  fuggefted  the  neceflity  of  allufion  to 
the  warrants  under  the  King's  hand  ;  and  the 
fad  of  the  appearance  of  Serjeant  Dandie  and 
his  company  in  the  City,  for  the  declared  pur- 
pofe  of  feizing  the  accufed,  together  with  the 
fimultaneous  appearance  of  the  Proclamation 
threatening  penalties  of  the  law  againft  all  who 
fhould  be  difcovered  entertaining,  lodging,  har- 
bouring, or  converfing  with  them,  became  the 
fubjed  of  excited  converfation  and  difpute. 
In  the  end,  the  words  ^^  and  to  iftue  feveral 
*'  warrants  under  his  Majefty's  own  hand  to 
*^  apprehend  the  faid  members"*  were  inferted 
in  the  firft  refolution,  and  the  vote  was  made 
to  comprife  this  addition  :  And  that  it  was 
lawful  for  all  perfons  whatever  to  entertain, 
lodge,  harbour,  or  converfe  with,  thofe  five 
gentlemen,   and    that   whofoever   Ihould    be 


Againft 
evil  coun- 
fellors. 


Againft 
Proclama- 
tions 
iflbed. 


Againft 

warrants. 

under 

King's 

hand. 


*  Interlineations  of  the  votes  as  originally  put,  appear  In 
Sir  Ralph  Verney's  Notes,  14.1,  142. 


344 


jirreft  of  the  Five  Members, 


§  XXXVII.     F reparations  for  the  'Triumph.  345 


Speech  by- 
May  nard. 


queftioned  for  the  fame  was,  and  fhould  be,  under 
the  protedion  and  privilege  of  Parliament. 

Before  the  votes  finally  pafled,  a  fomewhat 
remarkable  fpeech  was  made  by  Maynard,  who 
fat  for  Totnefs.     This  was  the  fame   able  and 
unfcrupulous  lawyer  who,  ading  clofely  by  the 
His  fellow-  fide  of  Glyn  throughout   this  great  bufinefs, 
GW  *  ^    ^s  ^  ftickler  for  the  rights  of  Parliament  and  the 
people,  confented  afterwards,  with  Glyn,  to  do 
the  dirty  work  of  the  Reftoration  ;  had  the  in- 
expreflible  bafenefs  to  join  with  him  in  con- 
ducing   the    profecution    againft    Vane ;    and 
mofl:  juftly  drew  down  upon  himfelf  and  his 
aflbciate,  even  during  the  orgies  of  the  opening 
Remem-    of  Charles  the  Second*s  reign,  contempt   and 
thrReOo-  hatred  from  the  common  people  and  citizens, 
ration.       who  had  not,  through  all  that  interval  of  nearly 
twenty  years,  forgotten  thefe  their  old  high- 
flying  efforts    in   behalf  of    popular    rights 
againft  Court  and  King.* 

For  the  prefent,  however,  it  is  to   be  ad- 
mitted, in  juftice  to  the  member  for  Totnefs, 

Mr.Pepys'  •  '*  Bleffed  be  God,"  fays  Pepys,  devoutly,  at  the  clofe  of 
political  the  long  entry  in  his  Diary  (i.  179,  180,  ed.  1854)  of  the 
23rd  April,  166 1,  in  which  he  has  been  defcribing  Charles 
the  Second's  Coronation,  "  I  have  not  heard  of  any  mifchance 
"  to  anybody  thro'  it  all,  but  only  to  Serjeant  Glyn,  vvhofe 
"  horfe  tell  upon  him  yefterday,  and  is  like  to  kill  him,  which 
"  people  do  pleafe  themfelvcs  to  fee  how  juft  God  is  to 
**  puniih  the  rogue  at  fuch  a  time  as  this :  he  being  now  one 
**  of  the  King's  Serjeants,  and  rode  in  the  Cavalcade  with 
**  Maynard,  to  whom  people  wirti  the  fame  fortune."  And 
who  will  not  remember  Butler's  immortal  couplet  ? 

"  Did  not  the  learned  Glyn  and  Maynard 
To  make  good  fubjeds  traitors,  llrain  hard  ?" 


rogues. 


Popular 
view  of 
them. 


that  he  fpoke  forcibly,  and  drove  the  particu- 
lar queftions  home.  After  enlarging,  in  the 
manner  of  the  time,  upon  the  nature  of  a 
Parliament,  and  its  fovereignty  in  difcovering 
and  curing  all  difeafes  in  a  Commonwealth ; 
after  avowing  his  confident  belief  that  the  long 
intermiffion  of  thofe  affemblies  had  been  the 
fole  caufe  of  all  the  evils  and  troubles  that  had 
happened  to  his  Majefty's  kingdoms  ;  he  faid 
that  the  worthy  gentleman  below  him,  in- 
dicating the  member  for  Colchefter,  had,  on  a 
previous  day,  expreffed  in  very  pregnant 
terms  the  one  great  privilege  of  Parliament  to 
which  every  other  fubferved.  This  was.  Not 
to  be  queftioned  or  accufed,  for  or  concerning 
any  vote,  argument,  or  difpute,  during  free 
fitting  as  the  people's  reprefentatlves,  either  in 
the  continuance  of  a  Parliament,  or  after  the  fame 
might  be  diffolved  or  broken  off,  either  legally 
or  illegally.  Applying  which  to  the  tranfac- 
tions  of  the  3rd  and  4th,  he  would  fay  that  no 
greater  breach  could  be  committed  than  to 
accufe  of  High  Treafon  five  members  of  that 
Houfe  during  the  continuance  of  its  fittings, 
for  and  on  account  of  matters  debated  on  and 
done  in  the  Houfe,  in  their  charader  of  mem- 
bers thereof ;  and  then,  upon  fuch  accufation, 
to  proceed  to  break  open  their  chambers, 
trunks,  and  ftudies,  and  feize  upon  their  books 
and  writings. 

For  if,  faid  this  flcilful  and  popular  fpeaker. 


His  prefent 
view  of 
parlia- 
ments : 


their 
privileges: 


the 

attempted 
arreft : 


and  the 

unlawful 

feizures. 


I 


346 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


All  public 
bufinefs  in 
peril. 


"  Well 
moved." 


Lords  and 
Bifhops. 
uncon- 
trolled. 


Men  of 
fpirit  dif- 
abled. 


if  to  be  queftioned  for  free  debating  or  argu- 
ing in  Parliament  were  no  breach  of  privilege, 
then  could  they  not  fifely  intermeddle  with  or 
agitate  any  bufinefs  whatfoever,  concerning 
either  Church  or  State,  but  what  fhould  be 
appointed  and  nominated  by  his  Majefty  and 
his  Privy  Council.  And  further,  if,  for  things 
done  in  the  Houfe,  if,  repeated  Maynard,  amid 
cries  of  '^  very  well  moved,"  for  things  ex- 
preflly  done  therein,  freely  chofen  members  of 
that  Houfe  might  be  accufed  of  treafon,  then 
would  it  be  dangerous  longer  to  fit  in  Parlia- 
ment upon  any  bufinefs  of  diforders  in  the 
State  and  grievances  to  the  fubjec51:,  committed 
or  done  by  great  perfonages,  fuch  as  Lords 
and  Bifhops  ;  feeing  that  thefe  might  at  any 
time,  by  their  fubtle  inventions,  induce  his 
Majefly  to  favour  their  adions,  by  merely  pre- 
tending to  uphold  his  honour,  maintain  his  pre- 
rogative, fupport  his  royal  power,  and  the  like. 
And  finally  he  had  to  fay  that  if  upon  any 
fuch  accufation,  the  chambers,  trunks,  and 
ftudies  of  fuch  accufed  members  might  be 
broken  open,  and  their  writings  feized  upon, 
then  would  it  altogether  difcourage  any  man  to 
undertake  any  fervice  for  the  good  of  his 
country,  who  fhould  fo  perceive  that  he 
might  at  pleafure  be  bereaved  of  fuch  means 
and  helps  as  alone  enabled  and  rendered  him 
fit  for  duties  to  the  Commonwealth.  He 
was  for  thofe  reafons,  therefore,  favorable  to  the 


§  XXXVII.     Preparations  for  the  Triumph.  347 


votes  then  fubmitted,  and  to  a  declaration  to 
be  drawn  up  from  the  fame  for  the  informa- 
tion and  encouragement  of  all  loyal  fubjeds. 

The   refolutions    had  fcarcely   been  voted, 
when  a  commotion  outfide  the  Hall  gave  notice 
of  fome  frefh  excitement,  and  it  was  announced 
that  a  very  numerous  deputation  of  failors  and 
mariners,  maflers  and  officers  of  fhips,  bring- 
ing with  them  a  petition  figned  on  the  fudden 
by  more  than  a  thoufand  hands,  had  come  to 
proffer  their  fervices,  in  D'Ewes's  phrafe,  ''  to 
''  be  with  us  tomorrow,  to  defend  the  Parlia- 
'^  ment   by    water   with    mufkets    and    other 
''  amunition   in    feveral    veflels  ;    which    was 
''  accepted  by  us,"  and  all  needful  orders  made 
in  relation  thereto.*    PermifTion  was  given,  for 
example,  that  all  the  vefTels  fhould  be  fitted 
with  artillery,  provifo  being  made  that  no  com- 
mand  for  firing,  fave   in  the  way  of  falute, 
fhould  be  given  that  day,  unlefs  "  the  King 
"  and  Parliament  "    fhould    be    firfl    aflailed. 
Order  was  alfo  drawn  up  for  the  place  of  ren- 
dezvous.    To  take  advantage  of  the  tide,  and 
that  the  whole  fleet  might  come  through  bridge 
together,  they  were  ''  to  meet  at  the  Hermi- 
«^  tage  at  3  next  morning."     All  which  being 


Agitation 
outfide. 


Petition  of 
failors. 


Services  of 

mariners 

accepted. 


To  meet 
at  3  next 
morning  : 

at  the 
Hermit- 
age. 


*  Harl.    MSS.   162,    f.  309  b.     Rufhworth,  in  his  brief  D'Ewes 
allufion  to  thefe  occurrences  {Coll.  III.  i.  4.3 3)j  f^y^   ^^^^   ^^  more  cor- 
was  on  Saturday  both  the  feamen  and  the  apprentices  attended  j.^^  ^.j^an 
to  proffer  their  fervice  :    but   D'Ewes,   who   reports  all  the  Rufti- 
details,  is  of  courfe   to  be   preferred   as  a  witnefs,  and  he   is  worth, 
entirely  fupported  by  Sir  Ralph  Verney's  brief  record,  Notes, 
14.1-2. 


348 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 


The 

**  water- 
rats/* 


The  Five 
Members 
approach. 

Enter  and 
take  Teats, 


Greeting. 


Offers 
from  the 
common 
people. 


fettled,  away  went  the  ^'  water-rats,"  as  the 
King  bitterly  called  them,  when,  hearing  this 
day  of  their  proffer  fo  to  guard  the  Commons 
back  to  their  home  at  Weftminfter,  he  felt 
himfelf  weaker  by  one  defertion  more,  and  faw 
that  his  mariners  and  feamen  had  gone  over 
to  his  enemies. 

But  now  came  fhouts  from  without  far  ex- 
ceeding any  that  had  yet  been  heard,  and  the 
Five  Members  were  known  to  be  approaching. 
They  entered  amid  what  D'Ewes  calls  the 
'^  welcome  of  many,"  and  took  their  places  '^  in 
'^  among  us."  He  remarks  in  what  order 
they  entered,  Hollis  and  Hafelrig,  Pym, 
Hampden,  and  Strode  ;  and  the  imagination 
fupplies  all  that  his  fimple  expreffion  includes, 
of  the  heartfelt  fympathy  that  greeted  them, 
and  of  the  determination  of  the  Committee  to 
make  common  caufe  with  colleagues  branded  as 
traitors,  whofe  only  title  to  that  vengeance  of 
the  Court  had  been  the  extent  of  their  fervice 
to  the  Houfe  of  Commons  and  the  people. 
When  they  had  taken  their  feats,  it  was  found 
that  cries  and  preffure  ftill  fo  increafed  from 
without  that  it  was  expedient  to  call  in  a  cer- 
tain number  as  fpokefmen  for  the  great  mafs  of 
the  common  people  and  apprentices,  who  were 
faid  to  be  thronging  round  the  doors.  They 
entered  accordingly,  and,  fays  D'Ewes,  *'  in 
"  their  own  names  and  in  the  names  of  all  the 
^'  reft    defired    to    guard   the    Parliament    to- 


§  XXXV 1 1.      F reparations  for  the  "Triumph, 


349 


"  morrow.    Whereto  Serjeant  Wilde,  by  order 

''  from  and  in  the  name  of  the  Committee, 

^'  gave  them  hearty  thanks  for  their  prefent  offer  Thanked 

'^  and  former  care  and  readinefs  to  guard  the  ^X  ^^"^" 

mittee. 

''  Parliament,  wherein  many  of  them  had  been 
''  wounded.  For  this  the  Committee  hoped 
'^  to  fee  them  have  redrefs  in  due  time:  but 
'^  defired  them  to  keep  at  home  to-morrow  for 
'^  the  guard  of  the  City,  whilft  their  mafters 
^^  did  guard  up  at  the  Parliament:  and  that 
"  whenfoever  we  had  occafion  to  ufe  them, 
''  they  fhould  have  notice  from  us.  One  of 
"  them  anfwered  for  the  reft  that  they  would 
^'  obey  our  command,  and  fo  departed." 

Still  another  group  from  thofe  eager  crowds  Offers 
without,  however,  had  by  this  time  forced  its  s^o,J^h- 
way  into  the  outer  paffages  of  the  Hall,  and  a  ^"^ark 

/-    1      J         ,  1     r        •  •  •        1      Trained 

paule  had  to  be   made  tor   its  reception  in  the  Bands. 

committee  room.     "  Divers,"  fays  D'Ewes, 

*^  of  the  borough  of  Southwark    then    came 

'^  and  offered  the   affiftance   of  their  Trained 

*^  Bands  to  us  to-morrow,  to  come  and  be  our 

''  guard  at  Weftminfter.     We  told  them  that 

*^  we  hoped   the   City   of  London  would  take 

*  ^  care  for  our  guard  :   but  accepted  their  offer  Accepted, 

''  with  thanks,  and  defired  them  to  be  in  the^'^l^^.^^ 

to  be  m 

"  fields  about  Lambeth  and  in  Southwark  in  arms. 
*'  their  arms."* 

Sir  John  Clotworthy  now  rofe,    and    per- 

•  Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  313  b.  I  may  take  this  opportunity 
ot  faying  that  the  entire  proceedings  of  this  Monday  the  10th 
January  are  comprifed  within  ff.  312  a,  and  313  b. 


35° 


Proteflion 
of  Sub- 
Com- 
mittee. 


Arrange- 
ments tor 
Tuefday's 
guard. 


Irrevoca- 
ble ftep. 


Raifing 

troops 

without 

commif- 

lion. 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

formed    the    great    fervice   of  the   day.     He 
reported  the  heads  of  the  various  refolutions 
which  the  Sub-Committee  named  at  the  pre- 
ceding fitting  had  fettled  with  the  Committee 
of  the  Common  Council  of  London  appointed 
to   confer  with    them,  for    provifion    of    the 
Military  Guard  to  accompany  the  Five  Mem- 
bers on  their  return  to  Weftminfter  on  the 
morrow.     This  was  the  true  pledge  of  wel- 
come which  the  Houfe  and  the  City  had  been 
all  thefe  days  preparing,   and  by  which  they 
became  bound,   in  penalties    of  treafon    they 
would    hardly    themfelves   have    queftioned, 
never    to  recede  from  the   conflid  now  pro- 
voked until  a  vidory  was  won.     Each  article 
of  the    refolutions    was  put    feparately,    and 
a  vote  taken  upon  it :   not  without  refiftance 
from  fome  who    were   prefent  (among  them 
Hopton  and  Price,  and  Sir  Edward  Bering ; 
what  tone   was  taken  either   by    Falkland  or 
Culpeper   is   not   afcertainable),    but   with    a 
quiet  and  ftern  determination  on  the  part  of 
the  great  majority,  as  fully  confcious  of  the 
refponfibilities  incurred.     "  It  was  really  trea- 
"  fon,"  exclaimed  Philip  Warwick,^  ''for  them 
"  to  march  without  the  King's  commiflion." 
If  it  were  in  ftridnefs  fo,   then  fo  let  it  be  : 
they  believed  indeed  otherwife,  and  that,  even 
by  royalift  theories  of  the  conftitution,  to  fecure 
the  fafety  of  the  Parliament  and  Kingdom  was 

*  Memoirs t  226,  ed.  18 13. 


§  XXXVII.     Preparations  for  the  'Triumph.  351 

to  provide  for  the  fafety  of  the  King  :  but  to 
the  courfe  they  were  now  taking,  whatever  it 
might   involve,  they  had   been  driven  in  fheer  Refolu- 

^  /      ^  ..  tions 

felf-defence  by  their  aliailant.  voted : 

The  firft  refolution*  was,  that  it  had  become  Firft. 
neceflary  to  have  a  fufficient  guard   provided 
for    the    fafety   of  the    King,  Kingdom,  and 
Parliament.     The   fecond,    that   fuch    guard  Second, 
fhould  be  raifed  out  of  the  City  and  the  parts 
adjacent.      The  third,    that   eight   companies  Third, 
fhould  be  appointed  for  to-morrow's  guard,  to 
aflemble  at  eight  o'clock,  under  the  command 
of  Captain  Skippon.   The  fourth,  that  Skippon  Fourth, 
fhould  receive  rank  as  Serjeant  Major  General 
of  the   City  Forces,  until  the   City  ordered  it 
otherwife;  and  that  all  the  officers  and  men 
who  fhould  be  of  the  Guard  ferving  under 
him,  were  to  take  the  Proteftationf  before  they 
marched.    The  fifth,  that  eight  pieces  of  ord-  Fifth, 
nance,  with  all  accoutrements  belonging  thereto, 

*  Thefe  all  important  votes  are  now  for  the  firft  time  fet 
down  as  they  were  pafted.     A  copy   of  them  is  in  Verney's  Vemey*s 
Notes  (142-3),  but  lefs  correft  than  that  of  D'Ewes  ;  and  fo  mirtakes. 
unfamiliar  ftill   was  the   name   very  famous  afterwards,  that 
**  Skipworth  "  is  written  in  every  inftance  by  Verney,  inftead 
of  Skippon.     D'Ewes  gives  the  right  name. 

f  For  the  terms  of  the  Proteftation,  fee  RuJJi'-worth,  III.  i. 
241.  And  for  the  names  fubfcribed  to  it  of  the  members  of 
the  Commons  (between  4  and  500)  and  the  Lords  (numbering 
with  the  judges  and  lawyers  106),  Ibid.  244-8.  The  oath  Xhe  Pro- 
taken  included  a  folemn  profefllon  of  determination  to  main-  teftation. 
tain  '*  the  true  Reformed  Proteftant  Religion,  exprefled  in  the 
*•  Dodrine  of  the  Church  of  England,  againft  all  popery 
"  and  popifti  innovation  within  this  realm,  and  alfo  the 
**  power  and  privilege  of  parliaments,  and  the  lawful  rights 
"  and  liberties  of  the  fubje6ls." 


35^ 


Jrreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


fhould  accompany  the  Guard  ;  and  that  all  the 
Trained  Bands  were  to  be  at  their  colours,  under 
Sixth.        Skippon's  command.     The  fixth,  that  Serjeant 
Major   General    Skippon    fhould    not    fail  to 
perform  what  was  ordered  that  day;  and  that, 
until  fuch  fervices  were  ended,   he    was  not  to 
ftir  upon  any  command  or  countermand  what- 
ever,   without     confent     and    diredion    from 
Seventh,    parliament.        The     feventh,     that     Skippon 
and  his  force   were  declared   to  have    power, 
fhould   violence    be    offered,    to    offend    and 
Eighth,     defend.     The  eighth,   that  all   Captains  were 
to  receive  order  to  beat  drum,  de  die  in  diem, 
from  Skippon  himfelf;    and  that   all  foldiers 
fhould  repair  to   their  colours  in  arms.      The 
Ninth.       ninth,  that  all  citizens  who  might  be  difpofed 
to  mount  themfelves  fhould  likewife  be  com- 
manded by  Skippon,  and   that  fuch  would   be 
Tenth.      I^^eld  as  a  moft  acceptable  fervice.      The  tenth, 
that  all   ammunition   neceffary  fhould  be  pro- 
vided out  of  the  Chamber  of  London.     The 
Eleventh,  eleventh,  that  the  Common  Council  Committee 
were  to  be  confidered  free  from  all  commands 
and    arrefts,    and  that  they  fhould  not,   until 
further    leave    obtained    from    the    Houfe  of 
Twelfth.    Commons,  flir  out  of  the  City.     The  twelfth, 
and  laft  Refolution,  declared  that  all  this  fervice 
in  general,  as  well  as  in  every  particular,  Ihould 
be  held  good  and  acceptable  fervice,  and  legal ; 
and  that  it  fhould  be  accounted  to  be  for  the 
fafety  of  the  King,  Kingdom,  and  Parliament. 


§  XXXVII.     Preparations  for  the  Triumph. 


353 


Thefe  votes  having  been  taken  feparately, 
Hampden  was  the  firfl:   to  break  the  filence  Hampden 
which  the  Five  Members  had  obferved  fince  ^P^^^^- 
they    refumed    their   feats.     He    thanked  the 
Committee  for  his  friends  and  himfelf,  craving 
their  good  counfel  as  to  a  matter  it  behoved 
him  to  lay  before  them.     ^'  Divers  thoufands  will  you 
^^  were  coming;  out  of  Buckincrhamfhire  with  ''^^'^^Y^  ^Y 

^  ^         o  ^  ^  o  conftitu- 

*^  a    petition.     The    petition    was   to  declare  ents? 
'^  their  readinefs  to  live  and  die  with  the  Par- 
"  liament,  and  in  defence  of  the  rights  of  the 
"  Houfe  of  Commons.     He  had  to  flate  that 
^'  they  came  in  a  peaceable  manner,  and  that 
'^  he  thought  it  his  duty  to  acquaint  the  Com-  4000  from 
"  mittee  therewith."*     Upon  this,  however,  the  ^^^^^• 
Royalift  members  prefent  appear  to  have  offered 
a  refiftance  hardier  than  any  by  which  the  Refo- 
lutions  were  met.     Very  many,  D'Ewes  in- 
forms us,  fpoke  to  what  Mr.   Hampden  had 
faid ;  and  feveral  would    have    had    the  men 
coming  out  of  Buckinghamfhire  fent  unto  to  Better  go 
have  returned  thither.     But  this  of  courfe  was  ^^^^  • 

*  The  numbers  of  Hampden's  petitioners  are  very  varioufiy  What 
ftated.      *'  As  foon,"  fays  Clarendon,   fpeaking  of  the  day  mimber 
following  the  prefent,   *'  as  the   citizens  and  mariners  were  from 
"  difcharged,  fome   Buckinghamfhire  men,  who  were  faid  to  Bucks? 
**  be    at   door  with   a  petition,  and  had  indeed   waited  upon 
*'  the  triumph  with  a  train  of  four  thoufand  men,  were  called 
"  in  :  who  delivered  their  petition  in  the  name  of  the  inhabi-  Hyde. 
"  tants   of  the  County    of  Buckingham,    and    faid    it  was  Dering. 
"  brought  to  the  town  by  about  fix  fhoufand  men."     ii.  166. 
Dering,  in  the  fame  letter  to  his  wife  in   which  he  ftates  the 
number  at  five  thoufand,  puts  in  a  parenthelis  his  belief  that  Rufh- 
they  were  not  more  than  two  thoufand.     Kufliworth   (iii.  i.  worth  and 
4S6)  reckons  them  at  four  thoufand  j  D'Ewes,  at  five  or  fix  D'Ewes. 
thoufand. 


A   A 


r 


354 

No:  we 

will  hear 
them. 


War  be- 
ginning. 


Hamp- 
den's atti 
tilde  and 
bearing. 


Laft  a6>s 
of  Com- 
mittee. 


JrreJ  of  the  Five  Members. 

over-ruled.     "  The  greater  fenfe  of  the  Com- 
'^  mittee,'' fays  D'Ewes,  <^  being  to  let   them 
"  alone,  becaufe  we  did   not  know  fully  the 
'^  intent.of  their  coming."     It  was  afterwards 
fald  by    Clarendon  that  only  Mr.    Hampden 
fully  knew  that  ;  that   the  levying  of  war  in 
England   dated    from    the    day   when    thofe 
thoufands  outof  Buckinghamfhirewere  invited 
to  tender  their  petition  ;   and  that  whatfoever 
afterwards   was    done,    was    but    the    fuper- 
ftrudure  upon  the  foundations  which  that  day 
were  laid.*     The  remark  is  at  lead  rendered 
more  intelligible  by  the  pifture  D'Ewes  has 
given  us  of  Hampden  on  the  eventful  day.    In 
the  very  moment  of  the  pafllng  of  refolutions 
■  claiming  rights  of  the  executive  for  the  Com- 
mons' Houfe  alone,  to  rife  and  dired  attention 
to  «^  thoufands"  of  his  conftituents  who  had 
ridden  up  from  their  county  to  fhow  readinefs, 
if  need  were,  to  die  for  that  Houfe,  difplayed 
at  leaft  the  colleded  and  determined  fpirit  of 
the  member  for  Buckinghamfhire-f 

Only  two  more  ads  of  the  Committee  are 
recorded  by  D'Ewes.  The  firft  was  a  report 
made  from  the  Irlfh  Committee  by  Sir  Robert 
Harley,  to  the  effed  that  the  Lord-Lieutenant 
of  Ireland  would,  at  their   fuggeftion,  difable 

+  miteiockjn  mentioning  the  arrival  of  thefe  troops  of 
Buckinghamflure  yeomen  (,-,56),  fays  that  they  brought  up  a 
petition^n  behalf  of  their  knight  ot  the  (hue  -  whereof 
"probably   he   was   not   altogether   ignorant   beforehand. 


KJ| 


§  XXXVII.     Preparations  for  the  "Triumph,  355 

from  his  command  Captain  Hide,*  notorious  Captain 
for  his  infolent  demeanour  on  the  day  of  the  ^^^^^^^  * ' 
attempted  arreft.    The  fecond  was  their  anfwer 
to    a  meflage    from    the    Lieutenant    of  the 
Tower.     "  A  meflage,"  fays  D'Ewes,  ^^  came 
**  from    Sir   John    Byron,    declaring    that  he 
"  heard    there   were    fome    complaints    here  Refufal  to 
''  againft  him:   and  that  he  defired  to  know  j^q^j^""^  ^''" 
^^  them,    that   fo  he    might  make  anfwer  to  Byron's 

1  -rxr  r    r    1  •        1  •  rr  meffenger. 

^'  them.  We  reruled  to  give  his  mellengerany 
"  anfwer,  becaufe  he  took  notice  of  what  had 
*^  been  acfled  here,  and  did  not  apply  himfelf 
*^  to  anfwer  by  petition. "f    With  which  cha- 

Why  fhould  he  have  been  ?     The  fame  imputation  is  repeated  Hamp- 
with  addition,  in  a  Royalift  Satire  {fpeech  again/}  Peace  at  den's  fhare 
t/ie  Clofe  Committee).  in  Bucks 

petition. 
Did  I  for  this  my  county  bring 
To  help  their  knight  againft  their  king, 

And  raife  the  firft  fedition  ? 
Though  I  the  bufmefs  did  decline, 
Yet  I  contrived  the  whole  defign, 
And  fent  them  their  Petition. 


A  pafTage  from  the  Petition  will  be  quoted  ihortly,  and  it 
certainly  bears  throughout  the  Hampden  mark  very  vifibly 
ftamped  upon  it.  But  the  charge  implied  is,  that  though  he 
appeared  to  '*  decline  "  the  fervices  of  his  friends,  he  had 
really  in  fecret  '*  contrived  "  them.  It  is  the  old  accufation : 
and  I  name  it  here  that  the  reader  may  fee,  by  Hampden's 
open  and  frank  avowal  before  the  Committee  itfelf,  how 
groundlefs  it  is, 

*  See  Ante  185.  Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  313  b.  D'Ewes's 
exa6l  expreflion  is :  **  that  the  Lord  Lieutenant  would  put 
**  out  Capt.  Hide  as  we  had  defired,  and  that  he  would  fend 
*'  fuch  lifts  of  the  officers  as  we  had  defired." 

f  Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  313  b.  The  refult  finally  was,  that 
Sir  John  Byron  was  difplaced,  and  Sir  John  Coniers,  the  fame 
who  was  feleiled  by  Strafford  for  the  defence  of  Berwick,  and 
whom  Clarendon  (in  a  paflage  of  his  Hiftory,  ii.  172,  fuppreffed 
by  his  fons)  admits  the  King  had   no  other  exception  to  than 

A  A   2 


Falfe 
charge. 


Captain 
Hide. 


New  lieu- 
tenant of 
the  Tower. 


356 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members, 


3  P;ni.       radleriftic  affertion  of  having  maintained  unim- 
paired the  full  plenitude  of  power  with  which 


I oth Janu- 
ary. 

Clofe  of    ^i^e  Houfe  had  inverted  them,  this  famous  Com- 
tee.     ' '   mitee  brought  its  fittings  to  a  clofe.    D*Ewes 

fhut  up  his  note  book  and  quitted  the  Hall  a 

little  after  3  o'clock. 

§  XXXVIII.     Flight  of  the  King. 
3  p.m.  At  almoft  the  fame  hour  when  the  member 

ary!'"^Pro-  ^^^  Sudbury  was  leaving  the  Committee  room 
poiid        in    the   afternoon    of  Monday    the    loth    of 
Kmg.^      January,    Charles    the  Firft    had  formed  the 
determination  to  quit  Whitehall. 

As  the  incidents  of  that  laft  fitting  of  the 

Committee  were    communicated   to   him,    by 

meflengers  who  pafTed  to  and  fro  between  the 

City  and  the  Palace,  in  vain  he  had  attempted 

Acts  of     to   fupprefs  his  agitation.       To   an  obftinate 

u^eToUr'to  incredulity  had  fucceeded  a  difmay  and  bewilder- 

Charles.     ment  the  moft    extreme,   and    long   did   his 

partifans  remember  the  forrowful  humiliations 

of  this    day.     It    was,    fays    Clarendon,   the 

trouble  and  agony  which  ufually  attend  gene- 

ConfefTed    that  he  was  recommended  by  M^w,  was  named  Lieutenant  in 

uliirpa-         his  ftead.     The  Houfe  did  not  affe<5l  to  dilguife   from  them- 

tions.  felves  the   real  drift  and  tendency  of  thefe  interferences  with 

the  executive.      Clarendon  charafl:erifes  their  orders  as  to  the 

Tower  as  '*  an  a61  of  fovereignty  even  of  as  high   a  nature 

**  as  any  they  have  fmce  ventured  upon."  ii.  173.     And  fub- 

ftantially  they  did  not  themfelves  deny  this  :  but,  according  to 

D'Ewes,  it  was  rendered  abfolutely  necelTary  **  in  regard  of 

Why  ne-     <*  the  great  jealoufies  and  diftra6lions  of  London,  the  citizens 

cefTary.        *'  everywhere  fluitting  up  their  ftiops  and  giving  over  trade  " 

in  confequence  of  the  infecurity  of  the  Tower. 


m 


§  xxxviri.     F/ighf  of  the  King, 


357 


rous    and    magnanimous    minds    upon    their 
having  committed  errors.     It  was,  fays  a  lefsHistrou- 
partial  critic,  the  defpicable  repentance  which  difmay. 
attends  the   man,  who,  having  attempted  to 
commit  a  crime,  finds   that  he  has  only  com- 
mitted a  folly. 

His  refolve  at  laft  was  taken  fuddenly.     He  Takes 
might  have  liftened,  comparatively  unmoved,  folve!"  ^^' 
to  the  intelligence  that  the  ftreets  of  his  city 
were  crowded  with  freeholders  and  yeomen  of 
Bucks,  who  had  ridden  up  by  ^^  thoufands  "  to  Crowds 
defend    their    reprefentative    Mr.    Hampden,  ^l^^  ^"^^' 
He  might  have  heard  in  fullen  filence,  if  not 
indifference,     that    fuch    a    gathering    of  the 
common  people  as  had  not  been  witnefled  fince 
the  day  of  Strafford's  execution,  were  about  to 
furround  Whitehall  with  a   petition  to  defend  For  Pym. 
Mr.  Pym."^     It  would  have  mattered  little  to 

*  As  the  copies  of  this  petition,  afterwards  prefented  to  the 
King  at   Windfor,  are   extremely  rare   (it  is  not  among  the  Popular 
King's  Pamphlets,   and   I  have   indeed  never  feen   but   the  Petition, 
fmgle  copy  in  my  own  poflcfllon   which   was  obtained  for  me 
by  the  late  Mr.  Rodd),  a  few  lines  may  be  here  taken  from  it. 
It  deals   with   each  article  of  trealbn    feparately  j    and    thus 
comments  upon  that  which  charged  the  endeavour  to  fubvert 
the  fundamental  laws  :    "  This  feems  contrary,  in  regard  that  Pym*sfup- 
**  hee  hath  laboured  rather  to   ratifie  and  confirm  the  funda-  port  of 
**  mental  lawes  j  in   his  diurnal   fpeeches  ever  fpecifying  his  law. 
**  reall  intent,  as  the   inftitution  and  not  the  diminution  or 
**  fubverfion  of  law.'*     As  to  the  alleged  traitorous  endeavour 
to  fubvert  the  rights  and   very  being  of  parliaments,  this  is 
the  remarkable  and  emphatic  comment:   "To  this  we  may 
"  anfwer  with  great  facility,  Hee  'was  the  chiefe  caufe  that  Author  of 
"  this  parliament  itj as  ajfembledy  and  it  feems  very  incongruous  fj^g  Lon; 
**  that  he  rtiould  fubvert  the  fame.     Moreover  he  is  the  lole  Parlia- 
*'  man  that  ftands  for  the  antient  rights  and  liberties  of  parla-  ment. 
**  ment,  and  it  feems  a  rtupendous  thing  that  he  fliould  afl'ail 
"  the  fame."     While  on  this  fubje«Sl  I  am  tempted  to  add, 


^S 


3S^ 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


Alainilng  him  that  contemptuous  cries  and  hooting  from 
dcfeaions.  ^j^^  populace  Were  audible  at  the  very  gates  of 
his  palace.  But  when  it  was  told  him  that 
fedions  of  every  clafs  of  his  fubjeds  had 
offered  allegiance  and  fervice  to  the  men  whom 
he  had  publicly  branded  as  traitors  ;  that  his 

before  the  D'Ewes  Journal  is  finally  clofed,  fome  evidence  of 
the  abufe,  not  lefs  than  the  pralfe,  of  which  the   great  leader 
had  fo  truly  portentous  a  ftiare  as  well   now  as  to  the  end  ot 
Attacks      the  ftruggle.     While,  from  this  period  to  the  outbreak  ot  the 
on  Pym.      vvar,  his  vail  influence  within  the  Houfe  renders  poor  D'Ewes 
himfelf,  as  his    diflatilfaaion    with   public  affairs    increafes, 
daily  more  and  more    peevilh  and  unhappy,  in  the  Journal 
we  alfo  find   almoft  daily   evidence   of  affaults  to  which   he 
was   fubjeaed   out  of  doors.     Now   (to   take  a  few   inftances 
from    amid   the  events  we  have  been   defcribing)    it  is   the 
*<  Examination  of  Jno.  Sampfon  a  mean  fellow   who  faid   the 
**  kingdom   would  never  be  in  quiet   till  Mr.   Pym   &   fuch 
*'  others  as  he  was  were  hanged.     His   excufe,  that   he  was 
«*  in  drink.      Sent   to    Houfe  of  Correaion.     Sir  A.  Brown 
"  fliowed  that  Mr.  Nelfon,  a  fcandalous  Minifter  in  Surrey, 
"  had     faid     Mr.    Pym    was    neither   a    gentleman    nor    a 
♦Mdiolar."     Harl.  MSS.   163,   377^,385  a-     C)n    another 
day    it     is    an     **  Information    given    againft   two    men   who 
**  Not  a      "  had   faid   the  King   was  no    King    becaufe    he    did    not 
gentleman  "  take  up  arms  againft    the  Scots,  &  that  Pym   was    King 
or  fcho-       "  Pym,  and  that  that  rogue  would  fet  all  the  kmgdom  together 
lar."  "  by  the  ears."—//'.  163,  ff.  322  a,  331  a.     On  a  third  day 

it  is  a   "  Report   from  the  Committee  ot  information  of  one 
"  Thomas  Shawberie,  a  graduate  of  Emanuel  College  about  to 
"  proceed  a  Doaor  of  iPhyfic  this  commencement,  who   had 
*<  yelUr  night  at  the  Crofs  Keys  in  Gratious  Street  called  Mr. 
"  Pym,  a  Member  of  this  Houfe,    '  King  Pym  '  &  '  Rafcal ' 
"   ,  u^"r^     "  &  that  he   would  cut  him  in  pieces  it  he  had  him.''— /^. 
and^Kal-      ^^^^  f.  424.  a.     Let  me  add,  that  out  of  numberlefs  fimilar 
^  tefti'monies  to  Pym's  unexampled  influence  in  the  State,  and  to 

the  royalift  hatred  it  infpired  in  a  meafure  almoft  equal  to 
the  popular  idolatry,  one  of  the  moft  remarkable  will  be  found 
in  a  long  poem  in  Mr.  Wright's  Political  Ballads  of  the  Com- 
monivealt/i  (pp.  30—38,  Percy  Society),  which  bears  for  its 
**  Penitent  title,  **  The  Penitent  Traytorj  or  the  Humble  Confeflion  of 
Traitor."  *<  a  Devonftiire  gentleman  who  was  Condemned  for  High 
<<  Treafon,  and  Executed  atTyborne  for  the  fame,  in  the  raigne 
<<  of  King  Henry  the  Third,  the  nineteenth  of  July  1267." 
Pym  was  of  Somerfetftiire,  but  he  fat  for  Taviftock  in  Devon. 


§  xxxvHi.     Flight  of  the  King. 


359 


mariners  and  feamen,   "  the  water  rats,"  had  "^^^ater- 
deferted    him;    that   the    Trained    Bands    of' 
London  and  Southwark  were   in  arms  againft  Trained 
him  ;  that,  for  the  men  whom  he  would  have  ^^"'^'• 
fent  to  a  public  fcaffold,  fuch  a  public  triumph 
was  preparing  as  only   waits  upon  Conquerors  Triumph 
and  Deliverers;  and  that,  finally,  to  proted  [^'J', J'^'" 
and     confolidate    their    triumph,    and    in    his 
defpite  to  '*  guard  the  Parliament,  the  King- 
"  dom,   and  the  King,"  a  military  force  had 
been  created,  and  military  rank  beftowed — he  a  fudden 
appears  to  have  yielded  all  at  once  to  what  ^^^^^^jl 
is    known  to    have    been    the  counfel  of  the 
Queen,  and  to  have  given  fudden  directions 
for  the  flight. 

''  The  iflue  is,"  wrote  Sir  Edward  to  Lady  SirEdward 
Bering,*  ''  that  the  King  went  fuddenly  out  j.if^^X'' 
^'  of  town  with  the  Queen  and  Prince,  angered 
"  and  feared  with  the  preparation  of  armes  to 
"  attend  us  the  next  day.     Nor  can  I  wonder 
"  at  his  purpofe  therein;   but  approve  it.   ... 
"  The  Commons  go  high  :  and  not  only  the  Commons 
"  Houfe,  but  a   Committee  of  the    Houfe,  ^P^JJf 
*^  have  armed  and  Imbanded  the  King's fubjeds, 
"  not  only  without  his  leave  afked,  but  have 
«^  made    a     Serjeant    Major    General    to    the 
'^  Kinz's  terror.     For  thereupon  he  went  out  ^/King's 

7  •;;     7  ^  T      1       r  "terror." 

''  towney  and  not   till  then,  .  .  .  Jealoulies  are 

"  high,  and  my  heart  pitys  a  King  fo  fleeting  Pity  for 

''  and  fo  friendlefs,   yett  without  one  noted  ^  ''     '"^* 

•  MS.  Letter  (13*''  Jan.  1641-2)  already  quoted  :  ante  48. 


3  6o  Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members, 

Noted        «^vice."     It  is   not  the  *^  noted 'Wices  which 

vices  leis 

dangerous  ^^e  moft  dangerous  in  kings. 

thanfecret.  There  was  doubtlefs  much,  in  the  ''  noted  " 
reafons  for  this  flight  of  a  king  from  the  capital 
of  his  kingdom,  to  awaken  fympathy  from  fuch 
minds  as  Bering's  :  but  more  fecret  reafons 
and  purpofes  betrayed  themfelves  too  foon,  to 
permit  the  moft  ardent  of  the  gentlemen  who 
remained   loyal    to    the    fovereign  to  deceive 

Reafon  for  themfelves  as  to  the  temper  in  which  London 

London.  '^^^  '^^^^  abandoned.  It  was  not  the  fear  of 
being  deferted  by  friends,  but  the  mortifica- 
tion of  being  difabled  from  ftriking  further  at 
enemies.  For  Charles  the  Firft,  the  hope  of  fo 
ftriking  effedively  exifted  now  only  in  the  pro- 
vinces of  his  kingdom.  Away  from  London, 
he  might  purfue  his  fecret  levies ;  and,  while 
the  adual  outbreak  of  war  was  delayed,  his  ab- 
fence  could  not  but  diforganife  the  operations 
of  Parliament.    The  Queen  had  now  refolved, 

A  projea  moreover,  if  flie  could  but  fcrew  her  hufl^and's 

Qulen.       courage  to  the  fticking  place,  to  carry  herfelf 
and  her  children  for  the  prefent  out  of  Eng- 
land, taking  with  her  the  Jewels  of  the  Crown  : 
and  to   leave  London  was  to  accomplilTi   the 
firft  ftage.    The  watchful  vigilance  of  the  Com- 

vigiiance   ^gns  Compelled  the  detention  of  the  princes ; 

mons.  but,  in  little  more  than  three  weeks  from  this 
day,  ftie  had  fucceeded  in  that  moft  material 
part  of  her  dcfign  which  fecured  freedom  of 
adlion  and  fafety  to  herfelf,  until  the  war  ftiould 


Hope  of 

fupport 

elfevvhere 


§  XXXVIII.      Flight  of  the  King. 


361 


really  begin,  and   to  her  huft^and  the  means  Secret  fer- 

of  waging   it   when  once  his  troops  were  in  Penning- 

the  field.     "  By  yours  of  this  week,'*   wrote  ton. 

Sidney    Bere     to     Admiral     Pennington,     "I 

"  perceive  you  are    ready  to  fett  faile    upon 

"  fome  fervice,  wherein  I  pray  God  to  blefle 

"  you  w'^'*  good  fuccefle."     That  was  on  the 

13  th  of  January  ;  and  the  fervice  for  which 

the    Admiral    fo    held   himfelf  thus    early  in 

readinefs,  was  undoubtedly  that  which  on  the 

:23rd  of  February  he  performed,  of  conveying  conveys 

to  the  coaft   of  Holland  the  Queen  and  her  ^'fj^JJj'^ 

daughter,  and  the  Crown  jewels   of  England. 

In  little  more  than  two  months  ftie  had  raifed 

two  millions  fterling. 

The  fame  letter  of  the  under-fecretary  tells  Under 
us  further  what  it  well   imports   us  to  know  to  the  Ad- 
of  the  circumftances  of  the  King's  departure,  '""^rjil: 
After   mentioning  the  triumph  of  the  Com-  ary. 
mons  in  their  return  to  Weftminfter,  he  con- 
tinues :   "  The  King  andQueene  toke  the  day  Reports 
*' before    a   refolution    to    leave    this    towne,  j!^'^?  ^ 

'  night. 

^^  w*>  was  alfoe  foe  fuddaine  that  thev  could 

^'  not  have  that    acomodation    befitted    their 

<f  Maties.     They  went  to  Hampton  Court  that 

*^  night,    next    day    to   Windfor,    whence   its 

'^  confidered  they  will  alfoe  departe  as  this  day, 

'^  but  whither  is  uncertaine.      The  Prince  and 

''  Pr.   Eledor   is   with  them,  but  few  Lords. 

*'  Eflex  and  Holland  being  here,  who  offered  Effex  and 

'^  up  both  their  places  before  his  going,  but  "^^^^"^• 


anu- 


362 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 


Secretary   "  HIs  Maj^^^'  would  not  acccpt  y^  furrender.* 
Nicholas.   ,,  j^^^  Secretary  Nicholas  is  likewife  gone,  and 


Refufals  to 
accom- 
pany the 
King. 


Waiting 
on  Com- 
mittee. 


Final  de- 
fertions. 


A  libel 
upon 


•  Eflex,  it  will   be  remembered,  was  Lord  Chamberlain  of 
the  Houiehold,  and  Holland  Groom  of  the   Stole.     The  fad 
mentioned  by   Bere  confirms  a   portion  of  the   ftatement  of 
Clarendon  (/////.  ii.   163)  that  thefe   officers   of  the   King's 
Houfe  had  been  aiked,  and  had  refufed,  to  quit  London  with 
him.     It  was  not,  however,  until  the  15th  they  applied  to  the 
Lords,  and  received  order  that  "  to  attend  the  high  affairs  of 
*'  the  realme  as  required  by  their  writs  was  truer  fervice  to  His 
"  Majedy  than  any  they  could  do  him  at  Hampton  Court." 
Clarendon   fays    it  was   Holland  who    perfuaded    Effex   not 
to  go  :  but  I   can   find   no  evidence  in  fupport  of  what^  he 
adds,  that,  after  leaving  the   King   to  his  fmall  retinue  in  a 
moft  difconfolate   perplexed  condition,  and  in  more  need  ot 
comfort  and  counfel  than  they  had  ever  known  him, "  inllead 
"  of  attending  their  mafter  in  that  exigent,  t/iey  nxjent  together 
*'  wto  the  City  n.vhere  the  Committee  fat,  and  where  they  v^ere 
**  not  the  lels  welcome  for  being  known  to  have  been  invited 
*<  to  have  waited  upon  their  Majefties."     Holland  was  capable 
of  the  aa,  but  of  Effex  it  is  not  to  be  believed.     I  may  add, 
as  the  point  aflumed  afterwards  fome   importance,  that  one 
of   the    moft    curious  of  many   fimilar  entries    in  D'Ewes's 
Journal  of  this  date   is  one  which   marks  the  period  of  the 
final   and  complete  defertion  of  the  King  by    Holland   and 
Warwick,  when,  caring  no  longer  to  relbrt  to  the  excufe  for 
non-attendance  out  of  town,  which  their  parliamentary  obli- 
gations fairly  fupplied  them  with,  they  ceafed   to  keep  even  a 
fair  face  to  the  King.     On    the  day  when  the  Houfe  voted 
judgment  againft  the  Attorney-General  Herbert  for  having 
preferred  the  articles  of  impeachment,  D'Ewes  himfelf  handed 
in  a  (lip  of  paper  purporting  to   contain   the  declaration   of 
Walter   Lumley,   clothier  of  Lavenham,  Suffolk  ;   fubfcribed 
feemingly  in  Lumley 's  own   hand.     He   ftated  that  he  was 
fitting  in  the  houfe  of  Mr.  Ferdinando   Poulton,    with  two 
others  j    and  that,  they  converfing  together,  the  faid  Poulton 
laid    there    were    fome    verfes    made    about    the    Parliament, 
namely — 

One  cuckold,  two  baftards,  and  a  pack  of  knaves, 
Strive  now  to  make  fubje61s  Princes,  and  Princes  llaves." 


ti 


Effex, 
Holland, 
Warwick, 
and  Pym. 


Who  are  thefe  three,  afked  Lumley,  the  declarant,  for  he  pro- 
tefted  he  knew  not  of  what  was  meant.  To  which  Poulton 
laid  all  the  world  knew  Effex  to  be  a  cuckold,  and  Warwick 
and  Holland  to  be  baftards,  and  that  they  would  make 
Pym  prince.  Having  duly  informed  the  Houfe  of  thefe 
fafts,  and   put  it  in  poffeffion  of  the  document    eftabliftiing 


§  XXXVIII.     Flight  of  the  King, 


3(>3 


cc 
cc 
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cc 
cc 
cc 

C( 

cc 
cc 
cc 


hath  lefte  mee'here  to  attend  fuch  fervices 
as  ihall  occurre,  w"^,  if  the  Kinge  ihall  per- 
fift  in  his  refolution  to  retire,*  will  not  be 
much,  Howfoever  I  will  exped  the  iflue, 
and  if  I  bee  not  fent  for,  thinke  myfelfe 
not  unhappy  in  my  ftay  to  be  freed  of  an 
expencefuU  and  troublefome  journey.  My 
Lady  Nicholas  is  much  afflicted ^  and  I  believe, 
as  well  as  heCy  would  for  a  good  round  Jumme 
hee  had  never  had  the  feales.  My  Lord 
Keeper  refufing  to  -put  the  greate  feale  to  the 
King^s  proclamation  ag^  the  perfons  accufed, 
did  alfoe  fnake  tender  of  his  charge,  but  how- 
foever remaines  ftill  w^'^  it.  And  thus,  Sir, 
you  fee  to  what  heighth  of  diftempers  thinges 
are  come."  f   In  this  fad  condition,  exclaims 


Small 
work  left 
for  Under- 
Secretary, 


Grief  of  a 
Secretary 
of  State's 
wife. 


Lord 
Keeper 
offers  to 
refign. 


the  fame,  D'Ewes  goes  on  to  remark  that  he  took  an  oppor- 
tunity of  telling  the  Earl  of  Holland  what  he  had  done  : 
"  who  very  well  approved  the  fame  with  very  fair  expreflions 
<*  to  me  for  \t:'—Harl.  MSS.  163,  f.  462  b.  I  need  hardly 
add  that  Lord  Effex  is  by  no  means  to  be  put  in  the  fame 
category  with  fuch  men  as  Lord  Holland.  Effex  had  been 
confiftent  throughout,  and  never  concealed  his  popular  views 
and  wifties. 

*  This  expreffion  (by  which  the  Under  Secretary  means 
perfifting  in  the  determination  to  retire  from  Windfor  and 
Hampton  Court  as  well  as  Whitehall)  ffiows  that  the  real 
dtWgn  of  the  King,  not  fimply  to  efcape  the  fight  or  neigh- 
bourhood of  the  Triumph  of  the  Five  Members  on  the  nth, 
but  a6inally  and  wholly  to  quit  London  and  its  vicinity  until 
he  could  return  its  mafter,  had  been  difcuffed  at  Court,  and 
was  already  known  in  the  Secretary's  offices.  The  certain  effeft 
of  fuch  entire  withdrawal,  it  is  alfo  obvious  from  the  remark  of 
Bere,  was  well  underftood  as  an  abdication  of  the  funftions 
of  the  fovereign.  It  will  leave  us  little  to  do  here,  fays  the 
Under  Secretary  to  his  friend  the  Admiral. 

t  MS.  State  Paper  Office.  Bere  to  Pennington  :  13  Jany. 
1641-2.  In  the  fame  letter  the  Under  Secretary  adds  :  **  In 
"  the  mean  time   they   are  united   in  the  Houfes,  and  the 


D'Ewes 

and  Lord 
Holland, 


King's 
flight  not 
temporary, 


Union  in 
Houfes. 


3^4 


Royal  re- 
veries. 


Literary 
entertain- 
ment. 


Letters  not 
fafe. 


Defolate 
court  at 
Windlbr. 


Endymion 
Porter  to 
his  wife  : 
14th  Janu- 
ary. 


Very  old 
llory. 


Arrefl  of  the  Five  Members, 

Clarendon,  was  the  King  f^Ien  in  ten  days,* 
from  a  height  and  greatnefs  that  his  enemies 

"  accorde  between  the  Upper  Houfe  and  Commons  grows 
«'  dayly  more  ealy ....  I  lend  you  herew^**  divers  printed 
'*  bookcs  of  leverall  ftiles,  all  w''*  I  leave  for  yo' entertaynm* 
•*  att  fpare  bowers.  Sir  John  Byron,  Lieut*  of  the  Tower, 
<'  it's  thought  will  yett  be  difplaced  :  the  Parliam'  not  being 
"  fatiffied  w'*'  his  carriage,  and  having,  as  I  am  told,  voted 
♦*  him  a  delinquent  .  .  The  Parliam*,  it  feemes,  having  [have] 
**  taken  into  conlideration  the  fmali  Gard  isattpreftnt  att  fea, 
<'  and  foe  have  voted  30  faile  to  be  fett  out  forthw'^  This  is 
"  all  I  ftiall  trouble  you  w'''  att  prefent,  in  a  time  foe  dlftra6^ed, 
"  antl  wherein  is  foe  little  alfurance  into  what  handes  letters 
''  may  fall.     Yours  I  luimblv  kifle  and  reft,  &c.  &c." 

*  Hift.  ii.  182.  On  that  *'' tenth"  day  the  King  had  gone 
to  Windfor,  and  D'Ewes*s  journal  gives  us  a  glimpfe  of  the 
interior  of  the  palace,  from  the  reported  fpeech  ot  a  rnem- 
ber  of  the  Houfe  who  had  accompanied  a  deputation  with  a 
meflage,  which  feems  to  bear  out  what  is  faid  by  Clarendon. 
'*  They  found,"  faid  Sir  John  Holland,  '*  a  defolate  Court, 
**  and  law  not  any  noblemen,  and  fcarce  thirty  gentlemen.'* 
{Harl.MSS.  162,  f.  359  b.)  A  few  days  later,  when  the 
abfence  of  Endymion  Porter  from  his  feat  (he  reprefented 
Droitwich)  was  matter  of  remark,  the  fame  Sir  John  Holland, 
D'Ewes  tells  us  {lb.  162,  f.  386  b.)  "Hiowed  that  when  he  was 
'*  at  Windfor  with  his  meffuge,  the  faid  Mr.  Porter  informed 
"  him  that  he  was  at  that  time  the  only  man  attending  upon 
"  his  Majefty  in  his  Bed-chamber  to  drels  and  undrefs  him  : 
**  which  was  the  chief  caufe  that  he  could  not  attend  the 
**  fervice  of  the  Houfe:  and  defired  him  to  move  the  Houfe 
"  in  his  beh.ilf  if  anything  fliould  be  faid  againft  him."  To 
which  I  am  fortunately  able  to  add,  out  of  the  rich  unpub- 
lilhed  ftores  of  the  State  Paper  Office,  a  letter  from  Endymion 
Porter  himfelf  to  his  '*  deare  wyfe  Olive  Porter,"  dated  from 
Windfor  on  the  i+th  January,  that  very  "tenth"  day  from 
the  arreft  to  which  Clarendon  refers.  It  prefents  a  pidlure  of 
the  rtraits  of  a  married  courtier  during  inaufpicious  times, 
which  is  pleafing  as  well  as  highly  chara61eriftic  ;  and  very 
curious  is  the  view  that  is  given  us  at  its  dole,  of  the  jealous 
care  with  which  the  King  and  Qjieen  were  now  guarding 
their  children. 

*'  My  dearest  love, — As  for  monnies  I  wonder  you 
"  can  imagin  that  I  ftiould  heipe  you,  but  you  allwayes  looke 
**  for  impoffibilities  from  mee,  and  I  willi  it  were  a  tyme  of 
"  mirrackles,  for  then  wee  might  hope  for  a  Good  Succefs  in 
'*  everie  thing.  Whither  wee  goe,  and  what  wee  are  to  dooe, 
"  I  knowe  not,  for  I  am  none  of  the  Councell :  My  dutie  & 


§  xxxvjii.     Flight  of  the  King, 


3^5 


feared,  to  fuch  a  lownefs  that  his  own  fervants  Gloomy 
durfl:  hardly  avow  the  waiting  on  him  !  pi^iure. 

To  the  gloomy    pifture    another  touch  is 
added  by  a  letter  of  Captain  Shngfby  *  to  his 

**  loyaltie  have  tought  mee  to  followe  my  King  and  Mafter, 
"  and  by  the  Grace  of  God  nothing^  fliali    divert  mee  from  q-      11 
"it;  I  could  wifh  you  and  your  Children  in  a  fafe  place,  but   V^"^^^ 
**  why  Woodhall  rtiould  not  bee  foe  I  cannot  yet  tell.    I  could  ^    ^  f- 
"  likewife  wifli  my  cabinetts  and  all  my  other  thinges  were  at  ^^""*^^- 
"  Mr.  Courteenes — but  if  a  verrie  difcrcete  man  bee  not  there 
**  and  take  the  advife  ©f  the  joyner  to  convaye  them  thither, 
*'  theye  will  bee  as  much   fpoilde  in  the  carridge  as  w***  the  Pear  of 
*' rabble.     Deareft  love,  to  ferue  God   well    is   the   waye   in  «  rabble' 
**  eueriething  that   will  leade  us    to  a  happie  end,   for  then 
**  hee  will  blefs,  and  deliver  us  owt  of  all   troubles  :   I  praye 
I*  you  have  a  care  of  your  felfe,   and   make  much  of  your 
"  children,  and   I   prefume  wee   fhall  bee   merrie  and  enioye 
"  one  another  long.     I  writt  to  you   and  fent   the  letters  by 
**  Nick  on  tuefdaye,  but  that  rogue  is  drunke,   and  I  heare 
not  of  him.   If  you  remember  my  fervice  to  M"  Eures,  and 


*|  no^ve  ancCl  enuie  their  happines,     I  pi  aye  "you"'  fetrt'his  thdf  chil 

berer  cum  to  me  agame,   when  you  heare  where  wee  reft  :  Hr^n 
*'  and  foe  Godnighte,  fweete  Noll. 

'*  ¥«•  true  frend  and  moft  loving  huft)and, 

,,  ___.    ,^  *'  Endymion  Porter. 

Wmdfor  this  14th  of  Januarie  1641." 

I  may  add  a  further  very  notable  illuftration,  from   an  un-       " 
pubhflied  letter  of  Bering's,  of  the  difficulties  and   hardfhips 
now  mcident  to  the  courtier's  trade.    "  The  times,"  he  writes  Defperate 
to  his  wife^'  are  defperate,  and  £100  in  hand  may  quickly  times 

be   worth    £100   per  annum.     Will.   Gibbes  wrote  yefter- 
'  night  for  my  advice.     He  would   faigne   attend  the  Kino- 
^^  with  his  peifon,    as  other  Cavaliers  do:  but  his  purfe  is 
a  T^^?',,^"'^  J'^^  ^'"g  ^'*^e  P««re  that  he  cannot  feed  them  Kind's 

that  follow  him.  I  was  told  that  the  prince  one  night  poverty 
'*  %yanted  wine,  and  another  candles."  By  the  Prince  nfuft  ^  ^* 
be  intended  the  Prince  Eleaor. 

*  As  this  is  probably  the   laft  time  I  fhall  have  to  refer  to 
Captain  Slingftjy,  I  may  mention  that  on  the   Reftoration  he  SlJncrfbv 
was  made  a  Baronet  and  Comptroller  of  the  Navyj  that  he  is  and  Penv. 
frequently  referred  to  in  Pepys's  Diary  j  and  that,  in  recording  ^^  * 

his  death  at  the  clofe  of  Oaober  ,661,  Pepys  fpeaks  of  him  as 
a  man  that  loved  me,  and  had  many  qualitys  that  made  me 


3(>^ 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 


SHngfby 
to  Pen- 
nington : 
14th  Janu- 
ary. 


Unexpe6t- 
cd  change 
ofpofitlon. 


Officers 
following 
the  King. 


Lunfford 

at  Kingl- 
ton. 


Admiral  one  day  later,  on  the  1 4th  of  January, 
which  reveals  fomewhat  more  of  the  alarm  and 
danger  of  the  time.      He  defcribes  what  had 
happened  fince  the  famous  day  at  Guildhall  ; 
and  how  that  he,  and  all  who  accompanied  the 
King   on    the    4th,    were  now    fet    apart  and 
''  efteemed  criminals,'*  while  the  gentlemen  ac- 
cufed  of  treafon  pafled  with  greater  honour  and 
applaufe  than  ever,  having  been  brought  back 
magnificently  guarded  to  their  feats  at  Weft- 
minfter.       '^  The   King  the  day   before,''  he 
continues  (I  omit  his  allufion  to  the  Bucking- 
hamfhire  horfemen  who  had  ridden  up  to  town 
to  offer  their  fervice  to  the  Parliament),  "  w^'^ 
"  the  Queene    and    all   their    children,    went 
"  away   difcontentedly,     attended     not    with 
'^  many  lords  or  old  courtiers,   but  with  the 
'^  officers  of  the  late  army  in  good  numbers. 
''  He  went  firft  to  Hampton  Court,  then  to 
"  Windfor:   this  day   removed   from    thence, 
<^  whither  I    knowe    not:    but   fome   fay    to 
'^  Portfmouth,    others    to    Woodftocke,    and 
*'  from  thence  to  Yorke.       There  was  yefter- 
''  day  a  great  feare  in  the  Cittie  by  reafon  it 
''  was  reported  that  Coll.  Lunfford  had  made 
^'  proclamation   in  Kingftone  for  all    of  the 
'^  Kinge's  party  to  come  to  him.     If  any  fuch 


''  to  love  him,  above  all  the  officers  and  commiflioners  in  the 
Carterett.  <<  Navy."  D'lar^  (ed.  1854.)  i.  229.  Captain  Carterett,  though 
an  older  man,  lurvived  Slinglby  eighteen  years.  He  did  im- 
portant Royalift  lervice  during  the  Civil  War,  and  obtained 
high  rank  as  well  as  feveral  lucrative  employments  at  the 
Reiteration . 


5>  XXXVI I  r.     Flight  of  the  King. 


367 


"  thinges  were,  I  believe  it  was  but  fome  "Drunken 
*^  drunken  flourifh.  of  fome  of  thofe  fouldiers  ^^^^  ' 
'^  that  followed  the  King  :  yett  the  Houfe 
*^  hath  fent  order  to  the  Sheriffs  to  apprehend 
"  them,  and  have,  as  I  heare,  fent  likewife  to 
"  Portfmouth  to  forbid  the  admittance  of  any 
"  fuch  into  the  towne,  as  may  breed  tumult 
''  there."* 

Capt.  Slingfby  makes  light  of  the  Lunfford  Sufpjcious 
proclamation  as  a  'drunken  flourifh,"  but  he  tions. 
yet  connedls  it  with  the  foldiers  who  were  fol- 
lowing the    court, j"  and   we    have  feen  with 
what  defigns  at  this  time,  at  leafl  not  unknown 
to  the  King,  Clarendon  couples  Lunfford's  and 
Digby's  names.  J   Except  for  Charles  the  Firfl's  Digbyand 
exprefs  difapproval  on  the  fcheme    being  fub-  ^""""^^• 
mitted  to  him,  he  tells  us  that  the  accufed  mem- 
bers would  either  have  been  feized  and  taken 

*MS.  State  Paper  office.   Slingfby  to  Pennington  :  i/j.Jany. 
164.1-2.     The  clofe  of  the  letter  is  very  chara(5leriftic.    '*  All  Agree- 
**  thinges  go  now  currantly  on  in  the  Parlament  with  out  any  ment  in 
'*  apparent  oppofition  :  the  malignant  partie  having  all   left  Houfes. 
"  the  towne:  only  the  Tower  doth  yett  breede  fomejealoufies. 
"  The  Left'  refufeing  to  come  to  the  houfe,  being  fent  for  : 
"  and   refufmg  to  take  the  Proteftation  w'^'*  was  fent  to  him.  One  ex- 
"  Some  Vi6luals  going  to  the  Tower  were  flopped,  and  this  ception. 
*'  day  I  heare  it  is  abfolutely  blockt  up  :    the  feamen  have 
**  ofFerd  their  fervice  to  batter  it.     A  day  or  two  fince  it  was 
"  foe    dangerous    faying    anything,  y»  a  man   could  not  be 
"  afTured  of  his  life  in  fpeaking  anything.     Fa6iions  were  fo 
**  hott.     But  now  the  Language  of  the  Par:  is  only  currant.  Fa6lions 
"  I  pray  God  fend  us  better  unitie,  but  I  can  hardly  expeft  fubfiding. 
**  it:  though  I  thinke  there  are  twice  as  many  plotts  dif- 
"  covered  and  printed  than  are  really  contrived." 

t  Clarendon  alio  flates  (ii.  163)  that  befides  his  own 
gentlemen,  "  thirty  or  forty ''of  the  officers  of  the  Whitehall 
Guard  alfo  attended  him. 

J  Ante,  205,  288,  322. 


368 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


%  XXXIX.     Return  of  the  Five  Members. 


3h 


Reje61ed 
plan 
againft 
Five 

Members. 


Qiieen's 
reproach 
to  King 
for  its  re- 
je6\ion. 


Charles  I. 
quits  Lon- 
don. 


cc 


cc 


Never  to 
return  as 
King. 


Guizot's 
Hiftory. 


to  prifon,  or  left  dead  in  Coleman  Street ;  and 
it  is  certain  that  the  King's  reje6lion  of  either 
this,  or  fome  other  plan,  which  he  had  been 
difpofed  to  entertain  on  the  firfl:  failure  of  the 
arreft,  was  made  matter  of  warning  to  him  in 
later  years.  "You  fee,"  wrote  the  Queen, 
urging  him  afterwards  to  as  rafh  an  enterprife, 
"what  has  happened /rd?;;/  not  having foUo'wed 
''  yonrfirft  rejolutions  when  you  declared  the  Five 
Members  traitors.  Let  that  ferve  you  for  an 
example,  and  dally  no  longer  with  confulta- 
"  tions/'* 

Under  fuch  advice  is  the  ill-fated  King 
abandoning  the  metropolis  of  his  Kingdom. 
He  confidently  believed  that  he  fhould  foon 
return  to  it  as  its  mafter,  but  he  never  again 
faw  Whitehall  until  he  was  led  through  it  to 
the  fcaffold.  Before  4  in  the  afternoon  he 
ftepped  into  his  coach  with  the  Queen  and 
their  children,  called  to  the  window  the 
Captain  of  the  Trained  Bands  who  had  been 
in  attendance  at  the  palace  during  the  laft  two 
eventful  months,  thanked  him  for  what  he 
had  done,  and  drove  oiT  to  Hampton  Court.f 

*  Harl.  MSS.  7379.  Quoted  in  the  Fairfax  Corrc- 
fpondence,  ii.  335. 

•f-  Let  me  refer  the  reader  who  i*  not  acquiintcd  with  the 
book  to  M.  Guizot's  lately  revifed  and  enlarged  edition  of  his 
Hi/hire  de  la  Revolution  J'Angleterre.  I  know  of  no  narrative 
of  the  incidents  of  Charles  the  Firft's  reign,  within  the  fame 
compafs,  at  all  comparable  to  it  for  fulness,  accuracy,  and 
pidlurelquenefs.  The  account  of  the  incidents  under  notice 
is  a  delightful  fpecimen  of  narration,  clofe  and  fpirited  ;  the 
obfervations   are  always    thoughtful,   confiderate,    and   tem- 


And  now,    to    adopt  the  expreftion  of   Cla-  The  Five 
rendon,  it   only    remained   to  place  the   Five  {'hdr 
Members  '^  on  their  thrones,"'  "thrones." 

§  XXXIX.  Return  OF  THE  Five  Members. 

Tuesday  the  eleventh  of  January,  1641-2,  Tuefday, 
was  a  clear  bright  winter  day,  and  never  had  "^^^J^""- 
the  great  river,  or  either  of  its  fhores,  pre- 
fented  fuch  a  fcene  as  had  there  been  vifible 
fince  day  break,  from  London  Bridge  to  Weft-  March  of 
minfter'ftairs.      By  land,    the    City   Trained  j^^^^^^ 
Bands    on  the    one  ftiore,  and  on   the  other 
the  Trained  Bands  of  Southwark,  lined  the 
road  up  to  the  very  avenues  of  the  Commons' 
Houfe;  and    by   water,    guarding  that    filent  Guard  by 
highway  through  which  the  members  were  to  '^^^^^• 
pafs,  appeared  on  either  fide,  connedling  both 
the   bridges    in    two    compacfl   and  glittering 
lines,  a  fleet  of  vefi^els  and  long  boats,  armed 
with    ordnance,  and  ^'  drefled  up  with  waift- 
'*  clothes  and  ftreamers  as  ready  for  ficrht."* 
On  all    fides  the  afpedt  of  a  feftival  ;    eager  Great 
animation,  movement,  light,  and  colour :  but  ^^^^^^^• 
no  mere  holiday  gaiety.  Blendingwith  whatever 
could  give  brilliancy  to  the  fcene,  were  figns 
everywhere  of  the  folemn  and  earneft  work  in  No  mere 
hand.     The  men  who  ferved  the  ordnance  on  ^""^'^^y- 
board  the   vefiels   ftood   with   their    matches 

perately  juft  ;    and  the  ftyle  throughout  is  charming.     This 
enlarged   edition    has    been   fairly    translated    by  Mr.  Scoble 
(Ed.  Bentley:   2  vols.  8vo.  1854). 
*  Clarendon,  Hijh  ii.  164. 


B   B 


■»;-*^»C;^*a;COTB..:  ■ 


0/ 


Soldiers' 
pikes  and 
mulkets ; 


carrying 
printed 
votes  of 
Houfes. 


^rrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

lighted ;    and,   fixed  upon    the    pikes    of  the 
foldiers,    attached    to   their  mufkets,    flapping 
round    their   enfigns    and  colours,  looped  in 
their  hats,  or  faftened  on  their  breads,   were 
printed    copies    of    the    folemn    Proteftation, 
which  bound  all  who   took  it  to  the  rendering 
up  life  itfelf  on  behalf  of  the  liberties  of  Par- 
liament and  the  maintenance  of  the  Proteftant 
religion.*     Manned  by  officers  and  feamen  of 
the  navy  who  had  volunteered  this  fervice,  one 
of  the  largeft  and  rlcheft  of  the  City  Companies* 
Barges  had  been  provided  and  fitted  for  the 
Five  Members  ;  and  in  this,  at  midday,  they 
embarked  "from  the  Three  Cranes," f  and  fo 
returned  to  the  feats  from  which   their  fove- 
reign  had   vainly    hoped    to   banifh   them  for 
ever.     ''They   returned,"  wrote  the  Under- 
Secretary  to   Pennington,   *'  with   fuch  multi- 
tudes as  had   '^  far  more  of    Triumph   than 
"  Guard ;  and  the  feamen  made  fleetes  of  boates 
''  all  armed  with   mufquetts  and   murdering 
"  pieces,  w^''    gave  voUees  all   the  way    they 


What  *  "There  was  one  circumftance,"  fays  Clarendon,   "not 

Clarendon  "  ^o  "^^^  forgotten  in  the  march  of  the  City  that  day,  when 
law. 


Embarka- 
tion at 
"  Three 
Cranes." 


Under- 
Secretary's 
account. 


**  the  ftiow  by  water  was  little  interior  to  the  other  by  land, 
"  that  the  pikemen  had  faftened  to  the  tops  of  their  pikes,  and 
"  the  reft  in  their  hats,  or  their  bofoms,  printed  papers  of  the 
"  Proteftation  which  had  been  taken  and  enjoined  by  the 
*'  Houfe  of  Commons,  the  year  before,  for  the  defence  of  the 
**  privilege  of  Parliament ;  and  many  of  them  had  the  Printed 
'*  Votes  of  the  King's  breaking  their  privileges  in  his  coming 
"  to  the  Houfe  and  demanding  their  members."  ii.  i66. 
D'Ewes  will  be  found  to  notice  this  alio, /»o//,  364. 
f  RuJJi^-wort/ij  III.  i.  484. 


371 

Welcome 
at  Weft- 
minfter. 


Entrance 

into 

Houfe. 


Pym 

thanks  the 
City. 


^  XXXIX.     Return  of  the  Five  Members. 

''  went."*  Arrived  at  Weftminfter,  the  en- 
thufiaftic  applaufes  of  the  people  who  had 
crowded  to  give  them  welcome,  outrang  even 
the  clattering  difcharges  of  ordnance  which 
faluted  them  as  they  landed.  They  pafled  up 
the  flairs,  and  into  the  lobby  of  the  Houfe. 

The  Speaker  and  the  members  flood  up 
as  the  Five  entered  and  took  their  accuflomed 
places.  The  inflant  after,  all  the  Five  arofe, 
and  while  Hampden,  Hollis,  Hafelrig,  and 
Strode  flood  filent  and  uncovered,  Pym  ten- 
dered in  the  mofl  earneil  language  their  hearty 
thanks  to  the  citizens  of  London.  He  faid 
that  he  could  not  but  refer  to  the  unexampled 
fcene  they  had  that  day  witnefTed.  Such  had 
been  the  kindnefs,  the  affedion,  they  had  found 
in  the  City,  that  if  the  mode  of  exprefTihg  it, 
on  this  extraordinary  occafion,  had  been  fome- 
what  unufual,  the  honour  of  the  Houfe  was 
neverthelefs  engaged  to  protedl  and  defend  the 
citizens  againft  all  poffible  confequences  thereof. 
The  words  (reported  by  Clarendon)t  are  ex- 
tremely flriking ;  and  mofl  fignificant  was  the 
appeal  they  involved  from  one  fupreme  power 

*  MS.  State  Paper  Office.  Sidney  Bere  to  Pennington,  1 3th  Bere  to 
January,   1641-2.      The  title   begins  :    ''  The    laft    weeke  I  Pennin 
'*  told  you  but  the  beginning  of  thofe  bad  enfuing  newes  wee  ton  ; 
"  muft  now  dayly  expe^f ,  unleffe  it  pleafe  God  to  give  a  ftrange,  1 3th  Janu 
*'  if  not  miraculous  change,  whereby  to  fettle  thediftraaion  of  ary. 
"  affaires.     The  Committee  fitting  all  laft  weeke  in  y«=  Citty, 
•*  returned  againe  to  Parliament  on  Tuefday,  and  the  perfons 
**  accufed  w^'»  them,  for  whom  both  citty  and  country  have 
**  ftiown  foe  much  aff'eaion  1  '* 

t  Hiji,  ii.  165. 

B  B  2 


Striking 

expreflioRS 

ufed. 


cr. 
i3 


( 


372 


Jrreji  of  the  Five  Members, 


Impreflion 
made  on 
Royallft 
member. 


Would 
you  be 
King 
Charles  or 
King 
Pym  ? 


Letter  of 
Sir  Ed- 
ward 
Dering. 


Guard 
againil  no 
enemy. 


Members 
thought 
Hill  in 
danger. 


in  the  State,  to  another  which  was  to  aflume 
from  that  day  a  more  than  equal  fovereignty. 
Some  idea  of  the  impreflion  made  upon  even 
a  member  of  the  Houfe  who  fympathifed  with 
the  King,  appears  in  what  Sir  Edward  Dering 
now  wrote  to  his  wife.  ''  If  I  could  be  Pym 
"  with  honefly,  I  had  rather  be  Pym  than  King 

"  Charlesr^ 

In  the  fame  letter,  written  the  next  day  but 
one  after  the  great  feftival,  the  member  for  Kent, 
after  telling  his  wife  that  "  hcere  have  been  five 
"  thoufand  petitioners  out  of  Buckingham- 
"  fhire  to  offer  their  lives  to  execute  our  com- 
"  mands,"  proceeds  to  tell  her  further,  that  by 
the  help  of  God  fhe  was  not  to  fear  for  his 
perfonal  fafety,  for  that  many  thoufands  had 
guarded  them  on  the  Tuefday,  and  that  each 
day  now  the  Houfe  itfelf  was  provided  with  a 
fufficicnt  Guard  "againft  no  enemy."  But  fome 
members  of  the  Houfe  had  been  in  danger, 
and  how  could  any  fingle  member  in  future  be 
reckoned  fife  ?  In  vain  did  even  this  loyal 
knight  of  the  (hire  for  Kent,  notorious  for  his 
refiftance  to  the  Remonftrance,  affure  and  re- 
affure  his  friends  down  in  his  native  county. 
''  Mr.  Bullock  came  and  offered,"  he  writes, 
<^  with  his  friends,  to  be  my  perfonall  Guard.  I 
^^  refufed  itt,  but  could  not  perfuade  him  from  my 
*'  fde,  from  morning  to  night,  unlefs  in  the 
ry  Houfe.'"     The  incident  better  explains 


vs^ 


MS.  Letter  before  referred  to,  48,  and  358. 


§  xxxix.     Return  of  the  Five  Members, 


373 


what  the  feeling  was,  which  had  brought  thou-  Why 
fands  out  of  Buckinghamfhire  to  the  fide  of 


men  came. 


Mr.  Hampden. 

When  Pym  had  ceafed  fpeaking,  and  when  Thanks 
there    had    been    called    in,    fucceflively,    the  sLaker. 
Sheriffs  of  London,  the  Mafl:ers  and  Officers  of 
fliips,  and  Serjeant  Major-General  Skippon,  to 
receive  thanks  from  Mr.  Speaker,  Hampden's 
colleague  in  the  reprefentation  of  Buckingham- 
fliire  (Mr.  A.  Goodwin)  arofe,  and  begged  of  Speech  by 
the  Houfe  that  fuch  of  the  gentry   of  that 
county  as  had  been  appointed  to   bear  their 
petition*   might    be   called    in  to  deliver    it. 


Goodwin. 


*  Theopeningfentencesof  this  petitIon,which,if  not  written 
by  Hampden,  may  be  fafely  taken  as  the  exaft  expreflion  of  his 
views,  are  charaftcriftic  and  worth  quoting:  *'That  whereas, 
'*  many  years  paft,  we  have  been  under  very  great  preflures,  for 
'*  nxihich  are  clearly  fet  forth  in  the  late  Remonftrance  of  the 
**  Houfe  of  Commons  \  the  Redrefs  whereof  hath  for  a  long 
'*  time  been  by  you  endeavoured  with  unwearied  pains,  tlio' 
"not  with  anfwerable  fuccefs ;  having  ftill  your  endeavouri 
**  fruftrated  or  retarded,  and  we  deprived  of  the  fruit  thereof, 
*•  by  a  malignant  failion  of  Popifh  Lords,  Bifhops,  &  others  j 
'*  and  now,  of  late,  to  take  from  us  all  that  little  hope  which 
'*  was  left  of  a  future  Reformation,  the  very  Being  of  the 
"  Parliament  (haken  j  and,  by  the  mifchievous  pra6^ices  of 
"  moft  wicked  counfcllors,  the  privileges  thereof  broken  in 
'  an  unexampled  manner,  and  the  members  thereof  unaflTured 
ot  their  lives,  in  whofe  fafety  the  fafety  of  us  and  our 
*'  Pofterity  is  involved  :  We  hold  it  our  duty,  according  to 
"  our  late  proteftatlon,  to  defend  and  maintain  the  fame 
"  Perfons  and  Privileges,  to  the  uttermoft  expenfc  of  our  lives 
'*  and  ertates."  The  laft  fentence  is  alio  remarkable.  After 
ftating  fuch  meafures  againft  evil  counfellors  as  they  believe 
to  be  called  for,  they  clofe  thus  :  "  Without  all  which,  your 
*'  Petitioners  have  not  the  leall  hope  of  the  kingdom's  peace, 
'*  or  to  reap  thofe  glorious  advantages,  which  the  fourteen 
"  months  Seed-time  of  your  unparallelled  endeavours  have 
*'  given  to  their  unfatiffied  expedations."  A  fimilar  peti- 
tion was  taken  to  the  King  at  Windfor  two  days  after 
this  was  delivered  to  the  Commons.     Nor  was  it  the  Bucks 


Bucks 
petition  to 
Houfe, 


Views  held 
by  Hamp- 
den. 


Petition  to 
King. 


■•<*»■«»  ^iSJW&S 


374 

Bucks 
petition 
brought 
in. 


Its  guard 
of  6000. 


Crowd  and 
prefTure  in 
lobby. 


D'Evvcs 

in  Welt- 
mi  nftcr 
Hall. 


'*  Little 

fquare 

banners." 


Other 
counties 
petition 
the  King. 


Jrrejl  of  the  Five  Members, 

Whereupon,  the  fame  being  aflented  to,  the 
petition  was  brought  in,  and  they  who  bore  it 
informed  the  Houfe  that  it  had  been  accom- 
panied to  the  town  by  above  fix  thoufand 
men,  not  one  of  whom  but  was  ready  with 
their  lives  and  fortunes  to  defend  them,  the 
honorable  members  of  the  Commons,  or,  if 
need  were,  againft  whomfoever  fhould  in  any  fort 
illegally  attempt  upon  them,  to  die  at  their  feet. 
*^  And  then,"  fays  D*Ewes,  ^^  they  withdrew 
^'  out  of  the  Houfe:  but  they  were  fo  many, 
*'  and  the  prefs  was  fo  great  in  the  Lobby  and 
^^  room  next  without  the  door,  that  they  were 
'^  a  good  while  before  they  could  get  out/'* 

D'Ewes  followed  them,  and  went  to  walk 
a  while  in  Weftminfter  Hall.  There,  cluftered 
in  various  groups,  flood  citizens  of  the 
Trained  Bands  belonging  to  the  eight  com- 
panies who  had  guarded  the  Members  that  day. 
And  D'Ewes  noted  upon  the  tops  of  their  pikes, 
hanging  like  little  fquare  banners  in  the  now 
ftill  and  quiet  air,  copies  of  the  Proteftation 
for  defence  of  parliament  and  maintenance  of 
religion. f 

men  alone  who  thus  followed  the  King  to  his  retire- 
ment. Others,  according  to  Clarendon,  promptly  followed  the 
example:  *♦  Though  the  King  had  removed  himfelfoutof 
'*  the  noife  of  Wellminitcr,  yet  the  efFe^s  of  it  followed  him 
♦  <  very  clofe  j  for  befides  the  Buckinghamfhire  petitioners,  who 
"  alarumed  him  the  fame  or  the  next  day  after  he  came  to 
"  Hampton  Court,  fe'veral  of  the  fame  nature  nxjere  e'very 
^^  day  prefented  to  him,  in  the  name  of  other  counties  of  the 
**  kingdom.^'' — Hijl,  ii.  176. 

*  Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  317  b.  f  /^.  162,  f.  318  a. 


§  XXXIX.     Return  of  the  Five  Members, 


olS 


Meanwhile,  before  the  Houfe  rofe,  between 
7  and  8  on  that  "  ever  to  be  remembered  "  Departure 
day,  the  departure  of  the  King  from  London  noted  "^ 
had  been  remarked  upon  by  honorable  mem- 
bers, and  the  matter  was  referved  for  debate 
until  the  following  morning.    Accordingly,  on  Queftion 
that  Wednefday  the  1 2th,  the  Chancellor  of  the  pLg "  ' 
Exchequer  wiflied  to  know  if  he  fhould  move 
his  Majefty  to   return    to   London,  to  come 
to  a   proper    underftanding  ^.      But  Sir    John 
Culpeper  failed  to  elicit  any  fatiffacflory  reply. 
Again,  next  morning,  Thurfday  the  13th,  the 
queftion    was    renewed ;  and,   fays    D*Ewes,*  Qiieftion 
"  Sir  Henry  Cholmely  moved  that  we  fhould  H^^nry 
"  fend    to   his  Majefty   to   exprefs    our   grief  ^^^^"^^^y- 
''  for   his  abfenting  himfelf  from  us,  and  to 
"  defire  him  to  return,  and  to  conceive  that 
"  we  are  his  beft  and  fureft  guard.     But  Mr.  Anfwered 
"  Denzil    Mollis  flood  upy  and  /aid ^  that  till  noWh!^' 
'^  himfelf  and  the  other  members  of  this  Houfe 
*^  accufed  of  High  Treajon  were  cleared,  and  the 
*^  violation  of  the  privileges  of  this  Houfe  in  their 
"  perfons  were  redrejjed " 

My  Narrative  clofes  here.  The  blank  left  is  Clofe  of 
D'Ewes's  own;  and  what  yet  there  might  have  "^''^^*''''* 
remained  to  tell,  is  better  exprefled  in  that  elo- 
quent filence.  Of  one  of  the  moft  memorable  in- 
cidents in  our  Englifti  hiftory,  more  than  enough 
will  perhaps  be  thought  to  have  been  faid  in 
thefe  pages.     But  it  had  confequences  which 

•  Harl.  MSS,  162,  f.  329  b. 


*w«;  „.,,.. .S.g?P?SEt~^ 


Queftfon 
not  fettled 
in  one 
genera- 
tion. 


Struggle 
of  Com- 
mons 
againft 
Crown . 


Why  fuc- 
cefHul. 


376  Arreji  of  the  Five  Members, 

were  not  determined  even  when  the  ftruggle 

of  that  generation  ceafed,  and  its  acflors,  noble 

and    ignoble,   were   alfo    pafTed    into    filence. 

Every  popular  privilege  won  by  the  Commons 

in    the    long    fubfequent    ftruggle    with    the 

Crown,  owed  fomething    to  this    firft    grand 

conflic5l  :   and  if  their    rights  and  powers  are 

at  laft  harmonioufly  adjufted,  it  is  becaufe,  in 

the  momentous  fcenes  which  have  been  here 

defcribed,  violence  in  the  Chief  of  the  State 

was   at   once  met  by  prompt  refiftance ;  and 

allegiance  to  a  fovereign  who  had  broken  the 

laws,  was  held  of  lefs  account  than  that  higher 

allegiance  which    all  good  men  owe  to  their 

country  and  to  pofterity. 

§  XL.     Conclusion. 

members  a  ^^  "^^  introduftory  remarks  it  was  ftated 
deliberate  that  the  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members  was  no 
^*^-  exceptional  ad:  on  the  part  of  Charles  the  Firft, 

extreme  and  violent  as  it  was,  but  ihowed 
a  ftrid  agreement  with  what  had  gone  before 
it ;  and,  happily  for  thofe  againft  whom  it  was 
aimed,  only  baffled  its  own  deliberate  and  well- 
planned  defign  by  betraying  it  prematurely. 
The  juftification  of  the  leaders  of  the  Com- 
mons for  the  courfe  they  immediately  took, 
with  all  its  daring  refponfibilities,  confifted 
Only  to  be  folely  in  this.     Force  was  to  be  met  bv  force  • 

met  one  j       1  /^i       1  ' 

and  when  Charles   and   his   armed  attendants 
pafTed  through    the  lobby  of  the   Houfe  of 


How 

baffled. 


met  one 
way 


I 


§  XL.     Conclujion, 

Commons  on  the  4th  of  January,  the  Civil 
War  fubftantially  had  begun.  Clarendon  him- 
felf  admits  as  much  when  he  calls  it  ^^the  moft 
'^  vifible  introduction  to  all  the  mifery  that 
*^  afterwards  befell  the  King  and  Kingdom."* 

The  arreft  of  the  Five  Members  was  the  final 
ftage  of  the  ftruggle  againft  the  Grand  Remon- 
ftrance.  That  Appeal  to  the  nation  was  de- 
figned  to  exprefs  the  danger  which  had  arifen  to 
the  popular  caufe  from  defedions  of  its  former 
fupporters,  to  exhibit  the  paft  as  a  warning  for 
the  future,  plainly  to  fet  forth  the  prefent  in- 
fecurity  of  every  conceftion  that  had  been 
wrung  from  the  King,  and  to  invoke  the 
People  to  defend  and  keep  what  had  been  won 
for  them  fo  hardly.  The  Arreft  was  a  violent 
effort  to  reverfe  the  eleven  votes  by  which  the 
vi(5lory  was  achieved,  and  to  conftitute  the 
leaders  of  the  minority,  to  whom  the  higheft 
offices  in  the  State  had  meanwhile  been  given, 
mafters  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons.  The 
iflue  was  a  plain  one,  and  admitted  only  of  the 
harfti  arbitrament  to  which  finally  it  was 
brought. 

If,  indeed,  it  had  been  poftible  to  believe 
that  it  was  in  the  nature  of  Charles  the  Firft  to 
have  left  it  honeftly  to  fuch  men  as  Falkland, 
Culpeper,  and  Hyde  to  adminifter  the  Govern- 
ment fubjedl  to  fuch  conceftions  and  fafeguards 
as  had  been  wrefted  from  the  prerogative  during 

*  State  Papers  :  Supplement  to  voL  iif.  p.  Iv. 


77 


The  Civil 
War  be- 
gun by  it. 


Its  con- 

ne(5iion 

with 

Remon- 

ftrance. 


Defign  of 
Remon- 
llrance  : 


objeil  of 
Arreft : 


to  make 
tlie  mino- 
rity maf- 
ters of  the 
Houfe. 


Improba- 
ble cafe. 


it 


t 


»  t 


378 


Peculiar 
opinions 
of  King. 


Nullity  of 
ftatutes  in 
bar  of  pre- 
rogative. 


All  recent 
afts  in 
peril. 


AHent 
under  com- 
pulfion 
void. 


Dangerous 
logic. 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members, 

the  pafl:  year,  there  might  have  been  a  cafe 
agalnft  the  adoption  of  meafures  which  forbade 
the  poflibility  of  compromife.  But  a  peculiar  ne- 
ceflity  was  created  by  the  charafter  and  opinions 
of  the  King.  It  was  not  merely  that  his  bad  faith 
was  ineradicable ;  it  was  not  even  that  he  was 
underftood  to  hold  the  high  monarchical  theory 
of  the  nullity  of  ftatutes  in  dired  reftraint  of 
the  prerogative  ;  but  that  he  was  known  to 
entertain  the  belief,  that,  in  reluc5tantly  giving 
aflent  to  the  moft  important  of  the  meafures 
pafTed  by  the  Long  Parliament,  he  was  giving 
it  under  compulfion,  and  that  fuch  afTent  was 
therefore  ipjo  faBo  invalid.     With  thefe  views, 
let  him  once   be  relieved   from  preffure  and 
everything  gained  for  public  liberty  was  loft. 
Clarendon  himfelf  informs  us  that  his  Attor- 
ney-General, Herbert,  had  encouraged  him  in 
the  notion  that  the  adt  againft  the  diflblution 
of  the  Parliament  without  its  own  confent  was 
for  fuch  reafons  void  ;*  and  in  mentioning  his 
aflent  to  the  Bill  excluding  the  Biftiops  from 
Parliament,  he  makes  ufe  of  thefe  remarkable 
expreflions  :  t   ''  An  opinion  that  the  violence 
"  and  force  ufed  in  procuring  it  rendered  it 
"  abfolutely  invalid  and  void,  made  the  con- 
"  firmation  of  it  lefs  confidered,  as  not  being 
"  of  ftrength  to  make  that    a6l  good,   which 
''  was  in  itfelf  null.    And  I  doubt  this  logic  had 

•  Life  and  Continuation^  i.  206-211. 
f   Hist,  ii,  252. 


§  XL.      Conclufwn.  379 

"  an  influence  upon  other  aEis  of  no  lefs  moment 
'^  than  thefe y  How  was  it  poflible  to  deal 
on  equal  terms  with  fuch  an  antagonift  } 

Let  the  pofition  be  confidered,  too,  in  which  Pofition  of 

sccLiicr  to 

a  charge  of  treafon  fpecifically  made,  and  which  accufed. 
yet  the  accufer  would  neither  profecute  nor 
retradl,  left  thofe  who  were  fo  accufed.  That 
ftartling  remark  of  Hollis  with  which  my  nar- 
rative clofes,  throws  confiderable  light  upon 
this  point ;  and  Whitelock  has  an  obfervation 
to  the  eff'edt  that  the  moft  powerful  of  the  Refufal  to 
members   accufed    (he   alludes    to    Pvm  and  P^°^^5!^^^ 

.    ^  ■'  or  with- 

Hampden)   peculiarly  refented  the  King's  re-  draw 
fufal  fpecifically  to  withdraw  the  charge.*    So  ^^^^^^' 
much    indeed   has    been    frankly    avowed    by 
Pym    himfelf     Li   the  Vindication  which    he 
publifiied  when  the  war  broke  out,  he  does  not 
hefitate  to  avow  that  from  the  hour  of  that  '*  vindi- 
unjuft    impeachment    his    own    condudl    wasp^j^""^^ 
changed.      "When,'*  he    fays,   ^^  I   perceived 
'^  my  life   aimed  at,  and    heard  myfelf  pro- 
^^  fcribed  as  a  traitor,  merely  for  my  intirenefs 
^^  of  heart  to  the  fervice  of  my  country  ;  when 
'*  I  was  informed   that    I,    with    fome    other 
''  honorable  and  worthy  members  of  the  par- 
''  liament,  were,  againft  the  privileges  thereof.  Why  he 
''  demanded  even  in  the  parliament  houfe  by  hl^fcXdta 
''  his    Majefty,    attended    by  a    multitude   of^^^^^ar- 
men-at-arms    and    malignants,  —  while   for 
my  own   part   I  never  harboured  a  thought 

*  And  see  Memorials,  i.  158  (Ed.  1853). 


(  c 


<c 


38o 

Parlia- 
ment his 
only 
refuge. 


Traitor  or 
minifter  ? 


King  will 
do  any- 
thing but 
withdraw 
charge. 


Will  waive 
impeach- 
ment : 


hopes  Mr. 
Hampden 
is  inno- 
cent : 


will  indiil 
at  common 
law  : 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 

'^  which  tended  to  any  diflervice  to  his  Ma- 
^^  jefty,  nor  ever  had  any  intention  prejudicial 
"  to  the  State, — no  man  will  think  me  blame- 
"  worthy  in  that  I  took  a  care  of  my  own 
'^  fafety,  and  fled  for  refuge  to  the  protedlion 
''  of  the  Parliament."  But  how  much  more 
intolerable  fuch  condud  to  a  man  who  had 
refufed,  only  a  few  days  earlier,  one  of  the 
higheft  employments  in  the  State,  proffered 
to  him  by  his  accufer ! 

The  dogged  obftinacy  which  was  alfo  a  moft 
material  feature  in  the  characfler  of  the  King, 
had  been  here  indeed  ftartlingly  difplayed. 
The  day  after  the  return  of  the  Five  Mem- 
bers, he  fent  a  mefllige  to  fay  that  he  waived 
the  impeachment  begun  on  the  3d,  and  in- 
tended to  proceed  thereupon  in  an  unqueftion- 
able  way.  The  next  morning,  replying  at 
Windfor  to  the  petition  of  the  Freeholders  of 
Bucks,  he  told  Mr.  Hampden's  conftituents, 
not  that  the  charge  was  withdrawn,  but  that 
he  would  much  rather  that  worthy  gentleman 
fhould  prove  innocent  than  be  found  guilty, 
and  that  meanwhile  he  fhould  not  confider  his 
crimes  as  in  any  fort  refleding  upon  thofe 
good  fubjeds  who  had  elec5led  him  as  their 
knight  of  the  ftiire  !  Eight  days  later,  the 
Houfe  aiked  for  proofs  of  the  charge :  to 
which  after  three  days  he  replied,  that  he  could 
not  difclofe  his  proofs,  but  that  no  time  fhould 
be  loft  in  preferring  an  indictment  at  common 


§  XL.     Conclufwn, 


381 


law  in  the  ufual  way.  Nine  days  later,  the 
Houfe  demanded  once  more  to  be  informed, 
before  a  fpecial  day  named,  as  to  the  nature 
and  proofs  of  the  alleged  treafon  with  a  view 
to  early  and  legal  trial  thereof:  to  which  the 
King  replied  by  deferting  the  intended  profecu- 
tion  altogether,  and  by  offering  a  general  pardon. 
The  Houfe  then  fpecifically  claimed  as  their 
right,  under  certain  ftatutes  which  they  cited, 
that  the  King  fhould  not  only,  in  addition,  clear 
the  members  perfonally,  but  give  up  the  names 
of  the  counfellors  under  whofe  advice  they  had 
unjuftly  fuffered.  Still  he  was  immovable. 
A  Bill  for  the  acquittal  of  the  Members  was 
thereupon  pafTed,  and  an  impeachment  of  the 
Attorney-General  voted.  To  fave  Herbert 
from  punlfhment,  he  would  at  once  have  taken 
all  refponfibility  to  himfelf ;  and  he  offered  the 
Houfe  any  kind  of  fatiffadion,  excepting  always 
that  which  they  claimed.  Immediately  before 
the  civil  war  broke  out,  the  Attorney-General 
was  difabled  from  being  a  member  affiftant,  or 
pleader,  in  either  Houfe  of  Parliament,  and 
committed  to  the  Fleet :  but  ftill  the  King 
remained  obdurate  and  unimprefTible  as  ever. 
Nay,  after  the  civil  war  had  begun,  and  when 
the  firft  attempt  was  made  to  mediate  at  Ox- 
ford after  the  battle  of  Edgehill,  '^  a  bill  to 
"  vindicate  the  5  members "  was  among  the 
propofitions  fubmitted  ;  when  again  he  refufed 
it,  and  angrily  interrupted  the  CommifTioners. 


will 

abandon 
all  pro- 
ceedings 


will  give 
general 
pardon  : 


but 

nothing 

elfe. 


Attorney- 
General 
im- 
peached : 


and 
punifhed. 


King  ftill 
im- 
movable. 


One  of  the 
Oxford 
propo- 
fitions. 


382 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 


The  Earl  So  angrily,  adds  Whitelock,*  that  the  Earl  of 
Kiig!"^  Northumberland,  who  led  upon  the  Parliament 
fide,  fhowed  a  fober  and  ftout  carriage,  and 
on  being  once  more  interrupted,  faid  fmartly, 
^^Totir  Majefty  will  give  me  leave  to  proceeds 
"  Aye^  aye!''  replied  the  King.f 

It  need  hardly  furprife  us,  after  this  recital. 
Strong  to  be  told  by  the  memorialift  that  the  moft 
ground  for  j^^^j.^^^    members    of   parliament    held    it 

dilcon-  _  A 

tent:         matter  of   great    difcontent,   that,   except    by 

general    waiver    and    withdrawal    of    further 

iiated  by    proceedings,    the   imputation   of  treafon  was 

White-     never  removed  from  men  in  whom  the  Houfe 

lock. 


Paper  war. 


Blunt 
better 
than  keen 
nib. 


Burleigh 
and  Cecil, 


Too  clever 
Clerk  of 
Council. 


*  Memorials y  I.  196. 

f  The  greater  portion  of  this  paper  war  of  petitions  and 
replies  which  had  enfued  will  be  found  in  Rufliworth  {Coll,  III. 
i.  434-494).  Clarendon  (Ji'tfi.  ii.  173-17^)  has  alio  largely 
quoted  them,  and  it  is  manifell  that  Ibme  of  them  bear  the 
marks  of  his  hand.  Nor  do  I  ever  read  one  of  Hyde's  Itate 
papers  of  this  kind  without  feeling  the  truth  of  that  old 
courtier's  comment  on  their  new  ally  which  is  mentioned  by 
Sir  Philip  Warwick  [Memoirs^  217)1  '*  Our  good  pen  will 
"harm  us:"  or,  as  Sir  Philip  himfelf  puts  it,  *'A  blunt 
'*  would  have  ferved  us  better  than  fo  keen  a  nib."  An 
ivory  knife  cuts  paper  better  than  a  Iteel  blade  (as  Swift  had 
occafion  to  remind  a  high-flying  Secretary  in  later  time), 
and  it  is  quite  poflible,  both  in  the  higher  and  lower  depart- 
ments, to  have  the  work  of  the  State  too  fliarply  done.  There 
is  a  ftory  told,  fomething  to  the  purpofe,  of  Lord  Burleigh 
and  his  fon  Cecil.  Being  at  Council,  and  reading  an  order 
penned  by  a  new  clerk  who  was  reputed  a  wit  and  fcholar, 
he  flung  it  downward  to  the  lower  end  of  the  table  to  his 
fon,  the  Secretary,  faying,  "  Mr.  Secretary,  you  bring  in 
*'  clerks  of  the  council  who  will  corrupt  tlie  gravity  and 
**  dignity  of  the  ftyle  of  the  Board :  "  to  which  the  Secretary 
replied  :  *'  I  pray,  my  Lord,  pardon  this.  The  gentleman 
*'  is  not  warm  in  his  place,  and  hath  had  fo  little  to  do,  that 
**  he  is  wanton  with  his  pen  ;  but  I  will  put  fo  much  bufmefs 
**  upon  him,  that  he  fliall  be  willing  to  obferve  your  worfliip's 
"  dire(iHons/* 


§  XL.     CGuclufion. 

repofed  its  higheft  confidence.  But,  in  the 
face  of  fuch  fa(5ls,  what  becomes  of  Clarendon's 
affertion  that  the  Arreft  was  a  fudden  ad  as 
fuddenly  repented  of;  that  no  circumftance  of 
deliberation  attended  it;  and  that  it  was 
followed,  not  by  hardy  and  obftinate  per- 
fiftence,  but  by  the  inftant  trouble  and 
agony  which  attends  ufually  the  generous 
mind,  upon  its  having  unrefledingly  com- 
mitted what  it  promptly  perceives  to  be  an 
error. 

It  feems   to  me  very  neceffary,  in  clofing 
this  work,  to  fix  attention  upon  fuch  deliberate 
perverfions    of  the    truth,   becaufe  they  con- 
ftitute  for  the  moft  part,  with  all  writers  of  a 
particular  clafs,    the    fole    ground    of   attack 
againft  the  Commons  for  having  treated  the 
outrage  of  the  4th  of  January  as  a  challenge 
to  civil  war.     Nothing  is  more  certain  than 
that,  even  while  the  outrage  itfelf  was  ftill  in 
progrefs,  there  was   time  for    reflecflion  pre- 
fented   to  its   author ;    and  that  if  this   had 
been  properly  employed,  at  leaft  fome  of  the 
difaftrous  confequences  might  have  been  in- 
tercepted.      Let  me  here,    therefore,    briefly 
recall  in  what  way  it  was  employed. 

Without  adopting  Whitelock^s  view  that 
if  Charles  had  promptly  withdrawn  the  im- 
peachment little  more  trouble  might  have 
attended  it  (a  view  which  makes  too  fmall 
allowance   for   the   fettled   diftruft   which   his 


383 


Claren- 
don's de« 
fence  of 
Charles. 


The  truth 
mif-ftated : 


as  a 

ground  for 
aflailing 
Commons. 


Doubtful 
affertion  of 
White- 
lock. 


« > 


384 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


EfFea  of 

King's 
obftinate 
re  filial. 


fffea^^l'^    previous  condud  had  infpired),  it  is  yet  very 
withdraw-  far  from  impofTible  but  that,  frankly  done  at 
charge.      ^^  ^^^^  '^  might  certainly  have  recovered  fo 
much  ground  for  the  King  as  not  wholly  yet 
to  have  broken  and  difperfed  his  party  in  the 
City.    Not  only,  however,  did  he  fullenly  leave 
the  charge  rankling  in  the  breafts  of  fuch  men 
all  powerful  in  debate  as  Hampden  and  Pym, 
whom    it  ever   afterwards   indifpofed  to    any 
mediation  or  compromife  ;    not  only  did  he 
refufe  to  withdraw  it,  as  we  have  feen,  when 
finally  compelled  to  withdraw  all  proceedings  ; 
but,  up  to  the  day  when  the  ftorm  broke  over 
him  under  which  he  had  to  yield,  and  which 
Perfiftence  ^ith  an  obftinatc  impafTivenefs  he  had  watched 
as  from   day  to  day  it  made  darker  the  fkies 
above  him,  not  a  word  was  uttered  by  him,  or 
an  a6l  done,  of  which  the  manifeft  and  unmif- 
takeable  tendency  was  not  to  exaggerate  every 
danger,  and  to  confirm  and  extend  all  the  fears, 
generated  by  his  firft  rafh  attempt. 

There  was  but  an  interval  of  fix  days 
between  his  entering  the  Houfe  of  Com- 
mons and  his  flight  from  Whitehall ;  and 
in  that  interval.  Clarendon  tells  us,  he  had 
renewed  his  commands  to  himfelf,  Falk- 
land, and  Culpeper,  to  give  him  confl:ant 
Good  ad-  advice  what  he  was  to  do.*  What,  then, 
vifers  pro-  having  the  inefl:imable  benefit  and  advantage 
of  fuch  confefled   advifers,  did  he  do?      In 

*  Life  and  Continuation ^  i.  101-2. 


in  the 
outrage 


Interval 
for  good 
advice. 


§  XL.     Conclufion, 


Z^S 


full  view  of  the  danger  efcaped  by  failure  of 
his  inftrudions  on  the  evening  of  the  3rd  of 
January  for  firing  on  the  Citizens,  and  of  the 
mifl:ake  committed  by  failure  of  his  attempt  upon  the 
on  the  morning  of  the  4th  for  feizing  on  the  ^*"^* 
Members,  what  were  the  fl:eps  taken,  under 
fuch  advice  as  Hyde  admits  him  now  to  have 
had  the  full  opportunity  to  profit  by — to  ex- 
prefs  regret  or  majce  reparation  ?     What,  in  a  Events 
word,  was  the  courfe  he  took  at  that  point  of  4tiram" 
time  which  Clarendon  fixes  beyond  queftion  ^^^  J^""' 

^  T-  ary. 

as  ''  before  he  left  Whitehall  ? " 

On  the  night  of  the  4th,  with  thofe  ominous 
founds  of  Privilege  !  Privilege !  ftill  ringing  in 
his  ears  which  had  followed  him  as  he  left  the 
Houfe  that  day,  he  caufed   a  Proclamation  to  Prockma- 
be  iflued,  declaring  that  certain   members  of  ^'°". 
the  Houfe  of  Commons  were  under  accufation  Memb 


ers. 


of  High   Treafon,  and  ordering  the  ports  of 
the  kingdom  to  be  clofed  againfl:  any  attempt 
they  fliould  make   to  evade  iuftice.     On  the    , 
mornmg  of  the  5th,  he  ifllied  under  his  own  King's 
hand  Warrants  for  their  arreft  addrefl'ed  to  the  Zl'v^ 
Sheriff's  of  London.    On  that  day,  alfo,  he  went  ^o  Guild- 
himfelf  to  the  City,  and  in  perfon  demanded  ^^^^* 
that  the  accufed,  whom  he  knew  to  be  con- 
cealed therein,  fhould  be  delivered  up  to  him. 
On  that  evening,  he  drew  up  with  his  own  5th  r  .. 
hand  a  fecond  Proclamation  againft  harbouring  ^^^°"^ 

1  o  0  Procia— 

the  men  whom  he  defignated  as  traitors.     'On  mation. 
the  morning    of   the    6th,  he    difpatched   a 


p.  M. 


t|  I 


0    C 


386 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members, 


§  XL.     Conclujion, 


6th:    A.M. 

Serjeant 
lent  to 
arreft. 


7th :  A.  M. 
Common 
Council 
Petition. 


8th:  A.  M. 

New 
A^Iinirters 
at  Council- 
Board, 


Same  day: 
Third 
Proclama- 
tion 
againft 
Members  : 


and 
private 
order  from 
Council 
Board. 


Royal  Serjeant  into    the  City  with  orders  to 
efFeft  the  arreft.     On  the  yth,  the  Common 
Council   voted    their    petition  in    behalf  of 
popular  rights  ;    and  on  the  fame  day,  fuch 
evidence    was    taken    by    the    Committee    at 
Grocers'  Hall  ("upon  queftions,"  fays  Claren- 
don,   "  whereof  many    were   very   imperti- 
"nent  and   of  little  refpeft  to  the  King") 
as  conclufively  eftabliftied  the  danger  to  which 
the  Commons  had    been    expofed.      On  the 
8th,  the  day  when  Lord  Falkland  was  formally 
fworn  in  before  the  Council  as  one  of  His 
Majefty's  principal   Secretaries  of  State,  and 
the  morning  after  that  vote  of  the  Committee 
which  invited  the  accufed  publicly  to   refume 
on  the  following  Monday  their  places  and  duties 
as  repiefentatives  of  the  people,  there  came 
forth  a    third   Proclamation  from  the    King 
-  reiterating  againft  the  members  the  accufation 
of  high  treafon,  and  commanding  all  magif- 
itrates   and  officers  throughout   the   kingdom 
to  apprehend  them  and   convey  them  to  the 
Tower.     Moreover,  on  that  fame  day  of  the 
8th,  a  private  order  was  fent  from  the  Council 
Board,  at  which  Falkland  had  taken  the  oaths 
and    his    feat    but    an   hour    or    two    earlier, 
giving   inftruftions    for    proceedings    againft 
thofe  (notorioufly  the  members  for  the  City) 
who,  upon  the  fudden  alarm  of  two  nights  before 
had  called  out  the  Train  Bands  for  proteftion 
of  the  Citizens.      Was  it  poffible   that  the 


387 


Houfe  of  Commons,  how  reluftant  foever  to 
enter  on  the  ftruggle,  could  in  fuch  circum- 
ftances  as  thefe  have  declined  or  evaded  it  ? 

There  was  manifeftly    no   alternative  left. 
Such  middle  courfe  as  D'Ewes  would  have  No  middle 
propofed   before  reforting   to    an   open  defi- ^,^1'^''°^' 
ance,  was  fimply  hopelefs.       It  had  become 
clear  that    the   attempt    upon    the    Members 
could   not    be   defeated    without    a   complete 
overthrow  of  the  power  of  the  King.      He 
could  not  remain  at  Whitehall  if  they  returned 
to  Weftminfter.     Charles  raifed  the  iflue,  the  Accept. 
Commons  accepted  it,  and  fo  began  our  Great  \Zl  °^ 
Civil  War.     The  King  drew  the  fword  upon  ■■^'''«''- 
the  day  when  he  went  with  his  armed  follow- 
ers to  arreft  the  Five  Members  in  their  places 
in  the  Houfe.     The  Houfe  of  Commons  un- 
furled their  ftandard  on  the  day  when,  declin- 
ing to  furrender  their  members,  they  branded  ^^ 
with  the  epithet  of  a  Scandalous    Paper  the 
articles  of  impeachment  iflued  by  the  King. 


I  i  I 


/ 


t  I 


INDEX 


Alifon. 

Alison,     Sir    William    (York,) 

Ipeaks  againft  LunlVord,  36. 
Argyle,    Archibald     Marquis    of, 
made    Scottifh    Chancellor,    17, 
(See  Montrofe.) 
Arrelt,    privileges     of    Commons 
againft,  explained  and  aflcrted, 
213  14.,  30+-5,  307-8.  315. 
Arreft  of  the  Five  Members.      See 

Five  Members. 
Attorney-Gen.  ^te  Herbert,  Sir  E. 
Authorities  cited  or  referred  to  : 
MS.    See  Bere.  Carterctt.  Bering. 
Doivfe.     Latc/ie.    Marjhn.    Ni- 
cholas.   Porter.   Slingjhy.   Smit/i, 
{Thomas).  Windebank.  IVifeman, 
{Thomas). 

Printed.  Sqc  Bramfion.  Bruce. 
Butler.  ClarcnJou.  Echard.  Eikon 
B a/dike.  Filwer.  Forjler.  Guizof. 
Hacket.  Hall.  Hallam.  Heath. 
Heylyn.  Hobbes.  Hozfjell.  Hume. 
Hutchinfon.  Lenxns.  Lilly.  Ma- 
caulay.  Nalfon.  Napier.  Pepys. 
Rujh-ivorth.  Rujfell,  ( Lord  John). 
Sandford.  Verney.  IVar-iJcicky 
(Sir  P.).  IFhitelock.  JVright. 
Aylefbury,  Mr.  writes  from  Rome 
to  Hyde,  224,  225  note. 

Baal,  or  Ball,  Peter,  Queen's  At- 
torney, 129  note. 

Balfour,  Sir  William,  removed 
from  governorfliip  of  the  Tower, 
34.  Clarendon's  Note  thereon, 
and  on  his  Succeflbr,  35  note. 

Balgony,  Leflie,  Field  Marfhal  of, 
made  an  Englifti  Earl,  17. 


Banks,    Sir 


Bere. 

John, 


to    be    Lord 


Treafurer,  30  note. 
Barberino,      Cardinal     Francefco, 
makes  "  particular  mention  "  of 
Pym  and  his  friends,  225  note. 
Barrlngton,    Sir     Thomas    (Col- 
chefter),  37.     Named  on  Com- 
mittee of  Safety,  280. 
Bates,  Dr.  on  Lady  Carllfle's  con- 
nexion with  Pym  and  his  friends, 
137.   On  Advifers  of  the  King's 
Vifitto  the  Houfe,  137. 140.  141. 
Bath,  Earl  of,  to  be  a  Privy  Coun- 

fellor,  58. 
Baxter,     Richard,    on     the    term 

"Roundhead",  136 — 7  notes. 
Baynton,  Sir   Edward   (Chippen- 
ham), on  fecret  communications 
to  the  King,  210. 
Bedford,  Earl  of,  joins  in  Proteft 
relatiie  to  Lunfford's  removal, 
36  note.  65. 
Beedham,  Mr.  87  note. 
Bellafis,  H.  (Yorkftiire),  motion  of, 
relative  to  the  Bifhops,  102  note. 
Suggefls  attempt  at   accommo- 
dation with  the  King,  201  riote. 
Bere,  Sidney    (Correlpondent    of 
Admiral        Pennington),       ap- 
pointed Under  Secretary,  5.   De- 
fcribes    Oppofition    to    printing 
the    Remonftrance,    5,    6.      On 
Charles's    Vifit     to    City,    22. 
Fears  and  diltra^lions  daily  in- 
creafmg,     26.       On     Secretary 
Nicholas's  worth,  26,  27.  notes. 
Court    difmiffals    and    appoint- 
ments,   30    note.     ^Difmiflal   of 

D    D 


'^^o  Index. 

Biron, 

Young  Vane,  53.  Further  on 
Official  changes,  King's  move- 
ments, and  his  own  probable  dii- 
mifl'al,  56  and  note.  On  Com- 
motion arifing  out  of  the  Lunl- 
ford  affair,  69,  70.  On  the 
Bifhops  and  their  Proteftation, 
96  note.  Reports  their  Com- 
mittal to  the  Tower,  98.  His 
fears  and  hopes  on  the  occafion, 
99  and  note.  On  King's  Vifit 
to  the  Houfe  to  Icize  the  Five 
Members,  194,  ic)^^  notes.  His 
dread  as  to  ultimate  rcfult:  fly- 
ing rumours,  203,  204.  Why 
he  declines  a  Chriftmas  Invita- 
tion, 204  note.  Rumours  againft 
Lords  Briilol  and  Digby,  206. 
On  Secret  Service  afligned  to 
the  Admiral,  361.  King's  fliglit 
and  dilquietude  of  his  Counl'el- 
lors,  361 — 363.  Union  between 
the  two  Houles,  363,  364  notes. 
Defcribes  Return  of  \Iembers, 
370.  371  note. 

Biron,  Sir  John,  appointed  Tower 
Governor,  ^vice  Lunftord,  70. 
"  Little  better  accepted  than  the 
other",  77.  Called  before  Com- 
mons' Committee,  334.  341. 
His  Meflage  to  them,  355.  Su- 
perfcded,  355  note.  ^64.  note. 

Bifliops,  Petition  againlt  enforce- 
ment ot  Liturgy  by  the,  32  note. 
Courle  taken  by  them  on  ac- 
count of  the  Tumults,  89.  Pur- 
port ol  their  Protclhition  thereon, 
89 — 91.  Real  Author  of  Pro- 
teltation  :    objeifb    contemplated 


by  him,  91.  What  might  have 
followed  had  Protell  been  ad- 
mitted, 92.     Provocation  given, 

92,  93.  Bifhop  HalTs  account 
of  what  led  to  the  Proteftation, 

93,  94.  Clarendon's  Account : 
Courie  taken  by  King,  94,  95. 
Prompt  adion  of  Conmions,  95. 
Cromwell  as  to  Epikopal 
Spirit,  96.  Sidney  Bere's  lliic- 
tures  on  the  protciting  Prelates, 


Buckingham, 

ibid.  note.  Their  condud  con- 
demned by  Clarendon,  96,  97. 
His  opinion  of  their  Impeach- 
ment, 97.  View  taken  by  Pen- 
nington's Correfpondents,  97 — 
100.  Real  drift  of  Proteft,  100. 
Glyn  fent  up  to  impeach  them, 
loi.  Hacket's  Lament  for 
them  :  feelings  of  the  Lords, 
ibiJ.  note.  Tower  Gates  clofed 
upon  them,  102.  Civilities  ex- 
changed while  in  durance,  103 
note.  D'Ewes's  comments,  104, 
105.  Tower  preferable  to  Black 
Rod's  Cullody,  105  and  note. 
Delight  of  Commons  at  their 
folly,  105,  106.  See  alio  173. 
174  and  notes.  341. 

Bodvill,  Mr.  John  (Anglefey), 
and  the  Clerk's  Journals,  23^. 

Bolingbroke,  Earl  of,  36  note. 

Bofwcll,  Sir  John,  204  note. 

Bramfton  on  Attack  on  Arch- 
bifliop  Williams,  71,  92.  His 
account  compared  with  Claren- 
don's and  Hacket's,  89  ?iote. 

"Bridle"    the,    for    too    reltlefs 
Citizens,  33. 

Briftol,  John  Earl  of:  to  be  Cham- 
berlain, 30  ?iote.  Commons' 
Charge  againlt  him,  78.  82,  83. 
Spanilh  Match  expedition,  82. 
Belt  account  of  that  mad  freak, 
82  note  |.  Cromwell  denounces 
him,  83.  Rumours  againft  him 
and  his  Ton,  206.    See  Digby. 

Brooke,  Lord,  36  note.  Honour 
delignated  for  him,  58. 

Brown,  Mr.  Clerk  of  Houfe  of 
Lords,  303. 

Brown,  Nlr.  R.  (Romney),  brings 
up  Lincoln's  Inn  reply,  176. 

Brown,  Sir  A.  (Surrey),  reports 
llander  on  Pym,  358  note. 

Bruce,  John,  Efc^.  Note  by,  20 
note  *, 

Buckingham  Freeholders  come  to 
London,  338,  339.  357,  373. 
Their  numbers,  339  note. 
Hampden's  ftiare  in  their  pcti- 


Index, 

Buckle. 
tion,   340,  341  notes.  373  7iote 


Debate  as  to  receiving  them. 
353»  3  54-  373-  Called^'n,  374, 
King's  reply  to  their  Petition, 
380.     See  GooJzvin.    HampJen. 

Buckle,  "One  Mr."j  Threat  ut- 
tered by,  169. 

Bullock,  Mr.  372. 

Burleigh,  Lord,  Anecdote  of,  382 
note. 

Butler,  Samuel,  couplet  quoted 
from,  344  note. 

Byron.     See  Biron. 

Camden  Society  Books  rich  in 
illuftrations  of  period  comprifed 
in  this  work,  49  note.  (Rota- 
tions therefrom.  See  Bramjion. 
rerney. 

Carew,  Alexander  (Cornwall)  279. 

Carlifle,  Earl  of,  36  note.  37  note. 
See  Hayy  Lord. 

Carlifle,  Lucy  Countefs  of:  has 
Intercourfe  with  both  parties,  15. 
Comnumicates  Court  Secrets  to 
popular  Leaders,  16.  Caufes  of 
her  betrayal  of  the  King's  party, 
133—135-  Sir  P.  Warwick's 
Scandal  about  her,  135,  136  and 
notes.  Dr.  Bates's  more  com- 
plimentary interpretation,  137. 
Refult  of  her  clofetings  with  the 
Queen,  13S,  139.  Gratitude 
cxprefled  for  her  fervices,  140. 
Dangers  averted  by  her  warning, 
144.  145  note.  195.  Precile 
moment  of  her  communication 
of  King's  intentions,  175. 

Carterett,  Captain,  Correfpondent 
ot  Admiral  Pennington,  51. 
Clarendon's  teftimony  to  his 
eminence,  52.  Reports  difmifl:il 
of  the  two  Vanes,  ibid.  Parlia- 
mentary appreciation  of  his  fer- 
vices, ibid.  note.  Announces  the 
publication  of  the  Remonftrance, 
60.  His  reflj(5tions  on  aflfairs, 
60,  61.  Confirms  fa(5l  of  Lunf- 
ford's  knighthood  and  penfion, 
70  note.     On  caufes  of  popular 


Charles  I. 

difquietude,  287.  296,  297.    His 
later  career,  366  note. 
Cavalier,   firft  ufe  of  the  epithet, 
62.   Senfe  in  which  it  was  ufed: 
inftances    cited,     62,    63    notes. 
William  Lilly  on  the  fame  fub- 
jea,  64,  65  notes.    ^^^341.   See 
Roundhead. 
Cave,  Sir  R.  (Lichfield)  named  on 

Committee  of  Safety,  280. 
Cecil's  excufe  for  a  Clerk's  "wan- 
ton pen",  382  note. 
Chadwell,  William  (St.  Michaels), 
munimental  trick  attempted  by, 
^44}  245.     His  narrow  efcape, 
245  and  note. 
Chambers,   John,  depofes  to  vio- 
lence of  King's  Guard,  327. 
Chandois,  Lord,  37  note. 
Charles,   Elector  Palatine,  accom- 
panies the  King  into  the  Houfe, 
184,    185.      Joins    him    in    his 
flight,    361.      A    Prince's   pri- 
vations, 365  note. 
Charles  the  Firrt,  fatal  day  in  the 
life  of,  I.     His  attempt  on  Five 
Members    correctly    ftated     in 
Eikon  Bafilike,  2.     Services  ren- 
dered to  him  by  Admiral  Pen- 
nington, 3.     Was  Lord  Digby 
fole  advifer   of  the    arreft  ?   10. 
Charges   intended  againft  Pym 
and   Hampden,    12.     His  ways 
of  dealing  with  opponents  :  al- 
ways too  late,  12,  13.     Refults 
of  hisobftinacy,  14.  Clarendon's 
verfion  of  his  confultations  with 
Lord   Digby  and  their  betrayal, 
15   note.     Nicholas's  communi- 
cation relative  to  Lord  Kimbol- 
ton,i5,  16.  His  conduft  towards 
avowed     Rebels    and     popular 
Leaders  contrafted,  17,  18.    En- 
larges   fcope   of  his    accufation 
againft    the    latter,     18.       His 
"  confident  and    fevere    look", 
20.       His      felf-deception      on 
ftrength    of   Royalift    party    in 
City,    21.      Contemporary    ac- 
counts  of  his   reception   there, 

D  D  2 


392  Index. 

Charles  I. 

21,   22.     Confers    honours    on 
City  Magnates,  22.    Adulatory 
Reports,    ibiJ.    note.      Probable 
efFefl   of  Lenthal's  defire  to  re- 
fign,  22,   23.   25.     Inftances  of 
hisfoolhardiners,29.  Aflails  pri- 
vileges  of   Commons,    30,    31. 
His  double  pi  ©vocation  of  the 
Puritans,  31.      Conftquences  of 
his  reprieve   of  condemned  Jc- 
fuits  31,  32  note.     His  Warrant 
appointing      Lunfford     Tower 
Governor,  34 «o/r.  Refponfibility 
for  that  a6>,    35  note.     Alleged 
reafon  fordifmilTal  of  Lord  New- 
port, 37,     Gives  Lord  Newport 
the  lie  and  retra6^s,  38,  39.    En- 
deavours to  win  Pym  to  his  fide, 
42,  43.     Why  his  efforts  failed, 
42  note.     Pym's  fecret  influe?ice 
ove r  h  i m ,  44 — 46 .  Rene ws  oife  rs 
of  place  to  Pym,  47.     Deringon 
his  overture  to  Pym,  48.    EfFet*^ 
on  Commons  of  his  difmifial  of 
young  Vane,    53.     Propofal  of 
Regency  during   his   fojourn  in 
Scotland,   56-7  note.     Negotia- 
tions in   London   with    popular 
leaders,   and   fudden   change  in 
Scotland,  57 — 8.    Hisill-adviled 
a61  on  the  Faft  day,  61.    Its  fatal 
confequences,  62.    Hisindifcre- 
tion  relative  to  Volunteer  Guard, 
72.  73 — 75.      How  he  received 
Declaration  of  both  Houfes,  75. 
Juilifies    his    acceptance    of  the 
Guard,     75,    76.       Anticipated 
refult  of  his  noncompliance  with 
Commons'  defires,  80.    His  con- 
du6l  on  receiving  Birtiop's  Pro- 
teftation,    95.      Commons'   De- 
mand for  Guard,  109,  110.    His 
expedients  pending  his  anfwer, 
no,  III.      His  reply  and  its  ac- 
companiment,   112.     Impeach- 
ment of  Five  Members  laid  folely 
at  his  door,  113.   Anfwer,  in  his 
own   hand,  to  Petition  of  both 
Houfes  for  Guard,  1 14 //o/^.    His 
choice  of  Commander  a  proof  of 


Charles  I. 
infincerity,  ibid.  His  Interview 
with  the  Commons'  Deputies, 
126.  Quellion  of  his  relponfi- 
bility  further  difcufTed,  127 — 
129.  Pernicious  fruits  of  the 
Queen's  interference,  129 — 139. 
(See  Henrietta).  His  abettors  in 
renewed  attempt  on  the  Com- 
mons, 139 — 142.  Alleged  evi- 
dence in  fuppoit  of  his  charge, 
142,  143.  Clarendon's  view  of 
the  matter,  ibiJ.  notes.  Incapable 
of  a  wife  Fear,  145.  Iffue  railed 
by  his  attempt,  145.  Its  alleged 
*' gentlenels,"  150  note.  His 
ftyle  of  writing,  151.  His  ad- 
vifers  and  their  fliare  of  refponfi- 
bility, 153,  154.  Attempts  to 
induce  the  citizens  to  aid  him, 
155 — 157.  His  Warrant  for  that 
obje6>,  157.  158.  Whitehall 
clocks  too  late,  156.  159.  Goes 
to  the  Houfe  to  demand  the  Five 
Members,  179.  Number  and 
equipment  of  his  attendants,  180 
— 184.  Enters  "where  never 
King  was  but  once",  184,  185. 
His  reception  by  and  bearing 
towards  the  members,  185  — 187. 
His  Speech  to  the  Houfe,  with 
correaions  by  his  own  hind,  188 
— 190.  Lenthal's  Reply  to  his 
appeal,  191,192.  William  Lilly 
on  his  manner  of  Speaking,  192 
note.  His  Speech  on  finding  his 
*' birds  flown",  193.  His  bearing 
on  leaving  tiie  Houfe,  193 — 
195.  Accounts  of  the  fcene  by 
Slingfby  and  Bere,  194  note. 
D'Ewcs's  account  of  what  took 
place  on  his  departure,  195 — 
200.  Mif'chief  let  loofe  by  the 
afl,  206.  Hyde  his  private 
advifer,  208.  Clofeted  with 
him,  209  note.  Lilly's  verdi6l 
on  his  "  rafli  aftion",  217  note. 
Money   folicited    for  him  from 


Index. 


Foreign 


Rul 


ers, 


224. 


How 


the    Commons    met    his     Pro- 
clamation   againfl    Eflex,    240. 


Charles  I. 

Sir    Peter   Wentvvorth's    plain 
fpeaking,  242.    Sends  for  Rufh- 
worth,    251.     Their   interview, 
252.  Iffues  Proclamation  againfl » 
Five  Members,  253.    His  War- 
rant for  feizure  of  arms  in  City, 
257  note.    Announces  intention 
of  addreffing  City  Authorities, 
258.  His  reception  in  Guildhall, 
and  how  he  fared  by  the  way, 
258 — 263.    Wifcman's  account 
oftheaflRiir,  264—267.  Citizens' 
anfwer  to  his  demand  for  Five 
Members,  267.    Their'advice  to 
him,  268.  His  firft  a6f  on  return 
from  City,  269.  297.   Its  refpon- 
fibility entirely    his    own,    270, 
271.      Commons'     Proceedings 
arifing  out  of  Arreft,  271 — 281. 
Apprehenfions   natural    to    the 
times,  283.     Montrofe's  offer  to 
affaffinate  Argyle  and  Hamilton, 
284,    285,     2^86    fiotes.      Pym's 
heaviefl     charge     againft     him 
proved,    299,   300.     Commons' 
Declaration  againll  his  condu6l, 
3  19,  320.    His  Order  in  Council 
on  polition  taken  up  by  the  City, 
32^+»  325  notes.      Evidence  as  to 
intended  violence  by  his  follow- 
ers, 3i6 — 329.    Further  procla- 
mation againll  the   Five  Mem- 
bers, 333.    Threatens  a  Vifit  to 
Commons' Committee,  337.  338. 
Determines  to  quit  Whitehall, 
3  5^'f    3  57-     His    terror  and    its 
caufes,  359.   His  reafons  for  leav- 
ing London,  360.  MS. references 
to   his   flight,    361—368.     (See 
Bere  —  Bering— SUngJby.)     Off 
to    Hampton  Court,    368,  369. 
Cafe  between  him  and  the  Com- 
mons   finnmed    up,     376 — 387. 
(See  ClartnJon.   Commons.    Five 
Members.) 
Charles    II.    Glyn's    accident    at 

Coronation  of,  344  note. 
Chaucer,  Bifliop  Hacket's  eflima- 

tion  of,  91  note. 
Chomley,     Sir    Henry   (Northal- 


393 

City. 

lerton),  obje6l  of  Motion  by,  243 
note.  Queflion  put  by  him,  375. 
City  }  flrength  of  Royaiift  party  in 
the,    21.      Hopes    founded    by 
King  on  his  reception  there,  21, 
22.     Honors  conferred  on  City 
Dignitaries,  22.  Reappearance  of 
*'  fa6lious  Citizens"  at  the  Houfes 
of  Parliament,    26.      *'One    of 
the  Houfe"  catechized  by  them, 
ibid.  note*.     Their  anti-royalifl 
feelings  further  manifefted,   27, 
Lord  Mayor's    unpopular   a6ls, 
28.     Agitation  by  rcaibn  of  re- 
prieve of  Popifli  Offenders,    31, 
32.      Petition    againft   enforce- 
ment  of  Liturgy  and  offcnfive 
proclamation  thereon,  32.     Re- 
fult of  Attack  on  Newgate,  ibid, 
note.     Indignation  provoked  by 
King's    Acts,     32,     33.       City 
'Prentices  attacked  by  the  Sol- 
diery, 68,  69.     Citizens  aflluled 
by  King's  Guard,  73,  74.   Atti- 
tude aflumed  by  them  :    Slingf- 
by's   apprehenfions,    80.      Soli- 
cited by  Commons  for  Military 
Aid,    124.    155.    157.      Efforts 
of  the  King  to    foreftal    Com- 
mons in  this  matter,   155 — 159, 
Five  Members'  place  of  Refuge, 

253.  Chara6lerof  the  City  and 
habits  of  its  Merchants,    253 — 

254.  Its  Military  Organization: 
Duties  impofed  on  Aldermen, 
254  note.  Its  fortifications  and 
other  defenfive  appliances,  255 
note.  Its  enrichment  by  trade  : 
caufe   of   Clarendon's    lament, 

255.  256.  Its  adherence  and 
fcrvices   to   the   popular   caufe, 

256.  Comes  in  for  its  fhare  of 
Court  Lampoons,  256  note. 
Scene  prefented  on  night  of 
Arreft,  256,  257.  Apprehended 
Seizure  of  Arms,  257  and  note. 
King's  felf-invitation  to  Lord 
Mayor,  258.  King's  progrefs  to 
and  reception  in  Guildhall,  258 
— 263.    (SeaRuJ/iivorth.  Slin^f- 


394  Index. 

Ci'vil  War. 

hy.  Wifemauy  T.)  Anfwer  to 
King's  demand  for  the  Five 
Members,  267.  Advice  tender- 
ed to  him  therein,  268.  Meet- 
ing of  Commons  Committee  at 
Guildhall,  300,  301.  How  the 
Committee  was  welcomed  and 
treated,  301,  302.  Proceedings 
of  Committee,  302 — 3 1 6.  (See 
Commons.)  State  of  City  on  Pub- 
lication of  Comjnons'  Decla- 
ration, 320,  321.  Caules  for 
alarms  afloat,  322.  Number  of 
armed  men  within  call  for  de- 
fence, 323.  Judicious  arrange- 
ments of  Lord  Mayor :  Pro- 
ceedings of  King  and  Council, 
323,  324.  King's  Order  againlt 
thofe  who  '*  put  the  Trained 
Band  in  arms",  324,  325,  ?totes. 
One  caui'c  for  incrcafe  of  Civic 
alarm,  325,  326,  333.  Appear- 
ance of  City  on  9///  January, 
338.  Its  march  with  the  Mem- 
bers, 369.  Pym's  thanks  to  the 
Citizens,  371. 

Civil  War,  Great,  firft  blood  flied 
in  the,  64.  Who  were  the  firlt 
aggrelfors,  66.  Alpe6t  of  the 
Elements  on  its  eve,  67,  68. 
Captain  Slingftiy's  apprehenfions 
80.  Relponilbilities  incurred 
by  its  inltigators.  So,  81.  Its 
real  beginning,  377,  387. 

Clare,  Earl  of,  36  note,  37  note. 

Clarendon,  Edward  Hyde,  Earl 
of  J  mifreprefentationsof,  relative 
to  Charles's  attempt  on  Five 
Members,  1.  His  charafler  of 
Admiral  Pennington,  3,  note. 
Miflhitcs  caule  of  Palmer's  Com- 
mittal to  the  Tower,  8.  Afl'erts 
Lord  Digby  was  fole  advifer 
of  King's  attempt,  10 — 12.  His 
chara6^er  of  and  friendrtiip  with 
Digby,  1 1  note.  His  Opinion  of 
guilt     of    the    Five    Accufcd, 

14.  Affc(fls   ignorance  of  Lord 
Kimbolton's      complicity,     14, 

15.  His   verfion   of  Charles's 


Index. 


Clarendon. 
Confultations  with    Digby,    15 
note.     Effc(^  on    the    King    of 
tone  adopted  by  him  and  his  Col- 
leagues,  18,     His   chara6ler    of 
Lenthal,  23  and  fiote.    His  com- 
ments on  Windebank's  flight  a 
key  to  his  views  on  the  Popifli 
Reprievals,  32,    33    fiotes.     Ex- 
plains     objed     of    LunlTord's 
appointment,  34,  35.      His  dif- 
ingenuous     note    on     Balfour's 
dilinillal,  35  note.     Throws  ref- 
ponfibility    of    Lunfford's    ap- 
pointment on  Digby,  ibuL     His 
eltimate    of  Captain    Carterctt, 
52.   His  opinions  and  admiflions 
relative  to  King's    Guard,   72, 
73.    His  verfion  of  their  attacks 
on  the  Citizens,  73,  74.    On  the 
epithets      "  Roundhead  "     and 
*' Cavalier",  74.     His    account 
of  attack  on  Archbifliop  Wil- 
liams contrarted  with  others',  89 
fiote.     Way   in  which  Bifliops* 
Proteft  was  conco^ed,   94,  95. 
His  opinion  thereon  and  on  their 
fubfequent   punirtiment,  96,  97. 
His  charge  againfl  Digby  in  re 
Kimbt)lton's Impeachment,  1 16, 
117.  Abfent  from  Houfe  during 
debates  on  arreft,  121.    Q^ieen's 
part  in   Impeachment  of    Five 
Members,  132,  133.     His    apo- 
logy for  Lady  Carl  ille'sdefe^lion, 
134.      On   the   legality    of  the 
King's    Proceedings,    150    and 
7iote.    151,    152.       Imputation 
againll  him  and  his  friends,  153. 
1  heir  way  of  getting  out  of  the 
dilemma,  153,  154.   His  charges 
againitandellimate  of  Hampden, 
168 — 170.      Hampden's  fignifl- 
cant  remark  to  him,  171,   Bear- 
ing    of    Pym     and    Hampden 
towards    him,     172    note.     On 
numberand  equipment  ot  King's 
Guards,  iSi.     Falle  ilfiie  railed 
by  him  on  King's  failure,   102, 
203.     IVriod   at  which   he   be- 
came King's   private    Advifer, 


'* 


Clarendon. 

208.  A  double  dealer  by  his 
own  confeflion,  209  and  note. 
Sufpe(5ted  of  Treachery  towards 
the  Commons,  210 — 212.  Ac- 
cufed  of-  advifing  the  Arreft, 
212.  Realbns  for  difbelief  as 
to  alleged  Speech  by  him,  212 
— 214.  VViiy  Falkland  excufed 
his  abfence  from  the  Houfe, 
215  note.  No  evidence  of  his 
prefence  during  debates  on  Ar- 
reft, 215,  216.  293.  Letter  to 
him  from  Rome,  224,  225  notes. 
Why  he  laments  abforption  of 
Wealth  by  City,  255.  Not  named 
on  Committee  of  Safety,  280. 
Queftion  raifed  on  his  ftatement 
of  Montrofe's  murderous  offer, 
284,  285,  286  notes.  Liberties 
taken  by  his  Sons  with  his  MSS  : 
1826  Edition,  how  made  up, 
ibid.  His  inferences  relative  to 
fears  excited  by  King's  condu6f 
contrafted  with  his  own  admif- 
fions,  286,  287.  294.  295.  Plans 
of  himfelf  and  Digby  for  feizing 
Five  Members,  288,  289.  His 
faithlelfnefsasan  Hiftorian,  289. 
Coinparilon  of  his  Statements  of 
Proceedings  of  5th  January  with 
thofe  oi  D'Ewes,  Verney,  and 
Ruftiworth,  289— 293.  Hisfole 
Argument  of  any  weight,  303. 
His  inhnuations  repelled  by 
p'Ewes,  310.  Real  points  at 
iffue  evaded  by  him,  310,  311. 
Conftruiiion  put  thereon  by  im- 
partial byftanders,  3 1 1  note. 
Value  of  D'Ewes's  Notes  as 
corredives  of  his  miiHatements, 
317.  Recapitulation  of  fuch 
milVeprefentations,  317,  318. 
Anfwers  thereto  furniftied  by 
D'Ewes,  318,319.  Truftworthy 
when  not  mifled  by  his  feelings, 
320.  What  he  fays  of  the 
*' great  change  in  all  Ibrts  of 
People",  321  and  «o/f.  Alarms 
traceable  to  the  threats  of  his 
friend  Digby,  322.      Too  keen 


395 

Commons. 

a  pen,  382.  Deliberate  perver- 
fion  of  the  Truth,  383.  See 
abb  369,    335,   353,   355,   362, 

364*  367,  370,  371,  374- 
Clarendon,  Henry  Hyde,  Earl  of. 
Liberties  taken  by  him  and  his 
brother.  Lord  Rocherter,  with 
the  MS.  of  their  Father's  Hlftory, 
284,  285,  286  notes. 
Clot  worthy.  Sir  John  (Maiden), 
38,  calls  attention  to  Irifh  Af- 
fairs, 276  ;  Perfilts  in  his  objefl, 
282.  Service  performed  by  him, 

349>   350- 
Coke,  Sir  Edward,  39. 

Coke,  Sir  William,  Anecdote  told 
by,  126.  137,138.  Credit  given 
to  it  by  Hafelrig,  140,  141. 

Commons,   Houfe    ofj     growing 
alarms  amongft  Members  of,  20. 
Proceedings  of  the  Lord  Mayor 
refcnted    by    them,    28.      Their 
diffatif^a61:ion  at  Young  Vane's 
difmiflal  from  Office,  30  note.  53. 
Their  privileges  aflliiled  by  the 
King,    30,    31.  *  Houfe    much 
diftra(51ed    at   "  reprieve    of  the 
Priefts,"  32  note.     Courfe  taken 
on   Lunfford's  appointment,  36. 
Their  fupporters  and  opponents 
in  the  Lords,  ibid,  and  note.  Ad- 
drels  voted  for  Lunfl^brd's  Re- 
moval,   37.      Their    requeft    to 
Lord  Newport  to  take  command 
of  Tower,    37,   38.     Their  re- 
ception of  Old  Vane  on  his  dif- 
miftal,  52.     Time  fuppofed  ripe 
for  deftru6lion  of  their  Leaders, 
67.    Their  proceedings  on  Lord 
Newport's  Dilmiflal,  82.  Courfe 
taken   with   reference  to   Lords 
Briftol  and   Digby,  82,  83,  84. 
Long    filences    in    the    Houfe ; 
Officering  of  the  Army  debated, 
84,  85.      Members  alarmed   by 
a    fuggeftion    of    Pym's,     106. 
D'Ewes's   Propofition,  and  the 
Speaker's  rider  to  it,  106,    107. 
Pym's  remedy  for  apprehended 
dangers,   107,   108.      D'Ewes's 


396 

Commons, 
troubles  and  doubts  on  the  oc- 
cafion,  1 08,  109.      Demand  for 
Guard  for  the  Houfe,  109.  How 
the  King  received  and  anfwered 
fuch  demand,  no— 112.  Joined 
by    the    Lords    in    demand    for 
Guard,  115.     Refult  of  Proceed- 
ings on    feizuie    of    Members' 
Papers,    120—126.    Aid.    Pen- 
nington and  Captain  Venn  fent 
to  City  for  Guard,  124.155.  157. 
Courfe  taken  by  King  to  defeat 
this  ftep,  155—158.    Refolution 
adopted  in  confcquence  of  King's 
tampering  with  Inns  of  Court, 
161.       Refult  of  MelTages  fent 
to  the  four  Inns,  176,  177.    Re- 
entrance  of  the  Five  Members : 
King's   Secret  difdofed    to    the 
Houfe,  177.    Further  difclofures, 
178.   Five  Members  depart,  179, 
King's  approach  to  the  Houie 
4///  January:  his  retinue,  179 — 
184.     Appearance  of  Houfe  on 
his  entry,    184—187.     Speaker 
Lenthal's    memorable     Speech, 
i9i»  192.     King's  Speech  and 
departure,  193  —  195.      Slingfby 

and  Bere's  Account  of  the  Tranl- 
aaion,   I c)^  note.       Copy  Entry 
of    this     day's     proceeding    in 
Journals  of  Houfe,    196    note. 
D'Ewes's  minutes  of  what  palled 
after  the  King's  departure,  195 
— 200.     Difcuflion   on   anfwers 
to    Royal    meffage,    221—223. 
Why   Sir  R.    Hopton  incurred 
difplcafure  of  Houfe,  223 — 227. 
Proceedings      in    Sir     Edward 
Dering'sCafe,  228— 231.   Con- 
flids  between  Speaker  and  Mem- 
bers, 236.  238.  241.     Caufe  of 
Houle's  laughter  "  amid  lad  ap- 
prehenfions  ",    247.      Refult  of 
attempts   to   enforce    Members' 
early  attendance:    The  Shilling 
Fine,  247—249.    Precautionary 
fteps  taken   on   reaifembling  of 
Houfe    on    5///  January,    271, 
272.     Mr.    Grimllon's     telling 


Index. 


Commons, 
fpeech,    272—275.      Refult    of 
motion  thereon,    275.       Upfhot 
of    Difcuffion    of    Declaratory 
Refolution,    275—279.      Num- 
bers on  two  important  Divifions, 
279,  and  note.      Conltitution  of 
Committee    then    named,    280. 
Motions  by  Lord   Lifle,  Sir  P. 
Stapleton,  and  N.  Fiennes,  281. 
Caufe  of  Houfe's  abrupt  rifing, 

281,  282.     Reafons  for  alarm, 

282,  283.      Clarendon's    report 
compared  with  contemporary  ac- 
counts, 290 — 293.   Point  gained 
by  adjourning  Sittings  to  Guild- 
hall, 294.  What  Slingfby**  heard 
lome  Parliament  men  difcourfmg 
of",    298,    299.     No    hitherto 
known    report   of   Proceedings 
at    Guildhall,     300.     Value    of 
D'Ewes's  Notes,  ibid. 
Committee    at     Guildhall^    {dth 
Jan.).     Rufluvorth's   and  Ver- 
ney's  notices  :   Clarendon's  con- 
fufion,  300,  301.  Subjects  tieated 
of    at    this    Sitting,     302 — 313. 
Difpute   between    D'Ewes  and 
Wilde,  314,   315.     Refolutions 
ultimately    adopted,    315,    316. 
Hyde's    afperfions    read   by  the 
light  of  D^Ewes's  Journals,  317 
— 3T9.     Declaration  of  Breach 
of  Privilege,  and  Publication  of 
fame,  319,  320.    State  of  public 
feeling,  320 — 326. 

firft  Sittingat  Grocers'  Hall{jth 
Jan.).     Abftrad  of  evidence  as 
to  outrage  of  the  4///,  326 — 329. 
Proceedings   thereon :     another 
difpute    between    D'Ewes    and 
Wilde,  330— 332.  EffcaofRe- 
folution  to  invite  return  of  Five 
Members,  332.     How  the  King 
met  that  refolution,  332,  333.^ 
Second  Sitting  at  Grocers'  Hall, 
(St/i  Jan.)    Meafures  on  King's 
further  Proclamation,  333 — 336. 
King's   threat  to  attend    Com- 
mittee, 337.  Orders  iffued  there- 
on :   its  upfliot,  338. 


Index. 

Compton. 
Lajl  Sitting  at  Grocers'   Hall.   1 


Glyn  s     communication,      340. 
Alderman    Peimington's   fuf'pi- 
cions  relative  to  the  Tower,  340, 
341.     Refolutions  againft  Killi- 
grew     and  Fleming,  341,  342. 
The  like  againft  Evil  Counf'cl- 
lors,   Proclan.atlons,   and  War- 
rants, 343.     Maynard's  effective 
Speeches,  344 — 346.  Sailor  Vol- 
unteer^ and  their  offers,  347  and 
note.     Directions  given   to   the 
'\  Water  Rati  ",  347,, 348.    Ar- 
rival of  the  Five  Members,  348. 
Common  People's  offers  at  this 
junf^ure,  348,  349.       Defenfive 
arrangements  made  for  return  to 
Wcftminfter,  350 — 352.  Hamp- 
den's   4000    men  from    Bucks, 
353>    3  54-     Lafl   aas  of  Com- 
mittee, 354 — 356. 
At     IVejiminJhr     again.       Re- 
fumption     of     their     feats     by 
the  Five  Members,  371.     Pro- 
ceedings on   the   occafion,    371 
— 373.   Bucks  Petition  and    its 
Guard  of  6;;oo,  374.    Qu^eflions 
about  the  King  anfwered,  375. 
Fruits     ot     Struggle     between 
Commons  and  Crov\n,  376.  Cafe 
between  the    two    parties    fum- 
med  up,  383  — 387.    St^  BiJhopSy 
Charles  I.   Clarendon y  D'Ezves, 
Five  Members,  Lent/ial. 
Compton,    Lord    (WarwickQiire) 
communicates  King's  anfwer  to 
Houfe's  Meffage,  210. 
Coniers,  Sir  John,  made  Lieutenant 
of  the  Tower,  3557/0/^.    Ground 
ot  King's  exception  ioh'wn, ibid. 
Coningfley,    Captain,    Lieutenant 
of    Onlnance,  examined  before 
Commons'  Committee,  334. 
Conway,  Vilcount,  37  note. 
Cooke,  Sir  Robert  (Tewkefbury), 
named  on  Committee  of  Safety, 
280. 

Copplcy's  Cafe,   temp.    Q.  Mary, 

305. 
Corbet,    Miles  (Yarmouth,   Nor- 


397 

Culpeper. 

folk),  purport  of  relation  made 
to  Houfe  by,  79  note. 
Cotton,   Sir    Robert,   one   of  the 
earliefl  Martyrs  of  the  Stuarts, 
40.   His  Sufferings  at  the  Seizure 
of  his  Books  and  MSS.  ibid.  note. 
Cromwell,    Oliver    (Cambridge), 
addrefles  House  on  Lord  New- 
port's difmiffal,  82.    Grounds  of 
his  complaint  againft  Lord  Brif- 
tol,  82,  83.     His  advice  on  the 
officering  of  the  Army,  85.  His 
complaint    relative    to    Captain 
O'Connel,  ibid.  note.     What  he 
laid  of  the  Bifliops  and  their  Pro- 
teftation,  95,  96.     Refleded  on 
in  Dering's  Book,  229.  Suggefts 
that  D'Ewes  write  an  anfwer  to 
fame,    230.     D'Ewes's    recom- 
mendation, per  contra,  231.  Not 
named  on  Committee  of  Safety, 
280. 
Crown  Jewels    carried   acrofs  the 
Channel,  and  why,   3,  4.  132, 
Pawned  by  the  Queen,  361. 
Culpeper,   Sir  John  (Kent),    ap- 
pointed    Chancellor     of      Ex- 
chequer,  II.  48.  49.  III.    267. 
His    obligations    to    and    inti- 
macy with  Lord  Digby,  11  and 
note.    Sufpicions  againfl  him  and 
his    coadjutors,    12.    iii,    112. 
Influence    on     Charles    of    the 
courfe    taken    by   him   and    his 
Parliamentary  affociates,  18.  Si- 
lent on  an  important  occafion, 
121.     Has   audiences    with  the 
King,  126,  140.     What  he  and 
his  friends  would  have  done  with 
the    Five   Members,    149    note. 
His  confidence  to  Dering,    152. 
How  he  and   his  affociates   en- 
deavoured to  evade  refJDonfibility, 
153,  154.    Holds  fecret  meetings 
with  Hyiie   and   Falkland,   209 
note.     His  horror  at   Sir  Peter 
Wentworth's     plain     fpeaking, 
242.    Named  on  Committee  of 
Safety,    215.    279,   280.      "Dif- 
pleafed  and  dejcded",  292,  293, 


39^  Index. 

CunningJia7n. 

His  unanfweied  queftlon,    375. 
See  alfo  279  note.  377,  384. 
Cunningham,  Mr.  Letter  of  MaiT- 
tori  found  by,  87,  note. 


Dandie,  Serjeant,  font  to  appre- 
hend the  Five  Members,  296. 
His  reception  by  "the  worfe 
fort  of  people  ",  297.   See  343. 

Dering,  Sir  Edward  (Kent),  in 
trouble  *'for  fomething  he  hath 
fpoke  in  the  Houfe  ",  26  note*. 
His  note  on  Charles's  overture 
to  Pym,  48.  His  MSS.  to  be 
publiHied  by  Camden  Society, 
48  note.  Source  of  his  Informa- 
tion, 152.  A«^  whereby  he  in- 
curred Houfe's  difpleafure,  228. 
D'Ewes's  reafons  for  voting  his 
exnulfion,  228,  229.  Sentence 
palled  on  him  and  his  Book, 
230.  Cromwell's  fuggcltion  as 
to  anfwering  fame,  230,  231. 
On  Bucks  Petitioners,  353  7iote. 
King's  flight  and  Commons' 
Proceedings,  359,  360.  Cava- 
liers' diltreflcs,  365  note.  *<  Ra- 
ther be  Pym  than  Charles", 
37:1.      His  friend  Bullock,  ibid. 

Derry  Plantation,  ziynote. 

D'Ewes,  Sir  Simonds  (Sudbury), 
Signs  of  danger,  19.  Notes  the 
King's  look,\o.  HisCharaacr 
ofLunlford,  34.  His  mifgivings, 
36,  37.  Recounts  Cotton's  fuf- 
ferings  at  feizure  of  his  Library, 
40  note.  King*s  intentions,  79, 
note.  Houfe's  proceedings  on 
firft  day  of  tumults,  81,  82. 
Charader  and  condition  of  his 
Journal  in  the  Harleian  Col- 
lection, 81  note.  "Long  Si- 
lences" in  the  Houfe,  84.  French 
Papirtical  Threats,  85.  Makes 
merry  over  Bifh ops' fall,  103 — 
105.  On  fubfequent  Proceed- 
ings of  Commons,  105,  106. 
Much  troubled  by  Pym's  pro- 
portion, 108.  His  Remarks  in 
oppofition,     109,    no.       Com- 


D"*  E-ives. 

mons'    Proceedings    on    King's 
refufal  of  a   Guard,    118,    119. 
Seizure  of  impeached  Members' 
Papers,!  20.  Ufages  of  the  Houfe 
in    his  day,    129  note.  223  note. 
Proceedings     on     the    4th     of 
January,    160.    161.    164.    169. 
173.  174.  175.      On  number  of, 
and  terror  excited  by,  the  King's 
Guards,  181. 183. 184.  Charles's 
Vifit   to  the   Houfe,    185,    186. 
Exprcffive   break  in  his  Narra- 
tive,   187,   188.      On   Charles's 
Corre6lions  of  his  Speech,   190, 
191.     King's  afpe6l  as  he  left 
the  Houfe,  193,  194.      Proceed- 
ings   after    King's     departure, 
195 — 200.     His  ufe  of  the  term 
"Young  Man",  198  and  note, 
279  note.     His  fenl'e  of  danger, 
how  marked,  201  and  note.    Not 
a  mere  party  man  :  his  ways  of 
life,   202.    219.     Light   thrown 
on  Hyde's  double  dealing,  209. 
210.  211.  212.  215.     Claim  of 
his   Journal    to   be  received   as 
authentic,  218.    Sir  W.  Lytton's 
compliment  to   him,  219.     His 
Service   to  Sir    Willian:,    ibid, 
note.       Epithets     beftowed     by 
him  on  Popular   Leaders,  220. 
Mutual  tolerance  between  him 
and  Pym,  ibid.     His  Pofition  in 
the  Houfe,  221.  Debates  where- 
in he  afted    as    moderator,   221 
— 227.  236.  238.  240.     303 — 6. 
Young     Lord     Strafford,     227 
note.     His  Part  in  difcuflion  on 
Bering's  condu6l,  228,  229.  His 
reply  to  Cromwell's  Suggelfion 
that  he  anfwer  Bering's  Book, 
230,  231.      Further  proof  of  his 
accuracy  :   How  he  makes  up  his 
Journal,  231—233.     Stands  up 
for  Note-taking,  233.     Hispo- 
lition   towards   and    opinion   of 
Lenthal,   233—235.      Rebukes 
Sir      Arthur      Hafelrig,     236. 
Avoids    Chair    of    Committee, 
239  note.      How   vote  of  alle- 


ti 


Index. 

D'Ewes. 

glance  to  Parliamentary  General 
was  carried,  240,  241.    His  note 
on  Sir  Peter  Wentworth's  "  fol- 
ly", 242.      Deteas   Chadwell's 
attempt     to    impofe    upon    the 
Houl'e,  244,  245.     His  fhare  in 
efforts  to  enforce  early  attend- 
ance :  how  the  divers  expedients 
worked,     245 — 249,       Oppofes 
Motion  for  Call  of  Houfe,  250. 
A  Stranger  in  the  Houfe,  251. 
Proceedingrs  on  reaflemblingr  of 
Houle,  5M   January  J   272.   275 
— 281.    Explains  caufe  of  Panic 
in   the   Houfe,  282,  283.     Sole 
Recorder  of  Guildhall  Sittings 
oi' 6t/i  Januarjy  300,  301.    City 
hofpitalitics,   302.       What  was 
firlt  debated,   ibid.     His    argu- 
ments againit    Motion  to  fend 
for    warrants,     303 — 305.    307, 
308.     Cafes   in  point   cited   by 
him,   305.      Why  applaud  him 
and  objea  to  Hyde  ?   305,  306 
notes.      His  Speech  commended 
by   the    Houfe,    308.       Pofition 
achieved  by  his  Argument,  310. 
Ilfue  raifed  by  Serjeant  Wilde, 
314.  315.  Reports  Houfe's  con- 
clulion  and   departs,    315,   316. 
Value  of  his  Journals    as    Cor- 
reaives  of  Clarendon's  mifftate- 


ments,  317.  Proofs  furniflied  by 
him  towards  that  end,  318,  319. 
Civic  Alarms  and  defenfive  pre- 
parations on  6///  January.,  321 
—  323.  One  caule  for  increafe 
of  Alarm:  325,  326.  His  ab- 
flraa  of  evidence  as  to  Outrage 
of  4///  January,  326 — 329. 
Speech  and  Motion  then  made 
by  him,  329,  330.  Again  dif- 
comfits  Serjeant  Wilde,  330 — 
332.  Avoids  Voting  on  Motion 
for  return  of  Five  Members,  332. 
On  number  and  objea  of  Bucks 
Petitioners,  353.  353  note.  354. 
374-  Proceedings  of  Committee, 
354 — 356.  Commons  uf'urpa- 
tions  why    neceffary,  356   note. 


399 

Dowfe, 

On  Pym's  traducers,    358  note. 
Lumley's  Story,  i6z  note.  Earns 
Lord   Holland's  approval,    363 
note.  On  forlorn  afpea  of  Court, 
364  note.     Soldiers'  Pikes,  374. 
Abrupt   clofe  of  his    narrative, 
375.       HopelefTnefs    of    middle 
courfe,  387.     See  alfo   88.  206. 
289.290.  291.    292.    293.   312. 
313.  370  note. 
Digby,  George,   Lord  :  conveyed 
out   of  England,    3,     Afferted 
fole  ad  viler  of  Charles's  Attempt, 
10,  II.      His  Friends  and  Col- 
leagues: Clarendon's  analyfis  of 
his  Charaaer,  1 1  note.      His  in- 
timacy with  Lunfford,    34,  35. 
Extent  of  his   refponfibility  for 
Lunfford's  appointment,  35  note. 
Confequence  of  his  Speech  on 
Strafford's  Attainder,  54.    Em- 
ployment defigncd  for  him  by 
the  King,  ibid.     Singled  out  for 
Royal  favour,  60.    HoUis's  com- 
plaint againll  him,  83.      Extent 
of  his  complicity  in  King's  ob- 
noxious   proceedings,     83.    84. 
His   Impeachment  refolved  on, 
84.     How  he  conduaed  himfelf 
on  Kimbolton's  Impeachment, 
1 1 6 — 1 18.    Further  note  on  the 
difloyal  condua  of  the  Digbys, 
119.     Clofcted  with  the  King, 
129.       Not    unwilling  to    pufli 
matters  to  extremities,  205.   His 
offer   to    take    Five    Members, 
dead    or  .alive,    205.    288.    322, 
Rumours   againll    him   and   his 
father,     206.      Not     the    only 
guilty   one   among  the   King's 
prompters,  208.      One  probable 
lefult    of    his     intimacy    with 
Hyde,    212.     Civic  alarm   pof- 
fibly  due  to  his  murderous  pro- 
jea,  322.      Charges  againfl  his 
father.     See  Brijioly  Earl  of. 

Dorfet,  Earl  of,  on  Col.  Lunfford's 
antecedents,  34.  34  note. 

Dowfe,    Capt.    (Corrclpondent  of 
Admiral    Pennington),   folicits 


400  Index. 

Dungawon, 

a   place   for  the   Admiral,    51 

note. 

Dungarvon,  Lord,  38. 
Dunlmore,  Lord,  34.  note. 
Durham,  Bifhop  ot,  at  the  door  of 
the   Houl'e,   102   7iote.     Lodged 


m  ''c 


lole  air,  '  104.,  105, 


Earle,  Sir  Walter  (Weymouth), 
Service  rendered  to  Mr.  Strode 
by,  179.  200.  His  motion  rela- 
tive to  Sir  Ralph  Hopton,  226. 
Why  D'Evvcs  rcfiltcd  ills  motion 
for  ♦*  calling  in  Bering's  Book", 
229.  Named  on  Committee  of 
Safety,  280. 

Echard,  the  Hiftorian,  Source  of 
anecdote  publilhcd  by,  126. 

Eikon  Bafilike,  Cliarles  s  Attempt 
on  the  Five  Members  correifliy 
interpreted  In  the,  2. 

Eliot,  Sir  John,  39,  40  note.  147 
note.  217  7iote. 

Elizabeth,  Q^ueen,  33  jiote.  305. 

Ellis,  Mr.  William  (Bolb)n)  brings 
Gray's  Inn  Reply,  176.  Made 
Chairman  of  Committee,  239 
note. 

Ellyng,  Henry,  Clerk  of  Commons, 
who  copies  from  Journals  of  ? 
232.  His  explanation  to  D'Ewes, 
233. 

Eilex,  Robert,  Earl  of,  joins  in 
the  Lunlford  Proteft,  36  note.  65. 
Military  appointment  conferred 
on  him,  57.  Commons  demand 
Guard  under  his  command,  109. 
Refuled,  1 12.  See  alfo  1 16  note. 
His  advice  to  the  Five  Members 
and  to  Kimbolton,  175.  200. 
DIfcovers  Hyde  clofeted  with 
the  King,  209  note.  How  Com- 
mons a<^>ed  when  he  was  pro- 
claimed traitor,  240.  Refufes  to 
attend  King  out  of  London,  361, 
362.  What  Clarendon  fays  of 
him,  362  note.  Libel  upon  him, 
ibid.  Honefter  man  than  Lord 
Holland,  363  note. 

Evelyn,  Sir  John  (Bletchingley), 


Fiennes. 

84.  Propofes  Hopton's  expul- 
fion,  225.  Comes  into  collifion 
with  D'Ewes,  226. 


Falkland,  Lucnis  Cary,  Lord 
(Newport,  Hants):  his  afferted 
ignorance    of   intended    Arrcft, 

11.  12.  His  intimacy  with  Lord 
Digby,  1 1  note.  Sufpitlons 
againll  him  and  his  Colleagues, 

12.  III.    112.       Influence    on 
Charles    of    tone     adopted    by 
tiicm,  18.    Appointed  Secretary 
and  Privy   Counfellor,  27  note, 
50.    Ill     and   notes.     324,    325 
notes.      Silent  on   an  Important 
occafion,  121.    Only  Member  of 
Commons    Deputation    ipoken 
to  by  the  King,  126.     Clofeted 
with  the  King,  140.      What  he 
and   his  Colleagues  would   have 
done    with  the    Five  Members, 
14.^  note.  Reports  King's  Reply 
to  Commons'  Meflage,  160.  At- 
tends private  Meeting  at  Hyde's 
lodgings,     209     note.      Excufes 
Hyde's  abfence,  215  note.  Copies 
from  the  Clerk's  Journals  night- 
ly, 232.     Named  on  Committee 
of  Safety,  215.  280.    As  to  Cla- 
rendon's adertion  of  his  being 
''dilpleafedand  dejefled",  292. 
293.     See   alfo   332.    377    384. 
386. 

Fane.     See  Vane. 

Fettlplace,    John    (Berks),    over- 
awed, 241. 

Fiennes,  Nathaniel  (Banbury),  38. 
Believed  to  be  **for  root  and 
branch",  47  note.  Caufe  of 
fudden  clofe  of  his  fpeech,  119. 
Appointed  a  manager  in  Confe- 
rence with  the  Lords,  121.  Ob- 
je6i:  of  another  Conference  on 
which  he  was  named,  173.  Re- 
fulutlon  moved  by  him,  174. 
His  relation  about  armed  crowds 
near  the  Houfe,  177.  Com- 
municates Intelligence  brought 
by    Langres,     17^8.     195.     329. 


li 


m 


Filmer. 

Q^ialifying  epithet  beftowed 
upon  him  by  D'Ewes,  220. 
Named  on  Committee  of  Safety, 
280.  Purport  of  Meflage  to 
Lords  propofed  by  him,  281. 
Prominent  in  Guildhall  Com- 
mittee Debates,  303.  309.  316. 

Filmer,  Sir  Robert,  and  his  fol- 
lowers, 166. 

Five  Members,  arreft  of  the,  mif- 
reprefented  by  Clarendon,  i. 
Interpretation  put  on  the  a6^  In 
the  Eikon  Bafilikey  2.  Summary 
of  the  Seven  Articles  oTTreafon 
agalnft    them   and    Kimbolton, 

113.  114.  Copy  of  the  MS. 
Articles  In  State  Paper  Office, 

114,  115  notes.  Seizure  of  their 
papers  by  King's  Warrant,  120. 
Their  perfons  demanded  by 
King's  Serjeant,  122.  Courfe 
taken  by  Houfe  on  this  de- 
mand, 123.  Ordered  to  attend 
Houfe  daily,  124.  Reafon  why 
they  withdrew,  145.  What 
Charles's  new  Miniflers  thought 
of  their  guilt,  149.  How  Falk- 
land, Culpeper,  and  Hyde  would 
have  difpofed  of  them,  ibid.  note. 
Views  oft  he  arreft  held  by  King's 
party  after  its  failure,  1 50 — i  52. 
Members  fucceflively  defend 
themfclves,  161  —  168.  Im- 
peachment voted  a  "Scandalous 
Paper,"  172.  Lord  E flex's  Mef- 
fage  and  advice  to  them,  175. 
Proceedingson their  re-entrance, 
177,178.  Leave  given  to  them 
toabfcnt  themfelves,  179.  Dlg- 
by's  offer  to  feize  them  dead  or 
alive,  205.  288.  322.  What 
William  Lilly  thought  of  their 
arreft  and  of  the  King's  inten- 
tions, 217  note.     Their  place  of 

'Refuge  in  the  City,  253.  City's 
anfwer  to  demand  for  them,  267, 
268.  New  Proclamation  agalnft 
them,  269 — 271.  Credibility  of 
aflertion  that  they  were  in  no 
danger,  289.     **  Five  Members' 


Index.  40 1 

Fuller. 

March  ",  306  note.  Vane's  mo- 
tion with  regard  to  them,  316. 
Commons'  Declaration  agalnft 
their  arreft,  319,  320.   Exclama- 


tion of  a  King's  Guard  on  not 
finding  them  in  the  Houfe,  328. 
Purpol'e  aimed  at  by  way  in 
which  King  came  to  demand 
them,  329.  Their  attendance 
at  Committee  refolved  on,  332. 
How  the  King  met  this  defiance 
of  his  threats,  332,  333.  Order 
for  their  public  appearance  re- 
newed, 333.  Further  Procla- 
mation agalnft  them  condemned 
by  the  Commons,  333,  334. 
London  invaded  by  their  Con- 
ftituents,  338,  339.  No  greater 
breach  of  privilege  than  their 
accufation,  345.  How  greeted 
on  their  return,  348,  369 — 371. 
Thanked  by  the  Committee, 
349.  Hampden  the  firft  to 
break  filence,  353.  See  Com- 
mons. Hampden.  Hafelrig.  Hoi- 
lis.  Pym.  Strode. 

Fleming,  Sir  Wm.  ordered  into 
Cuftody,  125.  Court  Guards 
put  under  his  command,  147. 
177'  328.  Delivers  Mefllige 
from  King  to  Inns  of  Court, 
176.  Charged  with  Confpiracy, 
341,  342. 

Fleury,  a  Frenchman,  nature  of 
warning  given  by,  86,  329. 

Francis,  Mr.  King's  Serjeant-at- 
Arms  ;  how  received  by  the  Com- 
mons, 121,  122,  123.  124.  302. 

French  Interference  threatened 
againft  Englifli  Liberties,  85. 
Infolence  of  a  French  prieft,  86. 
Obligation  of  the  popular  Lead- 
ers to  French  Informants,  ibid. 

Forfter's  Hiftoricaland  Biographi- 
cal Eflays  :  references  to,  i.  8. 
20.  23.  63.  88.  92.  198.  208, 
219.  230,  235.  284.  289.  299. 
321.  notes. 

Fuller,  Dr.  Subjeft  of  Petition 
againft,  249. 


402 

Garrett. 

Garrett,  Sheriff  Charles's  mo- 
tive in  offering  to  dine  with,  262. 
Entertains  the  King,  263.  266. 

Gerbier,  Sir  Balthazar,  56  fiote. 

Gerrar(l,Sir  Gilbert  (Middlefex), 
Ipeaks  agalnft  Lunfford,  56. 

GibbesjWiil  and  his  empty  purfe, 
355  note. 

Glyn,  John  (Wertminfter),  lent 
up  to  impeach  Bifhops,  loi. 
Watch  duty  impoled  on  him, 
I  ID.  A  Manager  in  conferences 
Avith  the  Lords,  121.  173. 
Epithet  beftowed  upon  him  by 
D'Ewes,  220.  Committees  on 
which  he  was  nominated,  275. 
276.  277.  280.  316.  His  com- 
pliment to  D'Ewes:  308.  310. 
Follows  D'Ewes :  purport  of 
his  Speech,  308,  309.  Leader 
in  Pym's  ahfence,  309.  Reports 
Lord  Herbert's  loyalty,  340. 
His  bafenefs  at  the  reltoration, 
344.  Pepys's  glee  over  his 
accident,  344,  note.     See  342. 

Goring,  George  (Portfmouth),  ob- 
jeft  of  Confpiracy  with  Percy, 
246. 

Goodwin,  Arthur  (Bucks),  ap- 
pointed a  Teller,  279.  Mo\es 
admiffion  of  Bucks  Petitioners, 

373- 
Gourney,  Sir  Richard, Lord  Mayor, 

made  a  Baronet,  22.  Solicited  to 
fend  Military  Aid  to  King,  156. 
How  his  Inllru^lions  were  car- 
ried out,  254  «o/^.  His  extra- 
ordinary Powers,  259.  Supprclles 
alarms,  323. 

Grays  Inn,  Copy  of  Royal  Letter 
to  Benchers  of,  147.  148.  notes. 
Their  Reply  to  the  Commons 
Meflage,  176.  See  Inns  of 
Court. 

Grey  Anchetil,  126.  137,  138. 

Grey  de  Weik,  Lord,  36  note. 

Grimfton,  Harbottle  (Colcheftcr) 
309.  316.  Leads  dcbatcon  breach 
of  Privilege,  272.  Summary  of 
his  Speech,  272 — 275.     Named 


Index. 


Index. 


Hampden. 

on  Committee  of  Safety,  280. 
Subjefl  of  his  Speech  handled 
in  detail,  302. 

Grocers  Hall  Sittings.  See  Com- 
mons. 

Guildhall.     See  City. 

Guildhall  Sittings.   ^^^  Commons. 

Guizot's  Resolution  if  Angleterre, 
merits  of,  and  of  Mr.  Scoble's 
Tranflation,  368.  369  notes. 

Hacket,  Bifhop,  Story  told  of  a 
Hampihire  Vicar  bv,  63  note. 
His  account  of  the  Wellminller 
Tumults,  89  note.  His  Scrinia 
Referata  worth  reprinting  as  a 
Curiolity  of  Literature,  90  note. 
His  whimfical  vituperation  ot 
Milton,  ibU.  Extent  of  his  ac- 
quaintance with  Englirti  Poets, 
91  note.  His  lament  for  the  Im- 
peached Biflio})s,  101  7iote. 

Hall,  Jofeph,  Bifliop  of  Norwich, 
Account  by,  of  what  led  to  the 
Bifhops'  Protert,  93 — 95.  Hour 
at  which  *'  we  were  voted  to  the 
Tower",  101  note.  Thankful 
at  not  being  Black  Rod's 
prilbner,  105  note. 

Hallam,  Henry,  View  taken  of 
Charles's  conduft  by,  not  con- 
fonant  with  King's  Chara6^er, 
127  and  note.  Scope  of  His 
note  on  Q^ieen's  intended 
Journey  to  Spa,  132  note.  In- 
advertent milquotation  by  him, 
170  note.  His  view  of  Impeach- 
ment of  Five  Members,  216 
and  note. 

Hamilton,  Marcjuis  of,  "to  be 
difplaced  ",  30  note.  Finds 
Hyde  clofcted  with  the  King, 
209  note.     See  Montrofe. 

Hampden,  John  (Bucks,  one  of 
the  Five  Accufed),  Claren- 
don's infinuation  regarding,  12. 
Charles's  contemplated  charge 
agalnft  him,  12.  14.  15.  Cla- 
rendon as  to  refult  of  ofier  of 
place  to  him,   13  note.     Songs 


fe 


m 


Harley. 

and  libels  on  him  16,  17.  119 
note^  33  5  note,  State-Offices  to 
which  he  was  defignatcd,  54, 
55.  58.  His  papers  feized  by 
King's  Warrant,  120.  Jufllfies 
refinance  to  an  unconftitutional 
King,  166.  His  Confeflion  of 
Faith,  167,  168.  "Acrimonious 
condition  of  his  blood",  168  and 
note.  His  "Serpentine Subtlety": 
what  he  really  was,  169 — 171. 
Clarendon's  eftimate  of  his  cha- 
ra^fer,  169,  170  and  «o/^.  Unity 
of  purpoi'e  between  'him  and 
Pym,  171,  172.  Their  opinion 
of  Clarendon  ;  Hampden's 
*'  Snappifhnefs",  172  note.  Epi- 
thet beflowed  upon  him  by 
D'Ewes,  220.  Petitioners  for 
him,  339.  Firft  of  the  Five  to 
break  filence  after  Arrefl,  353. 
Determined  fpirit,  354.  King's 
hope  concerning  him,  380.  See 
BuckinghaytjJIiire .  Fi've  Mem- 
bers. See  alio  47  note,  \-j-j. 
178.  182  note.  198.  213 
note.  245.  267.  270.  271 
281.   295.    311   note.   320. 

357-  371-  373. 
Harley,  Sir  Robert  (HerefordHiire), 
reports   as     to    Captain    Hide, 

354,  3  55-355  f'Ot^- 
Halelrig,  Sir  Arthur  (Leicefter- 
fliire,  one  of  the  Five  Ac- 
cul'ed),  reports  infolence  of  a 
French  pritft,  86.  His  account 
as  to  Lady  Carlille  and  the 
Qj.ieen,  140.  141,  Clarendon's 
contemptuous  allufion  to  him, 
149  note.  Defends  himfelf 
againll  Impeachment,  165.  His 
age  at  the  period,  198  note. 
Allufions  to  him  in  Royalilt 
Songs,  199  note.  Epithet  be- 
Ifowcd  upon  him  by  D'Ewes, 
220.  Rebuked  by  D'Ewes  for 
taking  the  Speaker  to  talk,  236. 
See  Five  Members.  See  alio  177, 
178,  179.  182  note.  198.  269.  271 
note.  311   tiote.   320.   348.   371. 


225 
note. 
348. 


Herbert. 

Hay,  Lord,  Lady  Carlifle's  huf- 
band,  136  note. 

Heath,  Chronicler,  on  movements 
of  the  Five  Members,  178  note. 

Henrietta  Maria,  Queen  of 
Charles  I.,  by  whom  conveyed 
acrofs  Channel,  3.  Windebank's 
Secret  Underltanding  with  her, 
49  note.  50  note.  WHliam  Lilly 
on  Secret  Counfels  of  herfelf 
and  Party,  65  note.  Vk  made 
of  their  knowledge  of  Court 
Secrets  by  French  people  about 
her,  86.  88.  130,  131.  138,  139. 

King's  unconllitutionalafts,  how 
far  due  to  her  ififluence  and 
intermeddling,  129 — 131.  Her 
defigns  truly  fulpefled  by  the 
Commons,  131,  132.  Five 
Members'  impeachment  trace- 
able to  her  own  fear  of  accu- 
fation,  132,  133.  Lady  Carlifle's 
pofTible  motives  for  betraying 
her  Secrets.  (SceCar/i/Ie).  Words 
wherewith  fhe  is  laid  to  have 
incited  the  King,  138.  140. 
Mifleads  herfelf  and  betrays  her 
Secret,  139.  Source  of  her  felf- 
reproach  on  the  King's  failure, 
146.  Accompanies  King  in  his 
fl'gli^  359-  361.  366.  368. 
Courfe  relblved  on  by  her,  360. 
Carries  off  and  pawns  Crown 
Jewels,  361.  Lying  with  her 
Children,  365  note.  Reproaches 
King  for  abandoning  firlt  relblve 
againft  Five  Members,  368. 

Herbert,  Sir  Edward  (Old  Sarum), 
Attorney-General,  delivers  Im- 
peachment of  Five  Members 
to  the  Lords,  112.  DilHaims 
having  adviled  fuch  Impeach- 
ment, 113.  128.  113.  128.  312. 
What  credit  Strode  gave  to  his 
denial,  128 /70/^.  313.  See  348. 
371-  379- 

Herbert,  Sir  Henry  (Bewdley), 
fpeaks  in  mitigation  of  Hopton's 
Offence,  225. 

Herbert,  Lord,  a  Catholic   Peer, 


404 

Hertford. 

why  complimented  by  Com- 
mons, 340. 

Hertford,  William  Seymour,  Mar- 
quis of,  gives  note  of  alarm  to 
the  Biftiops,  93.  Inference  de- 
ducible  therefrom,  95. 

Heylyn,  Dr.  Peter,  chara6leriftic 
extra61s  from  Laud's  Life  by, 
102,  103  and  note. 

Hide,  Captain  David,  with  his 
fword  upright,  185.  His  cha- 
racter and  career,  ibid,  note. 
Lord  Lieutenant  willing  to  dif- 
able  him,  354,  355,  355  note. 

Hill,  Roger  (Bridport),  brings  up 
Inner  Temple  Reply,  176. 

Hippifley,  Sir  J.  (Cockermouth), 
named  on  Committee  of  Safety, 
280. 

Hiitory,  how  it  may  be  written, 
289 — 294. 

Hobbes,  Thomas,  on  fharers  in 
King's  refponfibility,  140,  141. 
On  King's  reful'al  todii'clofe  his 
Advifers'  names,  141  note. 

Holborne's  R.  (St.  Michael's), 
Argument  for  giving  weight  to 
a  minority,  20.  Another  argu- 
ment of  his,  zggnote. 

Holland,  Sir  John  (Caftle  RIfmg), 
in  conflift  with  Speaker  Lenthal, 
237,238.  Finds  defolate  Court 
at  Wind  for,  364  note. 

Holland,  Lord,  36  note.  75.  209 
note.  In  difgrace  with  the  King, 
29  note.  How  *'  the  fpeech 
goes  "  with  regard  to  him  and 
others,  30  note.  Offers  up  his 
place,  361.  Refufes  to  attend 
King,  362  note.  Libel  upon 
him,  ibid.  Contrail  between 
him  and  EfTex,  363  note. 

Hollis,  Denzil  (Dorchefter,  one  of 
the  Five  Accufed),  Clarendon's 
Speculations  on  poifible  refult  of 
offer  of  place  to,  13  770/^.  Office 
propofcd  to  be  conferred  on 
him,  54.  55,  58.  Denounces 
Lord  Digby,  83.  Delivers  to 
Charles  the  Commons'  Demand 


Index, 


179. 

182 

note. 

198. 

232. 

269. 

271 

note. 

311 

note. 

348. 

317. 

HoTvard. 

for  a  Guard,  109.  His  Papers 
feized  by  King's  Warrant,  119, 
120.  302.  Defends  himfelf 
againft  the  Impeachment,  165. 
Inquired  for  by  the  King,  191. 
His  age  at  this  period,  198  note. 
AUufions  to  him  in  Royalifl 
Songs,  199  note.  How  D'Ewes 
characterized  him,  220.  His 
motion  in  favor  of  young  Lord 
Strafford,  227  ?iote.  His  motion 
for  Call  of  Houi'e,  250.  Anfwers 
Chomley's  Qjjeffion,  375.  See 
Fi've  Members.  See  alio  47  note. 
177.  178. 
225  note. 
279   note. 

379- 
Hopton,  Sir  Ralph   (Wells),  136 

note.  zi^.    Incurs  ccnliire  of  the 

Houfe,  223,  224.     Clarendon's 

verfion  of  his  Charge  againil  the 

Houfe,  224  note.     His  expulfion 

moved,  225.    D'Ewes  fpeaks  in 

mitigation,  226.   Determination 

come  to,  226,  227.      His  reafon 

foroppofmg  Dering's  expulfion, 

228.      Attempts  an   Excufe  for 

the  King's  condu«5f,  275.   277. 

278.   Nominated  on  Committee 

of  Safety,    280.     Epithet  given 

to  him  byRufhworth,293.  Duty 

afligned  him  in  anticipation  of 

fecond   Vifit    from   King,    338. 

Hotham,  John  (Scarborough),  be- 
haves difrefpeCf  fully  to  the 
Houfe,  249. 

Hotham,  Sir  John  (Beverley),  de- 
puted to  carry  melfage  to  King, 
123.  126.  Named  a  manager  of 
conference  with  the  Lords,  173. 
His  remark  on  King's  Speech 
in  Houfe,  195.  Named  on  Com- 
mittee of  Safety,  280.  Charged 
with  Confpiracy,  341,  342. 

Houfes  of  Commons  and  Lords. 
See  Commons.  Lords.  Parlia- 
ment. 

Howard   de    Efcricke,    Lord,    36 
note. 


Index, 


Ho-juell. 

Howell's  Letters,  beft  account  of 
the  Spanifh  Match  contained  in, 
82  note. 

Hume,  David,  milled  by  Claren- 
don, 289. 

Hundldon,  Lord,  37  note. 

Hungerford,  Sir  Edward  (Chip- 
penham), named  on  Committee 
of  Safety,  280. 

Hutchinfon,  Mrs.  on  number  of 
King's  Guard,  181. 

Hyde,  Edward  (Saltafh).  See 
Clarendon,  Edivard,  Earl  of. 


the    Bifhops. 


Impeachment  of 
See  Bijhops. 

Impeachment  of  the  Five  Mem- 
bers.    See  Fi've  Members. 

Inns  of  Court,  Armed  Affiftance 
fought  from  the,  147.  King's 
Letter  in  1628  for  Volunteer 
Guard,  147.  148  notes.  Pro- 
ceedings in  Houfe  before  the 
arreft,  160.  Meffage  refolved 
on,  161.  Anecdote  related  by 
Ludlow,  161  note.  Anfwer  of 
each  Inn  to  Commons'  Meffage, 
176,  177. 

Irifh  Affairs,  references  to  and 
motions  on,  276.  281.  282.  290 
note.     299.  300.  354.  355. 

James  the  First's  welcome  to 
the  "twal  Kynges",  40. 

Jenkin,  Lieutenant,  what  Captain 
Langres  heard  from,  328. 

Jeffon,  Alderman  W.  (Coventry), 
called  to  account  for  his  fierce 
looks,  239,  240.  Incurs  Mr. 
Speaker's  anger,  241. 

Jefuit  Priefls  reprieved  from  exe- 
cution, 31.  Commotion  excited 
thereby,  32  and  note.  Prifon 
for  offenders  of  this  clafs, 
88.  ' 

Jonfon,  Benj  Bifhop  Hacket's  ef- 
timation  of,  91  note. 

KiLLEGREw,  Harry  (Weft  Looe), 
novel  dodrine  propounded  by. 


405 

Larking. 

243 >    244-     Anecdote   of    him 
related  by  Clarendon,  243  note. 
Trouble  into  which  his  incon- 
fideratenefs  brought  him,  244. 
Trick  attempted   by  his  friend 
Chadwell,  244,  245.     His  obli- 
gations to  D'Ewes,  245.     Ex- 
tent  of   his    punifhment,    ibid, 
note. 
Killigrew,      Sir      William,      or- 
dered   Into    cuftody    by    Com- 
mons, 125.  Mafter  Longe's dia- 
mond hatband  and   ring,   ibid, 
note.      Sent   round   to   Inns  of 
Court  by  the  King,   147.  148. 
176.    Charged  with  Confpiracy, 
341,  342. 
Kimbolton,  Lord  {See  alfo   Man- 
deville,  Lord),  36  note.      Why 
charged  with  Treafon,    14,   15. 
Clarendon's    objection     to    his 
being    included,    15    note.    149 
note.    His  doings  watched  :  His 
confultations     with    Pym    and 
others,  15,   16,  37.      Warning 
fent   to     him   by    Marflon   the 
Dramatifl,  87.    117.      Copy  of 
Marfton's     Letter,     ibid.    note. 
Source    of  Marfton's   informa- 
tion,  88.      Articles  of  treafon 
againft  him  and  the  Five  Mem- 
bers,  113,  114.     How   he   met 
the  charge,  116.  Embarraffment 
and  flight  of  his  expe6fed  accu- 
fer,  116— n8.      Lady  Carlifle's 
mtercourfe     with     him,      133. 
Lord    Effex's    warning  to  him, 
200.      Omitted     from    King's 
Proclamation,    269.      See    alfo 
pp.  205.  269. 
Kirton,  Mr.  (Milborne  Port),  279. 

Langres,  Captain,  fource  of  war- 
nings received  by,  86.  Nature 
and  fcope  of  his  evidence,  147. 
His  communication  to  Fiennes 
178  and  note.  197.  200.  Fuller 
report  of  his  Evidence,  328.  329. 

Larking,  Rev.  Lambert  j    Surren- 
den  Papers   to    be    edited   for 


4o6  Index. 

Late  he. 
the  Camden  Society  by,  4.8,  49 
notes. 

Latche,  John,  recounts  his  failure 
to  enforce  obedience  to  the 
King's  Warrant,  159. 

Laud,  William,  Archbifhop  of 
Canterbury,  tyranny  of,  broken 
down  by  Pym,  41.  His  rule, 
not  the  Church  itfelf,  obnoxious 
to  Pym,  47.  He  and  his  old 
rival  in  prifon  together,  102. 
Makes  merry  over  a  caricature 
of  his  rival,  103.  Civilities 
between  him  and  his  fellow- 
pri Toners,  103  note. 

Leicefter,  Earl  of,  37  note.  54.281. 

Leighton,  Dr.    relieved   by  Mem- 


bers' Fines,  249. 
Lenthal,  William  (Woodftock), 
Speaker  of  the  Houfe  of  Com- 
mons, 22.  His  apprehenlions 
of  the  refulfs  of  his  continu- 
ing Speaker,  23.  Clarendon's 
portraiture  of  him,  ibid.  note. 
His  obfequious  Letter  to  Secre- 
tary Nicholas,  24,  25.  His 
fecond  thoughts  on  fame  fub- 
je6l,  28.  His  fecond  Letter  to 
Nicholas,  ibid,  note  f .  His  me- 
morable reply  to  Charles's  de- 
mand for  the  Five  Members, 
191,  192.  Amenities  between 
him  and  D'Ewes,  229.  231.  Im- 
preflions  of  his  charafter  as  in- 
dicated in  D'Ewes's  Journal, 
232.  His  condu6l  at  the  Rello- 
ration  contrafted  with  North- 
umberland's, 234  and  note. 
Always  a  time-ferver,  235.  His 
conflifts  with  Members  of  the 
Houfe,  236.  238.  241.  Violates 
precedent  by  voting  in  a  divi- 
fion,  237.  Inftanccs  in  which 
D'Ewes  fets  him  right,  238. 
239.  247.  His  deficiencies  as 
Speaker,  ibid.  Rebuked  for 
coming  late  to  the  Houfe,  248. 
Effe6t  of  his  example  on  another 
Member,  248,  249.  See  alfo 
J78.  219.  252. 


Lords. 

Lewis,  Lady  Therefa;  her*' Cla- 
rendon Gallery",  55  note. 

Lichfield,  Bifhop  of,  at  door  of 
Houfe,  102  note. 

Lilly,  William,  on  outbreak  of 
Weftminfter  tumults,  64  note. 
Puritans  and  Courtiers,  64,  65 
notes.  On  the  tumults,  and  on 
King  and  Queen's  doings,  65 
note.  On  Charles's  manner  of 
Speech,  192  note.  On  arreft  of 
Members,  King's  condu^i,  &c. 
2 1 7  note.  Afpeft  of  London  on 
Sunday,  ^th  Jan.  (1641-2), 
338. 

Lincoln,  Earl  of,  37  note. 

Lincoln's  Inn  Reply  to  Common's 
Meflage,  176.   ^qq  Inns  of  Court. 

Lindfay,  Robert  Earl  of,  chofen 
Commander  of  Guard  to  Par- 
liament, 1 16  note. 

Lifle,  Lord  (Yarmouth,  Hants), 
moves  refolution  on  Irifli  affairs, 
281. 

Littleton,  Sir  Edward  (StafFord- 
fliire).  Lord  Keeper,  receives 
Bifhops'  Proteftation  from  the 
King,  95.  His  (hare  in  impeach- 
ment of  Five  Members,  112, 1 13. 
Attorney-General  Herbert's  re- 
queft  to  him,  312. 

Liturgy,  City  Petition  againft  en- 
forcement of,  32  note. 

London,  City  of,  mul6ted  of  its 
Plantation  of  Derry,  217  note. 
See  City. 

Long,  Mr.  Walter  (Ludgerftiall), 
named  on  Committee  of  Safety, 
280. 

Lords,  Houfe  of,  refufe  to  join  in 
Petition  for  Luniford's  removal, 
36  note  J  65  and  note*.  Prottfting 
Peers  in  this  and  D.  of  Rich- 
mond's cafe,  36  note.  37  note. 
Their  prompt  a£}ion  on  im- 
peachment of  Bifhops,  100. 
Vote  come  to  by  them,  100, 
loi.  Biftiop  Hackett  on  their 
"  anti-epifcopal  fournefs  ",  loi 
note.      Alpe^l   of  Houfe   after 


Ludlouu. 

Birtiops'  Committal,  104.     Im- 
peachment  of    Five    Members 
delivered  to  Houfe,  112.     Join 
with  Commons  in  demand  for 
Guard,  115.     Copy  of  King's 
reply,  1 1 6  note. 
Ludlow,   Edmund,    anecdote    re- 
lated by,  161  note.      On  number 
and    equipment     of     Charles's 
Guards   when    he   entered   the 
Houfe,  180.    Anecdote  of  Lord 
Northumberland,  235  note. 
Ludlow,   Sir    Henry    (,Wilt(hlre), 
moves   Vote  againft  Killegrew 
and    Fleming,   341.     Refult  of 
Difcuifion  thereon,  342. 
Lumley,  Walter,  fcurrilitles  heard 

by,  362  note. 
Lunfford  Sir  Thomas,  appointed 
Governor  of  the  Tower,  34. 
His  character  and  antecedents, 
34)  35-  Objeft  in  appointing 
him,  35,  36.  Clarendon's  ver- 
fion  oi  his  appointment,  35  note. 
Commons  Iblicit  his  removal, 
37.  Day  on  which  his  War- 
rant was  figned,  61.  His  ap- 
pointment cancelled,  62.  Lords 
decline  to  petition  for  his  dif- 
miflal,  36.  65.  2Lnd  note.  Sidney 
Bere's  report  thereon,  69.  Su- 
perfeded,  knighted,  and  pen- 
fioned,  70  and  note.  EfFeft  of 
his  difmiffal  on  the  people,  71. 
Captain  Slingftjy  on  fame  fub- 
je(5l,  77.  Led  aftault  in  Weft- 
minfter Hall,  82.  185  note. 
Willing  to  help  in  any  defperate 
affair,  205.  322.  Stapel ton's 
farcaftic  allufion  to  him,  322 
note.  Excites  fears  in  the  City, 
366,  367.  His  name  and  Dig- 
by's  coupled,  367  note. 
Lytton,  Sir  William  (Herts), 
compliments  Sir  Simonds 
D'Ewes,  «i9.  D'Ewes's  fcr- 
vices  to  him,  ibid.  note.  His 
Suggeftion  to  Houfe,  276.  No- 
minated on  Committee  of  Safety, 
280. 


Index,  407 

Miiton. 
Macaulay,  Lord,  authority  cited 


in  Eftays  of,  312. 

Majorities  and  Minorities,  their 
refpe6iive  rights,  &c.  9.  18.  20. 

Manchefter,  Earl  of,  16.  34  note, 
94. 

Mandeville,  Lord,  puts  In  his  claim 
for  office,  54.  Withdraws  in  fa- 
vour of  Hollis,  55.  Impeached 
with  Five  Members,  182  note, 
311  note.     See  Kimbolton. 

Manuscript  Authorities  cited 
or  referred  to  :  See  Bere.  Carte- 
rett.  Bering.  D'Exves.  Donvfe, 
Latche.  Marjlon.  Nicholas. 
Porter.  Sling/hy.  Smith  [Thos.). 
Windebank.   Wife  man  {Thomas). 

Markham,  John  (Chief  Juftice 
temp.  Edw.  IV.)  on  King's 
right  of  arreft,  312. 

Marfton,  John,  warns  Lord  Kim- 
bolton, 87.  117.  Copy  of  his 
Letter,  ibid.  note.  His  fources 
of  information,  88. 

Marten,  Harry  (Berkftiire),  carries 
Houle's  Meffage  to  Lord  New- 
port, 37.  How  D'Ewes  cha- 
ra61erifed  him,  220. 

Mary,  Queen,  305. 

Maftiam,  Sir  W.  (Effex),  oppofes 
Luniford's  appointment,  36. 

Maxwell,  James,  Uftier  of  Black 
Rod  and  his  Epifcopal  prifoners, 
105  and  note.  Sent  by  the  King 
for  Ru/h worth,  251. 

May,  Thomas,  on  King's  Vifit  to 
City,  1 30,  1 3 1  notes.  On  King's 
right  to  withhold  names  of  his 
advifers,  141  note.  On  number 
and  equipment  of  King's  Guards 
on  entering  Houfe,  180,  181. 
Miftakesmade  by  him,  1^2  note. 

Maynard,  John  (Totnefs),  a6live 
in  debate,  309.  Able  Speech 
by,  344—347.  His  bafenefs  at 
the  Reftoration,  344. 

Merchants  of  London  in  Charles's 
time,  253,  254. 

Milton,  John,  vituperated  by 
Biftiop  Hacket,  90,  91  notes. 

E  £  2 


4^8  Index, 

Mildmay. 

Mildmay,  Sir  Henry  (Maiden), 
complains  of  Mr.  Jeflbn's^fierce 
look,  239,  240.  Rebukes 
Speaker  Lenthal,  248. 

Montreuil,  French  AmbafTador, 
warns  popular  Leaders,  86. 131. 
328. 

Montrofe,  James  Graham,  Lord, 
made  a  Marquis,  17.  His  offer 
to  kill  Argyle  and  Hamilton, 
284,  285,  286  notes. 

Moore,  Mr.  and  the  Clerk's  Jour- 
nals, 232. 

Morton,  Father,  has  a  great  mind 
to  accufe  Secretary  Windebank, 
224,  225  notes. 

Motteville,  Madame  de,  a  fuf- 
pe(51ed  Betrayer  of  Court  Secrets, 
86.  Incidents  Itated  in  her 
Memoirs,  130.  138.  139.  146. 

Murray,  William,  fufpe6>ed  of 
betraying  Court  Secrets,  15 
note.  Clofeted  with  the  King 
and  Queen,  139.  Q^ieen's  de- 
fignation  of  him,  ibid.  note. 
Murrayes,  the,  27  note. 


Nalson,  John,  on  the  caufe  of  the 
Weftminller  tumults,  65  note.* 

Nelfon,  Rev.  Mr.  fneers  at  Pym's 
Scholarfhip,  358  note. 

Napier,  Mr.  on  Montrofe's  mur- 
derous offer,  284,  285,  286 
notes. 

Newburgh,  Lord,  34,  note.  To 
be  Mafler  of  the  Wards,  58. 

Newgate,  attacked  by  the  Citi- 
zens, 32  and  note, 

Newport,  Lord,  36  note.  37  note. 
Requefted  to  take  Command  of 
Tower,  37.  Dil'mifled  by  the 
King,  ibid.  Nature  of  Charge 
againit  him :  Charles'sdemeanour 
towardshim,  37 — 39.  Hisdifmif- 
fal  debated  in  the  Commons,  82. 

Nicholas,  Sir  Edward,  Secretary 
of  State  j  appoints  Sidney  Bere 
Under-Secretary,  5.  Communi- 
cates Lord  Kimbolton's  doings 
to  the  King,  15,  16.     Vengeful 


O^Connel. 
purport  of  the    King's   letters, 
17,  18.     Speaker  Lenthal's  ob- 
fequioufnefs,  24,  25.28  note\, 
Sidney  Bere's   teflimony   to  his 
worth,  26,  27  note  f.    "  Sworne 
Secretary  of  State  and  knighted", 
28     note.     49.       Communicates 
Court  GofCp  to  Admiral  Pen- 
nington, 54,  55.     King's  letters 
to    him     from     Scotland,    57. 
Further      news      on      Official 
changes,  ibid.     Why  he  obje6ls 
to     Ecclefiaftical     Reform,    58. 
His  lift  of  Popular  Leaders  de- 
fignated  for    office,   ibid.     Pre- 
mature in    his  anticipations  of 
DiihiifTal,  59.     IfTues  new  Pro- 
clamation againft  Finje  Members^ 
269.  His  Inftru6lions,  269,  270. 
His  precaution  in  taking  King's 
Orders,  271.  271  note.     His  con- 
nexion with    Order  relative    to 
Trained  Bands,  3  24  note.    Griefs 
of  felf  and  wife,  362,  363.     See 
alfo  49  note.  140.  155.  257  note. 
North,  Lord,  36  note,  37  note. 
Northcote,  Sir  John  (Afliburton), 
bold  avowal  by,  242,  243.    Oc- 
cafion  on  which  fame  was  made, 
243  note. 
Northumberland,  Algernon  Percy, 
Earl    of.    Lord    Admiral :    In- 
tended I'uccefTor  to,  4.     Joins  in 
Proteil  relative  to  Lunlford's  ap- 
pointment, 36  note.  65.    Dowfe*s 
Vifits  to  him  on    Pennington's 
behalf,  51  «o/f.  Leads  the  Lords 
in  the  Bifhops'  cafe,   loo.     His 
change  to  the  popular  fide,  135. 
His    condu6l     contrafled    with 
Lenthal's,  234,  235  notes.     Re- 
torts on    the   King,   382.     See 
alio  37  note.  76  note.  100.  297. 
Note-taking,    D'Ewes's  comment 
on     propofal     for    preventing, 
233. 

O'CONNEL,  Captain  Owen,  Crom- 
well's complaint  relative  to,  85 
note. 


Ogle. 

Ogle,  Captain,   depofes  to  hoflile 
intention  of  King's  Guard,  327. 
Oudart,  Mr.  204  note. 
Owen,  Captain,  76  note, 

Paget,  Lord,  37  note. 

Palmer's,  Geoffrey  (Stamford), 
Proteil  againfl  the  Remon- 
ftrance,  and  its  Refult,  7,  8.  Ef- 
itEi  on  Charles  of  courfe  taken 
by  him  and  his  affociates,  18. 

Palmes,  Sir  Guy  (Rutland),  on 
propofal  to  alter  a  mejfage,  232. 
Awed  into  a  Vote,  241. 

Paris,  fierce  froflin  Paris  (i  641-2), 
67  note. 

Parliament,  Firll  great  Divifions 
in,  7.  Refult  of  firft  Party 
Struggle,  10.  The  People's 
only  hope,  65  note.  Foreign 
aid  againft  it  folicited  for 
Charles  L  224.  Expofition  of 
its  powers,  273.  See  Commons. 
Lords. 

Parry's  Treafon,    temp.  Q^  Eliz. 

305. 

Party.      See  Parliament. 

Peard,  George  (Barnftable),  nature 
of  errand  confided  to,  174. 
Reproves  members  for  inter- 
rupting D'Ewes,  222. 

Pemberton,  Subftance  of  Exami- 
nation of,  79  note. 

Pembroke,  Earl  of,  joins  in  the 
LunfTord  Proteft,  36  note.  65. 
How  he  bore  his  lofs  of  Office, 

Penningman.     See  Pennyman. 

Pennington,  Admiral  Sir  John. 
Value,  for  purpofes  of  this  Nar- 
rative, of  Letters  addreffed  to, 
3.  Services  rendered  by  him  to 
the  King  and  his  party,  3,  4. 
Clarendon's  charafler  of  him,  3 
note.  Fate  of  his  appointment 
as  Lord  Admiral,  4.  Declines 
to  a<ft  on  Bere's  hint,  30  note. 
Further  on  fame  topic,  from 
Captain  Dowfe,  51  note.  Makes 
Secretary    Nicholas's     Wife    a 


Index.  409 

Priefts, 

"Proude  Woman",  57.  Se- 
cret fervice  undertaken  by  him, 
361.  His  Correfpondents  :  See 
Bere.  Carterett.  Dovufe.  Nicholas. 
Slingjby.  Smith  {Thomas).  Wife- 
man  {Thomas). 

Pennington,  Alderman  Ifaac  (Lon- 
don), charged  with  important 
duty  by  the  Commons,  124 — 
155.  157.  174.  Prominent  in 
debate  under  Glyn,  309.  Suf- 
pe6ls  tamperings  with  Town 
Guards,  340,  341. 

Pennyman,  Sir  William  (Rich- 
mond), defignated  Succeffor  to 
Vane  the  younger,  30  note.  51 
note.  52 

Pepys's  glee  over  Glyn's  accident, 
344  note.  His  tribute  to  Slingf- 
by's  memory,  365  note. 

Percy,  Henry  (Northumberland), 
obje6l  of  Con f "piracy  of,  with 
Goring,  246. 

Pierrepoint,  Francis  (Notting- 
ham), endeavours  to  exculpate 
Attorney-General  Herbert,  128 
note,  312,  313. 

Pierrepoint,  William  (Great  Wen- 
lock),  named  on  Committee  of 
Safety,  280. 

Pope,  Foreign  aid  folicited  by  the, 
for  Charles  I.  224. 

Porter,  Endymion  (Droitwich), 
why  abfent  from  Parliamentary 
duties,  364  note.  His  cha- 
rac^eriftic  Letter  to  his  wife, 
364,  365  notes. 

Poulton,  Ferdinando,  repeats  a 
Scurrilous  Couplet,  358  note. 

Prentices  of  London  attacked  by 
the  Soldiers,  68.  Exafperation 
of  the  people  thereat,  69. 

Price,  Charles  (Radnorfhire),  duty 
affigned  to  by  Commons  in  ex- 
pectation of  Second  Vifit  from 
the  King,  338. 

Price,  Herbert  (Brecon),  Teller  in 
Divifions,  279  and  note.  Named 
on  Committee  of  Safety,  215, 280. 

Priefls     condemned,     commotion 


4 1  o  Index. 

Prince  Eledor» 

caufed  by  Reprieve  of,   31.  32, 
and  note. 

Prince  Eleaor.  See  Charles, 
Ele8or  Palatine. 

Privilege  not  claimed  by  Com- 
mons to  bar  a  juft  Charge,  320. 
See  Commons. 

Pye,  Sir  Robert  (Woodftock),  duty 
impofed  upon,  no.  Wirfies  for 
fome  way  of  accommodation 
with  the  King,  201  note, 

Pye,  Sir  Walter:  Subjea  of  hisdif- 
courfe  with  the  Pope's  nephew, 
225  note. 

Pym,   John    (Taviftock :    one   of 
the    Five    Accufed),    refult    of 
Court    Offers    of    Place    to,  9. 
Clarendon's  infmuations  refpeft- 
ing  him,   12.     Offence  intended 
to  be  charged  on  him  by  Charles, 
12;  14.  15.      Clarendon's  regret 
at  his  non-acceptance  of  office, 
13  note.  42.      Objea  of  Conful- 
tationsat  his  Chelfea  Lodgings, 
16.   Hispraaical  reply  to  paral- 
lel  between  him  and  Strafford, 
19.     Suggefts  exiftence  of  Con- 
fpiracy    to   get    up   charges   of 
treafon,   ibid.       Caufes   of    his 
great    popularity;     his    earlier 
ferviccs  and  endurances,  39,  40. 
His  rife  to  the   Leaderfhip,  and 
qualifications     for     fame,     41. 
Clarendon's  tribute  to  his  popu- 
larity,   ibid.       Why    Charles's 
efforts  to  win  him  over  failed, 
42  note.     Specimens  of  Royalill 
Lampoons  on  him,  43 — 46  notes. 
199  note.      His   fecret   influence 
over  the   King,   45—46.      Ulc 
made    of    his  Speeches   by  the 
King  after  his  death,  46.     His 
lalt     Relling-place,    ibid,    note. 
Renewed  offers  of  Place  made 
to  him,  47.     Points  wherein  he 
was    lefs    extreme    than    Hamp- 
den,   ibid.       Clarendon's     telti- 
mony  on   this  head,  ibid.   note. 
Why  Charles's  Offers  came  too 
late  :      Sir    Edward      Bering's 


Pym. 


Minute  on  the  fubjea,  48.  152. 
Proximate  date  of  the  King's 
Offer  to  him,  49.    His  reception 
of  old  Vane  on  the  latter's  dif- 
miffal,    52.       Former   offers   of 
place  to  him  and  his  party  fur- 
ther difcuffed,  53--58.  Charles's 
pofTible  motive  in  his  later  offer 
of  Place  to  Pym  alone,  59,  60. 
Had     timely    Information     of 
King's  Intent  againft  him,  88. 
Paffage  on  this  topic  from  one 
of    his     Speeches,    ibid.    note. 
Members    alarmed    by  a    fug- 
geflion  of  his,   106.     Chara^er 
and   objea  of  his  Speech,  107. 
His  fources of  information,  108. 
His  Plan  :   how  received  by  the 
Houfe,    108,   109.     On   King's 
refufal  of  Guard  :    fragments  of 
his   Speech,  118,  119.      Seizure 
of  his   Papers  by  King's  War- 
rant, 119,  120.  302.     His  con- 
neaion  with  Lady  Carlifle,  133. 
Scandal   and    Libels    to   which 
this  Conneaion   gave  rife,  135, 
136   notes.        Queen's    Quertion 
about*'  thatroundheaded  man", 
136,  137  notes.     Defends   him- 
i^iXi  againfl  the    Impeachment, 
161  — 165.     Away  to   the  City 
by  Water,  179.     Looked  for  in 
the  Houfe  by  Charles,  186.  189 
note.  190.  191.    His  rejoinder  to 
King's  Complaint  againll  him, 

210.  Comnmnicates  to  the 
Houfe  anonymous  warning  of 
Treachery  received  by  him,  210, 

211.  Tolerant  feeling  between 
him  and  D'Ewes,  220.  Ob- 
jeaion  taken  to  Anfwer  to 
Royal   Meflage  drawn  by  him, 

221.  His  *'difcretion  and  mo- 
defty  "  commended  by  D'Ewes, 

222.  His  heaviefl charge  againft 
the  King  proved,  299,  300. 
Thoufands  of  Petitioners  for 
him,  338.  357.  Jullificatory 
paragraphs  from  Petition,  357 
note.     Sample  of  attacks  upon 


Index. 


411 


Peformadoes. 


Sandford. 


him,  358  note.  Thanks  City 
for  proteaion,  371.  Dering's 
charaaeriflic  expreffion,  372. 
Avowal  made  in  his  **  Vindi- 
cation'*,  379,  380.  See  alfo  13 
note.  37.  177.  178.  182  note. 
198.  213.  225  note.  233.  245. 
246.  267.  269.  271  note.  zyz. 
295.  311  note.  320.  328.  348. 


Reformadoes,  what  they  were, 
180  note. 

Remonftrance,  Debates  on  the,  4, 
5.  6,  7.  Palmer's  Protefl,  8.  Tac- 
tics of  the  Minority,  9,  10.  Its 
publication,  60.   Its  objea,  377. 

Referred  to,  1 13,  i54j  ^^S)  ^53> 
274. 

Richardfon,  junior,  and  John 
Walker  find  anonymous  letter 
addrefftd  to  Pym,  210. 

Richmond,  James  Stuart,  Duke 
of,  appointed  Lord  Steward,  30 
note.  His  fally :  Proteft  of 
Peers  on  the  occafion,  36  note. 
279  note.  Windebanic's  liking 
for  him,  50  note*. 

Rigby,  Alexander  (Wigan),  pur- 
port of  Motion  made  in  Com- 
mons Houfe  by,  160,  161, 

Robartes,  Lord,  36  note. 

Rochefter,  Earl  of.  See  Claren- 
don, Henry f  Earl  of. 

RoUe,  Sir  Samuel  (Devon),  named 
on  Committee  of  Safety,  280. 

Rome,  letter  on  Englifh  politics 
at,  224,  225  notes. 

Romilly,  Sir  John,  Mafler  of  the 
Rolls  :  Services  rendered  to 
Englifh  Hiftory  by,  3  note. 

Roundheads  and  Cavaliers,  firft 
ufe  of  the  epithets,  62,  63. 
Hampfhire  Vicar's  antipathy, 
how  expreffed,  63  note.  Wil- 
liam Lilly  on  this  topic,  64 
note.  Clarendon  on  origin  of 
the  two  epithets,  74.  Baxter's 
anecdote  of  the  "  roundheadcd 
man",  136 — -j  notes,  Rufhworth 


on    the     **  firll    miniting'*    of 
'*  Roundheads",  185  note. 

Rous,  F.  (Truro),  moves  prefen- 
tation  of  Members'  Fines  to 
Dr.  Leighton,  249. 

Rowley's  Evidence  as  to  threats 
of  French  interference,  85. 

Roxborough,  Earl  of,  keeps  the 
Commons'  door  open,  185. 

Rudyard,  Sir  B.  (Wilton),  named 
on  Committee  of  Safety,  280. 

Rupert,  Prince,  x^d  note.  185. 

Rurtivvorth,  John,  as  to  Guard  ac- 
companying King  to  Houfe, 
180.  On  the  term  Roundhead, 
1 8  5  note.  Takes  down  Charles's 
Speech,  187,  188.  Charles's 
correaions  and  erafures  therein 
'verbatim,  188,  189.  Sent  for 
by  the  King,  251.  King's  re- 
joinder to  his  excufes,  252. 
What  took  place  after  he  quitted 
the  King,  253.  His  account 
of  Charles's  reception  in  Guild- 
hall, 258,  259  notes.  His  flate- 
ment  of  Houfe's  Proceedings 
on  5///  January,  290  note.  Ex- 
tent of  his  notes  of  Guildhall 
Sitting  on  Gth  January,  300. 
On  number  of  Bucks  Petitioners, 
353  note.  347  note.  351  note. 
See  alfo  289.  290.  292.  293. 

Ruffell,  Lord  John,  quoted,  40 
note  \. 

Ruffell,  Sir  William,  Joint  Trea- 
furer  of  the  Navy,  51.  Made 
Sole  Treafurer,  52. 


Sailor  Volunteers,  Services  of 
accepted  by  Commons,  347  and 
note.  348.  Epithets  beftowed 
on  them  by  the  King,  348.  359. 

Saint  John,  Lord,  36  note. 

Saint  John,  Oliver  (Totncfs) ; 
Clarendon's  Speculations  on  pof- 
fible  refult  of  offer  of  place  to,  1 3 
note.  Not  on  Committee  of 
Safety,  280. 

Sandford,  Mr.  J.  L.  argument  of, 


412  Jndex. 

Sa'vile. 

as    to    Strode's    identity    can- 
vafTed,  i9g  note. 
Savile,  Thomas,  Lord,  appointed 
Treafurer  of  Houfehold,  30  note. 
SO. 
Saye   and   Senle,    William,    Lord 
(Old  Subtlety),  36  note.  37  note. 
38.    Office  propofed  to  be  given 
to  him,  55.  58. 
Scot   the   Regicide   and    Speaker 

Lenthal,  234, 
Scottiffi    Covenant    and    City    of 

London,  256. 
Selden,  John  (Oxford  Univerfity), 

40  note.  147  note. 
Shakefpeare,   Williim,  unnoticed 

and  unknown,  91  note. 
Shawberie,  Thomas,  afperfes  Pym, 

358  note. 
Shepherd,  one   Mr.  in  the  wrong 

place,  251. 
Simmons,  S.  Publiflier  of  Paradife 

Loft,  91  note. 
Skippon,  Major,  and  his  Trained 
Bands,  256.  Inverted  with 
Command  of  Tower,  335.  His 
charafter  and  fubfequent  emi- 
nence, ibid.  Anecdote  told  by 
Wliitelock,  334,  335  notes. 
Office  created  for  him  :  its  ne- 
ceffity,  336.  Made  Sergeant- 
Major- General  of  City  forces, 
351.     Duties  affigned   to   him' 

Slingfby,    Captain    Robert    (Cor- 
refpondent  of  Admiral  Penning- 
ton),   prefumed    defign   of,    in 
coming  to  London,  4.   Letters  on 
the  Remonftrance  Debate,  4,  7. 
Anticipates   great   things  from 
Kmg's  Vifit,  21,  22.     Change 
wrought  in  his  views,    25,  26. 
News  of  the  King,   the  Houfes, 
and  the  Citizens,   26  note.     On 
altered  afpeft  of  affairs,    27.  28. 
On   Commotion  excited  by  re- 
prieve   of    condemned    Priefts, 
32  note.     Animus  of  **fome  of 
the  Parliament"  towards  him- 
self,  76  note.      His  account  of 


Songs. 

the    Weftminfter   tumults,    77. 
On  charge  againft  Earl  of  Brif- 
tol,   78.     Iffue  prediaed  if  the 
King  yield  not,  80.   His  account 
confirmed  by  D'Ewes,  81.      His 
apprehenfions  as  to  the  Bifhops' 
Proteftation,  97,  98.    "  Extreame 
tempeftuous  weather  ",  99  note. 
On  number  and  equipment  of 
King's  Guard,  181 — 183.    De- 
fcribes    Impeachment   of   Five 
Members,  182  note.     How  the 
King  came  into  the  Houfe,  184. 
What  the  King  did  and   faid, 
1 94  note.     Charles'  reception  at 
Guildhall  and  how  he  fared  by 
the    way,     260—263.     Curious 
incident    related    by   him,    268 
?iote.     Further    on    pofition    of 
Affairs  between  King  and  Par- 
liament,  298,  299.    "His  words 
a  confirmation  of  Pym 's  Charge, 
300.     On  Return  of  Five  Mem- 
bers and  King's  flight,  366,  367. 
Clofe  of  his  letter,  367  note.    His 
after  career  :  Pepys'  tribute  to 
his  memory,  365,  366  notes. 
Smith,  Mr.  Philip  (Marlborough), 
brings  up  Middle  Temple  Reply, 
177. 
Smith,  Thomas  (Correfpondent  of 
Admiral  Pennington) :   On  dif- 
ferences    between     King     and 
Commons,   61,  62.     Attack  of 
Soldiers  on  'Prentices,    68,   69. 
On     «*the    laft    plott    of    the 
Bifliopps",  99.  Compares  Arch- 
bifliop  Williams  to  AchitopheJ, 
100.      Troubles  confequent  on 
the  King's  Attempt,  206--208. 
How    matters     ftand    between 
King     and     City,     297,     298. 
His  View  of  King's  Stretch  of 
power,  311,  312  notes. 
Soame,     Alderman    Sir    Thomas 
(London)  joined  with  Venn  and 
Pennington    in    deputation    to 
City,  174. 

Songs  and  Libels  on  the  Popular 
Leaders,  and  their  friends,  no- 


Southampton. 

ticed,  17.  43 — 46.  199.256  note. 

306  note.  355  note.  362  note. 
Southampton,  Earl  of,  made  Privy 

Councillor,  267, 
Southwark  Trained    Bands,   349. 

359-  369. 

Spencer,  Lord,  36  note. 

Spenfer,  Edmund,  Bifhop  Hacket*s 
efteem  for,  91  note. 

Stamford,  Earl  of,  36  note. 

Stapleton,  Sir  Philip  (Borough- 
bridge),  appointed  a  manager  in 
Conference  with  the  Lords,  121. 
Nominated  on  Committee  of 
Safety,  280.  Moves  relblution 
on  Irifli  Affairs,  281.  His 
larcaftic  alluiion  to  LunfTord, 
322  note.  See  alfo  126.  309. 
316. 

Strafford,  Thomas  Wentworth, 
Earl  of,  2.  4.  13.  19.  39.  41. 
51.  51  note.  52.  54.  55.  76  note. 
77'  134-  ^ZS^ote.  1-^6  note.  137. 
162.  251.  256.  355  note.  357. 

Strafford,  young  Earl  of,  Gene- 
rofity  of  Houie  of  Commons  to, 
227  note. 

Strode,  William  (Beeralfton,  one 
of  the  Five  Accufed),  in- 
credulous as  to  Herbert  and 
Littleton's  affertion,  128  and 
»o/^.3i3.  Clarendon's  uncivil 
allufion  to  him,  149  note,  His 
declaration  as  to  real  objeft  of 
Impeachment.  165.  Dragged 
out  of  the  Houfe  by  his  friend, 
179.  198 — 200.  On  his  identity 
with  the  Strode  of  James's  Par- 
liament, 198  note.  Contempt 
of  the  Royalifts  for  him,  199 
note.  Epithets  beftowed  upon 
him  by  D'Ewes,  220.  Gets  the 
worft  in  an  altercation  with 
D'Ewes,  222,  223.  See 
^77^  178.  182  note.  198. 
271  note.  311  note.  320. 
371.      See  Fi've  Members. 

Suffolk,  Earl  of,  36  note. 

Sunday    in     London,     9M    Jan. 
(i  641—2),  defcribed  338,  339. 


Index.  41 J 

f^ane. 

Swift's  reminder,  to  a  high-flying 
fecretary,  382  note. 


alfo 
270. 
348. 


Tory  and  Whig,  62. 

Tower  J  name  bellowed  by  Cour- 
tiers on  the,  33.  Qualifications 
required  in  its  Governor,  ibid. 
Steps  taken  by  Commons  for 
its  fecurity,  334.  Clarendon's 
admiffion,  334  note.  Skippon 
inverted  with  its  command,  325. 
Pym's  later  reference  to  this 
fubjeft,  325  note.  Sufpicions 
communicated  by  Alderman 
Pennington,  340,  341.  Its 
Lieutenants  and  Governing 
Officers.  See  Balfour.  Biron. 
Corners.  Lunfford.  Ne-ivport. 
Skippon. 

Temple,  Inner  and  Middle,  Re- 
plies of,  to  Commons'  Meffage, 
176,  177.     See  Inns  of  Court. 

Trained  Bands  of  London,  254. 
323.  336.  See  City.  South- 
ijuark. 


Valentine.  Mr.  27  note. 

Vane,  SirHenrytheelder(Wilton), 
fuperfeded,  27  note,  30  note.  50, 
His  Treafurerfliip  of  the  Houfe- 
hold given  to  Lord  Savile. 
Windebank's  fellow  feeling 
towards  him,  50  note*.  Wel- 
comed back  by  Pym,  52.  Takes 
up  extreme  pofition  in  debate, 
242,  243. 

Vane,  Sir  Henry,  the  younger 
(Hull),  difmiffed  from  Office,  30 
note.  51.  Believed  to  be  for  *'  root 
and  branch  ",  47  note.  Candi- 
dates for  his  poft,  51  note. 
His  pofition  in  the  Opinion  of 
the  Commons,  52.  Their  dif- 
pleafure  at  his  difmiffal,  53. 
Conference  and  committee  on 
which  he  was  named,  173.  316. 
Exception  to  Harry  Killegrew's 
Speech,  244,  His  addition  to 
Guildhall  Refolution,  315,  316, 


»  ^ 


4  ^  4  Index, 

Vaughan. 

319.      Bafenefs   of   his   former 
friends,  344.     See  173.  316. 
Vaughan,     Mr.   John    (Cardigan 
Town),  Supported  by  D'Ewes, 
221. 

Venn,  Captain  John  (London), 
duty  impofed  by  Commons  on, 
124.  155.  157.  174. 

Verney,  Sir  Ralph  (Aylefbury)  : 
Notes  of  proceedings  of  Long 
Parliament  (Camden  Society 
Book)  by,  quoted  or  referred 
to,  zonote^.  37  note.  84.  180. 
183.  184.  185.  193.  289.  290. 
^9*-  343-  347.  347  note.  His 
Statement  of  what  took  place 
Sth  January,  290  note.  His  notes 
of  Guildhall  Sitting  on  the  6th 
Jan,  300.  His  miflakes,  351 
note. 


Walker,  John.  See  Kichardfon, 
Simon. 

Waller's  parallel  between  Pym 
and  Strafford,  19. 

Walfmgham,  Sir  Thomas,  Kt. 
(Rochefter)  named  on  Com- 
mittee of  Safety,  280. 

War.    See  Cu-vil  IVar. 

Warburton,Bifhop,on  Lunfford's 

appointment,  36. 
Warrants,    Royal,    Debates   and 

313 

See 


Refolutions  on,  303—308. 


•—315-     330—332.     343. 
Lharles.  Commons. 

Warwick,  Earl  of,  36  note.  Scur- 
rilous Couplet  on,  'i.^lnote. 

Warwick,  Sir  Philip  (Radnor 
Town);  Scandal  againll  Lady 
Carlifle,  135,  136  and  notes. 
His  opinion  as  to  Hampden's 
death,  168  note.  Suggelts  that 
Commons  are  guilty  of  Treafon, 
350.  Anecdote  told  by  him, 
382  note. 

'*  Water  Rats  ",  348.  359. 

WentworthjSir  Peter  (Tamworth), 
241.  Horror  of  Culpcper  at  his 
**  folly",  242. 

Weftminfter    Tumults  j    William 


Williams. 
Lilly  on,  64  note.  Their  real 
caufe,  65  and  note* .  Prologue 
to  the  Civil  war,  66.  Objeft 
aimed  at,  66,  S-j.  Soldiers' 
attack  on  Prentices,  68,  69. 
Caufe  of  King's  acceptance  of 
Volunteer  Guard,  76.  Slingf- 
by's  Verfion  of  thefe  Tumults, 
77,  78.  A(5lion  taken  by  Com- 
mons to  prevent  their  recurrence, 
85.  Courfe  adopted  by  Bifhops, 
89,  90, 

Wharton,  Lord  (Beverley),  36 
note.  38. 

Wheeler,  Mr.  (Weftbury),  Watch 
duty  impofed  upon,  110.  Named 
on  Committee  of  Safety,  280. 

Whig  and  Tory,  62. 

Whitelock,  Bullbode  (Marlow), 
on  Queen's  influence  in  King's 
Counfels,  129,  130.  His  View 
of  Lady  Carlifle's  Warning, 
145  note.  Named  on  Committee 
of  Safety,  280.  His  quellion- 
able  aflertion,  383.  See  354, 
354«o/<f.  382. 

Wich,  Sir  Peter,  breaks  open  the 
Arms  Cheft,  2x7  note, 

Wilde,  Serjeant  (Worcefterfhire), 
fits  as  Chairman  of  Committee, 
309,  310.  Wrong  iffue  fuggefted 
by  him,  314,  Set  right  by 
D'Ewes,  314,  315.     See  330. 

Williams,  John,  Archbifhop  of 
York,  roughly  handled  by  the 
Prentices,  71  and  note  f. 
Slinglby's  account  of  his  treat- 
ment, 77.  His  part  in  the 
affray  next  day,  78.  A  fighting 
Archbifliop,  79.  Bramfton's, 
Hyde's,  and  Hacket's  Accounts 
compared,  89  «o/^.  Real  Author 
of  Bifhops'  Proteftation,  91,  92. 
Proceedings  had  on  the  matter 
at  his  Lodgings,  94.  Bifliops 
furprifed  by  him  into  concur- 
rence, 95.  Dubbed  Achitophel, 
100.  How  his  Intrigue  was 
baffled,  ibid.  He  and  Laud  in 
prifon  together,  102.  Caricatures 


Index. 

Willoughhy. 

upon  him  :  Laud's  enjoyment 
of  fame,  102,  103,  103  note. 
Apprentices  provoked  by  him, 
185  note. 

Willoughby  de  Parham,  Lord,  37 
note. 

Windebank,  Sir  Francis,  Claren- 
don on  flight  of,  32,  33  notes. 
His  fecret  underftanding  with 
the  Queen  and  grief  at  lofs  of 
Oflice,  49,  50  notes.  His  fellow 
feeling  for  a  caft  Courtier,  50 
note  *.  Defires  to-  return  to 
England,  G-j,  68  notes.  Con- 
cerning his  connection  with  the 
Roman  Catholics,  224,  225 
notes. 

Wifeman,  Sir  Richard,  flain  in 
the  Weftminfter  Tumults,  64. 
Further  references  to  the  oc- 
currence, 70.  78.  80  note.  185 
note. 

Wifeman, Thomas  (Correfpondent 
of  Admiral   Pennington),  cha- 


Young  Man. 
ra6ler  and  pofition  of,  7.  On  Pal- 
mer's committal  to  the  Tower, 

8.  On  clofe  of  Remonftrance 
Debate,  and  ftate  of  Houfes,  8, 

9.  On  the  King's  reception  in 
the  City,  22.  On  Changes  of 
oflfices,  29,  30.  notes.  On 
King's  Second  Vifit  to  the  City, 
264 — 267.  268.  His  defpairing 
View  of  affairs,  287.  295. 

Wray,  Sir  C.  (Great  Grimft)y), 

Wray,  Sir  John  (Lincolnftiire), 
both  named   on  Committee  of 
Safety,  280. 

Wright,  Edward,  Alderman,  Sub- 
ftance  of  Pemberton's  Examina- 
tion before,  79  note. 

"Wright,  Thomas,  Political  Ballads 
(Percy  Society  Book)  edited  by, 
358  note. 

Young  Man,  Queftion  raifed  by 
D'Ewes's  ufe  of  the  term,  198 
and  note.     279  note. 


I  HAVE  to  thank  Mr.  Henry  Campkin  for  the  great  care  and  fkill 
with  which  this  Index  has  been  compiled. 

J.F. 


THE    END. 


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PAGE. 

91.   5  from  bottom  {note) :  for  "5.  Simmons"  read  '*  S.  Simmons." 
126.   Laft  line  ) 
137.  Laft  line  r°^  "  Archetil "  read  -  A^chetil." 

147.  4th  marginal  note,  for  "  1828  "  read  *'  1628." 

280.  Line  12,  for  ♦*  Cockerwor/// "  read   «*  Cocker/«ott///." 

370.  Laft  line  but  one  [note),  for  '' pofl  364"  read  ''poj}  374." 

371.  Line  8  from  bottom  {note)^  for  "  title"  read  "letter." 
382.   Laft  line  but  one  («o/^),  for  "  worftiip  "   read   "  lordftiip." 

389.  {Index)  under  ''Authorities  cited":  MS.  after  Bering  infert 
D'Ezves.     Printed,  after  Lilly  infert  Ludlow. 

403.  {Index)  under  ''Herbert,  Sir  Edward,'^  for  "  348.  371,"  read 
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